Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility in

EVALUATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN
SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN CAVITE
An Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College of Engineering and Information Technology
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite
In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree,
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
ATANGAN, LOIS MARGARET B.

OMA, MARJORIE C.
March 2017
Table of Contents
Page
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................9
Statement of the Problem....................................................................................10
Objectives of the Study...................................................................................... 11
Significance of the Study.................................................................................... 11
Scope and Limitation of the Study........................................................................12
Conceptual Framework...................................................................................... 13
Definition of Terms........................................................................................... 13
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.................................................................................16
Definition of CSR............................................................................................. 16
State of the Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines......................................17
Every Company Needs a CSR Strategy..................................................................17
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility...................................................18
Benefit of Corporate Social Responsibility..............................................................19
Some Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility are as follows:..................................20
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational stability............................21
Issues or barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines...........................23
METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................................25
Research Design.............................................................................................. 25
Sources of Data................................................................................................ 26
Sample Size Determination................................................................................. 27
Data Gathering Procedure...................................................................................28
Research Instrument.......................................................................................... 28
Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment..................................................................29
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..................................................................................................30
Current Status of Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility...................................31
Mode of Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility..............................................32
Summary of the Corporate Social Responsibility Actions used in an Organization.............41
Target Groups Covered of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives People living in the
nearby industry................................................................................................ 42
Main Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility.....................................................45
Problem Related to the Development Initiatives in the Field of Social Responsibility..........50
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Stability............................54
Barriers or Issues of Corporate Social Responsibility in an Organization.........................67
Rationale behind Covering Issues under Corporate Social Responsibility........................74
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................78
Summary....................................................................................................... 78
Conclusions.................................................................................................... 79
Recommendations............................................................................................ 80
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Common barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation...............
2 List of the Industries and Number of Establishments...........................................
3 Allocation of Funds for corporate social responsibility Implementation.....................
4 Organizing charity events every year................................................................
5 Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives by giving financial

support directly to community........................................................................
6 Through voluntary organizations....................................................................
7 Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives by funding to government

..............................................................................................................
8 Giving financial support to community based organizations...................................
9 Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives through corporate social

responsibility project management..................................................................
10 Description of actions used in implementing corporate social responsibility...............
11 Ethic Code...............................................................................................
12 Social budget, intangible capital budget............................................................
13 Ethic certification SA800..............................................................................
14 Certification CSC9000T...............................................................................
15 Certification EMAS....................................................................................
16 Cause-related marketing social partnership........................................................
17 Business foundation....................................................................................
18 People living in the nearby industry.................................................................
19 Selected in consultation with non-government organizations..................................
20 Random selection of area or community...........................................................
21 Tribal people in any part of country.................................................................
22 Tribal people in rural areas...........................................................................
23 Enhancing corporate reputation......................................................................
24 Improving relations with suppliers, institutions, donors, community.........................
25 Strengthening the sense of employee...............................................................
26 Increase of the efficiency..............................................................................
27 Acquisition of commercial benefits.................................................................
28 Identification of reputational risk....................................................................
29 Better access to credit..................................................................................
30 Lack of knowledge.....................................................................................
31 Lack of institution assistance.........................................................................
32 Lack of specific legislation on corporate social responsibility.................................
33 Business benefits not immediate.....................................................................
34 High costs................................................................................................
35 Lack of corporate skill.................................................................................

36 Little impact on social and environmental business..............................................
37 Few interest of the company..........................................................................
38 Customer Retention....................................................................................
39 Access to funding.......................................................................................
40 Employee Recruitment................................................................................
41 Positive Image...........................................................................................
42 Stable Cash flow........................................................................................
43 Corporate Social Responsibility program/activities really respond to the

development needs, concerns and priorities of workers, communities and firms in
developing countries...................................................................................
44 Description of corporate social responsibility benefit in the community....................
45 Charitable contributions...............................................................................
46 Employee volunteer programs.......................................................................
47 Corporate involvement in community education, employment and homelessness

programs..................................................................................................
48 Product safety and quality.............................................................................
49 Donation to organizations having social or environmental utility.............................
50 Sponsorship of sport and cultural events...........................................................
51 Cause Related Marketing campaign.................................................................
52 Partnership projects of social solidarity............................................................
53 Corporate foundation...................................................................................
54 Corporate voluntary....................................................................................
55 Tribal people living in rural areas...................................................................
56 Lack of stakeholder awareness.......................................................................
57 Lack of training.........................................................................................
58 Lack of information....................................................................................
59 Financial constraints...................................................................................
60 Lack of customer awareness..........................................................................
61 Lack of concern for reputation.......................................................................
62 Lack of knowledge.....................................................................................
63 Lack of regulations and standards...................................................................
64 Diversity..................................................................................................
65 Company culture........................................................................................
66 Lack of social audit.....................................................................................
67 Lack of top management commitment..............................................................
68 Demand from the community........................................................................
69 Current relevance of the issue........................................................................
70 As per the organization mandate.....................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES
Pag
1 Conceptual framework of evaluation of corporate social responsibility in
selected manufacturing industries.......................................................................
2 Summary of the mode of implementing corporate social responsibility
programs..............................................................................................................
3 Corporate Social Responsibility Actions used....................................................
4 Target groups covered in corporate social responsibility initiatives...................
5 Main benefit of the adoption of measures for social responsibility....................
6 Problem related to the development of social responsibility..............................
7 Impact of corporate social responsibility on Organizational Stability................
8 Respond of Corporate Social Responsibility activities in the communities
.............................................................................................................................
9 Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility in the community..........................
10 Actions towards community................................................................................
11 Common Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility........................................
12 Rationale behind covering the mentioned issue under corporate social
responsibility in an organization.........................................................................
EVALUATION OF CORPARATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SELECTED
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN CAVITE
An undergraduate thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Industrial

Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering and Information Technology,
Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering with Contribution No.
___________________. Prepared under the supervision of Engr. Gerry M. Castillo.
LOIS MARGARET B. ATANGAN

MARJORIE C. OMA
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, many companies take any steps to maintain a good image and a stable
position in the market. Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) become
common to many companies because companies believe that CSR program may take
businesses in a long term success and can increase profits, without knowing the clear
definition of it. Many researchers perceive CSR as business practices involving initiatives
that will benefit the society and also the companies.
Majority of the consumers is in favour on the companies that help to improve the
society. CSR can proceed into a wide range of strategy by donating to charities, providing
training to employees, and/or implement environmental practices. According to Idowu
and Papasolomou (2007) companies can gain enormous benefits like, win new
businesses, enhance the influence of the company in the industry, increase in consumer
retention, gives opportunities to investment and funds and also provide good publicity
that will increase the media interest and opportunities to good ethical business.
Companies also face challenges when implementing CSR such as the unclear
strategy and conflicting priorities on implementing CSR, poor coordination across
functions, and inadequate leadership skills or development of the employee. Also, when
implementation strategies are not adequately designed or do not sufficiently consider
information on different settings and activities . These barriers may lead to difficulties to
the companies when it is poorly implemented.
Therefore, this study would identify the status, impact of implementing CSR to
the companies, ways of development contributed, and barriers or issues that affect CSR.
Conducting this study would then let the selected manufacturing industries to recognize
the value of CSR and the benefit of these in the company and communities. It would help
the company to encourage and continue its activities regarding Corporate Social
Responsibility. Also, conducting this study may give the readers especially business an
idea that implementing CSR would not just help the company increase profits and gain a
good reputation to the society but also companies may help to bring back the importance
of the environment to the society. The data were gathered from companys past and
previous reports, survey questions and interviews.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corporate social responsibility in
selected manufacturing industries in Cavite.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the current status of companies implementing corporate social
responsibility?
2. What is the rate of the impact of implementing a corporate social
responsibility in the company?

