Theoreticalphysicistshaveforgedaconnectionbetweentheconceptofentanglementa

mysteriousquantummechanicalconnectionbetweentwowidelyseparatedparticlesand
thatofawormhole,ahypotheticalconnectionbetweenblackholesthatservesasashortcut
through
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WormholesandQuantum
EntanglementMayBeLinked
ByKatiaMoskvitch,ScienceNOW
12.03.13
11:02AM

Mathematicalmodelofawormhole.Image:AllenMcC./WikimediaCommons
Thisadvanceissometa.Theoreticalphysicistshaveforgedaconnectionbetweentheconcept
ofentanglementitselfamysteriousquantummechanicalconnectionbetweentwowidely
separatedparticlesandthatofawormholeahypotheticalconnectionbetweenblackholes
thatservesasashortcutthroughspace.Theinsightcouldhelpphysicistsreconcilequantum
mechanicsandEinsteinsgeneraltheoryofrelativity,perhapsthegrandestgoalin
theoreticalphysics.Butsomeexpertsarguethattheconnectionismerelyamathematical
analogy.

Entanglementlinksquantumparticlessothatfiddlingwithonecaninstantlyaffectanother.
Accordingtothebizarrequantumlawsthatgovernthesubatomicrealm,atinyparticlecan
beintwooppositeconditionsorstatesatonce.Forexample,anatomcanspininone
directionortheotherupordownorbothwaysatonce.Thattwowaystatelastsonly
untiltheatomsspinismeasured,however,atwhichpointitcollapsesintoeithertheupor
downstate.Twoatomscanthenbeentangledsothatbothspintwowaysatoncebuttheir
spinsarecompletelycorrelated,sothat,forexample,theypointinoppositedirections.
Then,ifthefirstatomismeasuredandfoundtobespinup,thesecondatomwillinstantly
collapseintothedownstate,evenifitslightyearsaway.
Wormholes,ontheotherhand,areapredictionofAlbertEinsteinsgeneraltheoryof
relativity,whichdescribeshowmassiveobjectswarpspaceandtime,orspacetime,tocreate
theeffectswecallgravity.Ifanobjectismassiveenough,itcancreateafunnellikeholein
spacetimesosteepthatnotevenlightcanescapefromitablackhole.Inprinciple,two
widelyseparatedblackholescanconnectlikebacktobacktrumpethornstomakea
shortcutthroughspacetimecalledawormhole.
Atfirstglance,entanglementandwormholesbothseemtoofferawayaroundEinsteins
dictumthatnothingcantravelfasterthanlight.Butinbothcases,thathopeisdashed.
Entanglementcannotbeusedtosendsignalsfasterthanlightbecauseonecannotcontrolthe
outputofthemeasurementonthefirstatomandthuswillfullysetthestateofthedistant
one.Similarly,onecantzipthroughawormholebecauseitsimpossibletoescapetheblack
holeontheotherend.Still,thereisaconnection.InJune,JuanMaldacena,atheoristatthe
InstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,NewJersey,andLeonardSusskind,atheoristat
StanfordUniversityinPaloAlto,California,imaginedentanglingthequantumstatesoftwo
blackholes.Theythenimaginedpullingtheblackholesapart.Whenthathappens,they
argued,abonafidewormholeformsbetweenthetwoblackholes.
Thatwasperhapsnotsosurprising,becausetheresearchersstartedwithblackholes.But
nowtwoindependentteamsofscientistssaythatitshouldalsobepossibletocreatea
wormholeconnectionbetweentwoordinaryquantumparticles,suchasquarksthatmakeup
protonsandneutrons.
KristanJensenoftheUniversityofVictoriainCanadaandAndreasKarchoftheUniversity
ofWashington,Seattle,startbyimagininganentangledquarkantiquarkpairresidingin
ordinary3Dspace,astheydescribedonlineon20NovemberinPhysicalReviewLetters.
Thetwoquarksrushawayfromeachother,approachingthespeedoflightsothatitbecomes
impossibletopasssignalsfromonetotheother.Theresearchersassumethatthe3Dspace
wherethequarksresideisahypotheticalboundaryofa4Dworld.Inthis3Dspace,the
entangledpairisconnectedbyakindofconceptualstring.Butinthe4Dspace,thestring
becomesawormhole.
JulianSonneroftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinCambridgethenbuildsupon
KarchsandJensenswork.Heimaginesaquarkantiquarkpairthatpopsintoexistenceina
strongelectricfield,whichthensendstheoppositelychargedparticlesacceleratingin
oppositedirections.Sonneralsofindsthattheentangledparticlesinthe3Dworldare
connectedbyawormholeinthe4Dworld,ashealsoreportedonlineon20Novemberin
PhysicalReviewLetters.
Toarriveatthisresult,Jensen,Karch,andSonnerusethesocalledholographicprinciple,a
conceptinventedbyMaldacenathatstatesthataquantumtheorywithgravityinagiven
spaceisequivalenttoaquantumtheorywithoutgravityinaspacewithonelessdimension
thatmakesuptheoriginalspacesboundary.Inotherwords,blackholesinsidethe4Dspace
andawormholebetweenthemaremathematicallyequivalenttotheirholographic
projectionsexistingontheboundaryin3D.Theseprojectionsareessentiallyelementary
particlesthatfunctionaccordingtothelawsofquantummechanics,withoutgravity,anda
stringconnectingthem.Thewormholeandentangledpairdontliveinthesamespace,
Karchsays.But,headds,mathematicallytheyareequivalent.
Buthowbiganinsightisthis?Itdependsonwhomyouask.SusskindandMaldacenanote
thatinbothpapers,theoriginalquantumparticlesresideinaspacewithoutgravity.Ina
simplified,gravityfree3Dmodelofourworld,therecantbeanyblackholesorwormholes,
Susskindadds,sotheconnectiontoawormholeinahigherdimensionalspaceismere
mathematicalanalogy.Thewormholeandentanglementequivalenceonlymakessenseina
theorywithgravity,Susskindsays.
However,Karchandcolleaguessaythattheircalculationsareanimportantfirststeptoward
verifyingMaldacenaandSusskindstheory.Theirtoymodelwithoutgravity,Karchsays,
givesaconcreterealizationoftheideathatwormholegeometryandentanglementcanbe
differentmanifestationsofthesamephysicalreality.
ThisstoryprovidedbyScienceNOW,thedailyonlinenewsserviceofthejournalScience.
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Avatar Euroranger 2 hours ago

