AUS HILTI Manual 2007-09 PDF

AUSTRALIA
Fastening
Technology
Manual
Australia Fastening Technology Manual Hilti. Outperform. Outlast
Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.

Hilti Australia Pty Ltd
23 Egerton Street, Silverwater Issue
New South Wales 2128 2007
T 131 292 F 1300 135 042 Sept
Issue 2007
www.hilti.com.au Re-print Sept Re-print
AUSTRALIA
Fastening Technology
Manual
Issue 2007 Sept. Re-print
1
Important notice
1. Construction materials and conditions vary on different sites. If it is suspected that the base
material has insufficient strength to achieve a suitable fastening, contact the Hilti Technical
Advisory Service.
2. The information and recommendations given herein are based on the principles, formulae and
safety factors set out in the Hilti technical instructions, the operating manuals, the setting
instructions, the installation manuals and other data sheets that are believed to be correct at the
time of writing. The data and values are based on the respective average values obtained from
tests under laboratory or other controlled conditions. It is the users responsibility to use the data
given in the light of conditions on site and taking into account the intended use of the products
concerned. The user has to check if the listed prerequisites and criteria conform with the
conditions actually existing on the job-site. Whilst Hilti can give general guidance and advice, the
nature of Hilti products means that the ultimate responsibility for selecting the right product for a
particular application must lie with the customer.
3. All products must be used, handled and applied strictly in accordance with all current instructions
for use published by Hilti, i.e. technical instructions, operating manuals, setting instructions,
installation manuals etc.
4. All products are supplied and advice is given subject to the Hilti terms of business.
5.Hiltis policy is one of continuous development. We therefore reserve the right to alter
specifications, etc. without notice.
6. The given mean ultimate loads and characteristic data in the Fastening Technology Manual reflect
actual test results and are thus valid only for the indicated test conditions. Due to variations in local
base materials, on-site testing is required to determine performance at any specific site.
7. Hilti is not obligated for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages, losses or expenses
in connection with, or by reason of, the use of, or inability to use the products for any purpose.
Implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose are specifically excluded.
Head Office:
Hilti (Aust.) Pty. Ltd.
ABN 44 007 602 100 (ACN 007 602 100)
23 Egerton Street
Silverwater NSW 2128
Phone: (02) 8748 1000
Fax: (02) 8748 1190
Website: www.hilti.com.au
Telephone: 131 292
Anywhere in Australia
Hilti = registered trademark of the Hilti Corporation, Schaan Right of technical and programme changes reserved S. E. & O.
2
In our strive to become your best partner, we have compiled all design
data relevant to anchoring solutions in this new Fastening Technology
Manual. It is intended to make your work easier, help to solve fastening
problems in their many forms safely as well as reliable and furthermore
to optimize the entire fastening system cost.
Through our world-wide direct sales organisations, contact is made with

more than 70,000 customers every day, ensuring that we keep abreast
of market needs and fastening problems.
International application know-how, highly specialised research and

development,
the latest production plant and equipment as well as an optimised quality

assurance system give our customers the assurance of receiving top
quality and enjoying a maximum of safety with the products they use.
The Fastening Technology Manual will be a reliable reference work for

you when solving your design and fastening problems. It is verification
that you are working with a partner aware of the demanding
responsibility of modern fastening technology.
Please contact us anytime if your have questions or require additional

information or guidance.
Danilo Calabr
3
Engineering Support
Engineering support
We have Field Engineers in Perth, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide.

How can they help you, the consulting engineers?
Ensure that you can choose or specify the right product for each
application, in particular in the field of anchor fastenings for
concrete and firestop systems.
Provide a problem solving and technical support function.
Carry out seminars on Hilti products and technical related subjects
at your request.
This compact Fastening Technology Manual, which you have in your hands, is just part of a
comprehensive range of engineering software which includes
More detailed technical information on specific topics or products as required
Anchor Design programme PROFIS Anchor.
Hilti Field Engineers Located at the Following Addresses:
Sydney: 23 Egerton St, Silverwater. 2128

Fax: (02) 8748 1191
Melbourne: 203-205 Normanby Road, South Melbourne. 3205

Fax: 1300 135 042
Brisbane: Unit 2, 160 Fison Ave West, Eagle Farm. 4009

Fax: 1300 135 042
Adelaide: 52 Richmond Rd, Keswick. 5035

Fax: (08) 8371 2553
Perth: 23 Belmont Ave, Belmont. 6104

Fax: (08) 9479 4687
NATIONAL PHONE NO. 131 292

Head office: HILTI (AUST.) PTY. LTD
ABN 44 007 602 100 (ACN 007 602 100)
23 Egerton St,
Silverwater NSW 2128
Tel: (02) 8748 1000 Fax: (02) 8748 1190
www.hilti.com.au
4
Contents
Application guide 8
1 Base materials 16
1.1 Concrete.............................................................................................................................. 16
1.2 Masonry............................................................................................................................... 17
1.3 Other base materials ........................................................................................................... 18
1.4 Why does an anchor hold in base material? ....................................................................... 19
1.4.1 Failure modes......................................................................................................... 20
1.4.1.1 Effect of static loading ............................................................................. 20
1.4.1.2 Influence of cracks .................................................................................. 21
2 Corrosion 23
3.1 Dynamic design for anchors 26

3.2 Dynamic set for shear resistance upgrade 30
4 Resistance to fire 32
5 Anchor design 36
5.1 Safety concept ................................................................................................................... 36

5.2 Design methods ................................................................................................................. 37
5.2.1 Ultimate limit state design method........................................................................... 38
5.2.2 Differences according to ETAG .............................................................................. 41
5.2.3 Anchor Design Program PROFIS Anchor .............................................................. 42
5.2.4 Anchor Design according to the Ultimate limit state design method (Hilti CC method) 43
5.2.5 Traditional Hilti design method ............................................................................... 47
6 Specifying Hilti anchors 48
7.1 Adhesive anchoring systems 51
Heavy duty anchors

HVU with HAS adhesive anchor (externally threaded rod) .......................................................... 51
HVU with HIS-N/-RN adhesive anchor (internally threaded sleeve)............................................. 60
HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with HAS rod ............................................................................... 68
Medium duty anchors

HIT-HY 150 with HAS injection adhesive anchor (externally threaded rod) ................................. 78
HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with HAS rod .............................................................................. 87
Light duty anchors

HIT-HY 20 with HIT-AN/-IG injection adhesive anchor ................................................................ 95
5
Contents
7.2 Mechanical anchoring systems 98
Heavy duty anchors

HDA design anchor ................................................................................................................... 98
HSL-3, HSL-3-B heavy duty anchor ......................................................................................... 108
HSL-G-R stainless steel heavy duty anchor .............................................................................. 116
Tilt-up construction ..................................................................................................................... 122
Medium duty anchors

HSC safety anchor ..................................................................................................................... 124
HSA stud anchor ........................................................................................................................ 133
HKD-S, HKD-SR drop-in anchor................................................................................................. 143
HUS-H screw anchor ............................................................................................................... 150
Worked example ..................................................................................................................... 159
8 Rebar fastening 161
8.1 Rebar fastening application .............................................................................................. 161

8.1.1 Post-fix system advantages ................................................................................ 161
8.1.2 Application examples .......................................................................................... 161
8.2 Differences between anchor & rebar fastening design .............................................. 164
8.3 HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive with rebar (Anchor design) ........................................ 165
8.4 Rebar fastening design concept .................................................................................... 174
8.4.1 Scope .................................................................................................................. 174
8.4.2 Symbols............................................................................................................... 175
8.4.3 Fastening design approach ................................................................................. 178
8.4.4 Design tables ....................................................................................................... 182
Design tables for Hilti HIT-HY 150 .................................................................... 186
Design tables for Hilti HIT-RE 500 .................................................................... 187
8.5 Test reports, Supplementary information ......................................................................... 190

8.5.1 Relevant reports .................................................................................................. 190
8.5.2 Test results: Pull-out tests on rebars ................................................................... 190
8.5.3 Test results: Full scale beam test ........................................................................ 192
6
Contents
9 DX Powder actuated fastening 193
9.1 Introduction to DX fastening ............................................................................................. 193

9.2 Table of DX symbols & nomenclature .............................................................................. 194
9.3 X-DNI general purpose nails for concrete, sand lime masonry & steel ............................ 195
9.4 X-CR stainless steel nails for fastening to steel ............................................................... 197
9.5 X-CR stainless steel nails for concrete, sand lime masonry & steel ................................ 199
9.6 X-CRM stainless steel threaded studs ............................................................................. 201
9.7 X-BT stainless steel threaded studs ................................................................................. 203
9.8 X-FCM & X-FF grating fastening, X-FCP floor plate fastening ......................................... 205
9.9 X-HS threaded rod hanger system, X-CC wire/rod ceiling clip ........................................ 207
7
Application guide
Application guide
Anchor Details Concrete
HVU adhesive anchor Comprises a foil capsule & threaded rods

or internally threaded sleeves. Styrene
free vinylurethane resins, give high
loadings, good bonding. Sizes M8 to M36
Hilti HIT injection technique The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a
composite dual foil pack with mixer. Once injected into the
hole, Hilti HIT can be used with a wide variety of
connections: anchor rods, internally threaded sleeves,
rebars etc. Sizes M8-M24 (& above as specials).
HIT-HY 150 injection mortar