3. In what forms does a corporate social responsibility program can contribute in
the development of the community?

4. What are the barriers or issues that affect the corporate social responsibility
program of the companies?
Objectives of the Study
In general, this study aimed to evaluate the corporate social responsibility in
selected manufacturing industries in Cavite.
Specifically it is performed to:
1. determine the current status of companies implementing corporate social
responsibility.
2. determine the impact of implementing a corporate social responsibility to
companies.
3. determine the forms of how a corporate social responsibility program can
contribute in the development of the community.

4. determine the barriers or issues that affect the corporate social responsibility
program of the companies.
Significance of the Study
The study would benefit the following individuals:
To the company. The companies would benefit from this study in
improving the involvement and integration of the company in corporate
social responsibility program that would helped them to attain its goals.
The company might apply the recommendations provided by the
researchers to improve their business.

To the employee. Through this study, it would helped every employee to
develop further their skills and knowledge about the company through
program development.
To the society. This study would benefit the society by giving them the
opportunity to gain knowledge in every activity that the company would
conduct.
To the researchers. Through this study, the researcher would learn further
information and help them to promote the importance of corporate social
responsibility in a certain company through conduct of relevant studies.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study mainly focused in evaluating the corporate social responsibility
programs in selected manufacturing industries in Cavite. Specifically, it would identify
the current status of companies implementing corporate social responsibility. In addition
to this, it would sought to determine the impacts of implementing CSR to the companies.
Also, identify ways of corporate social responsibility contributed in the development of
the community. Furthermore, determined the barriers or issues that affect corporate social
responsibility of the companies.
The gathered data were acquire through the use of a survey questionnaire. The
number of manufacturing industries listed were taken from the Department of Trade and
Industry. The researcher would select manufacturing industries according to the number
of companies computed through the use of stratified random sampling.

Conceptual Framework
Figure 1 presented the flow of the study starting on the input containing the
current status of the company. Then, impact of implementing CSR, corporate social
responsibilitys form of contributing to the development of the community and barriers or
issues affecting CSR of the companies would determine. The process of this research
would use the descriptive analysis that would analyse the gathered data. An evaluation of
corporate social responsibility in selected manufacturing industries would be the output
of the study.
PROCE
INPUT OUTPUT
SS
Current Status of Descriptive Evaluation of
Selected Analysis Corporate Social
Manufacturing Mean Responsibility in
Industries. Standard Selected
Impact of Deviation Manufacturing
implementing CSR Percentage Industries
Form's of CSR in
contributing to the
development
Barriers or issues that
Figure
affect 1.
CSRConceptual framework of evaluation of corporate social responsibility in
selected manufacturing industries.
Definition of Terms
Communities.Is a group of organisms or populations living and interacting with
one another in a particular environment.
Corporate Citizenship. Involves the social responsibility of businesses and the
extent to which they meet legal, ethical and economic responsibilities, as established by
shareholders.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).A business approach that contributes to
sustainable development by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits for
all stakeholders.CSR is a concept with many definitions and practices.
Legitimacy. Is the lawfulness or authenticity of something, or refers to the status
of a child being born to married parents. When you question whether something is lawful
or permitted, this is an example of questioning the legitimacy of the action.
Maintainability. The ease with which a product can be maintained in order to:
isolate defects or their cause, correct defects or their cause, repair or replace faulty or
worn-out components without having to replace still working parts, make future
maintenance easier.
Manufacturing Industry.The branch of manufacture and trade based on the
fabrication, processing, or preparation of products from raw materials and commodities.
This includes all foods, chemicals, textiles, machines, and equipment.
Organization.An entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an
association that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.
Philanthropy.The desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially
by the generous donation of money to good causes.
Stakeholders. Are creditors, directors, employees, government (and its agencies),
owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business
draws its resources.
Sustainability.As the quality of not being harmful to the environment or
depleting natural resources, and thereby supporting long-term ecological balance.

Environmental Policy. It shows the companys overall intensions and direction related to
its environmental performance. It reflects the companys commitment and is formally
expressed by top management.
Social Sustainability.Relates to practices that contribute to the quality of life of
both employees and communities that could be impacted by the companys operations.
Examples of social topics to address include working conditions, non-discrimination,
freedom of association and collective bargaining, health and safety at work, etc.
Leadership.The art of getting someone else to do something you want done
because he wants to do it.
Investment.An asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate
income or will appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the
purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth.
Strategic Vision. A research-based consultancy that helps companies understand
human behaviour and decisions.
Innovation.Implementing new ideas, creating dynamic products or improving
your existing services. Innovation can be a catalyst for the growth and success of your
business, and help you to adapt and grow in the marketplace.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Definition of CSR
As per Global Affairs Canada (2012), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is
characterized as the intentional exercises attempted by an organization to work in a
financial, social and ecologically feasible way. The way that corporate social duty has
been progressively present in today's general public can't be denied (Carroll, 2008).
Corporate social responsibility is the proceeding with duty by business to add to
monetary improvement while enhancing the personal satisfaction of the workforce and
their families and also of the group a culture on the loose, (World Business Council for
Sustainable Development, 2016).
Many definitions of CSR can be found throughout literature. According to Carroll
(2008) one of the first people to articulate a definition on CSR was R. Bowen. Bowen
did this in his book Social Responsibilities of the Businessman in 1953. Previously
mentioned that in those days the term social responsibility (SR) was more often used than
corporate social responsibility (CSR), therefore thats also the term that Bowen used in
his definition. Bowens definition stated the following It (SR) refers to the obligations of
businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of
action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society (Carroll,
2008.
Corporate responsibility is neither simple nor compartmentalized. It requires a
great degree of foresight and vision among all members of the corporation from top
management to rank-and-file workers. And it calls for grounding in reality because
ultimately, corporate responsibility is about action.
State of the Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines
With responses from a sample of 166 business executives from a broad mix of
companies of various sizes and industries, corporate social responsibility in the
Philippines is the first and the most comprehensive research investigation of the CSR
practice in the country in terms of scope and approach to Societal Impact Management
(SIM). Regardless of the size of their company, business executives in the Philippines
see corporate citizenship as a fundamental part of business. Most company managers say
they view corporate citizenship as central to good business practice. 82 per cent of
executives surveyed say that good corporate citizenship helps the bottom line. 59 per cent
say these practices improve the image and reputation of the company, while 53 per cent
say corporate citizenship is important to their customers (Maximiano, 2014).
Every Company Needs a CSR Strategy
The theme of corporate duty has been inscribed under numerous names, including
key generosity, corporate citizenship, social obligation and different monikers. As the
names infer, it conveys a specific point of view on the part of business in the public
arena. Despite the mark, until further notice the overwhelming worldview hidden
corporate social obligation or CSR is focused on making "shared worth." All at once the
thought intends to join the pundits of CSR from the left and the privilege, for the idea of
CSR has had the questionable refinement of being reprimanded by both sides of the
ideological range (Rangan, Chase, and Karim, 2012).
Given the gigantic pull towards CSR, without the going with control, the inquiry
for partnerships is not whether to take part in CSR, but rather what the most ideal route
forward is for making CSR programs that mirror an organization's business values, while
tending to social, compassionate and natural difficulties. Considering the numerous
dissimilar drivers of CSR inside an organization, and the wide range of inspirations
fundamental to the different activities, it discover its naive to anticipate that an
organization will by one means or another weave this together and consolidate it as a
major aspect of business technique (Rangan, Chase, and Karim, 2012).
The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility
The elements driving organizations to seek after a CSR motivation are genuinely
predictable over the corporate world; nonetheless, once an organization settles on the
choice to receive CSR oriented exercises, an arrangement (including a great deal of
engagement with workers, chiefs, providers, NGOs and others) must be executed to
complete the concurred CSR program (Financier Worldwide Magazine, 2015)
Social responsibility is essential to a business since it shows to both customers
and the media that the organization appreciates more extensive social issues that have no
immediate effect on net revenues. These issues might be neighbourhood, national or
worldwide, however a sympathy toward the well-being and health of others that does not
include deals can be viewed as praiseworthy if done well.

