3/1/2017

Session8
ThePracticeofEngineering
HistoryoftheEngineeringProfession.
Regulationofengineering
Continuingprofessionaldevelopment
Disciplinarypowersandprocedures
Technicalsocieties
Basicconceptsofprofessionalpractice

Lecturer:Chan
Text:Ethics chapters14

Note:Unlessotherwisenoted,excerptsfromcoursetextbook,CanadianProfessional
EngineeringandGeoscience,PracticeandEthics,5th ed.,Gord Andrews,Nelson
Education,Toronto,Canada,2014

CourseTextbook Ethics
CanadianProfessional
EngineeringandGeoscience
:PracticeandEthics,Andrews,G,
5th edition,ThomsonNelson,
2014.
Ref:NelsonEducationCanadawww.nelson.com

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Question:EngineeringinCanada
A. IsanOPENprofession withregardstothe
lawsgoverningthepracticeofengineering.
B. IsaCLOSEDprofession withregardstowho
canpracticeengineeringandengineering
services.
C. AnyonecancallthemselvesanEngineer,but
notProfessionalEngineer.
D. IcancallmyselfaConsultingEngineer,as
longasIgetmyP.Eng.

Questions:ProfessionalEngineers
Ontario
A. OnlyhavejurisdictionoverEngineerswith
theirP.Eng.(ie.ifIdonthaveaP.Eng,they
candoanythingtome!)
B. WorsttheycandoistakeawayaP.Eng.
license.
C. Haslegalauthorityoverallpracticeof
engineeringinOntario.
D. Isjustaquasikangaroocourt.
E. Anotherhurdleinmyengineeringcareer.

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EngineeringLicensure=PublicSafety
TheneedforEngineeringLicensuregrewout
ofaconcernforpublicsafetyduringthelater
halfoftheindustrialrevolution.
1864.A GrandTrunk trainwith458passengers,
wasunabletostopforanopenswingbridgeover
the RichelieuRiver.Thetrainplungedintothegap
andthecoachespiledontopofoneanother. Over
100deaths.
1907.QuebecBridgeDisaster.79deaths

GrandTrunkRailwayDisaster
1864
https://interestingcanadianhistory.wordpress.c
om/2013/07/09/thegreatsthilairetrain
disaster/

QuebecCityBridgeCollapse
1907
http://io9.gizmodo.com/thesearesomeoftheworst
architecturaldisastersin512561209

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ElliotLakeDisaster
2012 Algo Mallin
ElliotLakeOntario
roofparkinglot
collapsesintothe
mall 2deaths.
Macleans Magazine:
ElliotLake:How
CouldSoMany
EngineersBeSo
Wrong

PEOMagazine Jan/Feb2015

ElliotLakeDisaster
MallCCTVCameras footageduringcollapse
NORREngineeringReportSummary
JusticeBelangerledtheinquiry:
PEOdevelopnewstandardforstructuralinspection
Inspectionofbuildingsbepreparedandsealedby
professionalengineerscertifiedasstructuraleng.
PEOreleaseadditionalinformationabout
practitionersdisciplinedforprofessionalmisconduct.

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ElliotLakeDisaster
Twocriticalerrorsduringdesign:
JohnKadlec ofBetaEngineeringspecifiedhollow
concreteslabs 38%higherthanmaximumload.
(Kedlec losthisPEng licenseinthe1990s,butwasreinstated
in1999)
Parkinglotlocatedonroofwithoutadequate
waterproofing.
Criminalcharges:
RobertWood(losthisPEng in2011monthsbeforeinspecting
themall)lastpersontoinspecttheAlgo Mall 2countsof
criminalnegligencecausingdeath,1countcausingharm.
Afterloosinghislicense,Mr.Woodwasusingtheterm
GraduateEngineeronhisbusinesscard.PEOhasstarted
proceedings(2016)againstMr.Woodforusingthistitle.

HistoryoftheEngineeringProfession
Traditionally,theartofengineeringwas
taughtfrommastertoapprentice.
Beforetheindustrialrevolution,most
engineerswereemployedasMilitary
Engineersbythestate/King/Emperoretc.to
devisemachinesofwar.
Leonardoda Vinciisafamousmilitaryengineer
CivilEngineers namedbecausetheyworked
onnonmilitary,civilianprojects.

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IndustrialRevolutionandthe
OpeningofCanada
HistoryofCanadahaslongbeentiedtothe
exploitationofitsnaturalresources.
Frombeaverpelts,tolumber,tomineralsand
crudeoil
AstheIndustrialRevolutiontookplacein
Europe,thedemandforCanadasresources
increasedatadramaticrate.
Theneedtobuildinfrastructuretoharvest
theseresourcesgavetheimpetustomanyof
Canadasearlyengineeringprojects.