The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a
hole, Hilti HIT can be used with a wide variety of
connections: anchor rods, internally threaded sleeves etc.
Sizes M8-M16.
HIT-HY 20 injection mortar
The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a

hole, Hilti HIT can be used predominantly with reinforcing
bars, but also anchor rods.
HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive
HDA-P design anchor An undercut is formed during the setting operation, using
a simple setting tool. Visual check for correct setting.
Complete removal possible. Where high loads and
HDA-T design anchor
stringent safety requirements must be met.
Sizes M10-M20.
HSL-3 heavy duty anchor A steel mechanical expansion anchor for heavy duty
fastenings, where safety is a key requirement.
Indicator nut version, HSL-3-B, with red cap nut which
breaks off when anchor correctly set. Sizes M8-M24.
HSC-A safety anchor HSC produces its own undercut when set.
The undercut is produced simultaneously
when driving the anchor sleeve over the
HSC-I anchor. Available with external and
safety anchor internal threads. Sizes M8-M12.
HSA stud anchor A stud anchor complete with nut and washer. Suitable for
in-place through fastenings. Wide range of sizes and
lengths available. M6-M20 sizes available (HSA, HSA-R)
M6-M20 sizes available.
HKD-S drop in anchor An internally threaded metal anchor, with shallow
embedment depth, which can be set flush with the surface.
M6-M20 internal thread sizes.
HUS-H concrete screw anchor A concrete screw anchor, set with a special setting tool,
directly into a drilled hole. For temporary indoor & outdoor
fixings, permanent indoor fixings.
8
Application guide
Application guide
Small edge
Flush Stainless
Solid Hollow Dynamic dist. &
setting/or steel avail. Fire rating
Masonry Masonry loading anchor
removable
spacing
9
Application guide
Application guide
HVU adhesive capsule
Thread Hole Standard Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Foil Capsule Threaded rod
Size diameter embed. depth (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) designation designation
(mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25MPa fc,cyl = 25MPa (mm) (mm)
For external thread HAS-E rod
M8 10 80 12.9 7.9 160 80 HVU-M8 x 80 HAS-E M8
M10 12 90 17.4 12.6 180 90 HVU-M10 x 90 HAS-E M10
M12 14 110 25.0 18.3 220 110 HVU-M12 x 110 HAS-E M12
M16 18 125 36.4 34.6 250 140 HVU-M16 x 125 HAS-E M16
M20 24 170 66.0 54 340 180 HVU-M20 x 170 HAS-E M20
M24 28 210 95.1 77.8 420 210 HVU-M24 x 210 HAS-E M24
M30 35 270 153.0 199.3 540 270 HVU-M30 x 270 HAS-E M30
M36 40 330 213.5 291.5 660 330 HVU-M36 x 330 HAS-E M36
Loads are based on HAS-E rod; grade 5.8 steel ( M8 - M24) and grade 8.8 ( M30 - M36)
For internal thread HIS-N sleeve

M8 14 90 9.8 7 180 90 HVU-M10 x 90 HIS-N M8
M10 18 110 15.4 11.1 220 110 HVU-M12 x 110 HIS-N M10
M12 22 125 22.5 16.2 250 140 HVU-M16 x 125 HIS-N M12
M16 28 170 41.8 30.2 340 180 HVU-M20 x 170 HIS-N M16
M20 32 205 65.6 47 410 210 HVU-M24 x 210 HIS-N M20
Load values for HIS-N are based using grade 4.6 bolt
Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive
Thread Hole Standard Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Ordering
size diameter embed. depth (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) designation
(mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm)
M8 10 80 12.9 7.9 160 80 HAS-E M8
M10 12 90 17.4 12.6 180 90 HAS-E M10
M12 14 110 25.0 18.3 220 110 HAS-E M12
M16 18 125 36.4 34.6 250 140 HAS-E M16
M20 24 170 66.0 54.0 340 180 HAS-E M20
M24 28 210 95.1 77.8 420 210 HAS-E M24
M30 35 270 153.0 199.3 540 270 HAS-E M30
M36 40 330 213.5 291.5 660 330 HAS-E M36
Loads are based on HAS-E rod; grade 5.8 steel (M8 - M24) and grade 8.8 (M30 - M36)
Hilti HIT-HY 150 injection mortar
M8 10 80 8.8 7.9 160 80 HAS-E M8 x 80/14 anchor rod
M20 22 170 38.2 54 340 180 HAS-E M20 x 170/48 anchor rod
Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static)

Vrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Shear Resistance (static)
Vrd1) = Steel failure in shear (with no edge distance or anchor spacing influences, based on Hilti CC method)
Edge distance min. and spacing min. refer to the critical edge distance and spacing to retain full load capacity in tension only.
For shear loads and closer edge distances or spacings please refer to the Hilti Fastening Technology Manual or contact your local
Hilti Engineer
10
Application guide
Application guide

For internal thread HIS-N sleeve
M8 14 90 9.8 7 180 90 HIS-N M8 x 90 anchor sleeve
M10 18 110 14.9 11.1 220 110 HIS-N M10 x 110 anchor sleeve
M20 32 205 39.1 47 420 210 HIS-N M20 x 205 anchor sleeve
Load values for HIS-N are based using grade 4.6 bolt

Hollow concrete block Extruded brick
Thread Hole Standard Nrec Vrec Nrec Vrec Use with Ordering designation
size diameter embed. depth (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) required sleeve
(mm) (mm)
For External thread HIT-AN rod
M8 16 85 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-AN M8 x 80/9 anchor rod
M10 16 85 1.5 2.8 3.2 5.5 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-AN M10 x 80/16 anchor rod
M12 16 85 1.5 3 3.5 7.5 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-AN M12 x 80/19 anchor rod
M16 20 85 1.5 4 4 10 HIT-SC 20/85 HIT-A M16 x 130 anchor rod
For Internal thread HIT-IG sleeve

M8 16 85 1.5 2.5 3 3.5 HIT-SC 16/85 HIT-IG M8 anchor sleeve
M10 20 85 1.5 2.8 3.2 5.5 HIT-SC 20/85 HIT-IG M10 anchor sleeve
M12 20 85 1.5 3 3.5 7.5 HIT-SC 20/85 HIT-IG M12 anchor sleeve
Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive
ANCHOR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar
Bar Hole Standard Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min
size diameter embed. depth (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension)
N10 12-14 90 20.3 31.4 180 90
N12 15-16 110 29.7 45.2 220 110
N16 20-22 125 45.0 80.4 250 125
N20 25-28 170 76.4 125.7 340 170
N24 29-32 210 117.9 181 420 210
N28 34-37 270 148.2 246.3 540 270
N32 39-42 300 174.3 321.7 600 300
N36 44-46 330 198.6 407.2 660 330
N40 48-50 360 222.6 502.7 720 360
REBAR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar

See design tables on pages 186-189
This model is used when the designer is required to transfer the existing steel stresses in a cast-in reinforcing bar
to a "post-fixed" reinforcing bar.
Nrec = Recommended working tensile load (static)
Vrec = Recommended working shear load (static)
Hilti Engineer
11
Application guide
Application guide
HDA-T*
Thread Hole Anchorage Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. Tightening Ordering
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) min (tension) torque designation
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
M10 20 100 20 21 30.7 43.3 300 150 50 HDA-T 20-M10x100/20

M12 22 125 30 23 44.7 53.3 375 187 80 HDA-T 22-M12x125/30
M12 22 125 50 23 44.7 53.3 375 187 80 HDA-T 22-M12x125/50
M16 30 190 40 32 84.0 93.3 570 285 120 HDA-T 30-M16x190/40
M16 30 190 60 32 84.0 93.3 570 285 120 HDA-T 30-M16x190/60
M20 37 250 50 40 130.7 140.0 750 375 300 HDA-T 37-M20x250/50
M20 37 250 100 40 130.7 140.0 750 375 300 HDA-T 37-M20x250/100
HDA-P*
Thread Hole Anchor. Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. Tight. Ordering
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) min (tens.) torque designation
M10 20 100 20 12 30.7 17.6 300 150 50 HDA-P 20-M10x100/20

M12 22 125 30 14 44.7 24.0 375 187 80 HDA-P 22-M12x125/30
M12 22 125 50 14 44.7 24.0 375 187 80 HDA-P 22-M12x125/50
M16 30 190 40 18 84.0 49.6 570 285 120 HDA-P 30-M16x190/40
M16 30 190 60 18 84.0 49.6 570 285 120 HDA-P 30-M16x190/60
M20 37 250 50 22 130.7 78.4 750 375 300 HDA-P 37-M20x250/50
M20 37 250 100 22 130.7 78.4 750 375 300 HDA-P 37-M20x250/100
* may be subject to lead time. Contact your local Hilti Engineer
HSL-3-B
Thread Hole Hole Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. depth fastened hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) min. (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
(mm)
M12 18 105 25 20 26.5 57.4 240 120 HSL-3-B M12/25

M12 18 105 50 20 26.5 57.4 240 120 HSL-3-B M12/50
M16 24 125 25 26 36.9 80.9 300 150 Automatic HSL-3-B M16/25
M16 24 125 50 26 36.9 80.9 300 150 Torque HSL-3-B M16/50
M20 28 155 30 31 51.6 113.5 375 190 Control HSL-3-B M20/30
M20 28 155 60 31 51.6 113.5 375 190 Cap HSL-3-B M20/60
M24 32 180 30 35 67.9 141.9 450 225 HSL-3-B M24/30
M24 32 180 60 35 67.9 141.9 450 225 HSL-3-B M24/60

Hilti Engineer
12
Application guide
Application guide
HSL-3
(mm)
M8 12 80 20 14 11.5 24.9 180 90 25 HSL-3 M8/20

M10 15 90 20 17 16.9 39.4 210 105 50 HSL-3 M10/20
M10 15 90 40 17 16.9 39.4 210 105 50 HSL-3 M10/40
M12 18 105 25 20 26.5 57.4 240 120 80 HSL-3 M12/25
M12 18 105 50 20 26.5 57.4 240 120 80 HSL-3 M12/50
M16 24 125 25 26 36.9 80.9 300 150 120 HSL-3 M16/25
M16 24 125 50 26 36.9 80.9 300 150 120 HSL-3 M16/50
M20 28 155 30 31 51.6 113.5 375 190 200 HSL-3 M20/30
M20 28 155 60 31 51.6 113.5 375 190 200 HSL-3 M20/60
M24 32 180 30 35 67.9 141.9 450 225 250 HSL-M24/30
M24 32 180 60 35 67.9 141.9 450 225 250 HSL-M24/60
HSL-G-R* (stainless steel)

Thread Hole Hole Max thick. Clearance Nrd Vrd Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
(mm)
M8 12 80 20 14 10.4 14.9 195 165 25 HSL-G-R M8/20