Consequently, proof of a sound social duty arrangement can affect purchasing choices
where clients try to make a moral buy. This, thus, can prompt more prominent benefits
for a business. In any case, fabricating a very respected and dependable notoriety is more
profitable in this occurrence, and eyewitnesses value that social obligation activities set
aside opportunity to set up and oversee.
Moreover, being a piece of a plan that helps hindered individuals or those
generally in need can support assurance for workers inside the dependable organization.
Alongside different techniques for resolve boosting, this can prompt more prominent
efficiency among the workforce. Information that an item and administration impacts
social causes can be a honest to goodness pleasure to representatives, clients and
entrepreneurs alike. After some time, the business commitment to a philanthropy, cause
or group can be a lot of altruistic assets, item gifts or different endeavors.
At the point when the significance of social obligation is perceived as a feature of
a business' establishment, the effect of such attempts can have groundbreaking results for
beneficiaries of help and, similarly, impart a feeling of pride in the general population
who support and work toward its development. A business can develop with or without
social obligation, however doing useful for others permits a business to receive benefits
from multiple points of view (Investopedia, 2015).
Benefit of Corporate Social Responsibility
At its heart, corporate social responsibility is around an association assuming
liability for the effects of its choices and exercises on all parts of society, the group and
the earth. Corporate Social Responsibility is more than simply giving cash or printing
twofold sided to spare trees, it's about adding to the wellbeing and welfare of society,
working straightforwardly and morally. All the more significantly, along these lines of
working ought to be inserted in the business, as opposed to a bit of hindsight. Here are a
portion of the advantages of CSR: the ability to have positive impact in the community; it
supports public value outcomes; it supports being an employer of choice; it encourages
both professional and personal development; and it enhances relationships with clients
(Muir, 2015).
Corporate Social Responsibility has many benefits that can be applied to any
business, in any region and at a minimal cost: improved a financial performance; enhance
brand image and reputation; increased sales and customers loyalty; increased ability to
attract and retain employees; reduced regulatory oversized; and easier access to capital
(Global Affairs Canada, 2012).
Some Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility are as follows:
Improve financial performance. A recent longitudinal Harvard University study has
found out that stakeholder balanced companies showed four times the growth rate and
eight times employment growth when compared to companies that focused only on
shareholders and profit maximation.
Enhanced brand image and reputation. A company considered socially responsible can
benefit both by its enhanced reputation with the public, as well as its reputation within the
business community, increasing a companys ability to attract capital and trading
partners.
Increased sales and customer loyalty. A number of studies have suggested a large and
growing market for the products and services of companies perceived to be socially
responsible. While businesses must first satisfy customers key buying criteria such as
price, quality, appearance, taste, availability, safety and convenience.
Increased ability to attract and retain employees. Companies perceived to have strong
CSR commitments often find it easier to recruit employees, particularly in tight labour
markets. Retention levels may be higher too, resulting to reduction in turnover and
associated recruitment and training costs.
Reduced regulatory oversight. Companies that demonstrate engaging in practices that
satisfy and go beyond regulatory compliance requirements are being given less scrutiny
by both national and local government entities (One for All CSR, 2017).
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational stability
Corporate social responsibility is the concept that a business needs to be
concerned with more than just a profit. Protecting the environment is one aspect of social
responsibility, another is making an effort to address social problems.
Customer Retention.Consumers may choose to not do business with companies that
have a reputation for being socially irresponsible. Conversely, businesses that show a
commitment to the community and the environment can attract customers who share
these values. The good the company does is part of the perceived value of its products
and services and can result in higher customer satisfaction. These satisfied customers are
likely to continue to do business with the company. Thus, a stable, loyal customer base is
a valuable asset.
Access to Funding.Capital often is needed to launch a company, and several capital
infusions may be needed later on to fund expansion plans. Capital can be viewed as a
mechanism to ensure organizational stability in the sense that it helps the business owner
make continued progress toward achieving his long-range growth objectives. Investors
look at the ethical and social standards exhibited by a business when deciding whether to
commit capital to the company. Some investors focus exclusively on companies that have
a demonstrable track record of social responsibility.
Employee Recruitment.A small company must create a stable workforce by retaining its
top talent and not losing these individuals to competitors. The company also must
compete to acquire the best talent. Younger members of the workforce in particular have
grown up in an era of heightened awareness of environmental protection, and a
companys commitment to the environment and to society can be a significant, even
determining, factor in whether they elect to join an organization
Positive Image.Companies that have ethical lapses such as ignoring environmental
regulations or standards for how employees should be treated can suffer damage to their
reputation when these lapses come to light in traditional or social media. A companys
image affects its relationship with all of its stakeholders, and remaking a companys
troubled image into one of stability -- sometimes referred to as damage control -- can take
time and draw managerial resources from the important tasks of building the company.
Customers who leave because they do not approve of the companys image can be
difficult to win back (Brian Hill, 2017).
Stable Cash Flow. Fines and penalties assessed by the government for lack of regulatory
compliance and lawsuits from customers due to product defects or from employees due to
unsafe working conditions can be costly to a small business. Cash flow is the lifeblood of
a company, allowing it to meet its obligations such as payroll and to fund marketing and
business development programs. Ethical, socially responsible companies can avoid the
cost of litigation and other problems that could have a negative effect on the companys
cash position. Maintaining a stable cash flow keeps the company on its growth track
Issues or barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Philippines
In the overall dialog of corporate social duty (CSR), much consideration is being
given to urban communities and nations on the ascent. Rapidly creating countries and
metropolitan regions have chance to become economically in ways that created territories
can't. The world is viewing: for lessons in maintainability, for new players in the green
economy, for market openings and for the following arrangement of clues on how best to
make an effectively economical society. The condition of corporate social duty in the
Philippines has been evaluated as something like cheerful, yet creating (Taylor, 2013).
The current year's study caught how the CSR push has not been coming just from
the top administration official however from far up. Family proprietors, once in a while
the whole top managerial staff, guided the whole association to take part in CSR. By and
large, the load up chiefs and administration administrators started or acquainted CSR with
the whole association 83% of the time (Rimando, 2012).
Table 1. Common barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation.

COMMON BARRIERS EXPLANATION
Lack of stakeholder awareness In developing nations, the unhealthy
establishment of CSR and lack of ethical
awareness keeps the stakeholders uninformed
as to CSR implementation.
In order to practice CSR, managers,

employees and all other individuals in the
Lack of training organization should have relevant training to
foster a strategic implementation of CSR.
Table 1. continued
Lack of information Because CSR is potentially difficult to define,
acquiring relevant information regarding CSR
presents challenges and slows down effective
implementation.
Financial constraints Due to the lack of financial support,
organizational managers find that
implementing CSR cannot fit their budgets;
the initial investment cost is too high.
Lack of customer awareness Customers are more likely to go for

economical profit rather than quality and
other societal parameters. This motivates the
manufacturers to focus on profits only.
Lack for concern for reputation While some well-equipped organizations are
aware of the importance of their industrys
reputation and its impact on competitive
advantage, some small scale and developing
organizations do not realize the value of their
reputation. As a result, they are not motivated
to implement CSR.
Lack of regulations and standards Unlike EU and US, the rules and laws are not
very clearly established in the developing
countries, which freely allows the
stakeholders to avoid the CSR.
Diversity CSR has multi faces, which change from
origin to origin, nation to nation and so on.
This diversity restricts the practitioners from
understanding how to implement the CSR
based on their origin.
Company culture Some organizations, relying on old company

culture, are resistant to changing to new
strategies like CSR
Lack of social audit Lack of social audit is one of the barriers for
CSR which allows the stakeholders to be
exempt from CSR reporting.
Lack of top management Some of the top level managers only focus on
commitment financial profit rather than societal benefit.
Source: Evaluation of Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility Using an Analytical Hierarchy Process
under a Fuzzy Environment (LixinShen, KannanGovindan, and Madan Shankar, 2015).
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed the research methodology used in this study. It explained
the description of the research design, the sources of data, the explanation of the sample
selection, and the description of the procedure used in designing the instrument and
collecting the data.
Research Design
This study utilized a descriptive type of study as a research design using survey
questionnaire concerning in the corporate social responsibility of the selected
manufacturing industries in Cavite.

