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Teaching Topics: Abstract

Projectiles in M1 Techniques and strategies for teaching


Projectiles in M1 will be given in this
session, along with useful examples to
enable students to grasp the key
Stephen Lee concepts.

Introduction Starter exercise


Projectiles is a topic that builds upon the What projectiles occur in real life?
basics of motion in one dimension
Javelin, Darts, Archery, Football, Tennis,
It is an application which many students Golf and many, many more sports!
find interesting, yet one with which they
can get lost in the detail Non-sport examples:
Gun shot, canons, fireworks
Clear presentation and statements are key

Assumptions MEI M1 Specification


Students need to know the assumptions that PROJECTILES
The motion M1y Be able to formulate the equations of motion of a
are made about the motion, namely: of a projectile 1 projectile.
2 Know how to find the position and velocity at any time of
a projectile, including the maximum height and range.
A projectile is a particle 3 Be able to find the initial velocity of a projectile given
sufficient information.
It is not powered 4 Be able to eliminate time from the component equations
The air has no effect on motion that give the horizontal and vertical displacement in terms
of time.
5 Be able to solve problems involving projectiles.

Drop two balls example!

1
Nice 1-dimension question Question solution
(Past exam question)
(i) At the maximum height v=0

(ii) Find displacement for particle 1 after time t


Find displacement for particle 2 after time t

Then EITHER:
Equate displacements and solve for t
OR
Sub in the given value for t to show the
displacement is the same

Starter for 2-D Starter for 2-D


Throw a (soft? juggling?) ball between students Points to try and draw out from the exercise

Ask questions: Shape is parabolic, but is dependent upon the


What shape is the trajectory? initial speed and angle of the throw
How can you vary this? You have to give the ball the initial impetus but
How/why does the ball get going? then it acts freely
What happens to it once it leaves your hand? Once in motion need to get students to see that
there is no other force than gravity acting
What forces act upon it once in flight?

2-D Projectiles 2-D Projectiles


The velocity of a projectile is split into two
components, horizontal and vertical. This is the
standard way to solve projectiles questions.

The equations of motion are then applied to


each component of velocity. The main ones
used are:-

2
Time of flight: Range and Max height:

Projectiles Solution strategy

Solution strategy Part (iv) direction of motion

3
Why is the path of a projectile parabolic?
Solution strategy
y
20ms-1 Assume
g = 10 ms-2

60o
x

Displacement and velocity


components:
Horizontal + Vertical +
component component
initial velocity 20cos60o 20sin60o

acceleration 0 -10
x = 20t cos 60 y = 20t sin 60 5t 2
velocity at time, t 20cos60o 20sin60o- 10t 2
x x x
(v=u+at) t= y = 20 sin 60 5
20 cos 60 20 cos 60 20 cos 60
displacement at time, 20tcos60o 20tsin60o- 5t2 2
t (s=ut+at2/2) x
y = x tan 60 5
20 cos 60

Simulations Overview Key


Autograph examples The force that initiates motion is a contact force.
Once the motion of the ball is initiated, the role
of contact force is over. It does not subsequently
Geogebra train example affect or change the velocity of the ball as the
contact is lost.
Geogebra past paper
(see ICT session 6b) Remember that RESULTANT FORCE is
therefore only the particles weight (mass x
gravity) NOT what is actually its velocity!
Geogebra golf cliff shot investigation
(See Stretching B2)
Draw a diagram if you are considering what the
velocity is at a given time

4
Key
Need to make the distinction with the
objects velocity at a given time, i.e. horiz
constant, vertical changing, hence
resultant changes.

Check whether a projectile starts and


lands at the same vertical height!

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