M10 15 90 20 17 15.1 23.5 225 190 40 HSL-G-R M10/20
M12 18 100 25 20 19.1 34.1 240 200 80 HSL-G-R M12/25
M16 24 125 25 26 30.9 63.6 315 265 120 HSL-G-R M16/25
M20 28 155 30 31 47.3 99.3 390 325 200 HSL-G-R M20/30
* available subject to lead time. Contact your local Hilti Engineer
HSC-A
M8 14 46 15 9 9.4 11.7 120 60 10 HSC-A M8x40/15

M10 16 46.5 20 12 9.4 18.6 120 60 20 HSC-A M10x40/20
M12 18 68 20 14 17.2 27.0 180 90 30 HSC-A M12x60/20

Hilti Engineer
13
Application guide
Application guide
HSC-I
Thread Hole Hole Clearance Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. depth hole (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
M8 16 46.5 9 9.4 9.8 120 60 10 HSC-I M8x40

M10 18 56 12 13.1 12.2 150 75 20 HSC-I M10x50
M10 18 68 12 17.2 12.2 180 90 30 HSC-I M10x60
M12 20 68.5 14 17.2 14.6 180 90 30 HSC-I M12x60
HSA (common sizes here only)

(mm)
M6 6 55 10 7 3.3 3.6 120 60 5 HSA M6 x 65

M6 6 55 30 7 3.3 3.6 120 60 5 HSA M6 x 85
M8 8 65 10 9 6.7 6.5 144 72 15 HSA M8 x 75
M8 8 65 27 9 6.7 6.5 144 72 15 HSA M8 x 92
M10 10 70 20 12 6.7 9.9 150 75 30 HSA M10 x 90
M10 10 70 37 12 6.7 9.9 150 75 30 HSA M10 x 108
M10 10 70 50 12 6.7 9.9 150 75 30 HSA M10 x 120
M12 12 95 5 14 11.9 14.2 210 105 50 HSA M12 X 100
M12 12 95 25 14 11.9 14.2 210 105 50 HSA M12 X 120
M12 12 95 55 14 11.9 14.2 210 105 50 HSA M12 X 150
M12 12 95 85 14 11.9 14.2 210 105 50 HSA M12 X 180
M16 16 115 5 18 23.3 26.5 252 126 100 HSA M16 X 120
M16 16 115 25 18 23.3 26.5 252 126 100 HSA M16 X 140
M16 16 115 75 18 23.3 26.5 252 126 100 HSA M16 x 190
M20 20 130 30 22 33.3 41.5 309 154 200 HSA M20 x 170
Load values are based on standard anchorage depths

Hilti Engineer
14
Application guide
Application guide
HKD-S drop-in anchor

Thread Hole Hole depth Screwing Nrd Vrd1) Spacing min Edge dist. min Max. Tight. Ordering designation
Size dia. min. depth (kN) (kN) (tension) (tension) torque
(mm) (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (mm) (mm) (Nm)
M6 8 27 11 3.3 2.4 75 88 5 HKD-S M6 x 25

M8 10 33 10/13 5.1 4.4 90 105 8 HKD-S M8 X 30
M10 12 33 12/12 5.1 5.9 90 105 15 HKD-S M10 x 30
M10 12 43 12/16 7.8 6.4 120 140 15 HKD-S M10 x 40
M12 15 54 14/22 10.9 10.1 150 175 35 HKD-S M12 x 50
M16 20 70 18/28 19.4 17.5 190 227 60 HKD-S M16 x 65
M20 25 85 23/34 26.5 27.8 235 280 120 HKD-S M20 x 80
(Shear values are based on using a 4.6 grade bolt)
HUS-H concrete screw anchor

Hole Hole Max thick. Nrd Vrd1) Tight. Ordering designation
dia. depth fastened (kN) (tension) torque
(mm) min. (mm) (mm) fc,cyl = 25 MPa fc,cyl = 25 MPa (Nm)
Concrete Screw Anchor 8
8 50 5 5.1 10.3 35 HUS-H 10.5 x 55
8 50/60 15/5 5.1/6.8 10.3 35 HUS-H 10.5 x 65
8 50/60 25/15 5.1/6.8 10.3 35 HUS-H 10.5 x 75
8 50/60 40/30 5.1/6.8 10.3 35 HUS-H 10.5 x 90

10 60 5 7.2 14.4 45 HUS-H 12.5 x 65
10 60/70 15/5 7.2/8.8 14.4 45 HUS-H 12.5 x 75
10 60/70 25/15 7.2/8.8 14.4 45 HUS-H 12.5 x 85
10 60/70 40/30 7.2/8.8 14.4 45 HUS-H 12.5 x 100

14 70 10 15.8 34.1 65 HUS-H 16.5 x 80
14 70/90/110 45/25/5 15.8/24.5/30 34.1/36.7/37.8 65 HUS-H 16.5 x 115
For anchor spacings & edge distances please refer to relevant pages in this manual, or contact your local Hilti Engineer.

Hilti Engineer
15
Base Materials
16
Base Materials
If the tensile strength of concrete is exceeded, cracks form,

which, as a rule, cannot be seen. Experience has shown that the If cracks in the tension zone exist,
crack width does not exceed the figure regarded as admissible, suitable anchor systems are required.
i.e. w 0.3mm, if the concrete is under a constant load. If it is
subjected predominately to forces of constraint, individual
cracks might be wider if no additional reinforcement is provided
in the concrete to restrict the crack width. If a concrete component
is subjected to a bending load, the cracks have a wedge shape
across the component cross-section and they end close to the
neutral axis. It is recommended that anchor systems which have
the follow-up expansion feature and are of the force-controlled type,
e.g. HSL-3, DBZ, or undercut anchor systems, e.g. HDA and HSC,
be used in the tension zone of concrete components.
Other types of anchors can be used if they are set at such a depth
that their anchoring section is positioned in the compression zone.
Anchors are set in both low-strength and high-strength concrete.

Generally, the range of the cylinder compressive strength, c,cyl
is between 20 and 50 MPa. Expansion anchors should not be
set in concrete which has not cured for more than seven days. Observe curing of concrete when
If anchors are loaded immediately after they have been set, the using expansion anchors.
loading capacity can be assumed to be only the actual strength
of the concrete at that time. If an anchor is set and the load
applied later, the loading capacity can be assumed to be the
concrete strength determined at the time of applying the load.
Cutting through reinforcement when drilling anchor holes must

be avoided. If this is not possible, the design engineer responsible Avoid cutting reinforcement.
must be consulted first.
1.2 Masonry
Masonry is a heterogeneous base material. The hole being
drilled for an anchor can run into mortar joints or cavities.
Owing to the relatively low strength of masonry, the loads taken
up locally cannot be particularly high. A tremendous variety of
types and shapes of masonry bricks are on the market, e.g. clay Different types and shapes
bricks, sand-lime bricks or concrete bricks, all of different
shapes and either solid or with cavities. Hilti offers a range of
different fastening solutions for this variety of masonry base
material, e.g. the HPS-1, HRD, HUD, HIT, etc.
If there are doubts when selecting a fastener/anchor, your local

Hilti sales representative will be pleased to provide assistance.
When making a fastening, care must be taken to ensure that a plaster coating is not a base material
layer of insulation or plaster is not used as the base material. for fastenings.
The specified anchorage depth (depth of embedment) must be
in the actual base material.
17
Base Materials
1.3 Other base materials

Aerated concrete Gas concrete: This is manufactured from fine-grained sand as
the aggregate, lime and/or cement as the binding agent, water
and aluminium as the gas-forming agent. The density is between
400 and 800 kg/m 3 and the compressive strength 2 to 6 MPa.
Hilti offers the HGN and HRD anchors for this base material.
Lightweight concrete Lightweight concrete: This is concrete which has a low density, i.e.
1800kg/m,3 and a porosity that reduces the strength of the
concrete and thus the loading capacity of an anchor. Hilti offers
the HRD, HUD, HGN, etc anchor systems for this base
material.
Drywall/gypsum panels Drywall (plasterboard/gypsum) panels: These are mostly building

components without a supporting function, such as wall and ceiling
panels, to which less important, so-called secondary fastenings are
made. The Hilti anchors suitable for this material are the HLD and HHD.
Variety of base materials In addition to the previously named building materials, a large
variety of others, e.g. natural stone, etc, can be encountered in
practice. Furthermore, special building components are also
made from the previously mentioned materials which, because
of manufacturing method and configuration, result in base
materials with peculiarities that must be given careful attention,
e.g. hollow ceiling floor components, etc.
Descriptions and explanations of each of these would go

beyond the bounds of this manual. Generally though, fastenings
can be made to these materials. In some cases, test reports
exist for these special materials. It is also recommended that the
design engineer, company carrying out the work and Hilti technical
staff hold a discussion in each case.
Jobsite tests In some cases, testing on the jobsite should be arranged to verify
the suitability and the loading capacity of the selected anchor.
18
Base Materials
1.4 Why does an anchor hold in a base material?

