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    Dragon Fruit Cultivation PDF

    Transféré par

    lulay1974

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    CHAPTER 4 DRAGON FRUIT Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton and Rose HPM, Gunasena D.KN.G. Pushpakumara ‘Department of Coo Science Faculty of Aarcuture, M. Kariyawasam INTRODUCTION Dragon ft ibiocreus dais (Haw) Briton and Rose) is 2 climbing vine sac species which ‘has received worlwide ‘ecognin, firs, as an omamenal pnt and thn a Fit cop (Pte 1) Rs ft the ost Deaf in the family Cacacese wath [eight ed shin stad with een seas ad wt ord lsh with tiny Back sen, ‘The Rowers so tenuate nicknamed a5 “Neble Womna or “Quten of the Nigh" The uy sh ofthe fat is delicious ins, lis wel eblbed as new erp in Asta, (China, sal Malaysia, Newapus, Taiwan and Vitam, In Vitam, iehae become amo export, wich fetches a higher pie tan even Datla the "King of Fru in southeast Asia. ‘The man constant is that the esablisiment eos is high due to the use of telises for climbing However, te cot of establishment wil dpend on the ype fof elses used, and experience shows tat a lively cheap Telising i sulicle. The eer agronomic practices ate easy and Tes expensive; mirtnance cost sow and area sii due to fewer pest tl dseve attacks. The bigest advange of thi cop ie that once plated, wil grow for about 29 year and one stare could be yoo rascal wing lolly avisbe organic manures ct Gepon,the enan for nitogen ie compara Tess Soper! pst te it cope.” Thas log deat Se fl cose a fut rp forte fre (Gas od Postpekmar, 200; Guana a, 206, Plate 4.1: Dragon Fruit ant with Flowers and Frais Trained ‘2s Conerete Trelis TAXONOMY The gems Mhiocorews (A. Berger Bion & Rose isa small genus ‘hat consis aboot 18 wopical American sposes (thot ol en, 199%; Mabberey, 1993} The members of the gems are vine (climbing with sil rots or epiphytic im nate) cat with ice fnged stems and mostly ith very agrantnoetual white Mowers. Dragon fit common mae fr ute of several eit speces As thee are new eros, hee i set confsion abot thet taxonomic ea: ile each species classification i bas on the mature of stm hui colour ofthe skin ofthe rt andthe color ofthe at pap (able 41) Edible eat ae divided int two groupe bas onthe ‘ature of stm habit, namely vine (pis, climbing or erating) Set and columnar each, Hable vine (liming) cst specer along two dilfernt genera Ipocereut and Sleniorcus Wt ths colar caf prion belongs rcs gems, camely Coes, Paehycerus a Sonoorou (Crane and Dal, 2004). ‘Table 41: Chsifeaion of Dilferent Rabe Cat Species Bascd (on Nature of Stem Habit, Skin and Pulp Colour. Colne of Species Fraitskin ruil Vine cat Ilocoren deer Hplocres nda Hilecreet angal — Thiocreus eastaricenss Usiocreus pobrhins (yn He mona) (Creu agua Yelow White Acanthoceres pls Yellow White _Lareusocamponts_____Red__Red___ Soures Crane ani Baer 20045, Mica and Ne! (595) TH Zar tal (20083). “Tne meet of Dragon rite flows: Kingdom Plantae (Pints) Subkiggdom —Trahesbint ecu pins) Super division Spematopyta (cod pms) Division Magnoliophyta (Rowerng pans) Css | Magnoliopsida ictseons) Order Canopies amily (Coctacea (cats fai) Subtamily ——_Cctideae Tite Hyoceeae Gers pocerews (Berge Brit & Rose. Spaces ‘socerer unt) Bet & Roe Soures: Briton and Rose (1963) 1SB (20025 NPDC 200), Symons Dragan tis known by ever syomyns Table 4.2), “Table 42: Synonyms of Hplcrens undo tees ‘Cees engl Carts anglais va Lae spills Jeg, eet tp. Aer His 82176 Cera penal Ceres painless Blan) A BS, Gila) A Berger Kalin 111929, on Val 913 ‘Corson [L) Corr rangle (nse) wor Hig Vis Maer DC.”— rsjoed Candle, Pro a8 1828 Corus ceratar Ceres cori Css, Bul oe Bat ‘oneln rane St eo 1907, ‘Caring Carr ig Ha a pe Hievar gneralenisEktum, Montscle Kabesk 2168 Ea fon Cores iar as Corr wi wet Po: ig Ra hem 710.1890 Toso Teer eral ea Bon (putonalntBcian) Roe Cas 2:18. 