CanadasMegaProjects
RideauCanal(1832)toconnectOttawato
KingstonandLakeOntario,stilloperates.
Useofdams,locks,manmadeandnatural
rivers,thecanalextendsfor202km.
BuiltbyColonelBy(forwhichBytown in
Ottawaisnamedafter)inonly5yearsusing
manuallabour.
2007 itwasnamedaUNESCOWorld
HeritageSite.

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CanadianPacificRailway
Constructedfrom1880to1885whentolast
spikewasdriven.
FirsttrainfromMontrealtoVancouverdidnot
arriveuntil1886.

TheLastSpikeinCraigallachie,fromCanadianPacificAchieves.http://www.cpr.ca

EngineeringChallengesoftheCPR

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KickingHorseandRogersPass
SirStanfordFleming(fatherofmoderntime)had
surveyedtheuseoftheYellowHeadPass(far
north,throughJasperNationalPark).
However,politicalinterferencerelocatedthe
routetowithin60milesoftheUSboarder.
MajorA.Rogerswastaskedwithfindingamore
southerlypassthroughtheSelkirkmountain
rangeoftheRockies.
CNRailusestheYellowHeadPass,althougha
longerdistance,offersfasterservicebetween
VancouverandTorontoduetolowergrades.

KickingHorsePass
RailsattheBigHillatKickingHorsePass
throughYohoNationalParkwerebuiltin
1884.
BuildingoverMountStephen,itfeatured4.5%
grades,morethanthe2.2%gradesallowed.
Climbsover1000feetinunder10miles.
Runawaytrains,avalanchesandrockfalls
wereconstantheadachesfortheCPR.

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TheBigHillwasusedfor25yearsuntilthe
SpiralTunnelswereopenedin1909,after2
yearsofconstruction.
Thisreducedthegradeto2.2%.

Ref:JohnMacdonaldhttp://yourrailwaypictures.com/Tunnels

deHavillandCanadaDHC2Beaver
DesignedandbuiltatdeHavillands
Downsview facility(nowBombardier)the
Beaveristhequintessentialbushplane.

Ref:FredricRowlandfamilyphotohttp://news.cbc.ca

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DHC2
InpostwarCanada,deHavillandwaslooking
fornewproductstoofferasmilitarycontracts
hadecometoanend.
AfterextensivesurveyingofCanadianpilots,
theDHC2Beaverwasdesignafter1year,
withthefirstaircraftrollingoutofDownsview
inAugust16,1947.
>1600werebuiltovera20yearperiod.

Witha450HPengine,oversizedwings,the
DHC2BeaverhadSTOLcapabilities,albeit
withpoorcruiseperformance.
onlyhastobefasterthanadogsled
Canbefittedwitheitherwheels,skiesor
floats.
Hundredsremaininservicetoday.
VikingAirofVictoriaBC,currentlyownsthe
toolingandcertificatesfortheBeaver,and
offersanewturbopropversionforsale.

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QuebecBridge(1907Collapse)

Ref:http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org

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QuebecBridge
TheQuebecCityBridgecrossestheSt.
Lawrenceandconnectsthecitywiththesouth
shore.
Stillthelongestcantileveredspan(1800ft)in
theworld.
Inthe1907tragedy,75workerslosttheirlives,
rakingittheworststructuralcollapseaccident
inCanadianhistory.

Peopleinvolved
TheodoreCooper
ConsultingEngineer
NewYork

QuebecBridgeCompany PhoenixBridgeCompany
(onsite) Pennsylvania

EdwardHoare NormanMcLure JohnDeans

ChiefEngineer ChiefInspector President

CooperSzlapka
Engineer

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LeadinguptoCollapse
Initialdesignwastohaveaspanof1600ft.
However,aftersitestudyoftheriverbed,the
pierssupportingthespanwasincreasedto
1800ft.
1906,Cooperwasnotifiedthattheweightof
thebridgewaswayoverinitialestimations.
Cooperwasconfidentthattheweightwas
stillwithinreasonablelimits.

June,1907,McLure reportedbucklingat7L
and8Lcompressionchords.
Aug27th,1907,9Lchordwasoutofline,
wasnow2outofline.
McLure haulted workthatdayandleftto
NewYorktomeetCooper.
Later.Hoare,sawnoimmediatedangerand
calledfortheresumptionofwork.