There are three basic working principles which make an anchor
hold in a building material:
Friction
The tensile load, N, is Friction
transferred to the base
material by friction, R. T he
expansion force, Fexp, is
necessary for this to take
place. It is produced, for
example, by driving in an
expansion plug (HKD).
Keying
R The tensile load, N, is in

equilibrium with the
N supporting forces, R, Keying
acting on the base
material, such as with the
R HDA anchor.
Bonding
An adhesive bond is
produced between the
anchor rod and the hole
wall by a synthetic resin Bonding
adhesive, such as with
the HVU anchor.
Combination of working principles

Many anchors obtain their holding power from a combination of Combination of working principles
the above-mentioned working principles.
For example, an anchor exerts an expansion force against

wall of its hole as a result of the displacement of a cone
relative to a sleeve. This permits the longitudinal force to be
transferred to the anchor by friction. At the same time, this
expansion force causes permanent local deformation of the
base material, above all in the case of metal anchors. A keying
action results which enables the longitudinal force in the anchor
to be transferred additionally to the base material.
19
Base Materials
Force-controlled and movement- In the case of expansion anchors, a distinction is made between
controlled expansion anchors force-controlled and movement-controlled types. The expansion
force of force-controlled expansion anchors is dependent on
the tensile force in the anchor (HSL-3 heavy-duty anchor). This
tensile force is produced, and thus controlled, when a tightening
torque is applied to expand the anchor.
In the case of movement-controlled types, expansion takes

place over a distance that is predetermined by the geometry
of the anchor in the expanded state. Thus an expansion force is
produced (HKD anchor) which is governed by the modulus of
elasticity of the base material.
Adhesive/resin anchor The synthetic resin of an adhesive anchor infiltrates into the
pores of the base material and, after it has hardened and cured,
achieves a local keying action in addition to the bond.
1.4.1 Failure modes
1.4.1.1 Effects of static loading

Failure patterns The failure patterns of anchor fastenings subjected to a
continually increased load can be depicted as follows:
1. 2.
3. 3a. 4.
Causes of failure The weakest point in an anchor fastening determines the cause
of failure. Modes of failure, 1. break-out, 2. anchor pull-away
and, 3., 3a., failure of anchor parts, occur mostly when single anchors that
are a suitable distance from an edge or the next anchor, are subjected
to a pure tensile load. These causes of failure govern the max.
loading capacity of anchors. On the other hand, a small edge
distance causes mode of failure 4. edge breaking. The ultimate
loads are then smaller than those of the previously mentioned modes
of failure. The tensile strength of the fastening base material is
exceeded in the cases of break-out, edge breaking and splitting.
Combined load Basically, the same modes of failure take place under a combined
load. The mode of failure 1. break-out, becomes more seldom
as the angle between the direction of the applied load and the
anchor axis increases.
20
Base Materials
Generally, a shear load causes a conchoidal (shell-like) area of Shear load

spall on one side of the anchor hole and, subsequently, the anchor
parts suffer bending tension or shear failure. If the distance
from an edge is small and the shear load is towards the free
edge of a building component, however, the edge breaks away.
1.4.1.2 Influence of cracks

It is not possible for a reinforced concrete structure to be
built which does not have cracks in it under working
conditions. Provided that they do not exceed a certain width,
however, it is not at all necessary to regard cracks as defects Very narrow cracks are not defects
in a structure. W ith this in mind, the designer of a structure
assumes that cracks will exist in the tension zone of reinforced
concrete components when carrying out the design work
(condition II). T ensile forces from bending are taken up in a
composite construction by suitably sized reinforcement in the
form of ribbed steel bars, whereas the compressive forces from
bending are taken up by the concrete (compression zone). T he
reinforcement is only utilised efficiently if the concrete in the
tension zone is permitted to be stressed (elongated) to such an
extent that it cracks under the working load. T he position of the
tension zone is determined by the static/design system and
wher e the load is applied to the structure. Normally,
the cracks run in one direction (line or parallel cracks). Only in
rare cases, such as with reinforced concrete slabs stressed in
two planes, can cracks also run in two directions.
Testing and application conditions for anchors are currently
being drafted internationally based on the research results of
anchor manufacturers and universities. T hese will guarantee
the functional reliability and safety of anchor fastenings made
in cracked concrete.
When anchor fastenings are made in non-cracked concrete, Efficient utilisation of reinforcement
equilibrium is established by a tensile stress condition of
rotational symmetry around the anchor axis. If a crack exists,
the loadbearing mechanisms are seriously disrupted
because virtually no annular tensile forces can be taken up
beyond the edge of the crack. T he disruption caused Loadbearing mechanisms
disrupted by the crack reduces the loadbearing capacity of the
anchor system.
Crack plane
a) Non-cracked concrete b) Cracked concrete
21
Base Materials
The width of a crack in a concrete component has a major

influence on the tensile loading capacity of all fasteners, not
only anchors, but also cast-in items, such as headed studs. A
crack width of about 0.3mm is assumed when designing anchor
Reduction factor for cracked concrete fastenings. The reduction factor which can be used for the
ultimate tensile loads of anchor fastenings made in cracked
concrete as opposed to non-cracked concrete may be assumed to
be 0.65 to 0.70 for the HSC anchor, for example.
Larger reduction factors for ultimate tensile loads
must be anticipated (used in calculations) in the case of all those
anchors which were set in the past without any consideration of
the above-mentioned influence of cracks. In this respect, the
safety factor to use to allow for the failure of cracked concrete
is not the same as the figure given in product information,
i.e. all previous figures in the old anchor manual. This is an
unacceptable situation which is being eliminated through specific
testing with anchors set in cracked concrete, and adding suitable
information to the product description sheets.
Since international testing conditions for anchors are based on

the above-mentioned crack widths, no theoretical relationship
between ultimate tensile loads and different crack widths has
been given.
Pretensioning force in anchor bolts/rods The statements made above apply primarily to static loading
conditions. If the loading is dynamic, the clamping force and
pretensioning force in an anchor bolt /rod play a major role.
If a crack propagates in a reinforced concrete component
after an anchor has been set, it must be assumed that the
pretensioning force in the anchor will decrease and, as a result,
the clamping force from the fixture (part fastened) will be
reduced (lost). The properties of this fastening for dynamic
loading will then have deteriorated. To ensure that an anchor
fastening remains suitable for dynamic loading even after cracks
appear in the concrete, the clamping force and pretensioning
Loss of pretensioning force due to cracks force in the anchor must be upheld. Suitable measures to achieve
this can be sets of springs or similar devices.
22
Corrosion
2 Corrosion
Material recommendations to counteract corrosion
Application General conditions Recommendations
Initial/carcass construction
Temporary fastening: Outside and inside applications Zinc plated or coated

Forming, site fixtures, scaffolding
Structural fastening: Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns
Brackets, columns, beams
Damp inside rooms with occasional Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
condensation due to high humidity min. 45 microns
and temperature fluctuations
Frequent and long-lasting A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped

condensation (greenhouses), open galvanised
inside rooms or open halls / sheds
Composite construction Protection due to alkalinity of Zinc plated 5-10 microns

concrete
Interior finishing
Drywalls, suspended ceilings, Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns
windows, doors, railings / fences,
elevators, fire escapes
Facades / roofing
Profiled metal sheets, curtain Rural atmosphere Inside Zinc plated 5-10 microns
wall cladding, insulation (without emissions) application
fastenings, facade support
framing Outside Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
application min. 45 microns
Insulating Dacromet / plastic, A4 (316) steels

materials
Town / city Inside Zinc plated 5-10 microns

atmosphere: application
High SO2 and Nox
contents, chlorides Outside Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
from road salt can application min. 45 microns,
accumulate/ Hilti-HCR if chlorides exist
concentration on parts
not weathered directly Insulating A4 (316) steels
materials
Industrial atmosphere: Inside Zinc plated 5-10 microns

High SO2 content and application
other corrosive
substances (without Outside A4 (316) steels
halides) application
Insulating A4 (316) steels

materials
Coastal atmosphere: Inside Zinc plated 5-10 microns

High content of application
chlorides, combined
with industrial Outside Hilti-HCR
atmosphere application
Insulating Hilti-HCR
materials
23
Corrosion
Installations
Conduit installation, cable runs, Dry inside rooms, no condensation Zinc plated 5-10 microns
air ducts
Damp inside rooms, poorly Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
Electrical systems: ventilated rooms, cellar / basement min. 45 microns
Runs, lighting, aerials shafts, occasional condensation due
to high humidity and temperature
Industrial equipment: fluctuations
Crane rails, barriers, conveyors,
machine fastening Frequent and long-lasting A4 (316) steels, possibly hot-dipped
condensation (greenhouses), non- galvanised
enclosed inside rooms or open
sheds / buildings
Road and bridge construction
Conduit installation, cable runs, Directly weathered (chlorides are Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
traffic signs, noise-insulating regularly washed off) min. 45 microns, A4 (316) steels,
walls, crash barriers / guard rails, Duplex steel or austenitic steel with
connecting structures approx. 4-5% Mo
Frequently heavy exposure to road Hilti HCR

salt, highly relevant to safety
Tunnel construction
Tunnel foils / sheeting, Secondary relevance for safety Duplex steel, poss. A4 (316) steels
reinforcing mesh, traffic signs,
lighting, tunnel wall cladding / Highly relevant to safety Hilti-HCR
lining, air ducts, ceiling
suspensions, etc.
Dock/harbour/port facilities/off-shore rigs
Fastenings to quaysides, dock / Secondary relevance for safety, Hot-dipped galvanised

harbour temporary fastenings
High humidity, chlorides, often a Hilti-HCR

superimposed "industrial
atmosphere" or changes of oil / sea
water
On the platform / rig A4 (316) steels
Industry / chemical industry
Conduit installation, cable runs, Dry inside rooms Zinc plated 5-10 microns
connecting structures, lighting
Corrosive inside rooms, e.g. A4 (316) steels, Hilti-HCR
fastenings in laboratories,
galvanising / plating plants etc., very
corrosive vapours
Outside applications, very heavy A4 (316) steels

exposure to SO2 and additional
corrosive substances (only acidic
surroundings)
Power plants
Fastenings relevant to safety Dry inside rooms Zinc plated 5-10 microns
Outside applications, very heavy A4 (316) steels

exposure to SO2
24
Corrosion
Smoke-stacks of waste incineration plants
Fastening of, for ex ample, In lower section of stack Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized

service ladders, lightening min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels
conductors
In top section of stack, condensation Hilti-HCR
of acids and often high chloride and
other halide concentrations
Sewage / waste water treatment
Conduit installation, cable runs, In the atmosphere, high humidity, Hot-dipped galvanised/sherardized
connecting structures etc. sewage / digester gases etc. min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels
Underwater applications, municipal Hilti-HCR

sewage / waste water, industrial
waste water
Multi-storey car parks
Fastening of, for ex ample, guard Large amounts of chlorides (road Hilti-HCR
rails, handrails, balustrades salt) carried in by vehicles, many wet
and dry cycles
Indoor swimming pools
Fastening of, for ex ample, Fastenings relevant to safety Hilti-HCR

service ladders, handrails,
suspended ceilings
Sports grounds / facilities / stadiums
Fastening of, for ex ample, seats, In rural atmosphere Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized
handrails, fences min. 45 microns
In town / city atmosphere Hot-dipped galvanised / sherardized

min. 45 microns A4 (316) steels
Inaccessible fastenings A4 (316) steels
25
Dynamic Design for Anchors
3.1 Dynamic Design for Anchors

