Monday, September 23, 2013 Industrial Engineering 1

The Single-Facility Rectilinear Distance

Location Problem

Minisum model
Objective: to locate the new facility to minimize a
weighted sum of the rectilinear distances from the new
facility to existing facilities

Minimax model
Objective: to determine the location of the new facility
to minimize the maximum distance to the existing
facilities rather than the total distance

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1) Minisum model

Objective: to locate the new facility to

minimize a weighted sum of the rectilinear
distances from the new facility to existing
facilities

Example: to determine the location of
photocopy machine in the office

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1) Minisum model
Background of the problems

To identify the optimum location for

new facility X, (x*,y*) that have activity
relationship with current facility Pi, (
ai,bi).

The optimum location must satisfy the
median and cost function f(X).

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Minisum model

Median

Median wi (First time achieved)

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Minisum model

Cost function f(X):

n
(
f ( x, y ) = wi x ai + y bi
i =1
)
Where;

f(x,y) = The total of movement cost within
the new facility and current facility.
wi = weight
x = Coordinate x for new facility
y = Coordinate y for new facility
ai = Coordinate x for current facility
bi = Coordinate y for current facility

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Minisum model

Example 1

A new machine will be fixed at shop

machine workshop. The five (5) location of
the current machines are given as P1 (1,1),
P2 (5,2), P3 (2,8), P4 (4,4) and P5 (8,6).
The daily number of trips estimation (wi)
within new machine and current machine
are shown in table below:

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 Minisum models
Example 1
Current m/c, Pi Coordinate, ai Coordinate, bi Number of
(x) (y) trips,wi

1 1 1 5

2 5 2 6

3 2 8 2

4 4 4 4

5 8 6 8

Total 25

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Minisum model
Example 1

Assume that, the costs per unit

movement are the same within both
machines. Determine the optimum
location for this new machine.

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 Coordinate, ai (x)

Arrange from
lowest value to
highest value

Current m/c, Pi Coordinate, ai Number of

trips,wi
1 1 5
3 2 2
4 4 4
2 5 6
5 8 8

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Minisum models

Solution 1
Median wi
2

= 25 = 12.5
2

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 Coordinate-X (ai)

Pi ai wi wj
1 1 5 5
3 2 2 7
4 4 4 11<12.5
2 5 6 17>12.5
5 8 8 25

x* = a2 = 5
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 Coordinate-Y (bi).

Pi bi wi wj
1 1 5 5
2 2 6 11 < 12.5
4 4 4 15 > 12.5
5 6 8 23
3 8 2 25

y* = b4 = 4
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Minisum model
Solution 1

Therefore the optimum location

for new machine, X(x*, y*) = (5,4)

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 X(x*, y*) = (5,4)

The cost for this optimum location;

f(5,4) = 5(I5-1I+I4-1I) + 6(I5-5I+I4-2I) +

2(I5-2I+I4-8I) + 4(I5-4I+I4-4I) +
8(I5-8I+I4-6I)
= 35+12+14+4+40
= 105

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Minisum models
Solution 1

If the cost is RM1.50/distance,

therefore the total cost for this optimum
location is RM 157.50 (105 x 1.50).
This optimum location also can be
determined by plotting the graph f(a) vs
ai and f(b) vs bi. The optimum point is
located at the lowest curve.

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2) Minimax model

Objective: to determine the location of the

new facility to minimize the maximum
distance to the existing facilities

Example: to determine the location of
hospital, transmitter, hospital

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2) Minimax models
Background of the problems

To identify the optimum location to be

minimized for new facility X (x*,y*) that
have activity relationship with current
facility Pi ( ai,bi).

The optimum location must satisfy the
median and cost function f(X).