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Aug29th,Cooperrepliedviatelegramaddno
moreloadtobridgetillafterdue
consideration
3pm,Deans(inPennsylvania)receivedthe
telegramanddisregardedit.
Justbeforetheendoftheworkdayat
5:30pm,insteadofthefinalwhistle,workers
heardaloudreportlikeacanonshot.
2chordshadfailed,sending19thousandtons
ofsteelintotheSt.Lawrence.
75mendied,only11survivedtheaccident.

Reasons
RoyalCommissionwascalledtoinvestigate
thedisaster.
ErrorsinjudgementonCooperandSzlapka.(for
notrecalculatingloads,andforCooperonly
visitingthesiteononeoccasion)
Deans,forpoorjudgmentandforappointing
unqualifiedEdwardHoareasresponsible
engineeratthesite.
Commissioncited:inadequatefinance,time
constrains,negligence(fornonrecalculating
loads),andtheegoofCooper(forrefusing
subordination)

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Bridgeredesignandcollapseagain
In1916,asthefinal
sectionwasbeing
hosted,thebridge
collapsedagain.
Thistimedueto
materialfailure.
Bridgewasfinally
openedin1918.

IronRing&OurReminder
TheRitualoftheCallingofanEngineer
datesbackto1922.
7pastpresidentsoftheEngineeringInstitute
ofCanadametwithProf.Haultain (Civilat
UofT)whofelttheneedofanobligationto
bindyoungengineeringgraduates toacodeof
ethicsandconduct.
ObligationwaswrittenbyRudyardKipling,a
famousEnglishwriterandpoetatthattime
whooftenmadereferencetotheworkof
engineers.

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Theironringservesasareminderofthe
malleabilityofmaterialsandengineering
disasters,suchastheQuebecBridge.
Itiswornonthepinkyfingeroftheworking
handonlybyengineershowhavetakenthe
obligation atTheRitualrunbyoneof24
campsacrossCanada.
TheCampsandCorporationofSevenWardens
isanindependentbody,notconnectedtoany
universityorengineeringorganisation.
UniquelyCanadiantradition.

EngineeringinCanada

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Statistics
CouncilofOntarioUniversities2014surveyof2012
graduatesshows6%ofengineeringgraduatesare
stillunemployed2yearsaftergraduation.*
StatsCan 2011NationalHouseholdSurveyindicates
only34%ofengineeringgraduatesages25to34
haveengineeringjobs,37%areinjobsthatrequirea
universitydegree,another25%areinjobsthatdo
notrequireanyuniversitydegree.*
Note:thiswasthefirstnonmandatorynational
survey,(NHS StatsCan)sothedatamaynotbe
representative.

*http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/DOC_advocacy/2015_REPORT
_Underemployment_.pdf

Statistics

*http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/DOC_advocacy/2015_REPORT
_Underemployment_.pdf

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TheMoveforLicensure
Campaigntoregulateprofessionbeganin
1887withfirstmeetingofCSCE(Civil)
BecameEngineeringInstituteofCanada(EIC)
in1918
Mostprovincespassedlicensinglaws(open
orvoluntary)19181920,however,allarenow
closed(intheUS,thelicenseisstillopen
inmoststates.)

Initially,applicantshadtobe30yearsofage
with10yearsofpractice.
Lawswereclosed(licenseneededto
practiceengineeringorusetermProfessional
Engineer)by1955
Licenceisnowmandatorytopractise
engineering,ortouseengineeringtitles,in
everyprovinceorterritory
Canadianlicenceconfersboththerightto
practiseandtherighttothetitle(P.Eng.)

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P.Eng TodayinCanada
Engineeringineachprovince/territoryisa
selfregulatingprofession.
Aselfregulatingprofessionisdefinedasa:
Selfselectedandselfdisciplinedgroup
whichhavespecialskillsderivedfrom
educationandtrainingandexercisethese
skillsintheinterestofothers.
Canadianlicenseconferstherighttopractice
aswellastherighttothetitle

TitleEngineer
Bothtitles,EngineerandProfessional
EngineerareregulatedinCanada.
Youmusthavealicense(fromthePEOin
Ontario)inordertousethesetitles.
Newgrads shouldsignupforPEOsengineer
intraining(EIT)program.
ThisallowsyoutousethetitleEIT

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P.Eng.OutsideofCanada
InUnitedStates:governmentregulatedand
licensingconfersonlytherighttothetitle.
ReferredtoasP.E.
Insomecountries,engineeringisnotlicensed:
Possessionofadegree(France,Germany)
Membershipinatechnicalsocietyorthe
standardsoftheEngineeringCouncil,
charteredengineer(UK,India)
CEng

Regulation
Provincialandterritorialgovernments
regulateengineeringandgeoscience byActs
ofprovinciallegislatures(intheprovinces)or
legislativecouncils(intheterritories)
Someprovincesregulateengineeringand
geoscience withinthesameActandthus,
organizations.
Ontario,EngineeringandGeoscience are
regulatedunderseparateActsand
organizations.