Detailed informations are available from your local Hilti Engineer or in the brochure: Dynamic
Design for Anchors, Hilti AG, 2001 W 2611 0601 20-e
Actions
Common engineering design usually focuses around static loads. This chapter is intended to point out those
cases, where static simplification may cause severe misjudgement and usually under-design of important struc-
tures.
Static loads can be segregated as follows:

Static loads
Own (dead) weight
Permanent actions
Loads of non-loadbearing components, e.g. floor covering, screed, or
from constraint (due to temperature change or sinking of supports /
columns)
Changing actions
working loads (fitting / furnishing , machines, normal wear)
Snow
Wind
Temperature
Dynamic actions The main difference between static and dynamic loads is the effective-
ness of inertia and damping forces. These forces result from induced
acceleration and must be taken into account when determining section
forces and anchoring forces.
Typical Dynamic Actions Dynamic actions can generally be classified into 3 different groups:
Fatigue loads
Seismic loads
Shock loads
Examples for Fatigue Loads Two main groups of fatigue type loading can be identified:
Vibration type loading of fasteners with very high recurrence and usu-
ally low amplitude (e.g. ventilators, production machinery, etc.).
Repeated loading and unloading of structures with high loads and fre-
quent recurrence (cranes, elevators, robots, etc.).
Actions relevant to fatigue Actions causing fatigue have a large number of load cycles which pro-
duce changes in stress in the affected fastening. These stresses result in
a decrease in strength, which is all the greater the larger the change in
stress and the larger the number of load cycles are (fatigue). When
evaluating actions causing fatigue, not only the type of action, but also
the planned or anticipated fastening life expectancy is of major impor-
tance.
Examples for Seismic Loads Generally, all fastenings in structures situated in seismically active areas can
be subject to seismic loading. However, due to cost considerations, usually
only critical fastenings whose failure would result in loss of human life or sig-
nificant weakening of the overall structure are designed for seismic loads.
26
Earthquakes / Ground movement during an earthquake / seismic tremors leads to rela-

seismic actions tive displacement of a building foundation. Owing to the inertia of its
mass, the building cannot or is unable to follow this movement without
deformation. Due to the stiffness of the structure, restoring forces are set
up and vibration is induced. This results in stress and strain for the struc-
ture, the parts fastened and the installations. Earthquake frequencies
often lead to resonance phenomena which cause larger vibration ampli-
tudes on the upper floors.
In view of the low ductility of anchors / fasteners, seismic loads generally

have to be taken up by a high loading capacity and very little deformation.
A fastening should be able to withstand design basis earthquakes without
damage. Determining the forces acting on a fastening is difficult and spe-
cialists thus provide them.
Examples of Shock Loading Shock loads are mostly unusual loading situations, even though some-
times they are the only loading case a structure is designed for (e.g.
crash barriers, protection nets, ship or aeroplane impacts and falling
rocks, avalanches and explosions, etc.).
Shock Shock-like phenomena have generally a very short duration and tremen-
dously high forces which, however, generally only occur as individual
peaks. As the probability of such a phenomenon to occur during the life
expectancy of the building components concerned is comparably small,
plastic deformations of fasteners and structural members are usually
permitted.
27
Material Behaviour
...under static loading The behaviour is described essentially by the strength (tensile and com-
pressive) and the elastic-plastic behaviour of the material. These proper-
ties are generally determined by carrying out simple tests with speci-
mens.
...under fatigue impact If a material is subjected to a sustained load that changes with respect to
time, it can fail after a certain number of load cycles even though the
upper limit of the load withstood up to this time is clearly lower than the
ultimate tensile strength under static loading. This loss of strength is re-
ferred to as material fatigue.
The grade and quality of steel has a considerable influence on the alter-
nating strength. In the case of structural and heat-treatable steels, the
final strength (i.e. after 2 million load cycles or more) is approx. 25-35%
of the static strength.
In the non-loaded state, concrete already has micro-cracks in the zone of

contact of the aggregates and the cement paste, which are attributable to
the aggregates hindering shrinkage of the cement paste. The fatigue
strength of concrete is directly dependent on the grade of concrete. Con-
crete strength is reduced to about 55 65% of the initial strength after
2000000 load cycles.
...under seismic or shock The material strength is not as much influenced as under fatigue impact.
impact Other factors, as inertia, cracks, etc. influence the behaviour much more.
28
Anchor Behaviour
Fatigue When a large number of load cycles is involved, i.e. n>10 4, it is usually
the anchor in single fastenings that is critical (due to steel failure). The
concrete can only fail when an anchor is at a reduced anchorage depth
and subjected to tensile loading or an anchor is at a reduced distance
from an edge and exposed to shear loading.
Individual anchors in a multiple-anchor fastening can have a different

elastic stiffness and a displacement (slip) behaviour that differs from one
anchor to another, e.g. if an anchor is set in a crack. This leads to a re-
distribution of the forces in the anchors during the appearance of the load
cycles. Stiffer anchors are subjected to higher loads, whereas the loads
in the weaker anchors are reduced. Allowance is made for these two
effects by using a reduction factor for multiple-anchor fastenings.
Earthquakes Anchors (fasteners) subjected to seismic loading can, under circum-

stances, be stressed far beyond their static loading capacity. In view of
this, the respective suitability tests are carried out using a level of action
(loading) that is considerably higher than the working load level. The
behaviour of anchors under seismic action depends on the magnitude of
loading, the direction of loading, the base material and the type of an-
chor. After an earthquake, the loading capacity (ultimate state) of an an-
chor is considerably reduced (to 30 80% of the original resistance.)
With any earthquake design of fasteners, concrete cracks resulting from
seismic activity should be taken into consideration.
When designing anchor fastenings, it is important to remember that they

cannot be regarded as something isolated to take up seismic forces, but
that they must be incorporated in the overall context of a design.
Shock Load increase times in the range of milliseconds can be simulated during
tests on servo-hydraulic testing equipment. The following main effects can
then be observed:
deformation is greater when the breaking load is reached.
the energy absorbed by an anchor is also much higher.
breaking loads are of roughly the same magnitude during static load-
ing and shock-loading tests.
In this respect, more recent investigations show that the base material
(cracked or non-cracked concrete), has no direct effect on the load-
bearing behaviour.
Suitability under fatigue Both mechanical and chemical anchors are basically suitable for fasten-
loading ings subjected to fatigue loading. Hilti manufactures the HDA and HVZ
anchors of special grades of steel resistant to fatigue and has also sub-
jected them to suitable tests.
Suitability under seismic Where fastenings subjected to seismic loading are concerned, chemical
loading anchors take preference. There are, however, accompanying require-
ments to be met, such as behaviour in a fire. These restrictions can make
mechanical systems preferable.
Suitability under shock To date, mechanical anchor systems have been used primarily for appli-
loading cations in civil defence installations. More recently, adhesive systems
suitable for use in cracked concrete have been developed, e.g. the HVZ
anchor.
29
Dynamic Set for Shear Resistance Upgrade
3.2 Upgrading shear resistance using the Dynamic Set

If a multiple-anchor fastening is loaded towards the edge of a concrete member (shear load), the gap
between anchor shaft and clearance hole has an important role. An uneven shear load distribution within
the anchors in the fastening is the result as the clearance hole is always larger than the anchor diameter
to ensure an easy installation. Design methods take this fact into account by assuming that only the row
of anchors nearest to the concrete edge takes up all the shear load.
row of load-bearing
edge of row of non load-bearing anchors
concrete
concrete failure surface
The second row of anchors can be activated only after a considerable slip of the anchoring plate. This
slip normally takes place after the edge failure of the outside row. The effect of the clearance hole gap
on the internal load distribution increases if the shear load direction changes during the service life. To
make anchors suitable for alternating shear loads, Hilti developed the so called Dynamic Set. This
consists of a special washer, which permits HIT injection adhesive to be dispensed into the clearance
hole, a spherical washer, a nut and a lock nut.
perspective plan view
injection washer spherical washer nut lock nut
By using the dynamic set for static fastenings, the shear resistance is improved significantly. The
unfavourable situation that only one row of anchors takes up all loads no longer exists and the load is
distributed uniformly among all anchors. A series of experiments has verified this assumption. An
example from this test programme, double fastenings with HVZ M10 anchors with and without the
Dynamic Set are shown to compare resulting shear resistance and stiffness.
30
Dynamic Set for Shear Resistance Upgrade
injected
with Dynamic Set (extended Hilti method)
slotted hole
standard
without Dynamic Set (ETAG) clearance hole
member edge
The test results show clearly that according to the current practice the second row of anchors takes up the load
only after significant deformation of the plate, when the concrete edge has already failed. The injection and the
Dynamic Set resulted in a continuous load increase until the whole multiple fastening fails.
When carrying out a simple fastening design, it may be assumed if the Dynamic Set is used the overall load
bearing capacity of the multiple fastening is equal to the resistance of the first row of anchors multiplied by the
number of rows in the fastening. If injection with the Dynamic Set is used, the ETAG restrictions on more than 6
anchor fastenings can be overcome.
Example:
Resistance to concrete edge failure of a nine (3x3) anchor plate (no other edges, no eccentricity, member
thickness ok, loading direction towards the edge):
c1
s1 V
s2
A c,V
ETAG: VRk,c = VRk,
0
c
x
A 0c,V
A c, V
Hilti (extended Hilti CC Method using the Dynamic Set): V inject. = 3 x (V Rk,
0
c x
)
Rk, c
A 0c, V
Improvements with Dynamic Set:
Injection washer:
Fills clearance hole and thus guarantees that the
load is uniformly distributed among all anchors.
Spherical washer:
Reduces bending moment acting on anchor shaft
not set at right angles and thus increases the
tensile loading capacity.
Lock nut:
Prevents loosening of the nut and thus lifting of
the anchoring plate away from the concrete in
case of cyclic loading.
31
Fire
4 Resistance to fire
Tested fasteners for passive structural fire prevention C
1000
AU U. BRA
IVB fanstalt NDS
Tested according to the international
SS ialpr fr
r
standard temperature curve
CH as Ba
F. Amtliche Mat A
M
500
e
d
UTZ uwesen AUN
STOFFE,
(ISO 834, DIN 4102 T.2)