As long as I don't end up being one of the guys wearing a red shirt, I'm totally okay with
all this.
2 Reply Share

Avatar EnigmaMaitreya 3 hours ago

When it is conceded that the Speed of Light is only the limit of Electromagnetic
Propagation / Electromagnetic Movement, then progress can finally be made.

We limit ourselves to be Bats were we insist the Speed of sound is the limit of all
movement. As in if Sound is your means of measuring anything, well then obviously the
Speed of Sound will be the Hammer you use to make sure that anything moving faster
than the speed of sound, well isn't really moving faster than the sound of speed.
2 1 Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

Except things like gravity also propagate at the speed of light and obviously(?) is
not electromagnetism. (The photon is not its force carrier)
4 Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

And we have verified this with some measurement tool that is not
electromagnetic, meaning what it is measuring is the electromagnetic
response to gravity?

What would a bat see, if we used any number of techniques available now
to slow a photon down to subsonic speeds and ... hum present it to said
observing bat? Would the observing bat not in fact be convinced that the
photon verified that that the Speed of Sound was the Cosmic Speed Limit?
1 Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago
You got me. I just know that's part of Einstein's work and it's been
experimentally verified.

So if the sun were to vanish into nothingness not only would we still
have light for 8 minutes on Earth, we'd also still be in orbit around
the area where the sun once was for another 8 minutes. Then the
planet would shoot off into a straight line afterward.
2 Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

I understand that and I agree on the light, but I am not convinced
about the rest.

