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The most heated argument in strength and conditioning today is to crunch or not to
crunch. It's bewildering that this seemingly harmless, short ROM exercise could create
such a rift between so many smart strength and conditioning professionals, yet the great
crunch debate rages on.
At the center is research showing that repeated spinal flexion using cadaveric porcine
spines resulted in herniated discs. This in vitro research seems to indicate that lumbar
flexion is a potent herniating mechanism, and anti-crunch proponents have extrapolated
from the data that humans possess a limited number of flexion cycles throughout their
lifetimes.
Accordingly, they've gone out on a limb and recommended that spinal flexion exercises
such as the crunch be avoided at all costs. While this may seem logical on the surface,
there's more to this topic than meets the eye.
Someone needs to step up and grow some balls and address the 2000-pound gorilla
soiling the carpet. We know dozens of respected strength coaches, physical therapists,
personal trainers, researchers, and professors that all have serious doubts about the danger
of crunches, yet none wish to discuss it out of fear of being chastised.
The line must be drawn here!
Fitness is Religion
Humans have a basic need to fall into camps, rally behind a leader, believe in
supernatural phenomena, and rebel against scientific principles. Throughout history
scientists have been punished for questioning current dogma. Sadly, it's no different in the
fitness industry.
Many fitness professionals have been seeking a culprit for low back pain and jumped
aboard the anti-crunch bandwagon without question. These folks have adopted absurdly
rigid views of the lumbar spine, believing that you should go through life moving this
region as little as possible to spare insult to the spine, to the point of altering normal
biomechanics in daily living.
Taking it a step further, they then intimidate others into jumping on the bandwagon and
get downright emotional when confronted on the topic.
This is the antithesis of scientific thinking. We're just happy that we won't be house-
imprisoned like Galileo for hypothesizing that the Earth wasn't the center of the universe.
After delving into the topic, reviewing the literature, and applying our critical thinking
skills, we've concluded that like every other exercise, a reasonable dose of spinal flexion
exercise is potentially good for you and need not be avoided.
We presented our position in a review paper published in the Strength & Conditioning
Journal and while we won't rehash everything in the article, we do continue to question
the recent "anti-crunch" movement and suggest a plausible alternative theory.
In our journal article we addressed the following issues, which will only be succinctly
summarized below.
For more detailed explanations and citations, we encourage you to pull up the article and
read it in its entirety.
Conclusion
We hope that we've provided you some food for thought and encouraged you to rely on
logic rather than emotion in decision-making involving exercise safety and program
design. An effective practitioner weighs all available evidence and makes appropriate
conclusions in a dispassionate manner, without adhering to rigidly held beliefs.
We believe that future research will help hone in on the safety of the crunch exercise and
determine proper dose responses, but this research needs to be conducted on living
humans and involve pre and post-MRI results with a training intervention that ensures
proper crunch technique