C12 TB Barlow3Ce

Chapter 12: Personality Disorders
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According to the definition of a personality disorder, what kind of pattern of maladaptive behaviour
must an individual show to be diagnosed with a personality disorder?
a. a relatively permanent pattern
b. a highly variable pattern
c. an unpopular pattern
d. a very severe pattern
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: LOW REF: 439
OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember
2. All of the following are necessary conditions for the diagnosis of a personality disorder EXCEPT
which one?
a. maladaptive functioning
b. pervasive pattern of behaviour
c. subjective feelings of distress
d. chronic
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MOD REF: 439
3. Why are personality disorders coded on Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR?

a. because they relate to more ingrained and permanent features than other disorders
b. because they relate to extreme deficits in functioning
c. because they are biological in nature
d. because there are neurological similarities between personality disorders and mental
retardation
4. Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, how can personality disorders be viewed?

a. as disorders of functioning rather than disease
b. as disorders of learning rather than disease
c. as disorders of biology rather than learning
d. as disorders of degree rather than kind
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MOD REF: 440
5. Clinicians who have criticized the way DSM-IV-TR classifies personality disorders view personality
disorders as extremes of normal personality rather than as which of the following?
a. impaired functioning
b. medical conditions
c. biologically based traits
d. separate categories of disorders
Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

6. Both John and Fred meet the diagnostic criteria for paranoid personality disorder. Johns friends are
aware of his paranoia although he continues to live a meaningful life. Freds paranoia is so extreme
that he finds it hard to function in society. What would the DSM-IV-TR Axis II diagnosis for these
individuals be?
a. categorically different
b. in the same category but they would reflect the different levels of pathology
c. in the same category with different specifiers
d. exactly the same
OBJ: 2 BLM: Higher Order
7. The five-factor model of personality includes all of the following as personality dimensions EXCEPT
which one?
a. extraversion
b. neuroticism
c. conscientiousness
d. expressiveness
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: LOW REF: 440
8. What does the cross-cultural research on the five-factor model of personality suggests?
a. Only two dimensions are universal.
b. Western-type personality structure differs from the non-Western type.
c. There is no such thing as a universal human personality structure.
d. The five dimensions are fairly universal.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: HIGH REF: 440
9. The DSM-IV-TRs Cluster B contains the antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality
disorders. How are all of these disorders characterized?
a. by elevated levels of impulsivity
b. by elevated levels of anxiety
c. by elevated levels of eccentricity
d. by elevated levels of extraversion
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MOD REF: 442
10. Of the DSM-IV-TR personality disorders, which of the following disorders are relatively rare,
occurring in less than 1 percent of the general population?
a. histrionic, avoidant, schizoid
b. schizoid, schizotypal, dependent, and avoidant
c. schizoid, narcissistic, and avoidant
d. paranoid, schizotypal, histrionic, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: HIGH REF: 442

11. How do the characteristic features of personality disorders tend to develop?
a. with gradual onset in childhood
b. with rapid onset in adulthood
c. with rapid onset in late adolescence
d. with gradual onset in adulthood
12. According to your textbook, what is the main reason we do not have sufficient research examining the
development of personality disorders?
a. There is insufficient research funding for these disorders due to relative lack of public
awareness.
b. Many individuals do not seek treatment in the early phases of these disorders.
c. There are many other disorders involving far greater impairment, and these tend to receive
the most research funding.
d. Sophisticated research methods are necessary to study disorders that are so ingrained in
personality.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MOD REF: 443
13. What is the prevalence of histrionic and dependent personality disorders (PDs)?
a. Both histrionic and dependent PDs are more common in women than in men.
b. Both histrionic and dependent PDs are found in roughly the same proportions of men and
women.
c. Histrionic PD is more common in women than men but dependent PD occurs in about the
same proportion of men and women.
d. Dependent PD is more common in women than men but histrionic PD occurs in more men
than women.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: HIGH REF: 443
14. A study by Ford and Widiger (1989) suggests that the gender differences observed in the prevalence of
many personality disorders (i.e., histrionic, dependent, antisocial) may be due to which of the
following?
a. cultural scripts that dictate the type of disordered behaviour appropriate for each gender
b. genetic differences
c. gender-specific, learned behaviour patterns
d. gender bias on the part of the diagnosing clinician
15. A woman demonstrating very stereotypical female traits probably would be diagnosed with histrionic
personality disorder. Which of the following would probably occur if a man demonstrated very
stereotypical masculine traits?
a. He would not be diagnosed with a personality disorder.
b. He would be given a diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder.
c. He would be given a diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder.
d. He would be given a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: HIGH REF: 444