1920 ton & Roe = : {loess Toon ics (Gos Bion (Gorcin) Bion Rose Cote US. Na Het 1229-1909 Common omacaar names Drago fino by 3 varity of common/emaclar ane ht ry to iin and for county coum. This sma due oe teperane ton sd ppl anne it nes (Table 4.3). roe one ‘Table 43: Common/Vermacelar Names of Drago frit Lan Chinese ania “Colombian Piahaya ralanea, lor dCi ngs Stawbary Par, Dron fi, Piatra, Nak Blooming Cereus, Belo ____ Night Cones lant Gueen ofthe nigh TFreadh Bele de it, Civelesa, Pays roves, Pi Poe de cardon ‘Geman — Dist, Ett whi sii Paniickgerao, Papin pa Fan ofa Ines —Buahaaga Tnnel 97 Common / Vernacular Name Me “Tuo, Forde ai Piva, Piao, Tao Fong Gaatene Caren eto Rico Fer decal Pisa. uno, uno Tapio, Oi ‘Rein de late Yanericl Forde cai, Pa Pita Vista Dragon i Tac ong Spanish Chae, Chal-wob, Flr Ge lz, Faco pa, ih, idaya oon, Tus, Nop BIS eta nae Laks Dragon it Sweish Dut, E2hetilbon, Dacha atop Rl piahaye ae Soares TRGRT 2006) 188 O02}; USDA (O05). Za ef al OOH ver iptpicat com (20), BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION ‘one 1s poem, fst growing. climes, with tanger or Fie uote sed sams. Th stems ae fleshy, ie ks, wih ry eached segment (Pate 41). ach eget bas Coe way ‘tisor mis with comeous margin and 13 spines, of te someines (peSicn These form ara roots that aere and limb an keep ‘meine rs cuble Te vine cmb ove rok, es of Ci read form dese mse. Thee ar 2-5 shor hap pies (eUESleThe stems may rach 6 mac ore depending on tbe Sebi coniens tn I, wndams, the stomata ate sue inte jams andthe sem issues contain considenble volume of Pei Hoeven, thy dot have a wax layer. Therefore, lous tolerance i Tower compo 192 polis (Mizrahi ni Nerd (99. Floral morphology and flowering phenology: At te oss of Frag, 5 pei luton emerge om the sem mais an 2 Jerates may develop ina ower buds in about 13 days Pate 42 {uj he gh eon stil flower bas each aboot 26 em afer {ays when antes ecu (Pie 42 (2) The Dower ar ares, ‘mart, and examen. They ae wtp in sme Ippervery eg poxtumal, and ball shaped (Pale 42 (3). The ower opens ep, staring between 630-70 pm and opening of efooe compte by aout 1000 pm (Pate 2G). AL about ‘Poo pn ie mer closes afr pli and theca he Mower ‘epi ok Th peta close completly by daybreak, 1 istered tht empeaue an ight intensity may fet the ‘looming On warn lady days the fomer ay open at abet $0 fm ne in evo lepers the writing maybe delayed ti bout Toon fowers are not polite dig the net hey remain pen un he mex moring, The deveopnent of fl bu 0 8 By opened ower aes 2535 days (Pospakumara eta, 2005; Zecet al, 2008). lower production in Si Laks is usally hom Api w Noverter, Snes extending ill Deemer and crs i four 0 sn ses (Gusipubunars ea, 2005), Flowering i indvod by tong days, TER ptowpeiodeeponine specs. However the effet of pero is dependaat on tempers and th the fine fom Fpotperic infection to ower appearance increases when the temperate rises bsyond the optimal point (Feng Ro sn Chang- Rey," 1997, Lars, 2008 Yan snd Wallace, 1995). Potnaion end sefncompatisiy: Poliation is eset in fit frat fhe Dagon eA the for open in the nih, als ata rote inthe nat range polinte the owes. In any “huss where the erp grown as 2 new cop polation poo fico ack of ata polnston. Hence, hard polination has tec rozzesed to increas fit sot Under Si Lankan conditions, ore be dpi corns, ithe hey bee psa) and Rock Doe {pis dvs efectvely pia the Dragon rit ding the cry ours orig Pashpkumara a, 208) 1 ndates possess & weakened sefincompatile mechanism. ‘Therefe,effet yliaton oul be acieved by cross elation heompaible cone (Liekenveg eal, 2000; Nerd and Mizrahi, 19, Weiss ef al, 1998), Hence, © avoid low fit ae, mined lings with sever genotypes is recommended. Akoogh Tefomaton i limited, expeimets contd by Tel-Zar al {G0080)Lictenrves fa (2000) and Weis fc. (1998) showed {bat soc yocerens sp, cs Poly with each ober. (cross Compa) The crosesbiity among diferent taxa of irk Specs, may provide infomation abot thit close) geet ‘Rinowhipe dete thie elsifeion a independent otis Shon This incerta diferent spees may be conser neers of he same pensool re morphology end fring: Tho t's» ia rs, Tce ped cpason bry The bor sighed with re sini aes Th rt play eo el si joy Gaedig on te varcerpeces Pinte 42 (6). Puts 2 om bs vay (tp md he cette hat ound ti Seay pe The rl change te el sou fom Been oa abot Seah ane anes. The pol re fly vo in he next 45 de Short coor canes About 25-1 dae aten he iy Spot plies spa wis pel dy weit a Telprcnnge weer nthe pel desu, Ft fess al Ceres daring ths paid: Drago frat oom climates fit SCRE apenas the tute brome pink! altough the seals AR peed ute cn be bared btween 300 dys Smt ot linn) tod eo 99% Paspkamac tf, 205 ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION ‘The erign of Hhfcers spp isin the wopial and sub tropical forest regions of Mexico and Cental and Sout America Caclding Southam Manco, the Pacific side of Gustema, Cosa Ris El Salvador, Venenila, Colombia, Eeuador, Curcao, Near, Pama, Braz and Uruguay (Briton and ose, 1963: Backebers 1866; Bars and Hun, 1998, Mizabi et af, 1997). From the ents of ein Dogon it ae spread to topical nd eb piel ‘Ament, As, Auta and the Mile East Carey i sing alvated ina feas 22 cones ofthe topics, Ausra, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Esuadr, Goutemala, Hava, Indonsi, Isc Japan, Laos, Malia Meri, New Zealand, Nieargun, Peru tbe Pines, Spun, St Lark, Taiwan, Thad, te soul western USA and Viewam (Miz and Ned, 1999; Nerd eal 200, Nobel and Barca, 2002). Histocal evidence indicts thatthe Freeh inode the erp 0 Vitam abou 100 yeas ag9 and season Gr he King, Later, dec popular ag the wenlay mils of the este county. Viemam bas favourble climate enditions for growing opi rus manly inthe soutien pa in ‘he Mekong Del and nthe southeast, ad Dagon ft thes in ‘hese seat. Dragon rl wa race 9 Si Lan io 1997, PROPERTIES OF SPECIES, USES AND PRODUCTS Dragon fis amin fit witha varity of mc hough the competion of Wis species tas not been extensively sud, artsy with referees fo the component ofthe uit The mos “aloe end corimoniy az eile pr of Dragon frat the rat Dp whic const 70-80% of the pe ui The empciton of Ful pulps ven in Table ‘The most lable nd commonly wal ible pat of Dragon fut is he pp which ict a as ea ri, The pp cotiaes 7.80% Of the ripe ft. The Davour of fit pup is sometimes Similar that of te Kini fut. Dragon rut pulp could be chilled Sc it half show te mace fl, cio cad or scooped ‘th spoon, Mis idly wed in fat slide restaurants (Lc, 2). “Table 44: Average Composition of Dragon Frat Species Amon pr 100 go Pulp Composition Floss Hslcernt Selmer tindate i wart ws wea asa Pricing) Fu Phospions (xg) 19 ron (Fe) (mg) a “Carotene (ng) = = “hime (a) ~ 0028-0045 = ‘Nain (og) a 129713, a7 -Aoobi aid (ig) vale Sores ICBF (199); Manion (187) ww Tovepiaya sam 2006) Drage fs canbe processed ino a range of indi pod ach jc, sere, amy rupee ream, youu, jell, preserve canly fd pases Somatimes the pulp 6 misad in pizza, Wine mae sing Dragon fri io popular indisty i Malaysia. Proceed proce ean be produced om exh fut plp or Rozen pap. The Fed and pink pulp of Dragon fit canbe teed asa food coloring en and 8 rw mtr forthe fod colouring nse (Gab-Xt tn Wan, 2008) The flower buts of Dragon ft are wed fo make foups or mix in sla and coud also be eaten as 4 vegetable Sometimes sis abo made using the flower. Dragon fit poses moicinal popes. The reese varies ‘Dragon fut ae ich in anions is known opevet coo fancer and dibs, nearer ois substances such as eat ‘als, reduce choles nd igh bod press It als reported {© contol high sugar levels, prevent cancer an! Healing. an promote deal heath. Ir rich wit viamin C, phorphons and caleium (Table 4.9, eps to develop strong bones, test and ski, ‘hei is consiere at “heath Dragon fut could be an asst to smallboldets as well as ‘eeprenears of tedium and rg sae planation. Ih is fast ‘etum paren ft op with production nthe soso yes ae ‘ling and fll rodton within five yar ‘The yield ae aso high, and regular bearing brings ea incomes tothe grower, In lage Sale planations, aibough inal investment i compaively igh, prof is subantal and within 43. yeurs about Re. 5.3 milion cosld be eared. Dragon fit is an ieal new cop for the dry ares. Ai iss tolerant o some exten, could be gow aan income eenraing {top in the coal Bel ofS Lanka tis ao «god cate plat forthe developcat of sustainable agrfirety syiems. ta his aspect rather than eplacig one crop sth er is nortan! fo interatsth species nto existing faring systems, partly to ‘wopialaoforsty stone ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS ‘imate: Untke otber exc, which ae from dest orn, Dragoe fruit ha its origin fom areas with eat rainfall ranging em 1,730.2540 mea An average yearly tail of $001 00 mm it quod for healy plant row Excessive rin may ease De Movers wo dop and’ somctines the fut rot Suitable growth ‘onltons Fr Dragon ut shown in Tabs 43 ‘Table 45: Suitable Growing Conditions for Dragon fruit Gime Their — Optimum condition —— ‘Ase (m) up 1700. aa