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Ontario
TheProfessionalEngineersActpassedby
OntarioLegislatureregulatesengineering.
ActdefinestheAssociation(PEO)asalegal
entity,setsoutispowers,standardsof
admission,practiceanddiscipline.
ThispermitsthePEOtoactinasemijudicial
mannerwhenitcomestodisciplinein
engineeringmatters.

RegulatoryActs
PurposeoftheAct(which,ineverycase,isto
protectthepublic)
Legaldefinitionofengineeringand/or
geoscience
Authoritytoestablishaprovincial(or
territorial)Association
Purpose(orobjects)oftheAssociation
Standardsforgrantinglicenses(orfor
admissiontotheAssociation)

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establishingregulationstogovernprofessional
practice
establishingbylawstogoverntheAssociation
itself
CodeofEthicstoguidethepersonalactionsof
theLicensees(ormembers)
TheActineveryprovince/territoryisavailable
online.
http://www.peo.on.ca

DefinitionofEngineering
OntariosActisclosesttonationaldefinition
setoutbyEngineersCanada:
ThePracticeofProfessionalEngineering:
anyactofplanning,designing,composing,
evaluating,advising,reporting,directingor
supervisingthatrequirestheapplicationof
engineeringprinciplesandconcernsthe
safeguardingoflife,health,property,economic
interests,thepublicwelfareortheenvironment,
orthemanagingofanysuchact;(exercice dela
professiondingnieur)*

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EachAssociation:
Regulations:
rulestoimplementorsupporttheAct(e.g.,
admissions,conductandmisconduct,discipline)
Bylaws:
rulestoadministertheAssociationitself(e.g.,
elections,financialmatters,committees,
meetings)
CodeofEthics:
standardofconductexpectedofindividual
engineers

LicensingRules
Education
universitydegreefromanaccreditedprogram
(engineering),orequivalent
Experience
fouryearsofsuitableengineeringexperienceinarea
ofqualification
Knowledgeoflocalpractices
Language
Goodcharacter
Knowledgeofprofessionalpracticeandethics

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AcademicRequirements
GraduateswithCEABaccrediteddegrees:
exemptfromtechnicalexams
Mutuallyrecognizeddegree(seeMobility
Agreements,ABET):
However,provincialboardscanoverrulethese
agreements.
Nonaccrediteddegrees/technologists:
assignedtechnicalexams

InternationallyEducatedEngineers
Application
TheAssociationsBoardofExaminers(or
AcademicRequirementsCommittee)assessesall
documents
Qualificationsaccepted
Mobilityagreements
Confirmatoryexamsrequired(generallythree
tofivetechnicalexams)
Technicalexamsonspecifictopicssimilarto
universityfinalexams.

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InternationallyEducatedEngineers
TechnicalExaminations
Applicantswhohavenonaccreditedengineering
degrees,orengineeringrelateddegrees,orthree
yeartechnologydiplomasmayenterengineering
professionbywritingtechnicalexams
basedontheEngineersCanadasyllabus

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Experience
Ongraduation,applicantsareexpectedto
enrollinanengineerintrainingtoobtain
experiencerequiredforalicence
Summaryofexperienceassessedby
AssociationsExperienceRequirements
Committee(orRegistrationCommittee)

Experience
RulesforExperience
NatureofExperience
DurationandCurrencyofExperience
PreGraduateandPostgraduateExperience(upto
12months)
CanadianExperience(usually12months)

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Experience
QualityofExperience
ApplicationofTheory
PracticalExperience
ManagementofEngineering
CommunicationSkills
SocialImplicationofEngineering

ConsultingEngineers
OntarioisonlyjurisdictioninCanadathat
regulatesthedesignationofConsulting
Engineer
continuouslyengagedforatleasttwoyearsin
privatepractice
atleastfiveyearsofsatisfactoryexperiencesince
becomingamember,and
pass(orbeexemptedfrom)examsprescribedby
theAssociationCouncil

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OtherProvinces Consulting
Corporation,asalegalentity,mayobtaina
licencetopractiseengineering
PermittoPractise(alsocalledaCertificateof
Authorization)
Toobtainpermit,corporationmustemploya
professionalengineerwhoactsina
supervisorycapacity,andwhoassumes
personalresponsibilityfortheservices
providedbythecorporation