16. What is the likelihood of a diagnosis of more than one personality disorder in an individual patient?
a. impossible unless the person suffers from dissociative identity disorder
b. common
c. possible only for personality disorders in the same DSM-IV-TR cluster
d. rare
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: LOW REF: 444
17. An individual presents for treatment and keeps talking about how gangsters are out to get him.
Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, what must we determine?
a. whether he is overly sensitive to criticism
b. whether his fears are justified
c. whether he has any meaningful relationships
d. whether he has symptoms from any other personality disorder
18. You are waiting to board a plane when you hear that the flight has been delayed, due to a passing
thunderstorm. The man sitting next to you says, Passing thunderstorm, sure! Thats Jim again; hes
been doing everything to make me miss this meeting because hes trying to get me fired! Of the
following, this statement would be most consistent with which personality disorder?
a. paranoid
b. schizotypal
c. psychotic
d. borderline
19. It is possible that teaching children to trust nobody and to be careful all of the time because people
want to hurt you may contribute to the development of which personality disorder?
a. schizoid
b. paranoid
c. schizotypal
d. socially anxious
20. Jennifer is overly sensitive to criticism. She takes offence at the most trivial, real or imagined, slight.
Shes distrustful, easily angers, and holds grudges. She has few friends and is extremely jealous and
possessive of her one boyfriend, whom she is always accusing of "playing around" on her. Which
personality disorder does Jennifer most likely have?
a. antisocial personality disorder
b. schizoid personality disorder
c. paranoid personality disorder
d. narcissistic personality disorder

21. Which of the following is one of the greatest challenges for any therapist treating an individual with
paranoid personality disorder?
a. getting the patient to follow treatment recommendations
b. getting the patient to trust the therapist
c. understanding the patients belief system
d. convincing the patient to talk about his or her beliefs
OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember
22. What are the data regarding treatment outcomes for individuals with paranoid personality disorder?
a. They indicate that cognitive restructuring therapy is effective in most cases.
b. They suggest that treatment can be successful only if the patient remains in therapy for a
minimum of one year.
c. They demonstrate that strict behavioural approaches, which do not require that the patient
become attached to the therapist, are most effective.
d. They indicate no evidence for treatment success.
23. Theo is a loner. He walks to class by himself, does not talk to anyone, and appears indifferent to other
people. It is clear that Theo neither desires nor enjoys closeness with others. He does not act in any
obviously unusual ways nor does he appear to possess strange beliefs about the world. Which
personality disorder does Theo most likely have?
a. schizotypal personality disorder
c. avoidant personality disorder
d. antisocial personality disorder
OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Higher Order
24. Jack has little interest in social relationships and appears distant and aloof. He seldom shows emotion
and seems indifferent to praise and criticism. He is usually wrapped up in abstract ideas and has little
time for, or interest in, people. Which personality disorder does Jack most likely have?
b. avoidant personality disorder
c. schizoid personality disorder
25. James puts on a superficial display of social aloofness. But deep inside, he harbours deep curiosities
about other people, and exquisite sensitivity. He wishes for love that he cannot openly express, and
often expresses his sensitivity in deep feelings and affection for animals rather than people. Which
personality disorder does James most likely have?
d. schizotypal personality disorder

26. An individual who goes through life as a loner with no motivation to interact with others, but with
relatively normal behaviour and beliefs, is likely to be diagnosed with which of the following
personality disorders?
a. schizoid personality disorder
b. paranoid personality disorder
27. What is the cause of schizoid personality disorder?