Sources of Data
The researchers utilized a survey questionnaire from selected manufacturing
companies in gathering the main sources of data where HR supervisors or immediate
superior whos knowledgeable about the CSR programs as the participants.
The secondary source of data were from City/Municipal Planning and
Development Office, Province of Cavite in which the companies were categorized by
industry. From then, due to large number of participants, the researchers decided to
choose two participants in every industries.
Table 2. List of the Industries and Number of Establishments

NUMBER OF
INDUSTRY BY PRODUCT INDUSTRIAL
ESTABLISHMENT
Food and Beverages 35
Textile, wearing apparel and leather industry 78
Wood & wood products, including furniture & 14
fixture
Paper & paper products, including printing & 29
publishing
Chemicals and chemical, coal, rubber and plastic 116
Non-metallic mineral products 54
Basic metal industry 42
Fabricated metal products, machinery & equipment 118
Electronics & electrical, parts & telecommunication 134
Agri-business, livestock & poultry 38
Services 148
Total 806
Source: Department of Planning and Development, Province of Cavite
Other sources of data were from article, journal and books found on the internet
regarding on the corporate social responsibility.
Sample Size Determination
1). Slovins formula was used to determine the number of participants.
N
n= (1)
1+(Ne 2 )
806
n= 2
1+(8065 )
n=267 partipants
Where:
n = number of samples
N = total population
e = 5% margin of error
In determining the number of selected manufacturing industries, stratified random
sampling was also used:
N1
n= ( n1)
N
(2
12
n= (267)
806
n=4 selected manufacturing industries
Where:
N1
= sample size of stratum
N= total population size

n1
= total sample size
Due to large number of participants, the researchers decided to decrease the
sample size to two participants in each manufacturing industries. Therefore, a total of 22
participants answered the survey questionnaires.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers useda survey questionnaire in gathering the data of the companies
with a letter signed by the thesis adviser. Afterward, the survey questionnaires were
distributed in the selected manufacturing industries. HR supervisor or any immediate
superior in the company answered the survey questionnaire. Retrieved survey
questionnaires were kept confidential and have undergo statistical treatment. Company
names and other identification would not be disclosed.

Research Instrument
The researcher useda survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was drawn out from
the article readings, research related to the study and from other literature.
The survey questionnaire included the company name, position of the
participants, address, and contact details for identification purposes but nonetheless name
and/or other identification would not be disclosed. Survey questionnaire was divided into
four parts which it answered the objectives of the study. First, a modified questions
regarding the current status of corporate social responsibility in the company. Second, the
impact of implementing corporate social responsibility to the companies.Third, the
corporate social responsibilitys form of contributing to the community.Lastly, the
barriers or issues that affect corporate social responsibility programs of the company.
Data Analysis and Statistical Treatment
The researchers utilized a descriptive analysis which includes descriptive statistics
which measures the central tendency such as mean that was used to describe the gathered
data.
The following were the statistical formula used in the analysis of data gathered by
the researchers:
Descriptive Statistics:
Mean

= i=1 (3)
n
Where:
= mean
f = frequency
x = weight of the mean
n = number of participants
= sigma sign for summation process
The standard deviation was used to determine the dispersion of the data collected.
Standard Deviation Formula:

N
s= ( x1 xx ) (4)
i=0
Where:
s= standard deviation
x = mean of frequency distribution
x1
= total observation
N= number of observation
Percentage:
The descriptive analysis percentage was used to determine the percentage of the
answers in each questions.

= ( Nn )100 (5)
Where:
%= percentage
n= number of observation
N= total number of observation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The result of the gathered data was presented in this chapter which aimed to
evaluate the corporate social responsibility of the selected manufacturing industries in
Cavite. The researchers also presents the interpretation of all the gathered data.
The researchers distribute the twenty-two survey questionnaires in the different
industries. Since the researcher have decided to minimize the sample size of the
participants into two per industry, the researchers make sure that all of the participants
have corporate social responsibility programs or activities in their organization.
As the researcher start to distribute the questionnaire in every companies in
different parts of Cavite, some of the participants answered the survey but kept the
company profile as hidden due to confidentiality of the information. However, only
fourteen of the questionnaires was retrieved from the participants.
Moreover, most of the participants in this study has greater than 250 workers or
employees in their organization and the companys allocation of funds for corporate
social responsibility activities depends upon the boards decision.
Current Status of Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility
Table 3 presents the result of the survey regarding the allocation of funds
for corporate social responsibility implementation. Particularly, the majority of the
participants were somewhat agreed of having separate allocation of funds for corporate
social responsibility implementation. While, 18.2% of the participants stated that they do
not have a separate allocation of funds for corporate social responsibility.Based on the
analysis of data, many industries in Cavite havent realized the importance of corporate
social responsibility in their business growth and strategies.
Table 3.Allocation of Funds for corporate social responsibility Implementation

SCALE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Strongly Agree 1 4.54%
Agree 8 36.4%
Somewhat Agree 9 40.91%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Strongly Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Mode: Somewhat Agree
Mode of Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility
Table 4 presents the result of the survey regarding with the implementation of
corporate social responsibility initiatives by organizing charity events every year.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that their organization
implement corporate social responsibility programs by organizing charity events every
year. While, 9.1% of the participants stated that their organization did not implement
corporate social responsibility programs by organizing charity events every year.
Table 4.Organizing charity events every year.

Strongly Agree 4 18.2 %
Agree 5 22.7%
Somewhat Agree 11 50%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
corporate social responsibility programs by giving financial support directly to
community. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed on giving
financial support directly to community as their corporate social responsibility program.
While, 4.6% of the participants stated that they either disagree or strongly disagree on
giving financial support directly to community.
Table 5.Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives by giving financial

support directly to community.
Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Strongly Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
corporate social responsibility programs through voluntary organizations. Particularly, the
majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that they implement corporate social
responsibility program through voluntary organization. While 9.1% of the participants do
not implement corporate social responsibility programs through voluntary organizations.
Table 6.Through voluntary organizations.

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
corporate social responsibility programs by funding to government. Particularly, majority
of the participants were somewhat agreed that they implement corporate social
responsibility programs by funding to government. While, 9.1% of the participants stated
that they do not implement corporate social responsibility by funding to government.
Table 7. Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives by funding to

government
Strongly Agree 0 0
Agree 4 18.2%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
corporate social responsibility by giving financial support to community based
organizations. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that
their organization implement corporate social responsibility programs by giving financial
support to community based organizations. While 18.2% of the participants stated that
they do not give financial support to community based organizations.
Table 8. Giving financial support to community based organizations.

