Socialization Nature vs Nurture

1. Nature and Nurture: What do twin studies tell us about nature/nurture? Also, discuss the
influence of heredity in explaining the process of ones personality and intellectual
development. Provide examples.
The Twin Studies tell us that the Nature and the Nurture both will influences the behavioral
development of the individuals. The twins have the same genes from their parents which is the
nature reason that their personality are similar. Also, they are raise in the physical environments.
Even though their physical environments are the same or similar, their interests can be different
because the environments are nurture which can change ones personality and interests.

2. What is the self? According to Charles Horton Cooley, explain the looking glass self
(discuss the three phases). George Herbert Mead also discusses the stages of the self:
identify differences between I and Me. What is meant by significant others? How are
significant others related to the self? Identify Meads three-stage process of self-
development.
Self is an image that people believe who they are, and the self includes personality, social
images, and sense of being an independence individual. According to Charles Horton Cooley,
the Looking- glass self means the "Self" is produced by the interactions with other people. The
other people like a mirror, and the Self Consciousness is made by the reaction from the other
people. The Looking- glass self has three phases. The first one is Presentation which means
people imagine what the other people looks at them. Then, the second is Identification. People
imagine the other peoples thinking about their appearances. The last one, Subjective
Interpretation is based on how the other people look at people, and people will develop the
thinking to become Self.
According to George Herbert Mead, Self is made by I and Me. I is peoples acting self. I is
the self that we born with which is impulsive, unorganized, and unpredictable. And then, the
Me os peoples socialized self that people learn from the environments and experiences. The I
will like the motivation of peoples acting, and Me will stop the actings that make the actions to
be fit in the society.
The significant others are the most important individual that help people to develop their Self.
When people are developing their Self, they will learn the behaviors or personality from the
people who are important and admiring to them.
The three-stage process of Mead are Preparatory Stage, Play Stage, and Game Stage.
The preparatory stage is describing the children who are under three years old. These children
are influenced by their Significant Others, they will imitate the Significant Others behaviors for
learning and understanding other peoples behaviors. The second stage is Play Stage. The
children who are from three to six years old will play with the roles such as father or mother for
learning the behaviors of the role. Then the Game Stage means the six to nine years old
children will care more about the judgement from other people, and this behavior is influenced
by Generalized Other. The children will change their behavior by the other peoples
judgements.
3. Explain the dramaturgical approach. What occurs on front-stage? What happens in
backstage? How can Erving Goffmans idea of impression management and face-work be
used to understand social behavior?
The Dramaturgical Approach is a symbolic interactionism of society perspective. It pointed out
that people will change their behaviors in different places, time, and the audiences who are
around. People will act and try to fit in the other peoples expectation. The front- stage is the
place the actors perform for their audiences. The front stage is made by three parts, the
sceneries, personal appearances, and acting. On the other hand, at the backstage, there are no
any more audiences, so the actors can free to perform themselves. If the audience shows up in
the backstage, the performers will perform like in the front stage immediately. The performers
are using their disguised appearance to make the audiences believe that the disguised
appearances are the truth.

4. Identify the agents of socialization. What is the role of schools in gender role
socialization? How has technology (computer, cell phone, email, & TV) influenced the
socialization process?
The cell phone, computer, internet, family, and school all are the agents of socialization. In the
school, the students are not only learning about the knowledges. They also learn about the
interpersonal skill with the other children and teachers. In the schools, usually the girls are
playing with other girls, and boys are playing with other boys. And then, the parents and the
teachers will expect the girls are like girl such as wearing pink color dress, be tender, or be kind.
And the boy should be active, independence, brave.
The technology influenced the society a lot because right now all the people have medias
around in daily lives such as TV, computer, and cell phone. People can use the medias to
interacted with other people thought the Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter. These
medias made our lives become more convenience, and more close to each other.

5. What are total institutions? Identify Goffmans four traits of total institutions. Discuss how a
degradation ceremony is used to mortify ones sense of self.
Total institutions are completely isolated, enclosed, but they are formally organized systems
such as prison, monastery, and military camps. The four traits of total institutions are people are
in strict control over in a single power in the same places, and they are doing the same things
together. Everything they do that is follow the schedule and rules for reaching the organization's
final goals. The purpose of degradation ceremony is deprived ones self- esteem and the
previous identity for making them to get use to be control in the total institutions. When people
join in the total institutions, they must go through this degradation ceremony.

6. How does society deal with an elderly population? Discuss differences between
disengagement theory and activity theory? Finally, provide solutions to ageism.
The disengagement theorys purpose is when the olders body function is going down and they
notice they are closed to death, they will slowly disengage from the society. They will join the
social activities less, but they will spend more time on themselves. The activity theorys purpose
is opposite to the disengagement theory. The olders will deny they are become old and they are
disengage from the society. They will keep their lifestyle. They believe they should join more
activity including physical, psychological, and social activities. After they retired, these activity
can instead their jobs, and these activities make them become satisfied. The solutions of
ageism is the youth can volunteer and spend time with the olders. They can go to the park and
chat or share about eachs stories.