EngineersSeal
WhenAssociationawardsalicence,italso
includesaseal(rubberstamp),whichthe
professionalengineerorprofessional
geoscientistusestoapprovedocuments
Importantlegalsignificance
OnlyFINALdocumentsshouldbesealed.
Documentsinprogressshouldbemarked
preliminaryornotforconstruction

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EngineersCanada
WorkingnameoftheCCPE,whichisa
federationofthe12Associationsthatlicense
engineersineachprovinceandterritory
acrossCanada
Establishedin1936
Doesnothaveindividualmembers
Coordinatesengineeringprofessionona
nationalscalebypromotingconsistencyin
licensingandregulation

EngineersCanada
CanadianEngineeringAccreditationBoard
(CEAB)
Evaluatesundergraduateengineeringprograms
acrossCanada.
CanadianEngineeringQualificationsBoard
(CEQB)
Developsnationalguidelines
MaintainstheExaminationSyllabusforengineers
thathaventgraduatedfromanaccredited
engineeringprogram.

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EnforcementofEngineering
Selfregulatingprofessionsprotectpublicby
ensuringthatpractitionersarecompetentand
bydiscipliningthosewhoprovetobe
unethicalorinept
Malpracticeandcorruptionarerare
Associationsinvestigatecomplaints
enforcetheActbyprosecutingunlicensedpeople
whopractiseunlawfully,and
disciplinelicensedengineersandgeoscientists
whoareguiltyofprofessionalmisconduct,
negligence,orincompetence

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Enforcement
Peoplewhopractiseengineeringwithouta
licence,orfalselyclaimtheyarelicensedare
breakingthelaw(theAct)
Itisanoffenceforanunlicensedpersonto:
practiceprofessionalengineering
useatermortitlethatimplythepersonis
licensed
useasealthatimpliesthatthepersonislicensed

Enforcement
Themajorityofcomplaintsreceivedby
Associationsareaboutunlicensed
practitioners
Forthosewhopersistinpracticingwithouta
license,theAssociationmayprosecute
offendersincourts
Example:In2005,aTorontomanjailed30days
andfined$20,000
SeeCaseHistory3.1 Enforcement:Misuseof
SoftwareEngineerTitle

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Discipline:LicensedEngineers
UndertheAct,eachAssociationmustprotect
thepublicbyrespondingtocomplaintsabout
licensedmembers
Sixcausesfordisciplinaryaction:
Professionalmisconduct(unprofessionalconduct)
Incompetence
Negligence
BreachoftheCodeofEthics
Physicalormentalincapacity
Convictionofaseriousoffence

Discipline:LicensedEngineers
Professionalmisconduct(orunprofessional
conduct)
maintypeofcomplaint
definitionsindifferentActsaregeneralorcircular
regulationscannotdefineeverypossibleformof
professionalmisconduct
Forexample,AlbertasActdefinesany
conductdetrimentaltothebestinterestofthe
publicorthatharmsortendstoharmthe
standingoftheprofessiongenerally

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Discipline:LicensedEngineers
Incompetence
lackofknowledge,skill,orjudgmentthat
demonstratesthememberisunfittocarryout
dutiesasaprofessional
practitionermustworkwithinlimitsof
competence
ActandCodeofEthicsrequireonetojudgeown
areaofcompetencewhenadvancingtonew
positions

Discipline:LicensedEngineers
Negligence
carelessnessorcarryingoutworkbelow
acceptedstandardorlackofadequate
thoroughness
flagrantdisregardforpublicwelfare
seriousdisciplinecomplaint
mayinvolvefinanciallossorfailuretosafeguard
life,health,orproperty
finelinebetweennegligenceandincompetence

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Discipline:LicensedEngineers
BreachoftheCodeofEthics section77
Ontario
(PEO)engineeringCodeofEthicsdiffersfromall
othercodes
notenforceableundertheAct
describesidealprofessionalconduct,buta
separatedefinitionofprofessionalmisconduct
identifiesthelowerlimitofacceptablebehaviour
Statesdutiesandstandardofcare,whichunder
section72,canbeseenaspartofprofessional
misconductifbreached.

OntariosSection77.CodeofEthics
1. Itisthedutyofapractitionertothepublic,to
thepractitioner'semployer,tothepractitioner's
clients,toothermembersofthepractitioner's
profession,andtothepractitionertoactatall
timeswith,
fairnessandloyaltytothepractitioner'sassociates,
employers,clients,subordinatesandemployees;
fidelitytopublicneeds;
devotiontohighidealsofpersonalhonourand
professionalintegrity;
knowledgeofdevelopmentsintheareaof
professionalengineeringrelevanttoanyservicesthat
areundertaken;and
competenceintheperformanceofanyprofessional
engineeringservicesthatareundertaken.