a. It is social.
b. It is unknown.
c. It is learned in genetically predisposed individuals.
d. It is genetic.
28. Which of the following best describes patients diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder?
a. They are usually indifferent to the idea of changing their behaviour but make more
progress once they become invested in the therapeutic relationship.
b. They are usually highly resistant to begin therapy at first but become more motivated if
they have a trusting relationship with the therapist.
c. They are usually indifferent to the idea of changing their behaviour until they are
convinced of the potential benefits to themselves.
d. They are usually not motivated to begin therapy and generally make little progress while
in therapy.
29. Individuals who are socially isolated, behave in ways that seem unusual, tend to be suspicious, and
have odd beliefs, are generally diagnosed with which of the following personality disorders?
b. schizotypal personality disorder

30. Martin believes he can read people's minds and foretell the future. He often feels as if deceased
relatives are in the room with him. He talks to himself frequently and often speaks to others in a
meandering, vague, although not incoherent manner. He is often unkempt, he believes people are
talking about him, and he tends to be socially aloof. Which personality disorder does Martin most
likely have?
d. multiple personality disorder
31. What specific characteristic do people with paranoid personality disorder share in common with
those who have schizoid personality disorder?
a. dislike of other people
b. irritability
c. sense of being someone special
d. constricted emotional expression
32. Individuals who have ideas of reference but who sense that these beliefs are probably unrealistic are
generally diagnosed with which personality disorder?
a. histrionic personality disorder
b. paranoid personality disorder
33. Which personality disorder shares many similar symptoms with schizophrenia?
a. paranoid personality disorder
c. borderline personality disorder
34. According to your textbook, what is the most likely cause of schizotypal personality disorder?
a. poor parenting
b. isolation during childhood
c. social modelling
d. biological factors

35. A subtle but important difference between the unusual perceptual experiences associated with
schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) versus schizophrenia is apparent in which of the following
examples?
a. People with SPD may have the feeling that someone else is in the room (when there isnt),
whereas people with schizophrenia may strongly believe others are trying to hurt them.
b. People with SPD may have the feeling that someone else is in the room (when there isnt),
whereas people with schizophrenia may strongly believe there is someone else in the room
(when there isnt).
c. People with SPD may think they have telepathic abilities, whereas people with
schizophrenia may hear voices telling them that they are sinful.
d. People with SPD may think they have a sixth sense, whereas people with schizophrenia
may strongly believe they have superhuman powers.
36. It has been estimated that 3050 percent of people with schizotypal personality disorder also meet the
criteria for which of the following?
b. major depressive disorder
c. schizophrenia
d. paranoia
37. To people who know her casually, Liz is charming. But underneath her superficial charm is an
impulsive, self-centred, insensitive, irresponsible person who has little anxiety, and feels no guilt or
remorse when she hurts someone else. She blames others for her problems. While she can appear to be
the nicest person in the world, if you get in her waywatch out! Which personality disorder does Liz
most likely have?
a. paranoid personality disorder
b. antisocial personality disorder
c. schizotypal personality disorder
38. What is the key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

a. criminal behaviour at a very young age
b. impulsivity
c. failure to comply with social norms
d. selfishness

39. Phillipe Pinel (1801) used the term manie sans dlire to describe roughly the same symptoms as in the
DSM-IV-TR disorder known as which of the following?
b. bipolar disorder
c. schizophrenia
40. All of the following are labels that have been used to refer to what is known in the DSM-IV-TR as
antisocial personality disorder EXCEPT which one?
a. egopathy
b. sociopathy
c. idopathy
d. moral insanity
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: LOW REF: 451
41. With respect to the behaviour of suicide, which of the following represents one of Hervey
Cleckleys 16 major characteristics of the psychopathic personality?
a. frequent threats of suicide for attention
b. frequent suicide attempts
c. suicide rarely carried out
d. high risk of (completed) suicide
42. Approximately what percentage of individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder also has
a substance abuse problem?
a. 50 percent
b. 60 percent
c. 70 percent
d. 90 percent
43. Although psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder are both related to criminality, not everyone
with these disorders becomes involved with the legal system. According to one longitudinal study,
what factor most likely separates this group from those who get into trouble with the law?
a. the capacity for empathy
b. early intervention
c. supportive parents
d. IQ