We just don't know enough about what Gravity really is, what Dark
matter really is and What Dark Energy Really is. I assume that Dark
anything doesn't mean it is really Dark, it is just Dark (as in not
visible) in the Electromagnetic Spectrum.
1 Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

Gravity is pretty well understood - a dent in spacetime caused by
mass or energy. We've only just found the force carrying particle -
although we've thought it was there for a while - just hadn't seen it.

The two Dark things - matter & energy are definitely *not*
understood and that's part of the reason they're called "dark". The
"dark" in "dark matter" also comes from the fact that it appears to
not reflect light.
1 Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

And Light is the Electromagnetic Spectrum.

I hear you on the Gravity but I am not convinced as there is Macro

Scale Gravity and Quantum Gravity and then there is the effect that
Dark Matter has. It is this lack of unity that keeps me on the fence
about being convinced but until further information is had then one
must always use the best model available. I just think that we need
to remember it is just that, a model and not a finitely stated law as in
a Truth, a Fact.

Why I state the Effect Dark Matter has is ... well lets use the
Observing Bat, he is seeing the photon at Mach 0.1, now we stop
doing what we are doing and the Photon goes back to the speed of
light and for the Observing Bat, well the Photon just disappeared, in
short it would become Black to the Sonic Spectrum.
1 Reply Share
 Nathan Vaughn Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago
I should mention my phrase "shoot off into a straight line" is
incorrect. Earth was always traveling in a straight line, it was space
that was bent by the sun. The dent the sun made in spacetime
would disappear at the speed of light.
1 Reply Share

Philosopher3000 EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

The speed of light 'limit' is not equivalent to to a speed of sound. Sound only
propagates in a medium, it's a pressure wave. EM radiation propagates even in a
void, and most of the EM spectrum simply passes through matter uneffected, or
doesn't propagate when it encounters a medium. So your analogy is mistaken.

Two objects, moving in opposite directions at 0.75 the speed of light, can still
communicate with each other, using light, and to each the speed remains C, only
the wavelength changes.

Interestingly, Gravity seems to propagate instantaneously at infinite scale, if only

we could communicate using gravity. But how does one create and destroy mass
amounts of matter?
1 Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Philosopher3000 an hour ago

But but but we now know that a void is not really a void and that quite
possibly a void is impossible. Just funnin with ya a bit, it is true about the
void not being a void.

Regardless how do we know that properties of one or more components of

Dark Matter is NOT the medium by which the Electromagnetic Spectrum
propagates through?
1 Reply Share

Philosopher3000 EnigmaMaitreya 20 minutes ago

Because, the light doesn't change speed, it changes wavelength.
There is no PRESSURE wave of electric or magnetic waves, it's an
oscillation of space-time itself. That 'dark matter' and 'dark energy'
stuff between the stars (everywhere) is just EM radiation or particles
of matter that don't interact with 'regular' matter. We can't step
outside the universe, so we don't know if EM radiation could exist
outside space-time, or if that even makes any sense. "Void" is just
the relative absence of normal matter.
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Philosopher3000 16 minutes ago

I a appreciate your reply and understand what your saying, I also
believe you are asserting you know finitely what Dark matter and
Dark Energy is. I think we can just agree that I do not agree with
 Dark Energy is. I think we can just agree that I do not agree with
your assertion and thus am not convinced your conclusions are
proven.
Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn Philosopher3000 29 minutes ago

As I said in another post and as has been pointed out in reply here "Gravity
seems to propagate instantaneously at infinite scale" is incorrect. Gravity
also propagates at the speed of light.
Reply Share

Chris DeLong Philosopher3000 an hour ago

Special relativity dictates that c is the limit for electromagnetic and
gravitational wave propagation. Thus, gravity is not propagated
instantaneously at infinite scale. I really like your analysis of the false
analogy, though.
Reply Share

Philosopher3000 Chris DeLong 20 minutes ago

There is no such thing as 'gravitational waves'. They keep looking,
but they are not finding. http://www.space.com/20939-gra...