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Minimax models

Cost function f(X):

f(x,y) = (
max x ai + y bi
1i n
)
Where;
f(X) = The Total of movement cost within the
new facility and current facility.
x = Coordinate x for new facility
y = Coordinate y for new facility
ai = Coordinate x for current facility
bi = Coordinate y for current facility

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Minimax models

The minimax solution should satisfy this

condition:
c1 = min (ai + bi )
c 2 = max(ai + bi )
c3 = min ( ai + bi )
c 4 = max( ai + bi )
c5 = max(c 2 c1, c 4 c3 )

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Minimax models

The optimum solution will be occurring at a

line that connecting this two point.

First point :(xi , yi) = 0.5 (c1-c3, c1+c3+c5)

Second point :(x2 , y2) = 0.5 (c2-c4, c2+c4 - c5)

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Minimax models

The maximum distance between the new

facility and the current facility is given as:

= C5
2

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Minimax models

Example 2

There are 8 machines need to be maintained

and their location are given as P1 (0,0), P2
(4,6), P3 (8,2), P4 (10,4) and P5 (4,8), P6 (2,4),
P7 (6,4) and P8 (8,8). The company intends to
establish centralize maintenance department
for doing this purpose. Identify the optimum
location of this maintenance department so that
it can minimize the number of machine
downtime.

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 c1 = min (ai + bi )
c 2 = max(ai + bi )
Solution
c3 = min ( ai + bi )
c 4 = max( ai + bi )
c5 = max(c 2 c1, c 4 c3 )

Pi ai bi ai+bi -ai+bi
1 0 0 0 0
2 4 6 10 2
3 8 2 10 -6
4 10 4 14 -6
5 4 8 12 4
6 2 4 6 2
7 6 4 10 -2
8 8 8 16 0
c1 = 0 c 2 = 16 c 3 = -6 c4 = 4 c 5 = 16
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 Solution

First point:
(x*1,y*1) = 0.5 (c1-c3, c1+c3+c5)
= 0.5 (6,10)
= (3,5)
Second point:
(x*2,y*2) = 0.5 (c2-c4, c2+c4-c5)
= 0.5 (12,4)
= (6,2)

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Minimax models
Solution 2
- The maximum distance between
maintenance departments
and current machine is:

= C5 = 16/2 = 8
2

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FFDF
f(x,y) = (
max x ai + y bi
1i n
)
FIRST POINT (3,5)

P1 = | 3 - 0 | + | 5 - 0 | = 8
P2 = | 3 - 4 | + | 5 - 6 | = 2
P3 = | 3 - 8 | + | 5 - 2 | = 8
P4 = | 3 - 10 | + | 5 - 4 | = 8
P5 = | 3 - 4 | + | 5 - 8 | = 4
P6 = | 3 - 2 | + | 5 - 4 | = 2
P7 = | 3 - 6 | + | 5 - 4 | = 4
P8 = | 3 - 8 | + | 5 - 8 | = 8

First point (3,5) is 8 distance unit (rectangular) away from P1, P3, P4 & P8

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 f(x,y) = (
max x ai + y bi
1i n
)
2ND POINT (6,2)

P1 = | 6 - 0 | + | 2 - 0 | = 8
P2 = | 6 - 4 | + | 2 - 6 | = 6
P3 = | 6 - 8 | + | 2 - 2 | = 2
P4 = | 6 - 10 | + | 2 - 4 | = 6
P5 = | 6 - 4 | + | 2 - 8 | = 8
P6 = | 6 - 2 | + | 2 - 4 | = 6
P7 = | 6 - 6 | + | 2 - 4 | = 2
P8 = | 6 - 8 | + | 2 - 8 | = 8

Second point (6,2) is 8 distance unit (rectangular) away from P1, P5 & P8

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 Solution 2
Minimax models
The optimum location as shown in graph below:
GraphCoor
Graph coordinate current machine location

10
Maintenance department
8
Coordinate - y

will be located along the line

6 which connecting the 1st
Graph
and 2coordinate
nd point. current

4 machine location
P1 & P8 is having max.
2 distance between the line
0 compare to other machines.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Coordinate -x

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 END OF CLASS

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