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Table 9 presents the results regarding implementation of corporate social
responsibility programs through companys corporate social responsibility project
management. Particularly, the majority of the participants stated that they either agreed or
somewhat agreed that they corporate social responsibility programs through companys
corporate social responsibility project management. While, 13.6% of the participants
stated that they do not have corporate social responsibility project management in their
corporate social responsibility programs.
Table 9. Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives through corporate social

responsibility project management.
Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree and Somewhat Agree
Summary of Mode of Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility
Figure 2 shows the summary of mode of implementing corporate social
responsibility programs. Particularly, 54.6% of the participants implement corporate
social responsibility programs by funding to government. Funding to government was
designed to promote corporate social responsibility. It is a fund offered to the
organization with the support of the government. Promoting rural sports, nationally
recognized sports, setting up homes and hostels for women, orphans and senior citizens
and measures to reduce inequalities faced by socially and economically backward groups
and support to technology incubators in academic institutions have also been included in
the corporate social responsibility activities (Remya Nair, 2014).
Through our own CSR p roject management 40.90%
By giving financial sup port to community based organizations 45.50%
Funding to government 54.60%
Through voluntary organizations 40.10%
By giving financial supp ort directly to community 45.50%
By organizing charity events every year 50.00%
10% 30% 50% 70% 90%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Figure 2. Summary of the mode of implementing corporate social responsibility programs

Actions Used in Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility
The table 10 presents the descriptions of actions used in implementing corporate
social responsibility. These actions used were important to business in seeking
themselves and their companies in the practices of being socially responsible
organizations.
Table 10.Description of actions used in implementing corporate social responsibility

ITEMS DESCRIPTION
Ethic Code The principles and expectations governing
the behavior of individuals and
organizations in the conduct of internal
auditing. It describes the minimum
requirements for conduct, and behavioral
expectations rather than specific activities.
Intangible budget is an identifiable long

Social budget, intangible budget term assets of a company including
goodwill patents, copyrights etc. Social
budget is an economic idea that refers to
the connections between individuals
Table 10. Continued . . .

The first auditable standard, suitable
Ethic Certification SA800 (Social for organizations of all sizes anywhere
Accountability) in the world, and provides a framework
for assuring all of your stakeholders
that social accountability is being
stewarded by your management.
Certification CSC900T (Chinese Social An industry-specific management system
Compliance for Textile and Apparel for social compliance in Chinas textile
Industry) and apparel sector. It is based on Chinese
laws and regulations and relevant
international conventions.
Certification EMAS (Eco-Management A premium management instrument
and Audit Scheme) developed by the European Commission
for companies and other organizations to
evaluate, report, and improve their
environmental performance.
Cause related marketing social The marketing of a for-profit product or

business which benefits a nonprofit
partnership charity or supports a social cause in some
way.
Business foundation A certificate program designed to give

undergraduate students of any discipline a
fundamental background in business.
Table 11 presents the results regarding the corporate social responsibility actions
using ethic code. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that
they use ethic code as their corporate social responsibility actions. While 9.1% of the
participants stated that they do not used ethic code as their corporate social responsibility
actions.
Table 11. Ethic Code

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
Table 12 presents the results of the survey regarding with corporate social
responsibility actions using social budget, intangible capital budget. Particularly, the
majority of the participants somewhat agreed that their organization used social budget
and intangible capital budget as their corporate social responsibility actions. While, 4.6%
of the participants were strongly disagree that they used social budget and intangible
budget.
Table 12. Social budget, intangible capital budget

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
Table 13 presents the results of the survey regarding with the corporate social
responsibility actions using ethic certification SA800. Particularly, the majority of the
participants were somewhat agreed that their organization used ethic certification SA800.
While9.1% of the participants stated that they do not used ethic certification SA800.
Table 13.Ethic certification SA800.

Agree 1 4.6%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 14 presents the results of the survey regarding with the corporate social
responsibility actions using certification CSC9000T. Particularly, the majority of the
participants were somewhat agreed that their organization used certification CSC9000T
as their corporate social responsibility action. While, 13.6% of the participants stated that
they either disagree or strongly disagree that they use certification CSC9000T.
Table 14. Certification CSC9000T

Agree 4 18.2%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 15 presents the result of the survey regarding the corporate social
responsibility actions using certification EMAS. Particularly, the majority of the
participants were somewhat agreed that their organization used certification EMAS as
their corporate social responsibility action. While 22.7% of the participants stated that
they do not used certification EMAS.
Table 15. Certification EMAS

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%
Table 16 presents the result of the survey regarding with the corporate social
responsibility actions using cause-related marketing social partnership. Particularly, the

majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that their organization used cause-
related marketing social partnership. While 9.1% of the participants stated that they do
not used cause-related marketing social partnership.
Table 16. Cause-related marketing social partnership

Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
Table 17 presents the result of the survey regarding with the corporate social
responsibility actions using business foundation. Particularly, the majority of the
participants were somewhat agreed that their organization used business foundation as
their corporate social responsibility actions. While 18.2% of the participants stated that
they do not used business foundation.
Table 17. Business foundation

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Summary of the Corporate Social Responsibility Actions used in an Organization
Figure 3 presents the result of the survey regarding with corporate social
responsibility actions used in an organization. Particularly, the majority of the participants
used cause-related marketing through social partnership, certification EMAS and ethic
code in their corporate social responsibility programs. In fact, Cause related marketing is
a very popular corporate social responsibility strategy that provides great opportunities to
organizations in terms of enhancing corporate reputation, brand awareness, customer
loyalty and press coverage. While, Certification EMAS help those organizations who
wants to improved transparency around environment issues and development their
relationships with suppliers, customers, regulators, and stakeholders. Lastly, ethic code
was also important in an organizations to promote ethical behavior not just to enhance
productivity, profits or public relations.

Figure 3. Corporate Social Responsibility Actions used
Business foundation 40.9%
Cause related marketing social partnership 54.6%
Certification EMAS 45.5%
Certifiction CSC900T 45.5%
Ethic Cetification SA800 54.6%
Social Budget, intangible capital budget 40.9%
Ethic Code 54.6%
10.0% 30.0% 50.0% 70.0% 90.0%

0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% 80.0% 100.0%
Target Groups Covered of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives People living

in the nearby industry
Table 18 presents the result of the survey regarding with people living in the
nearby industry. Particularly, the majority of the participants agreed that their
organization select people living in the nearby industry as their target group for corporate
social responsibility program. While, 4.6% of the participants stated that they do not
select people living in the nearby industry.
Table 18. People living in the nearby industry

Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Table 18 continued..
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 19 presents the result of the survey with regards to the target groups
selected in consultation with Non-Government Organizations. Particularly, the majority
of the participants agreed that selected in consultation with Non-Government
Organizations was their target group for corporate social responsibility program while
4.6% of the participants disagreed.
Table 19. Selected in consultation with non-government organizations

Agree 10 45.5%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 20 presents the result of the survey regarding with the random selection of
area or community. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed
that random selection of area or community was their target groups for corporate social
responsibility programs. While, 18.2% of the participants disagreed.
Table 20. Random selection of area or community

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Table 21 presents the result of the survey regarding with the tribal people in any
part of country. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that
tribal people in any part of the country was their target group for corporate social
responsibility program. While, 13.6% of the participants stated that either they were
disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 21. Tribal people in any part of country

Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 22 presents the result of the survey regarding with the tribal people in rural
areas. Particularly, 23.8% of the participants agreed that they select tribal people in rural
areas as their target group for corporate social responsibility program. While the majority
of the participants stated that they either somewhat agreed or disagreed.One of the 22
participants leave the question unanswered.
Table 22. Tribal people in rural areas

Agree 5 23.8%
Disagree 6 28.6%
Total 21 100%
Mode: Somewhat Agree or Disagree
Figure 4 presents the target group covered in corporate social responsibility
initiatives in an organization. The average mean of the participants answered agree that
people living in nearby industry was their target group in their corporate social
responsibility activities.
Tribal people living in any rural areas 28.60%
Tribal people in any part of the country 40.90%
Ramdom selection of area or community 40.90%
Selected consultation with NGO's 40.90%
People living in the nearby industry 40.90%
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00%
Figure 4. Target groups covered in corporate social responsibility initiatives

Main Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility
Table 23 presents the result of the survey regarding with enhancing
corporatereputation. Particularly, 40.9% of the participants were either agreed or
disagreed that corporate social responsibility program may enhance corporate reputation
of their organization. While none of the participants were disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 23. Enhancing corporate reputation

Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 24 presents the results of the survey regarding with improving relations
with suppliers, institutions, donors and community. Particularly, the majority of the
participants were somewhat agreed that corporate social responsibility program may
improve their relations with suppliers, institutions, donors, and community. While, none
of the participants were disagreed or strongly disagreed
Table 24. Improving relations with suppliers, institutions, donors, community

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 25 presents the result of the survey regarding with strengthening the sense
of employee. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that
corporate social responsibility program may strengthen the sense of the employee. While
4.6% of the participants strongly disagreed.
Table 25. Strengthening the sense of employee.

Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 26 presents the result of the survey regarding with the increase of the
efficiency. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that
corporate social responsibility program may increase the efficiency of their organization.
While, 4.6% of the participants strongly disagreed that it may increase the efficiency of
their organization.
Table 26. Increase of the efficiency.

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 27 presents the results of the survey regarding with the acquisition of
commercial benefits. Particularly, the majority of the participants agreed that corporate
social responsibility programs may gain commercial benefits for their organization.
While 4.6% of the participants were either disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 27. Acquisition of commercial benefits.

Agree 12 54.6%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 27 presents the results of the survey regarding with the identification of
reputational risks.. Particularly, the majority of the participants somewhat agreed that
corporate social responsibility programs may identify reputational risks for their
organization. While 4.6% of the participants were either disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 28. Identification of reputational risk

Scale Frequenc Percentag
y e
Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 29 presents the results of the survey regarding with the better access to
credit. Particularly, the majority of the participants somewhat agreed that corporate social
responsibility programs may have better access to credit for their organization. While 3 of
the participants were either disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 29. Better access to credit

y e
Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
The figure 5 represents the main benefit of the adoption of measures for social
responsibility. Majority of the participants agreed that their main benefit of the adoption
of measure for social responsibility is improving relations with suppliers, institutions,
donors and community. In fact, customers, stakeholders, suppliers and communities
chose those organizations that contribute in the community and environment.

3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
Figure 5. Main benefit of the adoption of measures for social responsibility
Problem Related to the Development Initiatives in the Field of Social Responsibility
Table 30 presents the presents the results of the survey regarding with lack of
knowledge as an impact of corporate social responsibility. Particularly, the majority of the

participants somewhat agreed that lack of knowledge is an impact of corporate social
responsibility. While 8 of the participants were either disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 30. Lack of knowledge

y e
Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%
institution assistance as an impact of corporate social responsibility. Particularly, the
majority of the participants somewhat agreed that lack of institution assistance is an
impact of corporate social responsibility. While 8 of the participants were either disagreed
or strongly disagreed.
Table 31. Lack of institution assistance

y e
Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%
specific legislation on corporate social responsibility as an impact of corporate social
responsibility. Particularly, the majority of the participants somewhat agreed that lack of
specific legislation on corporate social responsibility is an impact of corporate social
responsibility. While 5 of the participants were either disagreed or strongly disagreed.
Table 32. Lack of specific legislation on corporate social responsibility

y e
Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 33 present the survey results with regards to the problem related to the
development of the initiatives in the field of social responsibility. The result indicate that
Almost half of the participating companies somewhat agreed that business benefit not
immediate were the problem relates to the development. While 4 of the participants were
disagree.
Table 33. Business benefits not immediate

Scale Frequency Percentage
Agree 4 18.2%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Almost half of the participating companies somewhat agreed that high cost were the
problem related to the development. While 5 of participants were disagree.

Table 34. High costs
y e
Agree 3 13.6%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%
Almost half of the participating companies somewhat agreed that lack of corporate skill
were the problem related to the development. While 5 of the participants were disagree.
Table 35. Lack of corporate skill

y e
Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Table 36 present the survey results with regards to the problem related to the little
impact on social and environmental business in the field of social responsibility. The
result indicates that almost half of the participating companies somewhat agreed that little
impact on social and environmental business is a problem related to the development.
While 9 of the participants were disagree.
Table 36. Little impact on social and environmental business

y e
Agree 4 18.2%
Disagree 8 36.4%
Total 22 100%
almost half of the participating companies agreed that few interest of the company were
the problem related to the development. While 2 of the participants disagreed.
Table 37. Few interest of the company

y e
Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
The figure 6 present the result of the survey with regards to the problem related to
the development of social responsibility. Most of the participants agreed that business
benefits was not immediate was the problem related in developing of social
responsibility. Because top management whos in charge in corporate social responsibility
programs were incompetent in providing the benefits for corporate social responsibility
programs.
3.3
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
Figure 6. Problem related to the development of social responsibility
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Stability
Table 38 present the impact of corporate social responsibility on organization
stability. The result indicate that almost half of the participating companies somewhat
agreed that customer retention were the impact in corporate social responsibility on
organization stability. While 3 of the participants were disagree
Table 38. Customer Retention

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
agreed that access to funding were the impact in corporate social responsibility on org
stability. While 3 of the participants were disagree.
Table 39. Access to funding

Strongly Agree 0 0
Agree 4 18.2%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
agreed that employee recruitment were the impact in corporate social responsibility on
organization stability. While 2 of the participants were disagreed.
Table 40. Employee Recruitment

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
stability. The result indicates that almost half of the participating companies agreed that
positive image were the impact in corporate social responsibility on organization stability.
While 3 of the participants were disagree.
Table 41. Positive Image

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Stable cash flow Table 42 presents the impact of corporate social responsibility on
organization stability. The result indicate that almost half of the participating companies
somewhat agreed that stable cash flow were the impact in corporate social responsibility
on organization stability. While 3 of the participants were disagree .
Table 42. Stable Cash flow

Frequency Percentage
Scale
Agree 2 9.9%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
The figure 7 represents the result of the survey regarding to the impact of
corporate social responsibility on organizational stability. Majority of the participants
agreed that corporate social responsibility programs may affect the positive image of the
organization. As a result, if the organization ignores their ethical responsibility in helping
the community, environment and also their employee will damaged their reputation to
business. It is more important to consider the welfare of the people in the surroundings.
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 4.09
3.38 3.48
1.5 2.95 3.05
1
0.5
0
Figure 7. Impact of corporate social responsibility on Organizational Stability
Table 43 present the result of the survey regarding if participating companies
really respond to the development needs, concerns and priorities of workers, communities
and firms in developing countries. It indicates that majority of the participants has agreed
that corporate social responsibility program/ activities really respond to the development
needs. While other participating companies stated that they don't really participants.
Table 43. Corporate Social Responsibility program/activities really respond to the

development needs, concerns and priorities of workers, communities and firms in
developing countries
Agree 11 50%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
The figure 8 presents the respond of corporate social responsibility activities in
the communities in which 50% of the participants were somewhat agreed on responding
to the development needs, concerns and priorities of workers, communities and firms in
developing countries.
14%
36%
50%
Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Agree

Disagree Strongly Diagree
Figure 8. Respond of Corporate Social Responsibility activities in the communities
The table 44 shows the description of the benefits of corporate social
responsibility in the community. A commitment to corporate social responsibility will
help the community that surrounds the corporation, for example, giving donations to
charities or employee volunteer for community-building non-profits.
Table 44. Description of corporate social responsibility benefit in the community
ITEMS DESCRIPTION
Any contribution that a company makes to
charities, education, science, arts, literacy,
Charitable contributions
religion, etc.
Where staff donate time and skills during
work hours to tackle local social issues, is
Employee volunteer
an effective and powerful way for
businesses to invest in their people and
local communities.
Corporate involvement in community A long standing corporate objective where
education, employment and in companys contribute in a wide range
homelessness programs of charitable programs and events.
Product safety and quality Make sure that the companys product
meet or exceed the customer satisfaction.
Table 45 presents the result of the survey with regards to the benefits of corporate
social responsibility in the community. The results indicate that half of the total
population of the participating companies are agreed that charitable contributions are the
benefits of corporate social responsibility in the community.
Table 45. Charitable contributions.

y e
Agree 10 45.5%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 46 presents the result of the survey with regards to the benefits of corporate
social responsibility in the community. It indicates that majority of the participating

companies has agreed that employee volunteer programs are the benefits of csr in the
community. While 4.55% were disagreed.
Table 46. Employee volunteer programs