Tenparture (C)— 2030 i Rainfall (nm/yes) 5002000 (vith aemative dy and wel Silipei oa) | Well dined red yeow poole, a Sar Sie Dean fit cul! he gown in a wide rane of sis The most portant co et the sit shoal be well dnc a i does not oleate war lasing Dragon fi preter slighy side sil. The ‘bt stile elon with plenty of organic mater can toe some sa inthe roi although he extent of tolerance wil depend on ecules AcRoNowy Propaation Thate a two metbods of promusting Dragon ft plans: () set weston nd (3) epee propagation ‘Seed propagation: Seo! propazation involves te clltion of szeds from ele rts of mother plat, washing then with war and termining them on wet bling papers or «sand clay mitre ‘Senter germina in 34 daye and sedings ea be postal 45 weeks er gomisaton, They ate ready fr fe pig by 9-10, Irons “Te method evry simple, however he quality othe now ‘ising cane be punannd due to eros palliation (0 Ue 0 {ype} Furr, sedings also grow slowly nd the dime tke 10 oveh bearing ape it usualy (4 years) Hongor than fr pans roasted ng eating. Vegetative propagation: The casiot and cheapest met of ropweaing Dragon ot vegstavely is by eating. Dragon fut las etblihed fom cutis st lowering fle one fo year= ‘St ann Cutis cn be obtsine throughoat the sear, however, eat pesterabe fo collet the eating ar fraing season of motor Plane Catings daplaying colors other than normal plant cout Fovld be avo All cating shold be collected ealy fo the tmoming. Im popazaon by cating. te etice stem sme or 15 (a cm cating col he wed (Ze ef a, 2000 The longer the sting, faster ie the regeneration tale of new shoots - probably ‘Soacsted withthe amount of sired food. emoving teeing, {slatng ct s made athe tem base. Mate cating ate bt ss they a ets Wo inset and. sal damages To reve he focus of eas the cutings are eed with hag ‘Teta eating should be coed in a cool dry arn fer 5-7 ays ‘before plating ‘The eatings can be dietly planted inthe fils bul the most omen pecie i to pk them in a sable posting mea for footing, Use ofa tig hamone before planting wil encourage the {ck formation of root The umber of aventiiousrot eras “hen dipped in BA a 10.00 mo (Varzse Santiago ea 2003). If {poting enmone i vaabeK shoud be appli Yo he clings st ‘an improve rong evcese and ice be time taken for rok Aevelopnent (0-15 day neat of 40-0 days). The cut ed ofthe farting shuld be moistned and dpe fo 1 sco the powder efor meting sso normal gusery sol inte, These cutis row fsbo 3 en pt day ad develop astong rot system in +6 oc If he etings hve fo be Wanmported long dances thy ‘ould be wrapped in moist lat x pape o preva hss of mois ‘The cating should he watered regularly but ot excesvely, an ‘nce well eased thy canbe transplant ino the fl. Dragon fot ually peoduce a sallow avenious rot system whch, ‘when plas bags ad tral pots ae st, may pent inthe Soil Moving te pos wilt the plants for fed exablsmen i therefore dite operation loving the po 06 a mised bench (perforated or nce) resus ths problem, ste rots can be i red wih no daag othe growing plants. Dragon rt can aun be propagated vepetatvely by grain. Grating i howener ot very common ae cating ar easy and eonveicet Ieliod of propagation. However, the grafting mall is netic ‘hes using eset rotsocks a sos. Preparation of mursery: The nurseries are prefered as they give ‘uth more and exer contol foi wat, igh and mien fics, ‘Ths nursery canbe stared 3 ont Refer te nso th is and Tovted coe to he plating sito avoid transport oss and damaze topline. Shade is se for utingsestblismen. Selects canbe trade for unfomiy, vigour and bea of planing mat. Ik [roel [100 pln could be accommodate ia 10310 of eer ce, Therefore the sz ofthe nurery i dependent om the rumher plans routed. Not allutings wl ot, st is beter to prepare 2 ‘Slghly Irs area hon forth exact suber of plans required cid Establishment Dragon ft plans prefer full slight, ence pen areas are mos tbl or plating Tey sould nt be plied ender hea shade ‘ocinbogey patches, The in should he fe dining and ot abet {fo Land preparation: Weeding required on al Dragon ft planing ‘esp om in meter aod the panting Pole planted on 3 ‘slang the gre noes fo bereaved fo Tn arcteraued ‘he planing ie Ifa ster overran with Moody arth a stubs, som clesrnes wile nace ‘Spacing: The spacing fo ld planing varies depending on he size