If a star collapses via SuperNova and becomes a black-hole, the

total mass remains almost the same. If a significant amount of the
mass is turned to energy, then the nearly instantaneous absence of
that matter should cause a detectable decrease in the gravity in that
area of space-time, but we have yet to measure a 'wave' or
'propagations' of such a change in force. I think that the absence of
that matter instantaneously effects all other matter in the universe,
regardless of distance, and what distinguishes matter from all other
forms of energy is just it's relationship to 'gravity', which is actually
not a force, but just a warp in space-time. The search for quantum
gravity is a mistake.
Reply Share

Chris DeLong Philosopher3000 9 minutes ago

That is all well and good, I appreciate your point. However, we
cannot surmise that something doesn't exist because their is no
evidence of it. That is an appeal to ignorance, a very popular
informal logical fallacy. Though, it is true that gravitational waves
have not been physically observed, they have been mathematically
inferred and it is prudent to consider that they probably exist.
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Chris DeLong 7 minutes ago

And one should consider that a Bat could posit that there is an
Electromagnetic Spectrum but can not think of any way to prove it.
 Reply Share

Malafactor EnigmaMaitreya 21 minutes ago

"We limit ourselves to be Bats were we insist the Speed of sound is the limit of all
movement"

Actually we limit ourselves to what we can measure, so far we have found nothing
that travels faster than light, so we can safely say, for now, that nothing travels
faster than light.
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Malafactor 13 minutes ago

I can live with that restatement. As in essence it is Dogma vs Inspiration -
the Eureka moment.
Reply Share

Avatar Greg Miernicki 6 hours ago

WHOA.
1 2 Reply Share

Avatar Wang Chung 21 minutes ago

We are all living in a simulation where the mechanism of that simulation is outside the
boundaries of our observation. Like PacMan trying to understand how he is able to cross
one side of the screen and appear at the other end.
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Wang Chung 10 minutes ago

he he, and I defy anyone to prove you wrong. Personally it does not freak me out
or cause any loss of sleep for me, not knowing if I am just a clever program, a brain
cell in a Universal Mind or just a Collection of energies (aka life forms) that appear
to be more or less working together for some indeterminate time for no apparent
reason or purpose.
Reply Share

Avatar Jaramie an hour ago

What is the propagation speed of quantum entangled collapse? If the entangled particles
were separated by light years and then you measured the spin on one side would the
other particle collapse instantly as the article states? Or would it be bound by light speed
as well?
Reply Share

Avatar OrphanIsland 2 hours ago

I'm gonna post this one last time,

I've heard on the ether that a spinning (10000rpm) EM shield improves efficiency by over
100% , maybe a small experiment on a higher speed shield for anti-inertial effects put a
high precision scale under the receiver and check it's weight?
 high precision scale under the receiver and check it's weight?
(c) Dec 2013

A shield like that could possibly give us super-void G.

I.E. Could effect the results of the Gravity experiment, giving us the true atomic level G
Universal constant that we crave, it will be a curve after all, just extend it to as close to
infinity as we can.
(c) Dec 2013

It will also "prove" dark matter on Earth.

(c) Dec 2013

PS: I'd love to change that "effect" to "affect"

PPS: If I'm right the Gravity experiment will report a HIGHER number
Reply Share

Avatar OrphanIsland 2 hours ago

These cats obviously don't understand zero point mathematics, you people should ask
Steven Hawking to explain it to yas again.
Reply Share

Avatar Philosopher3000 2 hours ago

I thought we lived in a 4D space-time? They seem confused between theoretical
mathematical dimensions of space and real dimensions in a time-scape.
Reply Share

Avatar The_Doorman 3 hours ago

I'm no theoretical physicist (though I do play one on TV.../s), but I do not recall a
wormhole being defined/described as a "connection between black holes that serves as a
shortcut through space." I was previously unaware of anything necessitating black holes
in relation to wormholes...