44. Data from long-term follow-up research indicate that many adults with antisocial personality disorder
or psychopathy had which of the following conditions as children?
a. learning disability
b. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
c. conduct disorder
d. autism
45. According to a study of over 300 Canadian sex offenders and non-sex offenders (Porter et al., 2000),
what percentage of sex offenders who had offended against both adults and children were
psychopathic?
a. 19 percent
b. 38 percent
c. 64 percent
d. 97 percent
46. Porter and colleagues (2000) investigated the association between psychopathy and sexual violence in
more than 300 Canadian sex offenders and non-sex offenders. According to their research, sex
offenders scored higher in which personality aspect of psychopathy relative to the non-sex offenders?
a. sadism
b. callousness
c. impulsivity
d. manipulativeness
47. George is a 15-year-old boy who has been repeatedly arrested for theft and assault. In addition to
shoplifting and other theft, he has been caught stealing money from his parents wallets and his young
sisters piggy bank. George demonstrates no guilt or remorse when he harms others. What is Georges
most likely diagnosis?
a. conduct disorder
c. narcissistic personality disorder
d. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
48. According to Carrasco and colleagues (2006), what personality characteristic was most important in
distinguishing between boys who showed a stable pattern of antisocial over time, and those who
eventually outgrew the behaviour?
a. sociotropy
b. psychoneuroticism
c. psychoticism
d. egocentricity

49. Most of the research examining the causes of antisocial personality disorder has been conducted with
which of the following groups?
a. hospital inpatients
b. outpatient volunteers
c. college and university students
d. criminals
50. According to research, what role does Genetics play in the cause of antisocial personality disorder?
a. Genetic factors account for at least 90 percent of criminal behaviour.
b. Genetic factors may cause criminal behaviour even in the absence of negative
environmental influences.
c. There is no evidence of a genetic cause.
d. Genetic factors may contribute to criminal behaviour only in the presence of certain
environmental factors.
51. Which of the following pairs include the two major neurobiological theories that have received a great
deal of attention in the area of psychopathy?
a. Yerkes-Dodson and lack of shame
b. underarousal and fearlessness
c. underarousal and lack of shame
d. cortical immaturity and underarousal
52. What does the presence of low frequency theta waves in the brains of psychopaths lead to?
a. under arousal
b. cortical-immaturity
c. shamelessness
d. fearlessness
53. According to the underarousal hypothesis, why do psychopaths engage in their characteristic
behaviours?
a. to provide a sense of relief from the feelings of depression that they experience when they
are not highly aroused
b. to reduce the generally high level of arousal that they feel
c. to deal with their anger
d. to provide a level of stimulation that most of us receive from more typical behaviours

54. What is the basic assumption of the fearlessness hypothesis of psychopathy?
a. Individuals with this disorder have an underactive cortex.
b. Individuals with this disorder learn to avoid punishment.
c. Individuals with this disorder underreact to the threat of punishment.
d. Individuals with this disorder have brain damage that inhibits their ability to understand
the implications of their actions.
55. One prominent theory of psychopathy suggests that the behaviours are caused by an imbalance
between which of the following?
a. the brains behavioural inhibition system and reward system
b. the brains fight/flight system and reward system
c. the brains cortical stimulation system and reward system
d. the brains behavioural inhibition system and fight/flight system
56. What does research indicate regarding psychopaths and their goal setting patterns?
a. Individuals with this disorder are less likely to be motivated toward a goal.
b. Individuals with this disorder are more likely to keep trying even though the goal is
probably unattainable.
c. Individuals with this disorder are less likely to attempt difficult goals.
d. Individuals with this disorder are more likely to quit trying as soon as failure appears
imminent.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MOD REF: 456-457
57. One of the contributing factors in the developmental history of individuals with antisocial personality
disorder or psychopathy appears to be that their parents were more likely to have utilized which of the
following?
a. an overly permissive parenting style
b. overly firm discipline
c. physical discipline
d. inconsistent discipline
58. All of the following have been associated with the development of antisocial personality disorder
EXCEPT which one?
a. genetics
b. severe stress such as military combat
c. fearlessness
d. overarousal of the cortex