fd slope ofthe pantaton In anal cle plnting no proper spacing is routed. Wider spacing wil provide aut ait cretion and fener shines for oecerece Of dicaee The spacing sil also ‘pend onthe pe of poss wed for elsing. The common spacing eli prenia Fables “Table 6: Common Spacing of Dragon Fruit Mans No of planta 100 3 a 730 “rein: As the Dean iti x inn ac the vines hve t9 te inch cone or wodkn posts fences, al ness fe spon Ther should bea pont for cach vine d'etre To ‘Spy iach top Te ie oft Dragon ft vis i nga 23 dears hoes the drat ofthe post sof consieblenporane. {he pon ato be very stg ar a yar ovine may werk Sot Too kg: hence oly concrete orb tbr pots wil sl to beat the weight The wooden pox te cheap, Suter dareity fe ow Compare fo concepts tsa oo foul to hangs he ons fey thought gone of theca athe vine etre wih he posto sear at for climbing. Heo, the best would bet w= Rng though the itl ont hgh The geste pot $lze ls 10150 mm amet and 2m high and should be bred 40 minh round In Si Lanka conor poste ae commonly used. A wid aber ne cat erosevise and placed on the top ofthe posts as Beeb used ‘ecefilyotrin he vas in oc! Dragon i plains. Sie ‘ies or faes mae of wte mesh should nt be uo at cd cot and damage te vines; they also care and re wot log lating (Figures Pee. an 42 (0, thre are only few vines, evn garde wal or we ksh a Areca could be used as. post Any tp o els hat cn suport ‘he web of the vines and alow ary soe lowers fora otiatin andi fo hevosng sary ening made sine Figure 1: Trelibes Made of Concrete Post and Rubber Tyre ‘Used at alain Drago frat Plantation in Se aah, ‘Plate 4.2: Floral Buds, Flowers, Feats and Plantation of Dragon ‘Noe: = Nora bus, 2= wae ats 3= opened Mowers ing he night, ris of diferent varices and plantation with Potato The ale shoul be abot 30cm deep a 20 em wie The sil shouldbe oem othe sides ofthe bowled base ‘hs wl pte development of root tans, The supporting posit sated at the conte of the plating bole, well m advance by ‘Shedding ton concoct make fim 0 enable the vine eli. The hole sould be filed o grou! level withthe sil that wa emote. If theres instil soil et igsng the pt the oso ‘Soulless ptt to Men the si toured the tase of hep 16 round lve. Tho plat should be wad ty iran do not cee Dragon ft plans are placed ner the pot enable limb Sy Lankan condom, 2. plans per pst may be legit Iwate is constamlyavalal, plating may be doe thoughout the yer. However, he bet tine for planing isa the Bening ofthe Fainy Talaing to wllses and pruning: The plats grow fst and each the tls na shor pond As he vies grow hey may fall the the vines giow towards the trelis and only the outer leader vines Soci Be allowed to grow. Once the vines reach the eel f= ranching allowed ese Figure 2 fr deta) Removal of he ip ‘efered oa strectaral pring or making attr on he wes ‘Drago fit grows try fst and fore thick dense meso vines fon the top ofthe trelie A well plant i the fit yor shold Se This condition may inresse pst an dscns poems Iwill 2s tree wih te elu epaations and havens, ‘This ithe sage fr production tralnig and inthis process the xcs stems and tas that are dea and sae ar emoved. Ti ‘il maintain hey ad vigor sens. Aer harvest thee shold te abot 50 main branches wil neo two sosndary brches oo 3 rin branch, The etary an quarterly branches sold be removed. ‘Once pred the praning cu eho berated with fang, The ‘inns cus pode flowers andrew stems The kt portions of tie ‘ner should he ranoved oat of he Geld o preven! contamination. “They could te wed a propazues or compoted. Tring operations _arceasir a miday wen he vines sores Urvigaon Dragon fit, altbough a member ofthe Family Cactaceaeregies plenty of water fr thei growth because they have enigiatd fo tropical rainforests. Ther oot sytem is dined i the top 15-30 ‘nv of the oi hence iigaton is required fo entre the newd ol ote conta paicubry tring the ey spall The aal Toqucment is 11182,S40 mm por yea If the rainfall tel {iit ieiation mya be equ, bi sore month of he year whe aa ses, itgaton sess to main good growth Exeenive ington snot desea rey proms bac sn fongal diseases. If he ate fequnt dy periods witht ition, fit poucion willbe les andthe vines wil produce all ts, In gener te crop shouldbe subjected to a dey pid in th pre- oor perid wo proce more fowers Then the si sould have