Agree 11 50%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 47 shows the result of the survey with regards to the benefit of corporate
social responsibility in the community. It indicates that majority of the participants agreed
that corporate involvement in the community education, employment and homelessness
programs are the benefits of corporate social responsibility in the community. While 2 of
the total population of the participants disagreed that corporate involvement in the
community education, employees and homelessness programs were benefits of corporate
social responsibility in the community.
Table 47. Corporate involvement in community education, employment and

homelessness programs.
Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 48 presents the result of the survey with regards to the benefits of CSR in
the community. It indicates that almost half of the participants agreed that the product
safety and quality are the benefits of corporate social responsibility in the community.
While 2 of the total population of the participants were disagree.
Table 48. Product safety and quality

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
Figure 9 presents the result of the survey regarding in the benefits of corporate
social responsibility in the community. Majority of the participants agreed that employee
volunteer programs may benefit in the community by means of volunteerism. Since,
employee volunteer programs has a significant impact in the community, it has also a
greater impact on improving employees skills and job satisfaction. Because volunteerism
may help the employee develop their attitudes and manners in the workplace and towards
others.
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3 3.71
3.2 3.57 3.5
3.1 3.21
3
2.9
Figure 9. Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility in the community
Table 49 presents the result of the survey with regards to the donation to
organizations having social or environmental utility as an action toward community in
which the companies operate. It indicates that more than half of the participants agreed
that the donation to organizations having social or environmental utility is the
participants action toward their respective community. While 1 of the total population of
the participants was disagree.
Table 49. Donation to organizations having social or environmental utility

Agree 11 50%
Somewhat Agree 7 31.85
Disagree 1 4.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 50 presents the result of the survey with regards to the sponsorship of sport
and cultural events as an action toward community in which the companies operate. It
indicates that more than half of the participants agreed that the sponsorship of sport and
cultural events is the participants action toward their respective community. While 1 of
the total population of the participants was disagree.
Table 50. Sponsorship of sport and cultural events

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 51 presents the result of the survey with regards to the cause related
marketing campaign as an action toward community in which the companies operate. It
indicates that more than half of the participants agreed that the cause related marketing
campaign is the participants action toward their respective community. While 4 of the
total population of the participants was disagree.
Table 51. Cause Related Marketing campaign

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Table 52 presents the result of the survey with regards to the p artnership projects of
social solidarity as an action toward community in which the companies operate. It
indicates that more than half of the participants agreed that the p artnership projects of social
solidarity is the participants action toward their respective community. While 4 of the
total population of the participants were disagree.
Table 52. Partnership projects of social solidarity

Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 53 presents the result of the survey with regards to the corporate foundation
as an action toward community in which the companies operate. It indicates that more
than half of the participants agreed that the corporate foundation is the participants action
toward their respective community. While 8 of the total population of the participants
were disagree.
Table 53. Corporate foundation

Agree 10 45.5%
Disagree 4 18.25
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 54 presents the result of the survey with regards to the corporate voluntary as
an action toward community in which the companies operate. It indicates that more than
half of the participants agreed that the corporate voluntary is the participants action
toward their respective community. While 1 of the total population of the participants
were disagree.
Table 54. Corporate voluntary

Agree 13 59.1%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Table 55 presents the result of the survey with regards to the Tribal people living in
rural areas as an action toward community in which the companies operate. It indicates
that more than half of the participants agreed that the Tribal people living in rural areas is
the participants action toward their respective community. While 9 of the total
population of the participants were disagree.
Table 55. Tribal people living in rural areas

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Mode: Agree
Figure 10 presents the results of the survey regarding in corporate social
responsibility actions towards community. Majority of the participants agreed that they
give donations to the organizations having social or environmental utility which was a
good corporate actions towards community. Because it will served as a repayment in the
environment and community since, they may contribute in the damaged of the
environment that will affected the community.
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 3.73 3.68
1.5 3.14 3.27 3.36 3.27
2.77
1
0.5
0
Figure 10. Actions towards community
Barriers or Issues of Corporate Social Responsibility in an Organization
Table 56 presents the result of the survey regarding with lack of stakeholder
awareness. Particularly, the majority of the participants stated that either they were agree
or disagree that lack of stakeholder awareness can cause issues or barriers in corporate
social responsibility of the organization while 22.7% of the participants disagreed.
Table 56. Lack of stakeholder awareness

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%

Table 57 presents the result of the survey regarding with lack of training.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that lack of training
can cause barriers or issues on corporate social responsibility of the company while 9.1%
of the participants were disagreed.
Table 57. Lack of training

Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
Table 58 presents the result of the survey regarding with lack of information.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were agreed that lack of information can
cause barriers or issues in corporate social responsibility of the company. While 22.3% of
the participants were disagreed.
Table 58. Lack of information

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 5 22.3%
Total 22 100%
Table 59 presents the result of the survey regarding with financial constraints.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that financial
constraints may cause barriers or issues in corporate social responsibility of the company.
While, 9.1% of the participants were disagreed.
Table 59. Financial constraints

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 2 9.1%
Total 22 100%
Table 60 presents the results of the survey regarding with lack of customer
awareness. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that lack
of customer awareness can cause issues or barriers in corporate social responsibility of
the company. While 13.6% of the participants were disagreed.
Table 60. Lack of customer awareness

Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 61 presents the results of the survey regarding with lack of concern for
reputation. Particularly, 54.6% of the participants were somewhat agreed that lack of
concern for reputation can cause barriers or issues in corporate social responsibility of the
company. While 22.7% of the participants disagreed.
Table 61. Lack of concern for reputation

Agree 3 13.6%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%

Table 62 presents the result of the survey regarding with lack of knowledge.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were agreed that lack of knowledge can
cause barriers or issues in corporate social responsibility of the company.
Table 62. Lack of knowledge

Agree 9 40.9%
Disagree 4 18.2%
Total 22 100%
Table 63 presents the results of the survey regarding with lack of regulations and
standards. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that lack of
regulation and standards can cause barriers or issues in corporate social responsibility of
the company. While 13.6% of the participants disagreed.
Table 63. Lack of regulations and standards

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 64 presents the results of the survey regarding with diversity. Particularly,
the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that diversity may cause barriers
in corporate social responsibility of the company. While 13.6% of the participants
disagreed.
Table 64. Diversity

Agree 3 13.6%
Disagree 3 13.6%
Total 22 100%
Table 65 presents the results of the survey regarding with company culture.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that company culture
can cause barriers in corporate social responsibility of the company. While, 22.7% of the
participants disagreed.
Table 65. Company culture

Agree 6 27.3%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%

Table 66 presents the result of the survey regarding with lack of social audit.
Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that lack of social
audit may cause barriers in corporate social responsibility of the company. While 22.7%
of the participants were disagreed.
Table 66. Lack of social audit

Agree 4 18.2%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%
Table 67 presents the result of the survey regarding with lack of top management
commitment. Particularly, the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that
lack of top management commitment may cause barriers in corporate social
responsibility of the company. While, 22.7% of the participants were disagreed.
Table 67. Lack of top management commitment

Agree 5 22.7%
Disagree 5 22.7%
Total 22 100%
The figure 11 presents the results of the survey regarding in common barriers or
issues of corporate social responsibility. The top three common barriers or issues that
affect in implementing corporate social responsibility are lack of training, lack of
information and lack of financial constraints. In fact, most of the industries in Cavite
were not engaged and not actively participating in corporate social responsibility
programs or activities. The reason was they have to spend money for that activity which
was another expenses for their company and companies intend to know about what is
corporate social responsibility but they do not have plans to do it.
Lack of top management commitment 3.8
Lack of social audit 3.23
Company culture 3.32
Diversity 3.09
Lack of regulations and standards 3.41
Lack of knowledge 3.32
lack of concerns of reputation 3.09
Lack of customers awareness 3.1
Financial Constraints 3.45
Lack of information 3.45
Lack of training 3.5
Lack of stakeholder awareness 3.1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Figure 11. Common Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility
Rationale behind Covering Issues under Corporate Social Responsibility