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2. Apractitionershall,
regardthepractitioner'sdutytopublicwelfareas
paramount;
endeavouratalltimestoenhancethepublicregard
forthepractitioner'sprofessionbyextendingthe
publicknowledgethereofanddiscouraginguntrue,
unfairorexaggeratedstatementswithrespectto
professionalengineering;
notexpresspublicly,orwhilethepractitioneris
servingasawitnessbeforeacourt,commissionor
othertribunal,opinionsonprofessionalengineering
mattersthatarenotfoundedonadequate
knowledgeandhonestconviction;
endeavortokeepthepractitioner'slicence,
temporarylicence,limitedlicenceorcertificateof
authorization,asthecasemaybe,permanently
displayedinthepractitioner'splaceofbusiness.

3. Apractitionershallactinprofessional
engineeringmattersforeachemployerasa
faithfulagentortrusteeandshallregardas
confidentialinformationobtainedbythe
practitionerastothebusinessaffairs,technical
methodsorprocessesofanemployerandavoid
ordiscloseaconflictofinterestthatmight
influencethepractitioner'sactionsorjudgment.
4. Apractitionermustdiscloseimmediatelytothe
practitioner'sclientanyinterest,director
indirect,thatmightbeconstruedasprejudicial
inanywaytotheprofessionaljudgmentofthe
practitionerinrenderingservicetotheclient.

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5. Apractitionerwhoisanemployeeengineerand
iscontractinginthepractitioner'sownnameto
performprofessionalengineeringworkforother
thanthepractitioner'semployer,mustprovide
thepractitioner'sclientwithawrittenstatement
ofthenatureofthepractitioner'sstatusasan
employeeandtheattendantlimitationsonthe
practitioner'sservicestotheclient,mustsatisfy
thepractitionerthattheworkwillnotconflict
withthepractitioner'sdutytothepractitioner's
employer,andmustinformthepractitioner's
employerofthework.
6. Apractitionermustcooperateinworkingwith
otherprofessionalsengagedonaproject.

7. Apractitionershall,
acttowardsotherpractitionerswithcourtesyandgood
faith;
notacceptanengagementtoreviewtheworkofanother
practitionerforthesameemployerexceptwiththe
knowledgeoftheotherpractitionerorexceptwherethe
connectionoftheotherpractitionerwiththeworkhas
beenterminated;
notmaliciouslyinjurethereputationorbusinessof
anotherpractitioner;
notattempttogainanadvantageoverotherpractitioners
bypayingoracceptingacommissioninsecuring
professionalengineeringwork;and
givepropercreditforengineeringwork,upholdthe
principleofadequatecompensationforengineeringwork,
provideopportunityforprofessionaldevelopmentand
advancementofthepractitioner'sassociatesand
subordinates,andextendtheeffectivenessofthe
professionthroughtheinterchangeofengineering
informationandexperience.

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8. Apractitionershallmaintainthehonourand
integrityofthepractitioner'sprofessionand
withoutfearorfavourexposebeforethe
propertribunalsunprofessional,dishonestor
unethicalconductbyanyotherpractitioner.

Discipline:LicensedEngineers
PhysicalorMentalIncapacity
mostActsincludeaphysicalormentalcondition
asadefinitionofincompetence,providedthe
conditionisofanatureandextentthatinorderto
protecttheinterestofpublic(orthepractitioner),
thepractitionershouldnotbeallowedtopractise
rare

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Discipline:LicensedEngineers
ConvictionofanOffence
theActspermitsdisciplinaryactionsagainsta
practitionerwhoisfoundguiltyunderotherlaws
proofofconvictionmustbeprovided
fraudorembezzlementconvictionscouldbe
groundsforsuchaction

DisciplinaryProcess
Anymemberofthepubliccanmakea
complaintagainstlicensedengineeror
geoscientist
Seriouscomplaintfollowsathreestage
process

Stage1 Stage2 Stage3

GatheringEvidence Investigationand TheDiscipline
Reviewofthe Hearing
Complaint

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DisciplinaryProcess

Stage1:GatheringEvidence
Collectinformation
Stage2:InvestigationandReviewofthe
complaint
CarriedoutbyInvestigativeCommittee(also
calledtheComplaintsCommittee,insomeActs)
Reviewsandevaluateseverysignedcomplaint

DisciplinaryProcess
Stage3:TheDisciplineHearing
FormalhearingbyaDisciplineCommittee
licensedmembers,includingatleastoneofthe
membersappointedtoCouncilbythe
government,butitistotallyseparatefromthe
InvestigativeCommittee