59. After the age of 40, what tends to happen to the criminal behaviour of psychopaths?
a. It tends to decrease.
b. It tends to increase in frequency but decrease in severity.
c. It tends to decrease in frequency but increase in severity.
d. It tends to increase.
60. What is involved in the most common treatment strategy for children at risk for antisocial personality
disorder?
a. medication and intensive psychotherapy
b. placing them in supervised foster homes
c. behavioural modification
d. parent training
61. How effective is the treatment of antisocial personality disorder and the related antisocial behaviours?
a. Therapy is successful in about half of the cases treated.
b. There has been greater success in reducing antisocial behaviour in children than in adults.
c. Patients are generally unwilling participants in therapy at first, but they often come to
recognize that they have much to gain by changing their behaviour.
d. There has been greater success in reducing antisocial behaviour in adults than in children.
62. Which personality disorder is characterized by extreme instability in behaviour and emotion,
impulsivity, depression, and self-injurious behaviours?
b. borderline personality disorder
c. dependent personality disorder
d. histrionic personality disorder
63. Nick has difficulty maintaining relationships because he goes back and forth from being a best friend
to hating people in his life quite often. His romantic relationships are always characterized by
incredible loving passion, alternating with episodes of horrible fighting. Sometimes he becomes
violent. At times, Nick becomes so upset that he cuts himself and reports that this makes him feel
better emotionally. Which personality disorder does he most likely have?
b. dependent personality disorder
d. borderline personality disorder

64. All of the following are disorders that often coexist with borderline personality disorder EXCEPT
which one?
a. substance abuse
b. depression
c. panic disorder
d. bulimia
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MOD REF: 459-460
65. Approximately 70 percent of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder also have
which of the following?
a. bipolar disorder
b. at least one substance use disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder
d. an eating disorder
66. All of the following have been identified as potential influences on the development of borderline
personality disorder EXCEPT which one?
a. parental neglect
b. genetics
c. child physical abuse
d. child sexual abuse
67. Why might labelling childhood trauma as a cause of borderline personality disorder be too simplistic
an explanation?
a. A significant percentage of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder do
not have a history of childhood trauma.
b. Childhood traumas occur frequently and dont always create any disorders.
c. Individuals with borderline personality disorder tend to respond to SSRI medications.
d. There are too many neurological deficits that are noted in borderline personality disorder
patients.
68. What is the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and borderline personality
disorder?
a. Although early trauma may play a small role in the development of borderline personality
disorder, it is likely that biological factors play the major role.
b. Neither sexual nor physical abuse appears to be necessary or sufficient to produce the
syndrome.
c. Early trauma is indirectly related to the disorder in that all cases of borderline personality
disorder resemble post-traumatic stress disorder.
d. Because early abuse is linked to a number of disorders in addition to borderline
personality disorder, it is unlikely that it is causally related to any specific disorder.

69. Recently, Janice was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Her therapist told her that many
people with this disorder respond well to a variety of medications. What medications are these?
a. antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs
b. anti-anxiety drugs
c. atypical antipsychotics and lithium
d. anti-anxiety drugs and lithium
70. What does the psychological treatment that has been found to be most effective in helping patients
with borderline personality disorder involve?
a. learning to cope with life stressors in a more effective manner
b. regressing patients to the time in their lives when they experienced trauma
c. removing the reinforcing attention that they have received for their disordered behaviour
in the past
d. changing maladaptive attitudes about the patient himself or herself, and others
71. Links and Stockwell (2001) identify all of the following as subtypes of borderline personality patients
EXCEPT which one?
a. impulsive subtype
b. identity disturbance subtype
c. affective cluster
d. self-harming subtype
72. According to Links and Stockwell (2001), couples therapy can be very beneficial for those borderline
personality patients who are in a relationship, with the EXCEPTION of which of the following?
a. those with the identity disturbance subtype of the disorder
b. those with the impulsive subtype of the disorder
c. those who have comorbid substance use disorders
d. those who have a history of violent interpersonal behaviour
73. Individuals who overreact to everything, are overly dramatic and vain, and seek reassurance and
approval constantly are most likely to be diagnosed with which personality disorder?
a. narcissistic personality disorder
b. histrionic personality disorder
c. antisocial personality disorder

