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6
Ergonomic
Risk
Assessment
Groups
G1
Abdoulaye,
Abdoulaie
Kogan3,
Riteesh
Acquah,
Kevin
G4
Krosmico,
Philomena
Alasim,
Fahad
A.
Grimson
Peter
G3
Erekaife,
Godwin
A.
Gouzd,
Jeremy
R.
Jakka,
Vikram
Risk
assessment
approach
1.
Direct
measurement
Work
sta3on
dimensions
Muscle
force
output
Human
mo3on
Risk
assessment
approach
2.
Survey
Face
to
face
interview
Phone,
internet,
paper
survey
Advantages
and
disadvantages
Risk
assessment
approach
3.
Observa3onal
risk
assessment
Site
visit
Video
analysis
Inter-grader
variance
OXen
combined
with
direct
measurement
and
interview
NIOSH
liXing
equa3on,
RULA,
REBA,
3DSSPP,
PATH
NIOSH
LiXing
Equa3on
The
Na3onal
Ins3tute
for
Occupa3onal
Safety
and
Health
(NIOSH),
in
1981
published
its
liXing
equa3on
to
assess
the
risk
of
injury
for
manual
liXing
task.
The
revised
equa3on
was
published
in
1991.
hap://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
The NIOSH Lifting Equation
A. Developed to help industry combat back injury
problems by providing a quantitative tool that
can:
1) identify problematic jobs before they cause an
injury
2) show areas of potential improvement
B. Used information from:
1) Epidemiologic studies
2) Biomechanical studies
3) Physiologic studies
4) Psychophysical studies
1) Horizontal Component
H - measured as the distance between center of
load and midpoint between ankles (estimated
location of fulcrum of biomechanical system)
0 < HM < 1.0
If H < 10 inches then HM = 1
2) Vertical Component
V - measured as the vertical distance of the first
knuckle of the middle finger from the floor
0 < VM < 1.0
If V = 30 inches then VM = 1
3) Distance Component
D - measured as the vertical travel distance of the
load
0 < DM < 1.0
If D < 10 inches then DM = 1
4) Asymmetry Component
A - measured as the angle between the location
of the load and the mid-sagittal plane
0 < AM < 1.0
If A = 0o then AM = 1
5) Frequency Component
F - measured as the number of lifts per minute
(Recommended to take the average number of
lifts per minute over a fifteen minute period)
0 < FM < 1.0
FM = f (F, Duration, V)
AM = 1 - (.0032*A)
HM= 10 / 18 HM= .56
VM= 1 - (.0075 |18 - 30|) VM= .91
DM= .82 + (1.8 / 22) DM= .90
AM = 1 - (.0032*0) AM = 1.0
FM= .65 (From Table)
LI = 25 / 13.60 = 1.84
Ending Position
RWLen = 51 * HM * VM * DM * AM * FM * CM
HM= 10 / H
VM= 1 - (.0075 |V - 30|)
AM = 1 - (.0032*A)
HM= 10 / 15 HM= .67
VM= 1 - (.0075 |40 - 30|) VM= .93
DM= .82 + (1.8 / 22) DM= .90
AM = 1 - (.0032*45) AM = .86
FM= .65 (From Table)
RWLend = 51
* .67 * .93 * .90 * .86 * .65 * .90
RWLend = 14.20 lbs
LI
= 25 / 14.20 = 1.76
Overall RWL for this job is 13.6 lbs
Overall LI for this job is 1.84
In-Class Exercise
A 120 lb, 55 year old female lifts a box with weight of 18 pounds from a
position on the floor to a conveyor whose surface height is 25 inches from the
floor. She lifts this box at a rate of 4 lifts per minute. The box, which has
cut-out handles at a distance of 7 inches from the floor, begins in a position
45 degrees to the right at a distance of 12 inches and ends directly in front of
her at a forward distance of 18 inches. The worker performs this task
constantly for 6 hours per day.
a) Evaluate this job using the 1991 revised lifting equation. Show all
calculations.
b) Where would you concentrate your efforts if you were asked to redesign
this job.
c) How would your results change if the lifter was a 28 year old, 280 lb
man?
In-Class Exercise
WORKPLACE MEASUREMENTS
Horizontal Distance HBEG = 12 HEND = 18
Vertical Distance VBEG = 7 VEND = 32
Distance
(vertical) traveled DBEG = 25 DEND = 25
Asymmetry ABEG = 45o AEND = 0o
Frequency
of lift (lift/min) F
BEG = 4/m FEND = 4/m
Coupling quality CBEG = good CEND = good
Box Weight= 18 lbs
6 hours/day
SOLUTION (part a)
Starting Position
RWLst = 51 * HM * VM * DM * AM * FM * CM
HM= 10 / H
VM= 1 - (.0075 |V - 30|)
AM = 1 - (.0032*A)
HM= 10 / 12 HM= .83
VM= 1 - (.0075 |7 - 30|) VM= .83
DM= .82 + (1.8 / 25) DM= .89
AM = 1 - (.0032*45) AM = .86
FM= .45 (From Table)
AM = 1 - (.0032*A)
HM= 10 / 18 HM= .56
VM= 1 - (.0075 |32 - 30|) VM= .99
DM= .82 + (1.8 / 25) DM= .89
AM = 1 - (.0032*0) AM = 1.0
FM= .45 (From Table)