D. TU BR
BAU
0
SC
HW
1
UT
30 60 90 120 Min
EIG INSTIT
Tested when set in cracked concrete
and exposed to flames without insulating
or protective measures.
F
Anchor / fastener Size Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance Report from IBMB /
time (fire resistance time in minutes) Technical
university of
F30 F60 F90 F120 F180 Brunswick, no.
HDA M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 1.00 0.70 3039 / 8151
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.20 1.00
M16 15.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
M20 25.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 3.70
HDA-F M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 1.00 0.70 3039 / 8151
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.20 1.00
M16 15.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 2.50
HDA-R M10 20.00 9.00 4.00 2.00 1.00 3039 / 8151
(s/s) M12 30.00 12.00 5.00 3.00 2.10
M16 50.00 15.00 7.50 6.00 4.70
HSC-A M8x40, x50 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
M10x40 1.50
M12x60 3.50 2.00
HSC-I M8x40 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
M10x50, x60 2.50
M12x60 2.00
HSC-AR M8x40, x50 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
(s/s) M10x40 1.50
M12x60 3.50 3.00
HSC-IR M8x40 1.50 3177 / 1722-1
(s/s) M10x50, x60 2.50
M12x60 3.50 3.00
HSL-3 M8 3.00 1.10 0.60 0.40 3027 / 0274-5
M10 7.00 2.00 1.30 0.80
M12 10.00 3.50 2.00 1.20
M16 20.00 7.50 4.00 3.00
M20 34.60 14.00 7.00 5.00
M24 45.50 21.00 12.00 8.00
HSL-G-R M8 6.90 6.90 2.00 0.80 3027 / 0274-5
(s/s) M10 10.40 10.40 4.00 2.00
M12 15.00 15.00 6.00 3.00
M16 25.70 20.00 8.00 6.00
M20 34.60 30.00 20.00 10.00
The max. loading given here applies only if the fastening maintains proper functioning in a fire. In the case of planning and
design, approvals and directives / guidelines specific to country or technical data in the Hilti fastening technology manual are
decisive.
32
Fire
university of
HSA M6 0.90 0.50 0.30 0.25 3049 / 8151
M8 1.50 0.80 0.50 0.40
M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 1.00
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.20
M16 15.00 7.00 4.00 3.00
M20 25.00 9.00 7.00 5.00
HSA-R M6 2.60 1.30 0.80 0.60 3049 / 8151
(s/s) M8 6.00 3.00 1.80 1.20
M10 9.50 4.75 3.00 2.50
M12 14.00 7.00 4.00 3.00
M16 26.00 13.00 7.50 6.00
HKD-S M6 2.00 1.00 0.40 0.30 3027 / 0274-4
HKD-SR M8 3.00 1.10 0.60 0.40
(s/s) M10 5.00 2.00 1.30 0.80
M12 8.50 3.50 2.00 1.20
M16 11.50 7.50 4.00 3.00
HKD-E
M20 18.80 14.00 7.00 5.00
HUS-H 10.5 7.00 2.65 1.50 1.00 3950 / 7261
(concrete) 12.5 9.00 3.30 1.80 1.20
HLC 6,5 (M5) 0.50 0.25 0.20 0.15 3304 / 1255-2

8 (M6) 0.50 0.25 0.20 0.15 3133 / 0856-2 (Mz)
10 (M8) 1.00 0.50 0.40 0.30 (solid sand-lime brick
12 (M10) 1.80 1.00 0.70 0.60 KSV, strength class
16 (M12) 3.00 1.70 1.20 1.00 12/II)
20 (M16) 4.00 3.75 2.70 2.20
DBZ 6/45 0.80 0.40 0.25 0.15 3794 / 7949-1
6/35 0.80 0.40 0.25 0.15
decisive.
33
Fire
Anchor / fastener Max. loading (kN) for specified fire resistance Report from IBMB /
university of
HVU + HAS-E M8 1.50 0.80 0.50 0.40 3245 / 1817-7

M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 0.90
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.00
M16 15.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
M20 25.00 9.00 7.00 5.00
M24 35.00 12.00 9.50 8.00
M30 50.00 17.00 14.00 11.00
M36 70.00 24.00 19.50 16.00
HVU + HAS-ER M8 2.00 0.80 0.50 0.40 3245 / 1817-7
/ HCR M10 6.00 3.50 1.50 1.00
(S/S) M12 13.00 9.00 5.00 3.00
M16 20.00 13.50 7.50 6.00
M20 36.00 25.50 15.00 10.00
M24 56.00 38.00 24.00 16.00
M30 85.00 58.00 36.00 24.00
M36 120.00 82.00 51.00 34.00
HVU + HIS-N M8 1.50 0.80 0.50 0.40 3245 / 1817-7
M10 4.50 2.20 1.30 0.90
M12 10.00 3.50 1.80 1.00
M16 15.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
M20 25.00 9.00 7.00 5.00
HVU + HIS-RN M8 10.00 5.00 1.80 1.00 3245 / 1817-7
(S/S) M10 20.00 9.00 4.00 2.00
M12 30.00 12.00 5.00 3.00
M16 50.00 15.00 7.50 6.00
M20 65.00 35.00 15.00 10.00
Hilti HIT-HY 20 + HIT-AN/ANR M8 1.50 0.50 0.20 3357 / 0550-4
(S/S) M10 1.50 0.50 0.20
M12 1.50 0.50 0.20
decisive.
34
Fire
university of
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + HAS-E M8 2.70 1.10 0.50 0.40 3027 / 0274-6
M10 3.60 1.90 1.00 0.60
M12 6.00 3.50 2.00 1.20
M16 7.00 5.00 3.20 2.00
M20 12.50 10.00 7.00 5.00
M24 16.00 12.50 10.00 8.00
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + HAS-ER M8 2.70 1.30 0.50 0.40 3027 / 0274-6
M10 3.60 1.90 1.00 0.60
M12 6.00 4.60 3.20 2.00
M16 7.00 5.00 3.20 2.00
M20 12.50 10.00 8.00 6.50
M24 16.00 12.50 10.00 8.50
Hilti HIT-HY 150 + Rebar Loads dependent on reinforcing bars and concrete coverage / 3162 / 6989
overlay 0.5 1.5 x Frec to F180 DIBt approval
Z-21.8 - 1648
decisive.
C
Tested fasteners for passive structural fire prevention
1200
AU U. BRA
IVB fanstalt NDS
Tested according to the german 800
SS ialpr fr
r
tunnel temperature curve
CH as Ba
F. Amtliche Mat A
M
e
d
UTZ uwesen AUN
STOFFE,
400
(ZTV-tunnel, part 1))
D. TU BR
0
BAU
SC 1
30 60 90 120 Min
HW UT
EIG INSTIT
Tested when set in cracked concrete
and exposed to flames without insulating
or protective measures.
F
Anchor / fastener Size Max. loading (kN) for specified Report from IBMB /
fire rating/integrity Technical
university of
Brunswick, no.
HVU+ M8 0.50 Additional report to
HAS-HCR M10 1.50 3245/ 1817-2
M12 1.50
M16 5.00
HKD-SR M8 0.50 Additional report to

M10 0.80 3027 / 0274-4
M12 2.50
M16 5.00
M20 6.00
35
Anchor design
5 Anchor design
5.1 Safety concept
This Fastening Technology Manual uses two different safety concepts:
Partial safety factor concept, M , F Global safety factor concept,

(Ultimate limit state design) (working stress method)
The partial safety factor concept is valid for all The global safety factor concept is valid for the
versions of the following anchors: following anchors:
HDA, HSC, HSL-3, HST, HSA, HKD, HLC, IDP, IZ, IN, IDMS, IDMR, HRA, HRC, HRT, HWB
HHD-S, DBZ, HA 8, HUS, HRD, HPS-1, HUD-1,
HUD-L, HGN, HLD, HSP, HVZ, HVU, HVA-UW,
HIT-HY 150, HIT-HY 50, HIT-HY 20, HIT-ICE,
HIT-RE 500.
Ru,m mean ultimate load Ru,m mean ultimate load
(1 k v ) (1 k v )
1) 1)
Rk characteristic load Rk characteristic load
Rd design load
1
F R
d F
S actual load Rrec Recommended load Rrec Recommended load
The safety concept, which uses the global safety factor, is being increasingly replaced by the partial safety factor
concept. One important feature of this partial safety factor concept is the strict separation of the
partial safety factors for the applied loads

and the
partial safety factors for the resistance of the fastening to these loads
Partial safety factors for loads are intended to cover uncertainties and scatter where loads are concerned. Partial
safety factors for resistance covers uncertainties and the scatter pertaining to the resistance, i.e. the load bearing
capacity of the fastening.
1)
k, depends on the number of tests,
v, coefficient of variation.
36
Anchor design
5.2 Design methods

When top-quality medium and heavy-duty fastenings have to be made in concrete, it is often necessary
for them to be sized in accordance with standard engineering practice to make sure that not only the
anchor fastening design is optimally utilised, but also that the required level of safety is guaranteed.
The current international state of the art regarding the design of fastenings [1], the so called concrete
capacity method (CC-Method) was used as the basis for this product information. This design method was
simplified to retain as much as possible of the previous design method, while including as much of the
latest approach as possible.
The main features of the new design method are:
Differentiation between failure modes: pull-out/concrete or steel failure.