74. Amy quickly becomes the centre of attention when she enters a room. She is a tall and attractive young
woman who generally wears something striking. Amy is known as a flirt and acts in a seductive
manner around men. When Amy speaks, she uses exaggerated terms, even when describing relatively
ordinary situations. What is Amys most likely diagnosis?
c. borderline personality disorder
75. Shauna shows excessive emotionality; has an excessive need for praise, reassurance, and approval; and
constantly needs to be the centre of attention. Which personality disorder does Shauna most likely
have?
a. narcissistic personality disorder
c. histrionic personality disorder
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: LOW REF: 463
76. Kelly is a born actress. She is always the centre of attention. She is highly dramatic, overemotional,
self-centred, spoiled, and inconsiderate of her friends. While she can appear charming and is often
flirtatious and seductive, she has never had a truly intimate relationship. She has poor self-esteem and
tries to impress others as a means of improving her own self-worth. Which personality disorder does
Kelly most likely have?
b. narcissistic personality disorder
c. dependent personality disorder
77. There appears to be a relationship between two personality disorders, with some evidence that each
may be gender-typed, alternative ways of expressing the same underlying condition. What are these
two disorders?
a. histrionic and antisocial personality disorders
b. borderline and histrionic personality disorders
c. antisocial and borderline personality disorders
d. histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders
78. How effective is the treatment of histrionic personality disorder?

a. Strict behavioural programs have been shown to be effective in controlled research.
b. There are no well-controlled studies demonstrating success.
c. Cognitive therapy is most effective.
d. Patients who voluntarily attend therapy tend to get better.

79. What is one of the problems encountered when trying to change the behaviour of an individual with
histrionic personality disorder?
a. Patients with this disorder generally do not have the intellectual abilities to change despite
their desire to do so.
b. The patient does not want to change.
c. The maladaptive behaviour generally results in short-term benefits despite long-term costs.
d. The maladaptive behaviour is genetically determined.
80. What is the primary characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?

a. thinking of oneself as deserving of special treatment
b. exaggerated emotions and seductive behaviour
c. a constant need for reassurance and approval
d. impulsivity
81. Why are individuals with narcissistic personality disorder most likely to become depressed?
a. because they seldom live up to their unrealistic expectations of themselves
b. because they are involved in an endless search for the ideal person who will meet their
unfulfilled empathic needs
c. because they feel that others dont understand and appreciate them
d. because they become upset when their intimate relationships fail
82. Although narcissistic personality disorder and psychopathy are quite different, it has been found that
individuals with either of these disorders share elevated scores on a trait on the five-factor model of
personality. What is the trait?
a. disagreeableness
b. openness to experience
c. extroversion
d. irresponsibility
83. Steven loves to brag. While he is not overly dramatic or flirtatious, he enjoys being the centre of
attention. He is self-absorbed and lacks empathy for others. He is successful in his career and very
proud of his accomplishments. Steven just wishes others would appreciation how wonderful he thinks
he is. He is preoccupied with fantasies of future success, and power. Which personality disorder does
Steven most likely have?
b. histrionic personality disorder

84. Paulhus and Williams (2002) administered measures of psychopathy, narcissism, and the five-factor
model of personality to university students. What did they find?
a. The two disorders are virtually identical constructs.
b. The two disorders are overlapping but distinct constructs.
c. Both disorders share a hypersensitivity to criticism.
d. Both disorders were associated with elevated scores on the neuroticism scale.
85. All of the following are mentioned in your textbook as appropriate treatment strategies for narcissistic
personality disorder EXCEPT which one?
a. coping strategies to help accept criticism
b. cognitive therapy to replace grandiose fantasies with more realistic goals
c. being helped to focus on the feelings of others
d. coping strategies for the stressful life events that seem to trigger insecurity in the patient
86. Why do individuals with avoidant personality disorder avoid most relationships?
a. They are simply not interested in social interaction.
b. They are extremely sensitive to the opinions of others and fear rejection.
c. They lack normal social skills and are generally rejected by others.
d. They experience debilitating anxiety at the thought of embarrassing themselves in front of
others.
87. Which of the following disorders, according to Lasch has been increasing in frequency due to the
significant cultural changes?
a. narcissistic
b. antisocial
c. histrionic
d. dependent
88. Jamie keeps to himself because he is anxious and fearful of rejection. Which personality disorder is he
most likely to be diagnosed with?
a. avoidant personality disorder
d. dependent personality disorder