Table 68 presents the result of the survey regarding with demand from the
community as a rationale behind issues under corporate social responsibility. Particularly,
the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that demand from the community
may be considered as a rationale behind issues under corporate social responsibility while
1 of the participants were disagreed.
Table 68. Demand from the community

Agree 8 36.4%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 69 presents the result of the survey regarding with current relevance of the
issue as a rationale behind issues under corporate social responsibility. Particularly, the
majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that demand from the community may
be considered as a rationale behind issues under corporate social responsibility while
none of the participants disagreed.
Table 69. Current relevance of the issue

Agree 7 31.8%
Disagree 0 0
Total 22 100%
Table 70 presents the result of the survey regarding with the rationale behind
issues under corporate social responsibility as per the organization mandate. Particularly,
the majority of the participants were somewhat agreed that demand from the community
may be considered as a rationale behind issues under corporate social responsibility while
1 of the participants disagreed.
Table 70. As per the organization mandate

Agree 7 31.82%
Disagree 0 0%
Total 22 100%
The figure 12 presents the result of the survey regarding in the rationale behind
covering the mentioned issue under corporate social responsibility in an organizations.
Majority of the participants agreed that their reason behind those issues was as per
organization mandate. Because companies do not give order about corporate social
responsibility programs and they do not have intentions to get involved in any of the
corporate social responsibility activities.

As per organization mandate 45.45%
Current relevance of the issue 59.10%
Demand for the community 40.90%
10.00% 30.00% 50.00% 70.00% 90.00%

0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00%
Figure 12. Rationale behind covering the mentioned issue under corporate social
responsibility in an organization
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations
based on the results of the study.
Summary
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the corporate social responsibility of
the selected manufacturing industries in Cavite. To achieve that goal, it is necessary to
reach the objectives of this research. Current status of CSR program were identified.
Related to the literature of this research, it became important to understand the impact of
CSR, ways on how CSR contribute in the development of the community and also the
barriers or issues that affect CSR of the companies. To provide an accurate measure of
data, constructing a survey questionnaire that is related to the corporate social
responsibility were developed.
A survey questionnaires were disposed to the selected industries in Cavite. Data
and information from the Department of Planning and Development were used as a
respondents of the study. Wherein list of names and addresses of the companies were
listed and organize by industry. Through the use of the survey instrument developed from
this study, data and information were collected. Mean, standard deviation and percentage
were used to analyse and describe the gathered data.
Based on the findings, the selected manufacturing industries in Cavite has CSR
programs in their organization. Majority of the organizations allocate budget for CSR
based on the decision of the top management. However, some of the organizations were
not actively participating in that activities.

Positive and negative response came up on the impact of implementing CSR.
Organizations perceived that the benefit of CSR give an opportunity and risk in their
business. Though they implement CSR, the organization still lack of specific legislation
regarding on the development of initiatives in the field of being socially responsible in
the community and environment. As a result, the impact of CSR on organizational
stability may affect the customer, funds, employee recruitment, positive image and the
stable cash flow of their business.
Moreover, majority of the participants answered that CSR responds to the
development of needs, concerns and priorities of workers, communities and firms. They
provide charitable contributions, employee volunteer programs, corporate involvement
and product safety and quality in the community. Most of the participants donate to
organizations having social and environmental utility.
Lastly, there are barriers and issues of CSR that may encounter in an organization.
In fact, the result of the study shows that lack of knowledge and information about CSR
is the major problem in an organization. In addition, average of the respondents having
issues on stakeholder and customer awareness, training, regulations and standards,
diversity, company culture and social audit.
Conclusions
After all the findings and analysis of data, the following generalization was made.
Therefore, dilemmas came up that companies didnt prioritize being socially
responsible in their stakeholders, communities, customers, and environment. Some of the

company prioritize making profit and balancing the companys profitability disregarding
on how they will enhance their companys social responsibility.
In addition, companies that has CSR activities look forward that it may improve
their relationships to their suppliers, customers, institutions, donors and community.
Nevertheless, organizations rules and regulations on CSR is not enough to maintain their
good corporate citizenship. Because of that, it cause a negative result to the concerns and
needs of community and environment that may affect the positive image of an
organization.
Furthermore, the barriers or issues of CSR in an organization resulted to lack of
customer awareness due to the organization mandate. The organization give orders or
changes to their product that the customers or suppliers are not aware.
Recommendations
After the evaluation of corporate social responsibility in the manufacturing
industries in Cavite, the researchers come up to the following recommendations.
The organizations should get involved in the community whether it is a large or
small businesses. A company that show commitment to the community or environment
attracts suppliers, stakeholders and customers. They more likely trust companies with a
good ethical behaviour and has a social responsibility to the community and environment.
Maintain the standards and regulations of CSR in the organization. Continue
helping the needy especially in the community and environment.

Promote the importance of having a corporate social responsibility in an
organization. Many companies overlooked CSR programs as an expenditure to their
company because it will spend extra employee and cost in organizing that activity.

Evaluation of Corporate Social Responsibility in

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EVALUATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN

SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN CAVITE

ATANGAN, LOIS MARGARET B.

1 Common barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation...............

2 List of the Industries and Number of Establishments...........................................

3 Allocation of Funds for corporate social responsibility Implementation.....................

4 Organizing charity events every year................................................................

5 Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives by giving financial

6 Through voluntary organizations....................................................................

7 Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives by funding to government

8 Giving financial support to community based organizations...................................

9 Implementing corporate social responsibility initiatives through corporate social

10 Description of actions used in implementing corporate social responsibility...............

12 Social budget, intangible capital budget............................................................

13 Ethic certification SA800..............................................................................

18 People living in the nearby industry.................................................................

19 Selected in consultation with non-government organizations..................................

20 Random selection of area or community...........................................................

21 Tribal people in any part of country.................................................................

22 Tribal people in rural areas...........................................................................

23 Enhancing corporate reputation......................................................................

24 Improving relations with suppliers, institutions, donors, community.........................

25 Strengthening the sense of employee...............................................................

26 Increase of the efficiency..............................................................................

27 Acquisition of commercial benefits.................................................................

28 Identification of reputational risk....................................................................

29 Better access to credit..................................................................................

31 Lack of institution assistance.........................................................................

32 Lack of specific legislation on corporate social responsibility.................................

33 Business benefits not immediate.....................................................................

35 Lack of corporate skill.................................................................................

37 Few interest of the company..........................................................................

42 Stable Cash flow........................................................................................

43 Corporate Social Responsibility program/activities really respond to the

44 Description of corporate social responsibility benefit in the community....................

46 Employee volunteer programs.......................................................................

47 Corporate involvement in community education, employment and homelessness

48 Product safety and quality.............................................................................

49 Donation to organizations having social or environmental utility.............................

50 Sponsorship of sport and cultural events...........................................................

51 Cause Related Marketing campaign.................................................................

52 Partnership projects of social solidarity............................................................

55 Tribal people living in rural areas...................................................................

56 Lack of stakeholder awareness.......................................................................

60 Lack of customer awareness..........................................................................

61 Lack of concern for reputation.......................................................................

63 Lack of regulations and standards...................................................................

66 Lack of social audit.....................................................................................

67 Lack of top management commitment..............................................................

68 Demand from the community........................................................................

69 Current relevance of the issue........................................................................

70 As per the organization mandate.....................................................................

1 Conceptual framework of evaluation of corporate social responsibility in

selected manufacturing industries.......................................................................

2 Summary of the mode of implementing corporate social responsibility

3 Corporate Social Responsibility Actions used....................................................

4 Target groups covered in corporate social responsibility initiatives...................

5 Main benefit of the adoption of measures for social responsibility....................

6 Problem related to the development of social responsibility..............................

7 Impact of corporate social responsibility on Organizational Stability................

8 Respond of Corporate Social Responsibility activities in the communities

9 Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility in the community..........................

10 Actions towards community................................................................................