The different failure modes, which occur when the anchor is loaded to failure are treated separately.
Differentiation of the safety factors based on different failure modes.
How these features are used in the actual fastening design is shown on the following pages.
The benefits of this approach are:

The new method reflects the actual anchor behaviour in a more accurate fashion. Thus leading to
higher loads in certain applications.
The differentiation between failure modes allows more flexibility with regard to the steel elements
without having to perform a new design calculation.
The data given are in conformance with upcoming design codes such as the design method according
to ETAG Annex C or ACI 318 chapter 22 (or see Ref. [1]).
The anchors for which this design method is used are:

HDA, HSL-3, HSC, HKD, HST, HSA, HVZ, HIT-TZ, HVA, HVA-UW, HIT-HY 150, HIT-ICE, HIT-RE 500
This Fastening Technology Manual also includes the Traditional Hilti Design Method, shown on page
47. This design method, which uses the global safety concept, is being increasingly replaced by the above
mentioned design methods (Hilti CC or ETAG CC) with the partial safety factor concept. The anchor for
which the Traditional Hilti Desgin Method can be used is: HSL-G-R
The anchors for light-duty (HLC, DBZ, HA8, HHD, HLD, HPS-1, HRD, HUD, HGN, HUS-S, HSP, IN, IDP,
IDMS, IDMR, IZ, HIT-HY 50, HIT-HY 20) as well as the anchors for special applications (HRC, HRT, HRA,
HWB) are used with the anchor fastening being designed, only on a very simple basis. The load values
are based on test results, made in mainly inhomogeneous base materials and under special conditions.
[1] Comit Euro-International du Bton, Design of Fastenings in concrete: Design Guide - Parts 1 to 3,
Bulletin 233, Thomas Telford Publishing, January 1997.
37
Anchor design
5.2.1 Ultimate limit state design method

Tensile resistance:
Three failure modes can appear in this load direction, namely pull-out failure, concrete failure and failure
of the steel element. The following chart shows the flow of required calculations:
Pull-out failure Concrete failure Steel failure
0 0 NRd,s , design tensile

NRd,p basic value of design NRd,c basic value of design
resistance resistance resistance of steel
fB,N concrete strength fB,N concrete strength

influencing factor influencing factor
fT anchorage depth fT anchorage depth

influencing factor influencing factor
Final design resistance fA,N anchor spacing

against pull-out failure: influencing factor
0
NRd,p = NRd ,p f B,N f T
fR,N edge distance

influencing factor
Final design resistance against

concrete failure:
0
NRd,c = NRd,c fB,N fT fA,N fR,N
Final design tensile resistance:

{
NRd = min NRd,p ; NRd,c ; NRd,s }
Safety check:
NSd NRd
NSd design value of applied

tensile loads
38
Anchor design
Shear resistance:
A distinction is made between two failure modes with this type (direction) of loading, namely concrete
edge failure, i.e. breaking away of the concrete component edge and the shear failure of the steel
element. The following chart shows the flow of required calculations:
Concrete edge failure Steel failure
0 VRd,s, design tensile resistance of steel

VRd,c basic value of design resistance
fB, V concrete strength influencing

factor
fAR, V anchor spacing and edge

distance influence factor
f, V influencing factor for direction of

loading
Final design resistance to concrete

failure:
0
VRd,c = VRd,c fB, V f AR, V f, V
Rec. load:
VRd = min { VRd,c ;VRd,s }
Safety check:
VSd VRd
VSd design value of applied shear

loads
39
Anchor design
Combined load:
If there are combinations of tensile and shear loads, i. e. loads under an angle with respect to the anchor
axis, the design check is given by:
F () FRd ()
The design action, Fat an angle is given by:
N F
F = N 2 + V 2
V
= arctan
N V
Where
N = tensile component
V = shear component
There are two common methods of checking the anchor suitability,
1. Using the parabolic curve relationship

N V
+ 1
N V
Rd Rd N
= 2.0 If N Rd and V Rd are governed by
steel failure
= 1.5 For all other failure modes
2. Using the straight line relationship

V
N V
+ 1.2
NRd VRd
40
Anchor design
5.2.2 Differences compared to the design method according to ETAG Annex C
To allow a simple manual calculation with this handbook different factors in ETAG Annex C are combined
in one factor and some of the factors are not taken into account. Details for the statements below can be
found in the document Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete, Guideline for European Technical Approval
Annex C.
Resistance to Tension Loads:

Resistance to steel failure: no changes
Resistance to pull-out failure: no changes
Resistance to concrete cone failure:

The general formula for concrete cone resistance is:
Ac , N
N Rk ,c = N Rk
0
,c s , N ec , N re , N ucr , N
Ac0, N
The resistances to concrete cone failure given in chapter 2 and 3 relate to a standard concrete quality of
C20/25. The factor fB,N takes into account the different concrete grades, which are already respected in
Ac , N
s ,N .
0
N Rk ,c . The factors fA,N and fA,R combine the factors
Ac0, N
The factor ec, N relates to an eccentricity of the acting load on the anchor plate. This factor is not
included in the simplified design method. The factor re, N relates to a spalling of the concrete above the
first layer of rebars. This failure mode is not decisive for embedment depth bigger than 100mm or a
reasonable layout of the rebars.
The factor ucr, N takes into account the different resistances for cracked and uncracked concrete. In this
manual these different values are given in separate tables. Therefore the ucr, N is not necessary.
Resistance to splitting failure:

If the minimum value for the thickness of the concrete member is considered splitting is not decisive.
Resistance to Shear Loads:

Resistance to steel failure without lever arm: no changes
Resistance to steel failure with lever arm:

With this simplified method a stand-off fastening cannot be calculated.
Resistance to concrete pry-out:
This failure mode is only decisive with short, stiff anchors and is therefore not considered in this
simplified method.
Resistance to concrete edge failure:
The general formula for concrete edge resistance is:
Ac ,V
VRk ,c = VRk0 ,c s ,V h ,V ,V ec ,V ucr , N
Ac0,V
The resistances given in chapter 2 and 3 relates to a standard concrete quality of C20/25 at a minimum
edge distance. The factor fB,N takes into account the different concrete grades, which are already
Ac ,V
s ,V h ,V
0
integrated in VRk ,c . The factors fAR,V combines the factors .
Ac0,V
The factor ec, N relates to an eccentricity of the load on the anchor plate. This is not taken into account in
the simplified method. The factor ,V calculates the effect of the load direction and is f,V in this manual.
41
Anchor design
The factor ucr, N takes into account the different resistances for cracked and uncracked concrete. In this
manual these different values are given in separate tables. Therefore the ucr , N is not necessary.
5.2.3 Anchor Design Program PROFIS Anchor
In addition to the possible design according to different national and international approvals a new Hilti
design method SOFA (=Solutions for fastenings) is introduced. This method is different in several points
from the simplified method in this manual. Therefore the results can be different as well.
1. The above mentioned restrictions for eccentricity are not valid in SOFA.
2. SOFA allows all geometries for anchor plates and all anchor positions. This makes an
engineering judgement of the design necessary (especially for shear forces close to an edge).
The main assumption is the even load redistribution on all anchors.
3. If a bending moment is acting on the anchor plate the anchor forces are calculated in relation to
the bedding of the anchor plate on the concrete. This leads to different results as if the anchor
forces are calculated according to simplified measures. (E.g. rigid anchor plate).
4. For bonded anchors with a bigger embedment depth than standard the concrete resistance is
calculated as a combination of concrete cone failure and pull-out failure.
Both calculations, according to the manual and using the anchor program, lead to conservative results,
i.e. the results are on the safe side.
42
Anchor design
5.2.4 Anchor design according to the ultimate limit state design method (Hilti CC method)
Basic Load Data
The first page of the product data shows the results of an anchor calculation for a specific case, for example,
non-cracked concrete
concrete compressive strength, fc,cyl = 20 MPa
no edge or spacing influences.
For any other scenario, do not use the data as the basis for calculation.
The calculation method Detailed Desgin Method Hilti CC should be used.
The method calculates the resistance to pure tension and to pure shear, separately. The two results are finally
combined to determine the load capacity at angle
TENSION The tensile resistance is the minimum of,

NRd,p : concrete pull-out resistance NRd,c : concrete cone resistance NRd,s : steel resistance:
NRd,p : Concrete pull-out resistance

Refer to the tables / formulae under Detailed design method Hilti CC Tension
N0Rd,p : Basic concrete pull-out resistance
The basic tensile pull-out resistance N0Rd,p is
tabulated. for each anchor size. N0Rd,p = kN
fBN : Influence of concrete strength

tabulated.
fB,N =
NRd,p : Concrete pull-out resistance

Take the basic value and apply the concrete strength
factor.
N Rd ,p = N Rd
o
,p f BN NRd,p = kN
NRd,c : Concrete cone resistance

Refer to the tables / formulae under Detailed design method Hilti CC Tension
N0Rd,c : Basic concrete cone resistance
The basic tensile concrete cone resistance N0Rd,c is
tabulated. for each anchor size.
Where applicable, different data is given for cracked
and non- cracked concrete. Some anchors have not
been tested in cracked concrete. N0Rd,c = kN
fT : Influence of embedment depth

An increased tensile capacity may result from setting
some anchor products deeper into the concrete. Use fT =
formula and observe the limits given
43
Anchor design
fBN : Influence of concrete strength

tabulated.
fB,N =
Note : Here, anchor A is the weakest. It is influenced by two

An anchor may be influenced by spacings and/or spacings and two edges. The small overlap with the
edges in up to 4 directions. The factors are independ- lower right anchor can be ignored.
ent. The stressed areas (cones of influence) can be
visualised as circles. Where the circles overlap, or
where they are cut by an edge, reduction factors ap-
ply.
For TENSION, consider the spacings and edges af-
fecting the weakest anchor. If it is not immediately
clear which anchor is the weakest, then several calcu-
lations may be necessary
fAN: Influence of anchor spacing

tabulated. (formula for other spacings) relevant spacings
Multiply together all individual factors for each relevant s1 = fAN (for s1) =
spacing s2 = fAN (for s2) =
s3 = fAN (for s3) =
s4 = fAN (for s4) =
fAN =
fRN: Influence of edge distance

tabulated. (formula for other edge distances) relevant edges
Multiply together all individual factors for each relevant c1 = fRN (for c1) =
edge distance c2 = fRN (for c2) =
c3 = fRN (for c3) =
if more than 3 edges are
< ccrn, contact Hilti
fRN =
NRd,c : Concrete cone resistance,

Take the basic value and apply all the relevant fac-
tors. NRd ,c = NRd
o
, c fT fBN f AN fRN
NRd,c = kN
NRd,s : Steel tensile resistance