89. When asked about their childhood, how do individuals diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder
tend to remember their parents?
a. as warm and loving
b. as depressed
c. as rejecting
d. as harsh and physically abusive
90. How effective is the treatment of avoidant personality disorder?

a. Individuals with this disorder are seldom sufficiently motivated to succeed in treatment.
b. There are well-controlled studies, though none show any treatment success.
c. No well-controlled studies of treatment outcomes have been conducted.
d. Behavioural intervention programs for anxiety and social skills have had some success.
91. In Jills psychotherapy sessions, her therapist has been using systematic desensitization to gradually
make her more comfortable with social situations. The therapist has given Jill homework assignments
that require her to practise talking to strangers, join informal groups, and speak in front of small
groups. Which personality disorder is Jill most likely being treated for?
d. dependent personality disorder
92. In terms of feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and need for reassurance, individuals with
which of the following personality disorders are quite similar?
a. narcissistic and paranoid personality disorders
b. dependent and schizoid personality disorders
c. dependent and avoidant personality disorders
d. schizoid and avoidant personality disorders
93. Clark and colleagues (1997) found that patients with one personality disorder also tend to obtain high
scores on measures of sociotropy. What was the personality disorder?
a. borderline personality disorder

94. Individuals with avoidant personality disorder usually respond to certain feelings by avoiding
relationships; those with dependent personality disorder respond to the same feelings by clinging to
relationships. Which of the following best describes those feelings?
a. depression
b. self-consciousness
c. anxiety
d. inadequacy
95. Alice wants to be involved with people. She loves people and has strong needs for affection and
acceptance. But her fears of rejection and public embarrassment prevent her from reaching out to those
around her. Instead, she sticks to her routine and refuses to take any risks or try anything new. Which
personality disorder is Alice most likely suffering from?
d. paranoid personality disorder
96. How effective is the treatment of dependent personality disorder?

a. It is generally successful with a cognitive-behavioural approach.
b. It is successful when based on systematic desensitization and social skills training.
c. It is well researched, though no effective treatments have been established.
d. It is not well researched.
97. How do individuals with dependent personality disorder respond to therapy?

a. They are flirtatious and seductive.
b. They are too unstable to do the intellectual work that therapy requires.
c. They are seemingly model patients.
d. They are resistant to the therapeutic process.
98. When working with a patient diagnosed with dependent personality disorder, what must the therapist
be particularly careful about?
a. that the patient does not behave seductively toward the therapist
b. that the patient does not avoid attending sessions
c. that the patient does not rely on the therapist for decision making
d. that the patient does not manipulate the therapist with flattery

99. Ferreira (2000) noted that the psychological profiles of two particular groups of people show the
characteristics of the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. What are these two groups?
a. male engineering university students and serial killers
b. serial killers and gifted children
c. movie stars and serial killers
d. CEOs of large companies and gifted children
100. What is a major difference between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and
those with obsessive-compulsive disorder?
a. Patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder generally do not have obsessive
thoughts and compulsive behaviours.
b. Patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder generally show more compulsive
and ritualistic behaviours.
c. Patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder generally have more obsessive
thoughts.
d. Patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder generally have multiple
diagnoses.
101. One of the major differences between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and
those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is that the behaviours of patients with OCD are
generally motivated by which of the following?
a. compulsions
b. modelled behaviour
c. anxiety
d. achievement-related fears
102. One unusual finding discussed in your textbook is that a personality disorder may have played a role in
the behaviour of several serial killers. Which personality disorder is it?
b. narcissistic personality disorder
c. schizotypal personality disorder
d. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
103. Research by Ferguson and Rodway (1994) indicates that a certain therapy can be effective in treating
one important aspect of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. What is the therapy and what
aspect of the disorder is it for?
a. interpersonal therapy for dysfunctional relationships
b. humanistic therapy for an underlying feelings of inadequacy
c. psychoanalytic therapy for an obsessive need for cleanliness
d. cognitive therapy for perfectionism