sdagute mse for lover an ft development, Ft epliting tay result When exposed towel and dry pero daring at evelopment” In cide to avoid tis sol olsuremaltenance is ‘ery neoscury. Misoinigaion stems will bo ary ust 19 Eero soi meisre. Muledig is nacesay To reduce mise Loss $urnainmotienatnthe i, erticer Application Dragon fit requires judous application of ferilizer for higher ick The recommendations of frizce rates vary wiely. ‘Avan reports nda thatthe crop bas abe fried een inthe eal phase of growth. The recommend feier apn fm Taiwan it 4 kg of onpanie manueplant cvery 4 months, Soplemente wit 100 giant of «commercial 13-1313 fetiiet Jn Hawai planiaon, 216-1616 NPK mast i appli #5 "only itera t 160230 plan Caleam and microns re ‘a applied to nance ut growths firme Supe Blom filze which hat a composition of 010-10 0 2-10 Tovhas bor recommended fr Drago fut. These ae 1 itoues In View, young Cs han 3 yar ld) plats are friized with 10-18 ky of faye manure and 100g of super ospiaePant a the tine of planing. Daring theft two Yea, 300 of wes ad ‘tong of NPK (1168) i apliod to cach pho every year The fener sapped ine lot a oae moh x months an else tron ac pang, rexpectvely (Ke. 1997). Mature plants (at [eet tsce years sol be given 580 @N, 7200s, 200 KO Sr a0'hy of famed manurepaniear The quan is vied mo four os The fit agplied mediately fer hares, ad ‘ses 400 N, 20% othe PDs ad al he arya mares: The ‘ound is applied two monte later (30% N, 20% PDs 18% KO) fi te thd jot before Bowens (10% N, 46 POs A KO) ‘Ta forth coms th emai eter i pis whe he Joung rats are developing (Tl, 20), “Thee ate wo fries sesommendations for Dragon fit ia So Tika ‘The Apter Resereh Staion. at Makanda tas augesede minfr of NPK [1-2 313040 pine applied 3 ines et Seer (Alvis 2006). The plnation at Bula ses organic ‘rates at leat aes ith spocel falizer mixture (ISN TEES Mg TE) ipod from Tada 100 ply Te rutin! runt for Deage fat in various areas of Sr. Laks arto be stud Dragon fit an be grown crgaicly wit applying inorzaic feazes or posicies, hence thas market pote as ahs (ani ut Organic manures soc as cate or poultry manure ot (it decompose compost could be wed. The cet tea io many ‘hue nto ase oramie martes wit any cher ees ‘eta the high imnanal demand fr egal produce fis: Fora induction for OFF Season Flowering ANbgh ited information saab, experiments cond ia ‘Toran evaded tht off season cops canbe bined by ein Fowaing by breaking the dark prt wth arial ht between 1.00 el 200 pm Tis lian ncandencent Ut bls (100 a) about 12-13 spacing muponde above 8 above the ground (eng Rv ad Chane Rasy, 19979 1997 Zee al, 2008). Theo: ‘Seson fs ar larger ant reso and thy fete ler prise nthe ‘ae. The very long fit eid wll net he powers a the frit could bo sold nthe markets rig the off seasons Khaiov fn Miah (2006) in Irae showed that growth repulior [NC hivo-pyridnyD-N-phenlutea(CPPU) and iibeeic acid {GAD} and over timing can be wed 1 ether promote oF day ower i Dragon frit sod that CPU canbe sad 12 ‘btu ey Nowe ad GAs o ower hing to dls coping Flower thing ean be dave bythe rnoval of foal bods by ot plating the ower ‘Wosd manages sion a hy cold compte wit the {erat an mint an prove cer ler pes eho Wit ae at ny at ee Wes col an pow ely {the op widely jee. Speci ae shoul bean como Sfepine weds hey wil eae with th nes making eva ‘ey aca. ineeopying wih ele ope wil Nee Bes hina income cout he nents. Furth, saan ote Somat cu be ahieve the mea ops eh weld Cover In Lanai weg nd mung pats {woe aoganen and me coscaaon ite 42 Dagon fit is sompertiely fe of poss, The common pst ‘eponcd oe ans, se sets, ely bp. bss, ‘Ele, cao tere, moma it Bs bey mel ‘eS nhn habe try nal n ‘Sheraton ofa saver sae hve boo pod Fora Crane dale, 200) ae Diseases A few diseases have Been reported in Dragon iit A sot watery Stem rot eased by onomonasconpess commen di 1 ove Yeatering or in wet weather hs boo repre in Cental Amerie sre Ista Brow spots came by Dorel and athaemse has Alen heen reported ie plato in Foida and Ncuagua A stat tinese has bosn cbusved in wild and commercial platings i Mexico, probably by fxocoecum-ke namo of foiryoxphaeria atid The patogen produces lesons of various zs, these lesions sometines expand ad affect ee sem Valencia ea, 2001, 2004). Autvanose alo altcks the fits Fusarium ‘nysporum attacks