Improvement of treatment plant.

The improvement program provided upgrade to the treatments plant to comply with
current and proposed drinking water regulations to improve the reliability of the
process and to address the rehabilitation need for old facility. The plant improvement
are listed below

1) Conversion from chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite

NaClO is use to remove odor, water disinfection, bleaching and
purification.
When dissolved in water it is commonly known as bleach or liquid
bleach. Sodium hypochlorite is practically and chemically distinct from
chlorine. Sodium hypochlorite is frequently used as a disinfectant or a
bleaching agent.
Bleaching- Household bleach is, in general, a solution containing 38%
sodium hypochlorite and 0.010.05% sodium hydroxide; the sodium
hydroxide is used to slow the decomposition of sodium hypochlorite
into sodium chloride and sodium chlorate.
Stain removal- Sodium hypochlorite in solution exhibits broad spectrum
anti-microbial activity and is widely used in healthcare facilities in a
variety of settings. It is usually diluted in water depending on its
intended use. A weak solution of 2% household bleach in warm water
is used to sanitize smooth surfaces prior to brewing of beer or wine.
Surfaces must be rinsed to avoid imparting flavours to the brew the
chlorinated by products of sanitizing surfaces are also harmful. The
mode of disinfectant action of sodium hypochlorite is similar to that of
hypochlorous acid.
Deodorizing- sodium hypochlorite has deodorizing properties, which go
hand in hand with its cleaning properties.
Reduction of skin damage- Dilute bleach baths have been used for
decades to treat moderate to severe eczema in humans, but it has not
been clear why they work. According to work published by researchers
at the Stanford University School of Medicine in November 2013, a
very dilute (0.005%) solution of sodium hypochlorite in water was
successful in treating skin damage with an inflammatory component
caused by radiation therapy, excess sun exposure or aging in
laboratory mice. Mice with radiation dermatitis given daily 30-minute
baths in bleach solution experienced less severe skin damage and
better healing and hair regrowth than animals bathed in water.
2) Expansion of residuals pumping capacity.
Although, expansion of pumping capacity are sometimes very
expensive one has to consider that they can be generate more water to
the consumers. We have to compare the cost and consumer needed.
 3) Add coal in filtration process.
Carbon filtering is a method of filtering that uses a bed of activated
carbon to remove contaminants and impurities, using chemical
adsorption. Active charcoal carbon filters are most effective at
removing chlorine, sediment, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), taste
and odor from water.

4) Structural improvements to process tanks.

Enlarge the structure of the tanks are will make the treatment plant
supply more water to the consumers. Besides that, the storage will
store more water during the drought seasons.

The water treatments plant improvements provided the high cost but there is a lot of
benefit to the consumers. Why we need to improve the treatment plant because
increasing in population in certain place. For example, the growth of algae in the
dam and also fertilizer from agricultural areas. Besides that, increase in pollution also
cause we need to improve the treatment plant.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, our objective is achieved. Drinking water is very important for

human to live. Water pollution can cause health problem to human and living things.
For example cancer and others type of diseases. Now a days almost all river in
Malaysia are polluted. To overcome this problem, raw water need to be treated to
free from pollutant before supplying to the consumers. Some of the common
chemical use to treat the water in Malaysia is chlorine, lime, alum and fluoride.