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DisciplinaryProcess
DisciplinaryPenalties
SeverityofthepenaltyassignedbytheDiscipline
Committeedependsonthecircumstancesofthe
case
EachprovincialandterritorialActpermit
maximumpenalties

Discipline
FairnessandEquity
Disciplinaryproceduresmustbefair,andmustbe
seentobefair,bothbypublicandbypractitioner
Firsttwostagesofdisciplinaryprocessare
confidential
SomeStatistics
PEOinOntario(2010data)
receivesfewerthan100formalcomplaintsper
year,eventhoughPEOhasover73,000members

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Ref:EngineeringDimensions,ProfessionalEngineersOntario,p3132,Sept/Oct2013

Ref:EngineeringDimensions,ProfessionalEngineersOntario,p3132,Sept/Oct2013

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Ref:EngineeringDimensions,ProfessionalEngineersOntario,p3132,Sept/Oct2013

Section72:dealswithnegligence,safeguardingoflife,complyingwith
regulations,sealingfinaldrawings,failuretopresentconsequences,breachof
act,undertakingworkoninpractitionersexpertise,conflictofinterest,
unprofessional,abidebythetermsoflicense,permittingapersontopractice
engineering,harassment.

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Ref:EngineeringDimensions,ProfessionalEngineersOntario,p3132,Sept/Oct2013

LifeLongLearning
Engineeringisacontinuallyevolving
professionastechnologychanges.
Engineers,morethanmanyotherprofessions,
mustkeeptheirknowledgecurrent.
PEOsPEAKprogram(practiceevaluationand
knowledge) requiresalllicenseholders to
reviewtheirlevelofresponsibility,impacton
safetyandamountofcontinualeducationto
remaincurrent(ie.Mandatorytraining)

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TechnicalSocieties
Encourageresearch,collectandclassifynew
information,anddisseminateittomembers
importantpublishersofnewresearch
publishjournals,conferenceproceedings,standards,and
codes
equivalenttothelearnedsocietiesintheartsand
humanities
RoleisdifferentthanroleofAssociationsthatlicense
engineersinCanada
Engineerstypicallybelongto1ormoretechnical
society

StudentChapters
StudentChaptersofTechnicalSocieties
manytechnicalsocietiesmaintainstudentchaptersinCanadian
universities
promotetechnicalandsocialprograms
offersubscriptiontosocietypublications,entrancetosociety
meetings,andshortcoursesandfieldtrips
provideopportunitiestomeetprofessionalsinfieldof
interest
societymeetingsareagoodsourceofcareernetworksand
relationships
Oftenstudentsmembersgetabreakonsocietyfeesafterthey
graduate.

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TechnicalSocieties StayingCurrent
BothCanadianandInternationalTechnical
Societiesprovidememberswithnewsabout:
Informationastothestateoftheart
Accesstolibrary,periodicals,technical
publications
Innovationsanddevelopments
Changesinlegislationthatmayeffectengineering
Settingstandardsandcodes
Industrytrendsanddirections

TechnicalSocieties OtherBenefits
Softskills
Conferencesandmeetings
Mentoring
Jobandcareerboards
Networking
Discountsonpublications
Charitablesocieties

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BasicConceptsofProfessionalPractice
Enteringtheprofessionalworkplacemayprovetobe
achallenge.Somesurprisesmayinclude:
littleornosupervision
apparentlackoforderandstructure
emphasisonobtainingusefulresultsFAST!
importanceofdeadlines
Hintstohelpstartemployment:
Licensing
Experience
Prepareforadvancement

Licensing
Applytoyourprovincialorterritorialassociationfor
licensetopracticeassoonaspossible
Donotneedtowaitforexperience
Canbeginprocessaftergraduatingfromuniversity
JointheAssociationinternshipprogram
uponacceptance,willreceiveEngineerinTraining(EIT),
(dependingonyourprovinceanddiscipline).
usethetitleinmemos,emails,etc.

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DocumentingExperience
Experienceshouldsatisfythefollowingfive
qualitycriteria:
ApplicationofTheory
includesanalysis,designandsynthesis,testingmethods,and
projectimplementation
Practicalexperience
Managementofengineering
planning,scheduling,budgeting,supervision,project
control,andriskassessment
Communicationskills
Socialimplicationsofengineering

Advancement
Professionalengineerorgeoscientistmaybe
promotedatanytime
Averageofsevenoreightyearsofexperienceare
neededtosuperviseotherprofessionals
Specialists
requireahighleveloftechnicalknowledge
Managers
managersworkcloselywithpeopleandgoodinterpersonal
skillsareessential