Read directly from the table
NRd,s = kN
NRd : Design resistance for pure tension
NRd = minimum of NRd,p , NRd,c and NRd,s NRd = kN
44
Anchor design
SHEAR The shear resistance is the minimum of,

VRd,c : concrete edge resistance VRd,s : steel resistance:
VRd,c : Concrete edge resistance

Refer to the tables / formulae under Detailed design method Hilti CC Shear
The weakest concrete edge resistance must be calculated. All nearby edges must be checked, (not only the
edge in the direction of shear).
When considering concrete edge failure, it helps to picture the failure as though the shear was towards the edge
(The actual shear direction is accounted for by the influence of load direction, f,V ). The white areas in the follow-
ing diagrams represent the concrete capacity - more area means more capacity.
Single Pair Row
s<3c s1<3c , s2<3c , s3<3c

The concrete edge resistance for a If further anchors are close enough (s<3c) they will influence the edge re-
single anchor depends on the edge sistance because the stressed areas overlap.
distance. The shape of the stressed
area is approximated to a triangle
of height c and base 3c as shown.
Two individual anchors 4 hole baseplate
s 3c - treat as two single anchors s<3c

If further anchors are far enough away from each The actual baseplate design will often contain other
other (s 3c), they must be treated as single anchors. anchors which are further from the edge. These have
If they are treated as a group, the resistance result willno affect on the edge resistance (but they must be
be too high as it assumes benefit from the unstressed considered for the tensile calculations).
concrete between. Above, the resistance for the 2 anchors closest to the
edge can be found.
It is important that the baseplate be designed and installed such that the applied shear is distributed onto all
anchors, as assumed in these calculations
V0Rd,c : Basic concrete edge resistance

The basic concrete edge resistance V0Rd,c is
tabulated.for each anchor size at minimum edge dis-
tance cmin (factors are applied which increase this re-
sistance for greater edge distances)
V0Rd,c = kN
c = cmin
45
Anchor design
COMBINED LOADS
There are two common methods of checking the anchor suitability,
1. Using the parabolic curve relationship

N V
+ 1
N V
Rd Rd N
= 2.0 If N Rd and V Rd are governed by
steel failure
= 1.5 For all other failure modes
2. Using the straight line relationship

V
N V
+ 1.2
NRd VRd
46
Anchor design
47
Specifying Hilti anchors
Glossary of Hilti Anchors
HAS-E Zinc plated threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy setting
HAS-E-F Hot dipped galvanised threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for
easy setting
HAS-E-R Stainless steel threaded rod, standard length, with friction taper for easy
setting
HDA-P Self undercutting, heavy duty mechanical anchor. "P" for in place fastening
HDA-T Self undercutting, heavy duty mechanical anchor. "T" for through fastening
HIS-N Zinc plated internally threaded anchor sleeve
HIS-RN Stainless steel internally threaded anchor sleeve
HIT-AN Threaded rod, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base materials
HIT-HY SC Composite mesh sieve, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base
materials
HIT-HY 150 Two component hybrid mortar injection anchor, for use in solid base materials
HIT-HY 20 Two component hybrid mortar injection anchor, for use in hollow base
materials
HIT-IG Internally threaded sleeve, specifically for use with HIT-HY20 in hollow base
materials
HIT-RE 500 High performance injection epoxy, ideal for rebar application
HKD-S Internally threaded drop-in anchor, zinc plated
HKD-SR Internally threaded drop-in anchor, stainless steel
HSA Hilti Stud Anchor, zinc plated
HSA-F Hilti Stud Anchor, hot dipped galvanised
HSA-R Hilti Stud Anchor, stainless steel
HSC-A Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. External
thread, zinc plated
HSC-AR Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. External
thread, stainless steel
HSC-I Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. Internal
thread, zinc plated
HSC-IR Self undercutting mechanical anchor for shallow embedment depth. Internal
thread, stainless steel
HSL-3 High tensile steel mechanical expansion anchor, for heavy duty fastenings
HSL-3-B High tensile steel mechanical expansion anchor, for heavy duty fastenings.
With Torque Indicator Cap
HUS-H Concrete screw anchor
HVU Hilti Vinyl Urethane chemical capsule
48
Chemical anchors
The following are examples of some typical specifications
Anchor Zinc plated Hot dipped Stainless steel

galvanised
HVU + HAS-E Hilti HVU M16 chemical Hilti HVU M16 chemical Hilti HVU M16 chemical
capsule with HAS-E M16 capsule with HAS-E-F M16 capsule with HAS-E-R M16
rod (zinc plated). Standard rod (hot dipped galvanised). rod (stainless
125mm embedment. Standard 125mm steel). Standard 125mm
embedment embedment
HVU + HIS-N Hilti HVU M20 chemical N/A Hilti HVU M20 chemical
capsule with HIS-N M16 capsule with HIS-RN
sleeve (zinc plated). M16 sleeve (stainless steel).
Standard 170mm Standard 170mm
embedment. embedment
HIT-HY150 + HAS-E Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical
injection with HAS-E M16 injection with HAS-E-F M16 injection with HAS-E-R M16
rod (zinc plated). Standard rod (hot dipped galvanised). rod (stainless
125mm embedment Standard 125mm steel). Standard 125mm
embedment embedment
HIT-HY150 + HIS-N Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical N/A Hilti HIT-HY150 chemical

injection with HIS-N M16 injection with HIS-RN M16
sleeve (zinc plated). sleeve (stainless steel).
Standard 170mm Standard 170mm
embedment embedment
HIT-HY20 Hilti HIT-HY20 chemical Contact your local Hilti Contact your local Hilti
injection with HAS-E M12 Engineer Engineer
rod (zinc plated) using HIT-
HY SC composite sleeve.
Standard 85mm
embedment
HIT-RE500 + Rebar Hilti HIT-RE500 chemical N/A N/A

injection with N16 rebar.
430mm embedment
49
Mechanical anchors
The following are examples of some typical specifications
Anchor Zinc plated Hot dipped Stainless steel

galvanised
HDA-P Hilti HDA-P M10x100/20 design anchor (sheradised) (stainless steel)
design anchor (zinc plated)
NB: /20 = max. thickness NB: /20 = max. thickness
HDA-T NB: /20 = max. thickness fastened of 20mm fastened of 20mm
fastened of 20mm Hilti HDA-PR
Hilti HDA-PF M10x100/20 M10x100/20 design anchor
HSL-3-B Hilti HSL-3-B M12/25 heavy See HSL-G-R anchor

duty anchor (zinc plated)
NB: /25 = max. thickness

HSL-3 fastened of 25mm
-B = automatic torque
indicator cap
N/A
HSL-G-R NB: Special length HSL-G N/A Hilti HSL-G-R M12/25 heavy
anchors can be made to duty anchor (stainless steel)
suit design
requirements. Contact your NB: /25 = max. thickness
local Hilti Engineer fastened of 25mm
HSC-A Hilti HSC-A M10x40 safety N/A Hilti HSC-AR M10x40 safety
anchor (zinc anchor (stainless steel)
plated)
HSC-I Hilti HSC-I M10x50 safety N/A Hilti HSC-IR M10x50 safety
anchor (zinc plated) anchor (stainless steel)
HSA Hilti HSA M16x140 stud Hilti HSA-F M16x140 stud Hilti HSA-R M16x140
anchor (zinc plated) anchor (hot dipped stud anchor (stainless steel)
galvanized)
HKD-S Hilti HKD-S M10x40 N/A Hilti HKD-SR M10x40 drop-

drop-in anchor (zinc plated) in anchor (stainless steel)
50

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AUSTRALIA

Australia Fastening Technology Manual Hilti. Outperform. Outlast

Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.

Issue 2007 Sept. Re-print

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Melbourne: 203-205 Normanby Road, South Melbourne. 3205

Brisbane: Unit 2, 160 Fison Ave West, Eagle Farm. 4009

Adelaide: 52 Richmond Rd, Keswick. 5035

Perth: 23 Belmont Ave, Belmont. 6104

NATIONAL PHONE NO. 131 292

3.1 Dynamic design for anchors 26

5.1 Safety concept ................................................................................................................... 36

6 Specifying Hilti anchors 48

7.1 Adhesive anchoring systems 51

Heavy duty anchors

Medium duty anchors

Light duty anchors

7.2 Mechanical anchoring systems 98

Heavy duty anchors

Medium duty anchors

8 Rebar fastening 161

8.1 Rebar fastening application .............................................................................................. 161

8.5 Test reports, Supplementary information ......................................................................... 190

9 DX Powder actuated fastening 193

9.1 Introduction to DX fastening ............................................................................................. 193

Anchor Details Concrete

HVU adhesive anchor Comprises a foil capsule & threaded rods

HIT-HY 150 injection mortar

The two component Hilti HIT adhesive is supplied in a

HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive

HVU adhesive capsule

For internal thread HIS-N sleeve

Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static)

Hilti HIT-HY 150 injection mortar

Hilti HIT-HY 20 injection mortar

For Internal thread HIT-IG sleeve

Hilti HIT-RE 500 injection adhesive

ANCHOR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar

REBAR FASTENING DESIGN MODEL for N500 Grade Rebar

M10 20 100 20 21 30.7 43.3 300 150 50 HDA-T 20-M10x100/20

M10 20 100 20 12 30.7 17.6 300 150 50 HDA-P 20-M10x100/20

M12 18 105 25 20 26.5 57.4 240 120 HSL-3-B M12/25

Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static)

M8 12 80 20 14 11.5 24.9 180 90 25 HSL-3 M8/20

HSL-G-R* (stainless steel)

M8 12 80 20 14 10.4 14.9 195 165 25 HSL-G-R M8/20

M8 14 46 15 9 9.4 11.7 120 60 10 HSC-A M8x40/15

Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static)

M8 16 46.5 9 9.4 9.8 120 60 10 HSC-I M8x40

HSA (common sizes here only)

M6 6 55 10 7 3.3 3.6 120 60 5 HSA M6 x 65

Nrd = Ultimate Limit States Design Tensile Resistance (static)

HKD-S drop-in anchor

M6 8 27 11 3.3 2.4 75 88 5 HKD-S M6 x 25

HUS-H concrete screw anchor

Concrete Screw Anchor 10