ASSIGNMENT NO .

1
Data Communication
Total marks: 80
NAME: ATTAULLAH
REG# 12BNELE0508
SECTION: A
SUBMITTED BY: ATTAULLAH
SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. FAWAD

Date of Submission:
15/03/2015

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QNO.01

ANS 01:

a) Time to send message from source host to first packet switch

: =

With store-and-forward switching, the total time to move

message from source host to destination host = 4sec 3 hops =
12sec

b) Time to send 1st packet from source host to first packet switch
=.
 =

Time at which 2nd packet is received at the first switch = time at

which 1st packet is received at the second switch

= 25 msec = 10 milli sec

c) Time at which 1st packet is received at the destination host =

5msec 3 hops = 15 msec. After this, every 5msec one packet will be

received; thus time at which last (800th ) packet is received =15 msec+

799*5msec = 4.01 sec . It can be seen that delay in using message

segmentation is significantly less (almost 1/3rd).

d)
Without message segmentation, if bit errors are not
tolerated, if there is a single bit error, the whole
message has to be retransmitted (rather than a single
packet).
Without message segmentation, huge packets
(containing HD videos, for example) are sent into the
network. Routers have to accommodate these huge
packets. Smaller packets have to queue behind
enormous packets and suffer unfair delays.
e) ) Drawbacks:
Packets have to be put in sequence at the destination.
 Message segmentation results in many smaller
packets. Since header size is usually the same for all
packets regardless of their size, with message
segmentation the total amount of header bytes is more.

QNO. 02 Suppose you would like to urgently deliver 500 Gigabytes data from
Islamabad to Lahore. You have available a 10 Mbps dedicated link for data
transfer. Would you prefer to transmit the data via this link or instead use courier
service to send the hard drive containing the data to be delivered? Explain.
ANS:
DATA=500 Gigabytes
Data Rate = 10Mb/sec
TransmissionDelay=

So We will prefer to transmit the data usig courier service which will take
approximately 2 or 3 days.

QNO. 03
ANS:
QNO.04

ANS:
There is no difference. Throughout this text the words host and end
system are used interchangeably. However, A network host or host is a
computer connected to a network . Means that A host and an end system are
terms that are used interchangeably meaning that a host is an end system.

End systems include

1. PCs,
2. workstations,
3. Web servers,
4. mail servers,
5. Internet-connected PDAs,
6. WebTVs, etc.
The types of application programs that run are web browser programs, web
server programs, and e-mail readers and senders.

So Yes a web server is an end system.

QNO.5

ANS:

The program that initiates the communication is the client.

A program that is capable of obtaining a service provided by

another program is client program.
A networking program usually has two programs, each running on a different
host, communicating with each other.
Typically, the client program requests and receives services from the server
program.

A server is a running instance of an application (software)

capable of accepting requests from the client and giving
responses accordingly. Servers can run on any computer
including dedicated computers, which individually are also often
referred to as "the server".

. The computer that a server program runs in is also frequently referred

to as a server (though it may be used for other purposes as well).

Examples
 of computer applications that use the clientserver model
are Email, network printing, and the World Wide Web

QNO.6

ANS:
Ethernet LANs have transmission rates of 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1
Gbps and 10 Gbps. For an X Mbps Ethernet (where X = 10,
100, 1,000 or 10,000), a user can continuously transmit at the
rate X Mbps if that user is the only person sending data. If there
are more than one active user, then each user cannot
continuously transmit at X Mbps.

QNO.7

Ethernet most commonly runs over

twisted-pair copper wire and

thin coaxial cable.
It also can run over fibers optic links and thick coaxial cable.

QNO.8

a) Wireless LAN: In a wireless LAN, wireless users transmit/receive packets

to/from a base station (wireless access point) within a radius of few tens of meters.
The base station is typically connected to the wired Internet and thus serves to
connect wireless users to the wired network.

b) Wide-area wireless access network: In these systems, packets are transmitted

over the same wireless infrastructure used for cellular telephony, with the base
station thus being managed by a telecommunications provider. This provides
wireless access to users within a radius of tens of kilometers of the base station.