104. According to your textbook, what role do genetics play s in the development of obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder?
a. it is non-existent
b. it is dependent upon the specific pattern of symptoms displayed
c. it is weak
d. it is strong
105. What do depressive personality disorder and negativistic personality disorder refer to?
a. personality disorders that were recognized in prior editions of the DSM that are now
subsumed under other DSM categories
b. newly discovered personality disorders that will be recognized in the next edition of the
DSM
c. proposed personality disorders that are currently being studied for possible future
inclusion in the DSM
d. Cluster D personality disorders in the DSM-IV-TR
106. To create a new category of personality disorders for the DSM, researchers must show evidence for all
of the following EXCEPT which one?
a. It relates to a pervasive pattern of behaviour.
b. It is distinct from an existing category.
c. It is not a subtype of an existing category.
d. It has never been observed before.
ESSAY
1. What is the difference between the types of disorders that are listed on Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR and
the personality disorders that are listed on Axis II? Why is there more disagreement in the mental
health profession regarding the categorization of personality disorders than for the classification of
most Axis I disorders?
ANS:
Student responses will vary.
PTS: 1 REF: 439-440 OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember
2. Identify the three clusters of DSM-IV-TR personality disorders and provide an example of one
personality disorder that belongs to each cluster. How would you characterize each cluster?
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: 440 OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember

3. Explain the reasons that the prognosis for patients treated for personality disorders is generally less
optimistic than the prognosis for patients treated for many Axis I disorders. Select any personality
disorder and describe a treatment strategy that has had some evidence of success.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: 442-444 OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember
4. Explain what differentiates individuals with schizotypal personality disorder from those with
schizophrenia. What are the similarities observed for individuals diagnosed with schizotypal
personality disorder and those with schizophrenia?
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: 448-449 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember
5. Describe the basic features of antisocial personality disorder. Why is psychotherapy with this
population so likely to fail?
ANS:
6. Describe some factors that might influence the development of antisocial personality disorder. What
childhood behaviours/diagnoses have been observed in the histories of individuals who later developed
antisocial personality disorder? Describe a typical intervention strategy designed to prevent at risk
youth from developing antisocial personality disorder.
ANS:
7. Compare and contrast the behaviours, thoughts, and motivations of an individual with avoidant
personality disorder versus someone with schizoid personality disorder. Make sure to note similarities
and differences.
ANS:
8. One might say that the thoughts of avoidant and dependent personality disorders are similar but the
behaviours are not. We could further note that the behaviours of avoidant and schizoid personality
disorders are similar but the thoughts are not. Explain these two statements.
ANS:

9. Explain why we might we see a marriage between a man with narcissistic personality disorder and a
woman with dependent personality disorder. Assume that the woman enters therapy and successfully
becomes more independent. Speculate how her narcissistic husband might react to her improvement
and growing independence.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: 464-465 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember|Higher Order
10. Describe the similarities and differences between individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality
disorder and individuals diagnosed with the anxiety disorder called obsessive-compulsive disorder.
ANS:

C12 TB Barlow3Ce

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

C12 TB Barlow3Ce

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Chapter 12: Personality Disorders

3. Why are personality disorders coded on Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR?

4. Unlike schizophrenia or an eating disorder, how can personality disorders be viewed?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

27. What is the cause of schizoid personality disorder?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

38. What is the key characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

78. How effective is the treatment of histrionic personality disorder?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

80. What is the primary characteristic of narcissistic personality disorder?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

90. How effective is the treatment of avoidant personality disorder?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

96. How effective is the treatment of dependent personality disorder?

97. How do individuals with dependent personality disorder respond to therapy?

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

PTS: 1 REF: 439-440 OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember

PTS: 1 REF: 440 OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

PTS: 1 REF: 442-444 OBJ: 2 BLM: Remember

PTS: 1 REF: 448-449 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember

PTS: 1 REF: 450-458 OBJ: 1-3 BLM: Remember

PTS: 1 REF: 456-457 OBJ: 1-2 BLM: Remember

PTS: 1 REF: 466-467 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember

PTS: 1 REF: 466-467 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

PTS: 1 REF: 464-465 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember|Higher Order

PTS: 1 REF: 469-470 OBJ: 2-3 BLM: Remember

Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi