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Measurement
Week 2, Lecture 3
Measurement System Behavior
(Second Order Systems)
where n =
a0
= natural frequency
a2
a1
= = damping ratio
2 a0 a 2
January 15, 2009 Page 2
Measurement System Models
1, 2 = n n 1
2
d2y dy
M 2 +C + Ky = F (t )
dt dt
Underdamped <1
1, 2 = n n 1 2
n t
y (t ) = A e sin( 1 n t + )
2
2
Underdamped, =0.15
1.5
1
x(t)
0.5
-0.5
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (s)
Critically Damped =1
1t 2 t
y (t ) = Ae + Bte
1
x(t)
0.5
-0.5
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (s)
Overdamped >1
1t 2 t
y (t ) = Ae + Be
Overdamped, =3.0
1.5
1
x(t)
0.5
-0.5
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (s)
2
Underdamped, =0.15
Critically damped, =1.0
Overdamped, =3.0
1.5
1
x(t)
0.5
-0.5
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (s)
Underdamped <1
y (t ) = KA KAe n t
1 2
( ) (
sin n 1 2 t + cos n
1 2t
)
Critically Damped =1
y (t ) = KA KA (1 + n t )e nt
Overdamped >1
+ 2 1 + 2 1 n t 2 1 2 1 t
y (t ) = KA KA e
+ e n
2 2 1 2 2 1
Da
mp
ing
In c
r ea
se
Exponential (overdamped)
2
1 d = n 1
Td = =
2
where
d fd
F0
y (t ) = sin( t )
(
C + K M
2
)
F0
y (t ) = sin( t )
2
2
2
1 + 2
n n
Magnitude Ratio
M ( ) =
1
[ ]
1/ 2
1 ( / n ) + [2 / n ]
2 2 2
Phase Shift
2 / n
( ) = tan
1
1 ( / n )
2
Data Analysis