the anc. Jn Colombia mat of he planstione of 'Smegelonfas fave Deen wpoted due 0 best infstaons with Ting (Bibiowiez and Hemandez, 1998) Tho pracee of wider Spacing s sugges fo improve air cculaion an at penetration ‘whch nt could reduce ease problems. YIELD AND HARVESTING ‘Yel: Dragon ft bears within st toning months ed yields could [eobainal fom the second year ona The average yell aout 10412000 kph atthe ead a he tied year" However, commer) lnitins in Ia, Malaysia and Tatwan produce between 1600 27000 kaa (Mri and Nex.” 1996, 1999). The proper ‘management ofthe vines at it thing inpover the sizeof Se Friend ld. The svrage rt weight about 380 The Hower ‘a fats can be thinned to improve nd mini ft sie a ‘aly, whieh 3 import whan prosuing for export matt, Under Sei Laka conitions a Balai ye of sot 18,00 22000 kg of ute ean be obaned per year with frat-mceh ‘aging fom 350880 pie Pushpa ef, 208) larvesting: The arveting ime vanes depending oo the county este erp i ulate. Therpeing imei sly from ane December. in mow of the coutre nang Si Lan, Dragon fit ‘pen dring thi tine. The fs have tobe sleet harvested they ape asin mes Moston harvesting ie dave tite tec. The barventing i done corefly ung praning ives without ‘Saraging the Tuts Aer harvesting tbe as shou Be Ket in ‘ool snd place before tanfeming tht or staring. {As stata, the Dragon fri ¢ 3 non climacteric fit (Nee a, 1999). Thereore, he ris have to be picked ot mann gt levels and sedis. At peak ripeness, te fits become pinks, aliough the sels renin geen Peak riponng races a 40.50, ‘aye ater lomring Ife ae tengo ep to 30 days te frat baomesswece and heavier Chang and Yen, 1997) Since verge ruts ave les sel i anda tendeny to spit, Tha isimportant ‘haves fit athe come ine PROCESSING AND MARKETING Processing and Storage: Ii nosey to re Dragon fits er harvesting for varying prods of time, Evidence indetes tht alt Tvesting the respiratory rate decrees and the weight los ices showing vse svivelling ler about the cighh day (Areva Galan and OniztNernds, 2008) If hey are sold ia he He sakes, the ore pid wil bel but when grown fr overs ‘ake proper slong Is nscesary. Its eopored that the fe ould be sort in perforated gs for 25-30 days at §C (ee ol. 2008, Storage temperature forthe eh ui mast shoul be 1-20 $C a 85.90% RH (Crane and Bae, 2000) Drgin fits cold be stored up fo 45 days at 7-10 °C ta reative amity of 90-98% (ates, 2004. 1is porta tha ft aves lose t fal pel colour development oep thei vin accopante an. marketing guy fo at ast 3 weeks 6,2 weeks a 14°C or | week 20, 'C. Yellow Dragon ft could be stoed fr four weeks st 10°C. If ‘he temperature 20 the storage pete is ess (Net et a, 1993) IF the fats ae moved in and out of cold sorage, shelite is Srascally reduced This happens een when the fats are bot fom storage for sale and moved into stoves again if theyre wold ‘The skins of stored fits Beeme thinner ae water moves into the ‘es ftom the shin, bt they have Higher sg lvl alough the lat wll be Is. The fozen pulp i ao wld in sone makes The ‘ukting of fozen pulp isa alenate mand, which is Booting pula, the products nt bjt to gute frat Marketing: nthe comnts of poduction thee lea market for Dragon fut. Some repos inde Wat the fa sal fn the European markets ae boat mainly fr their Desi and sat for ecoration. The European market his aceped Drago fits we but th sper markt cain requires over 300 myer (Mizrahi e 2002) The total Dragon fat proton hast be nee fo met Uisand the expanding demand. The prodton i 2001 was about 70 ni. Vienan's most inporant export fut ie Dragon fa In ‘Thailand and Viet the fut fed lolly in fesh fom, fo coating, and widely mined eshte." Vienam fas expand its mates in Cina, Mong Kong and Japan, whieh ret GRE tags suaty Fut Dragon fie as 2 che market in Fale Te fu indasy in Norther Australia is wel developed fee the nvdectin ofthe te fat. They have bland ste, but he tts proce in Tao have uch beter tse than the al titer Coting progam focusing on the ste of These fui may fete to overcome ths role athe ate. _Accouting foc information in Si Lanka tee rowing al ‘in eaprt demand for Drago frat In he Teal super marks dhe ESPs about Re, 2502000 we te export market pie Shue Re 380-10" Thee appt to bea great fue for these feats due wo early and. cones. ils, Desai appeaanc, ‘hems taste, comparatively