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ResponsibilityLevels
recentuniversitygraduates
LevelA onthejobtraining,simpletasks
EntryLevel oneortwoyears

tasksofincreasingvariety
LevelB partsoflargerprojects
Engineer registeredwithprovincialAssociation
twoorthreeyears

firstfullyqualifiedprofessionallevel
LevelC mustbelicensed,variedtasks,independent
ProfessionalEngineer minimumfivetosixyearsofrelatedwork
experienceaftergraduation

titlessuchasprojectleader,teamleader,
LevelD engineer/geoscientistspecialist
involvesdirectsupervisionofother
FirstSupervisory
professionals
(orFirstSpecialist) minimumofsevenoreightyearsof
experienceinfieldofspecialization

titlessuchaschiefprojectengineer,
LevelE grouphead,seniorspecialist
superviselargegroupsofstaff
MiddleManagement participateinlongtermplanning
(orSeniorSpecialist) minimumof1012yearsofengineering
oradministrativeexperience

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jobtitlessuchasdirectorofengineeringor
geology,plantmanager,seniorconsultant
LevelF responsibleforengineeringorgeoscience
SeniorManagement administrativefunctions,directingseveral
professionalandothergroupsengagedin
(orSeniorConsultant) interrelatedresponsibilities
requiresextensiveexperience,including
administrativeduties

jobtitlessuchaspresident,vice
presidentofengineeringorgeoscience,
LevelFPlus generalmanager,partner
receivesgeneralstrategicguidance
SeniorExecutive
conceivesindependentprograms
requiresmanyyearsofauthoritative
technicalandadministrativeexperience

Ref:www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/doc_newsroom/2014_survey_comp.pdf

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Ref:www.ospe.on.ca/resource/resmgr/doc_newsroom/2014_survey_comp.pdf

EngineersSeal
Standardpracticetosign,date,andapplyyour
personalprofessionalsealtokeydocumentswhenyou
issuetheminfinalform
IdentifiesAssociation,typeoflicence,andnameoflicence
holder
Ensuresothersthattheauthorassumesprofessional
responsibility
Acceptedpractice
Actrequiresthatallfinaldrawings,specifications,
plans,andreports,andissuedtothepublic,mustbe
dated,signed,andsealedbyaprofessionalengineer

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Meansthattheauthorapprovesit.
Onlyfinaldocumentsaresealedbeforereleasedtothe
public
Allpractitionersarenowrequiredtosealtheirwork
Applyingthesealisthelaststepbeforeyoureleasethe
document
Engineerorgeoscientistwhosignsorsealsadocument
withoutthoroughknowledgeofdocumentmaybeguilty
ofprofessionalmisconduct
Documentshouldnotbesealedunlesspractitioneris
willingtoacceptresponsibilityforitbasedonknowledge
ofdocumentandproject

DangersinusingyourSeal
HazardsofCheckingDocuments
Requestfromafriendorpressureofworkare
unprofessionalscenariosandcanleadtodiscipline
Refusetosignorsealthedocumentuntilyouverifythe
documentsufficientlytoacceptfullresponsibilityforit
SealSecurity
Sealmustbe:
obtainedfromAssociation
keptinasecureplaceandmustnotbeduplicatedorlentto
anyone
OmittingthesealisaviolationoftheAct

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Question:EngineeringinCanada
A. IsanOPENprofession withregardstothe
lawsgoverningthepracticeofengineering.
B. IsaCLOSEDprofession withregardstowho
canpracticeengineeringandengineering
services.
C. AnyonecancallthemselvesanEngineer,but
notProfessionalEngineer.
D. IcancallmyselfaConsultingEngineer,as
longasIgetmyP.Eng.

Questions:ProfessionalEngineers
Ontario
A. OnlyhavejurisdictionoverEngineerswith
theirP.Eng.(ie.ifIdonthaveaP.Eng,they
candoanythingtome!)
B. WorsttheycandoistakeawayaP.Eng.
license.
C. Haslegalauthorityoverallpracticeof
engineeringinOntario.
D. Isjustaquasikangaroocourt.
E. Anotherhurdleinmyengineeringcareer.

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Questions:UsingYourSeal
Afamilymemberwantstoaddanadditiontotheirhouse.
Theyaskyou,asacivilengineer,tosealthedrawings(for
free)soitcangetthenecessarybuildingpermits.

A. Yesyoucan,ifyoucarefullyreviewthedrawings.
B. Yesyoucan,asnomoneychangeshands,itsnota
legalcontract,sodoesn'tmatteranyways.
C. No,youcantbecauseyoudidntdothedrawings
D. No,youcantbecauseyournotgettingpaid

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