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IS 11732: 1995
(Reaffirmed 2000)
srrTats W;r%
Indian Standard
ACCEPTANCESTANDARDSFORLIQUID
PENETRANTINSPECTIONOFSTEELCASTING
( First Revision )
First Reprint APRIL 1997
0 BIS 1995
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Steel Castings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineer-
ing Division Council.
Liquid penetrant inspection is a physico-chemical non-destructive inspection procedure, designed to
detect and expose surface discontinuities in engineering materials. The method can also reveal sub-
surface d&continuities that have an opening to the surface to which the liquid penetrant has been
applied. It has achieved recognition as a basic non-destructive test method owing to its advantages of
rapidity, simplicity, coverage and economy with which it cm be used on a variely of materials and
shapes with minimum capital investment. The objective is to detect cracks, porosity, laps, seams and
other surface defects, rapidly and economically and with a high degree of reliability. The method is
especially useful in case of steel castings made of non-magnetic material, to which the magnetic
particle ins.pection method cannot be applied.
To aid the process of evaluation and determining the limits of acceptance of surface discontinuities
detected by liquid penetrant inspection. it was considered necessary to evolve a specification for
acceptance standards for liquid penetrant inspection.
The committee decided to revise this standard in view of the experience gained. Main modifications
in this revision are as follows:
i) The title of the standard has been changed.
ii) Standard Reference Pictures for liquid penetrant indications applicable for various levels
of acceptance of quality have been modified.
iii) Details of procedure to follow for conducting the liquid penetrant test have been modified.
While preparing this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications:
IS0 4987 : 1992 Steel castings - Penetrant inspection - International Standards Organization.
BS 4080 : Part 2 : 1989 Specification for seventy levels for discontinuities in steel castings. British
Standards institution.
IS 11732 .: l!F93
Indian Standard
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS FOR LIQUID
PENETRANT INSPECTION OF STEEL CASTING
/ First Revision )
1 SCOPE 4.3 The inspection shall be carried out before
This standard determines the limits of any surface treatment like scratching, hammer-
acceptance of surface discontinuities detected ing, peening, etc. which may damage or dull
by penetrant inspection for steel castings. The the surface of metal and prevent penetration of
procedure to be adopted for this examination is the dye into .the surface discontinuities.
as specified in IS 3658 : 1981. Liquid penetrant
inspection is generally applicable to castings in 5 PRINCIPLE
finished or nearly finished state. However, it is 5.1 Contrast Colour Liquid Penetrsnt with Nom-
applicable to in-process and maintenance Fluorescent Developers
inspection as well.
In this method, a coloured penetiant liquid,
2 REFERENCES usually red, is applted to the surface to be
inspected. Excess dye is removed by washing
The following Indian Standards are necessary
adjuncts to this standard: off the surface and the surface is then dried.
Interpretation follows application of a develo-
IS No. Title per, generally suspended in a volatile liquid.
3658 : 1981 Code of practice for liquid penet- NOTE - For certain applications, in order to
minimix the risk of corrosion, the percentageof
rant t-law detection (jirst revision ) halogens and sulphur in the dye and developer
8780 : 1978 Code of practice for non-destruc- material may be restricted by mutual agreement.
tive testing of steel castings
6 PROCEDURE
3 TERMINOLOGY
6.1 Cleaning .
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions
gtven in IS 3658 : 1981 shall apply. Cleaning may be done using a wire brush or by
grinding to remove dust, dirt, scales, etc. It is
4 SURFACE PREPARATION further essential to eliminate any trace of dust
or grease .on the surface to be inspected by
4.1 The surface to be exammed shall be free
wiping with a lint-free cloth soaked tn one of
from rust, dirt, welding spatter, lumps, grease,
oil contamination, water, dust, etc. Any the approved cleaning agents, such as
trichloroethylene, acetone, alcohol, or isopropyl
roughness which could mask, or interfere with
the effectiveness of the examination shall be alcohol.
eliminated either by machining or grinding. If 6.2 Drying
it is intended to also carry out magnetic
particle inspection using a liquid ink, then the It is essential that the surface to be examined
liquid penetrant inspection shall be carried out should be completely dry prior to the applica-
first. tion of the dye penetrant and there should not
remain either traces of water or the cleaning
4.2 The surface roughness for testing shall be agent left in the defects.
as follows:
6.3 Application of Dye
Acceptance Qua!ity Surface Roughness
Level in t.bm( micron ) The dye may be applied either by immersion or
(2) paint brush or using a spray gun. The dwell
(I)
time permissible for penetration is a critical
I 6.3 or less factor. The minimum time to be allowed is
7 minutes but a longer period may be required
12.5 or less for highly polished surfaces, very fine defects,
or where temperatures are below 15C and in
25 or less such cases the time to be aliowed for penetra-
tion shall be 10 to 20 minutes. The component
C
IS 11732 : 1995
2
Table 1 Maximum Perrpissilale Extent of Indications
( CIauses 1.2.4, 8. I and 8.3 )
-
IS 11732 : 1995
ANNEX A
( Clauses 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 8.3 and Tublc 1 )
Table 1 should be consulted for exact details of allowable size and the number of indications.
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BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.
,
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue
ofBIS Handbook and Standards Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. MTD 17 (3989).