The Alcubierre Warp Drive achieves its "speed" via wormholes, but has nothing to do with
Black Holes... or did I miss something?
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya The_Doorman 3 hours ago

Yeah you missed something .... well I think you did.

As I understand it, Warp Drives will crate a Bubble were normal space exist inside
and ... unknown to me .... exist outside that, and a low amount of space time exist
in front (or is it back) of the bubble and a high amount of space time exist behind
(or is it in front) of the bubble. With a key ingredient be anti-matter, not for power
but to create all of the previous.

Star Gate Technology on the other hand did use worm holes that connected to
two gates forming a means of travel.
1 Reply Share
Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 3 hours ago
Anti-matter isn't needed- negative energy is. Space in front is condensed;
behind is expanded.

And the correlation between worm holes & black holes is, I think, that if
you've bent space enough to create the worm whole, you have created a
black hole.
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

As I understand Anti-Matter that is in fact negative Energy vs normal
matter being positive energy. But that aside we are seemingly on the
same page.

And I have never read anything about Black Holes linked to Warp
Drives.
Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

To your point, perhaps, antimatter may be what's needed to create
negative energy. Not sure about that though. I've always heard that
antimatter & matter sipmly annihilate one another in the most ideal
generation of energy possible: E=mc^2 But if there's some other
way of using antimatter than just slamming it into regular matter,
perhaps. I don't know. I just follow physics, I'm not a physicist.
Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

I did not mean to imply black holes were linked to warp drives.

Antimatter I can say with some certainty is not negative energy.

Matter isn't energy, although there is an equation you may have
heard of that explains the conversion rate of one to the other.
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

Nah I haven't I may be connecting inappropriate dots Matter and
Anti-Matter have different properties , not the least of which is
charge(?).

I don't know anymore than I have been able to grasp what I read
about negative (?) cold. So the report goes that if, for example one
used Kelvin as the measure, then 0 is not really the end of things
being cold. What is implied (my connecting dots) is that there is a
max temp and a min temp, on both sides of zero (+ and -). I am
having epic failure handling that concept.
Reply Share
 Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago
I don't think there's is a maximum temp, except for all the matter in
the universe being converted to energy at the most efficient rate
possible.

Minimum temp is definitely a thing though, although unattainable.

Just imagine if you took out literally every source of energy possible
- you cannot go any colder than that. That's the theoretical absolute
minimum. Just conceptually, how could you possibly go any lower
than absolutely no energy? There's nothing more to remove!
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

No, that was the point of the paper, it was saying they had
measured(?) activity(?) below 0 Kelvin, and not just marginal but
significantly. I am fairly certain it implied that the temperature would
wrap around to the, for lack of better words, Max Temperature.

The only way I have been able to deal with this in thought, is to use a
computer binary byte(word what ever) were the high order bit is the
designator for + or - (breaks down here because the byte should be
8 bit and not 7+sign) and you can subtract from max till it reaches
zero but then subtraction begins a negative value that ends up at
max again.
Reply Share

Nathan Vaughn EnigmaMaitreya 2 hours ago

Oh geez maybe I need to re-read this article more thoroughly ><
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya Nathan Vaughn 2 hours ago

To be sure it is not this article we are posting under it was another, I
think some were around Summer of this year.
Reply Share

The_Doorman EnigmaMaitreya 3 hours ago

No, that's about how I understood it too (though I always saw the key
ingredient being labeled as "exotic matter necessary to create negative
energy" or something)

Regardless, these wormholes have nothing to do with black holes, which

was what concerned me... (as the article identified a wormhole as " a
connection between black holes")
Reply Share

EnigmaMaitreya The_Doorman 3 hours ago

 Well honestly this insistance of a Black Hole on each end is kind of
the first time I have seen that stated as a law. I have read some say
a Black Hole and a White Hole are linked by a Worm Hole. I have
read that it is possible to create a Worm Hole by using energy from
the sun and spinning it fast, this will open a Worm Hole between two
TIME points enabling Time Travel.
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