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About Syllogism
These questions are totally based upon logic. If we solve these questions with the
help of Venn diagrams then we can get conclusions easily. Remember that these
Venn diagrams are just a medium to solve such questions. A question can have
lots of diagrams which means we can draw several figures by a statement but we
have to draw the easiest figure first because it will enable us to solve the question
in minimum time. Like we have many routes to go home but we always take the
shortest possible route.
Types of Statements
Some A are B
+ve All A are B
No A is B
ve Some A are not B
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Diagrammatical Representation
Some A are B
Alternative Representation
Some A are B
The possible figure are given below
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Conclusions:
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Diagrammatical Representation
Alternative Representation
We can also describe the above statements through some more diagrams.
i.e. Like All A are B so that there can be a possibility all B are A.
Where B = A its possible figure
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Diagrammatical Representation
(III) No A is B
Conclusions:
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Diagrammatical Representation
In the above figure shaded portion shows that those A are not B.
Alternative Representation
Some A are not B.
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How to Conclude
Case of possibilities.
In most of the questions the case of possibility is applicable
whenever we find the given conclusion as neither definitely true nor
definitely false. That conclusion may be possibly true for given
statements.
Statement: All A are B
Conclusions:
I. Some A are B
II. No A are B
III. All B are A
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EXPLANATION
Statement: All A are B
Conclusions:
Either condition will not be allowed between All type and No type
statement.
Either case can be applied only in the case where the relations
between subject and predicate is not exactly determined.
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Q.1-31. The trend shows that basically there are two kinds of conclusions.
One requires definite case as a conclusion and another requires case
of possibility.
Definite Case-
(1) If only conclusion I follows.
(2) If only conclusion II follows.
(3) If either conclusion I or II follows.
(4) If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
(5) If both conclusion I and II are follow.
Q.1. Statement: All gems are pens All pens are balls
Conclusions: I. All gems are balls. II. Some gems are balls.
Q.2. Statement: Some Bats are Goats. All Goats are Hats.
No Hat is Tap.
Conclusions: I. Some Bats are not Tap. II. No Goat is Tap
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Q.7-8.Statements:
Some squares are circles.
No circles is a triangle.
No line is a squares.
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Q.9-10.Statements:
Q.9. Conclusions:
I. All rhymes are poems.
II. All songs are rhymes.
Q.10. Conclusions
I. No songs is a paragraph.
II. No poems is a paragraph.
Q.13. Statements:
Some waste is white.
Some white is water.
Some water is waste.
Ans.13. (4)
Q.14-15.Statements:
All forces are energies
All energies are powers.
No Power is heat.
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Ans.14. (2)
Ans.15. (1)
Ans. 16.(5)
Ans. 17.(4)
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Q.18.Statements:
Some symbols are figure.
All symbols are graphics.
No graphic is a picture.
Ans.18. (5)
Ans.19.(2)
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Ans.20. (5)
Ans.21. (2)
Q.22. Statements: Some mails are chats. All updates are chats.
Conclusions:I. All mails being updates is a possibility.
II. No update is a mail.
Ans.22. (1)
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Q.23-24. Statements:
No stone is a metal.
Some metals are papers.
All papers are glass.
Q.23. Conclusions:
I. All stones being glass is a possibility.
II. No stone is a paper.
Q.24. Conclusions:
I. No glass is a metal.
II. At least some glass is metal.
Ans.23. (1)
Ans.24. (2)
Q.25-26.Statements:
Some stars are moons.
All moons are planets.
No planet is universe.
Q.25. Conclusions:
I. All moons being stars is a possibility.
II. No universe is star.
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Ans.25. (1)
Ans.26. (5)
Q.27-28.Statements:
Q.27. Conclusions:
Q.28. Conclusions:
Ans.27. (5)
Ans.28. (2)
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Q.29-31.Statements:
All apartments are huts.
No hut is a building.
All buildings are cottages.
Q.29.Conclusions: I. No cottage is an apartment.
II. Some cottages are apartments.
Q.30.Conclusions: I. No apartment is a cottage.
II. Some buildings being apartments is a possibility.
Q.31.Conclusions: I Some cottages being apartments is a possibility.
Ans.29. (3)
Ans.30. (4)
Ans.31. (1)
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Q.32-33.The trend shows that basically there are five kinds of conclusions.
One is wrong and other four are right then find out the which one is
wrong.
Definite Case-
(1) If only conclusion I does not follow.
(2) If only conclusion II does not follow.
(3) If only conclusion III does not follow.
(4) If only conclusion IV does not follow.
(5) If only conclusion V does not follow.
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