Tong elif and above all the sy seat uteason ad te iim demand for igstion water in (yates and ures tolerance ‘COST OF PRODUCTION AND PROFITABILITY ‘Accurate infomation onthe cot of cation ofthe Dragon is ‘Ax able deo the oct origi ofthis crop. Even ine “oumticr where Dragon ut ron a aconrnscal cop, he ts Sha profi snot decanted ence tees a dearth of ination fn Ge eost of production and pot. The estimated com of ‘Uudvaion, in rect of rctrent and egpal cose and prod of ‘ragon it elvan so Buatsnla, Sei Laka, provides some laies she ctimaton of recut cos and profs, Theft fata bee exegorizad i oor components ely Inbar Se ater cous, According he above estmatns the prot of rast fit eutvaion i Ra 53 eaion a ih years afer pling (Gunmen nd Psp, 2006, unser i, 2006) tn gael, material co! in Dragon rt clvation is compartvely igen comparison to oer fit cops doe tothe eoqaemest of ‘Ei wells (ones pots) sad eave expensive plating ‘aaa Cite! potices of Dagon fui eativation nla and fruraion digging af Roles 10 establish poss and plas, eld ‘fatchmeat, support ad tring of Dragon ut vines, wens fereing, and harvesting. Somcumes aiflal polation is abo ‘Routed ihe lands sep, teres should be coninctd fo easy ‘Sbtshment sso eonseration, Holes sbould be deep enh 0 cpa The ap dain hs 20 eH at focomes could be obained overs long ped provided ta pod Apfel pts followed cop mage (GENETIC RESOURCES AND IMPROVEMENT Sete at of Ds it ein dio sts Mo common arth sekeons of he hfaereu spose Hye Seveopd by cring Hacer nd Stensceres eis a so San name eum such oh yi es plop a umber of alive of Dragon i which se commatly fable for rower: The resco ening snd accion ‘Taiwan and Viewam has produce ole an high podatne Dragon ftv, Oxsanding nets ve lo oen wae Vitam "Many slots san de on te ed Mee ‘arises boging the cll ted pst pth a Costar andthe bs wth Ha Thce vans old ‘empored fom commercal nicest steal to et ‘ose plans wid dental gui tools er sede ‘epee stl Whe song god mer nth bw ‘Points should be considered: eet ‘+ good vignorand well developed eo iceasev end undamaged witht sins of pest stacks od yes of quality its (over 30 is per year ith erage nea of ver 450 fle oy a ith 5.7 Mass pr ‘lfcompabilty and uniformity of fats “This esewch is made onde the oti lasifcstion for brewing and crop inpeoverene. Molecular and exolgical studies sme careatyundervay ip knoe! 19 idonify the thononi ‘eltionships beeen spaces. RESEARCH NEEDS [aly yee dveloped fom den spies ve sw beter eality taste compared 10 varieties of a species. Therefore, & pm cnascoment ani besdng prop swe on the {Ear dcr arco of te flr bec eve few sacs nt yes romue tvaton reg om ‘Rou a seity an dcop sleonpaieclivarvanees {ce poor polaslon and wit sts brn reed dae ‘Sling "Fumio, en eases of te mode of mbertare of potent agen tn nch a fi ae ad Gey e980 note arte developmet fs pss, “The arable infomation also oe init hat the tmcoomy of Dragin it al 9 sae of confon Thue, understanding of epradutve boly” and tonomy sould be investigate. A ‘ciation of class! a moleular breeding ols soul be sed {0 beter undostnd the pectic composton, fo bret dsb ‘ies of Dagon ft ‘Dragon iti sly point by buts and mots in cena ‘conroment, Fath, el neompailty bas bee opr many ‘counter reducing the plea yield of fut, Therefor, research fm polinuica and compatbiliy with diffrent cones and crea ‘intent spose will bo asf forthe exgaion of Dragan fut “ltrstionn counties weet hs boen exealy seduced. fee met name ebb ie ice Del Siies Pasciad ran 2 irae a ee See ae eee Saris eee {or eran Drago fut be omer among Ee Tee arene eat See ee nae ae Eek Avner main const in eultaton of Dragon fit sth high ‘stable coat due to the us of conte poss as elo Be limbing "Ths, recrch on drab: lw eh, loa avaible olies shouldbe conducted ona prony bass The ole agronomic practices such as taining of vines at prunig OF productive vins shou bested to inprove yields of Dregn cy prove yields of Dr The congestion of Dragan fit has ot boon extensively staid, artulaly wih reference tothe component an popes of the fru. Ther is no local isormatin on rocesing sel postharvest ‘anagement of tis fut. The inkimnstion teaable fora oununies is alo say enc thi anther ae that deserves say In “pares, pontarvest management soaps and eit

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