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Objective: To assess the PERCEPTION & ATTITIDE of mental illness among general
population OF KARACHI
Result: knowledge mental illness among general public was quite poor and suggests the need
for strong emphasis on public education to increase mental health literacy.
Conclusion: an increase in mental health literacy in the population may assist prevention,
early intervention, and support of others in the community.
Stigma has been described as "a cluster of negative attitudes and beliefs that motivate the general
public to fear, reject, avoid, and discriminate against people with mental illnesses" . When stigma
leads to social exclusion or discrimination, whether from mental illness or some other condition,
it results in unequal access to resources that all people need to function well, adversely affecting
quality of life
This report examines individual attitudes toward mental illness to highlight subgroups that might
benefit from educational programs and services.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample size of 400 people,
SAMPLE WAS TAKEN THROUGH NON- PROBABILITY PURPOSIVE METHOD,
Sample was taken from ALL FIVE DISTRICTS OF KARACHI AND people of
DIFFERENT WALKS OF LIFE E;G, medical students ,engineering students,
school students, drivers. The study was conducted within a period of 08
months FROM MARCH TO OCTOBER 2014, Pilot study was conducted to
assess the VALIDITY of questionnaire, A STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE WAS
distributed and got filled. SPSS version 16 was used for data entry and
analysis with 95% confidence interval MARGIN OF ERROR 5% AND P-VALUE
0.05 AS STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT.
Result:
Out of 400 PARTICIPANTS, 67% (PUT P-VALUES) of the people believed
that mentally ill people were harmful which agreement to medical
viewpoint. 89% of the people believed that mental illness could affect
relationship between patient and family. This however is true as people
try to refrain from them.72.5% of the people believe that our society
does not accept mentally ill people. This is due to general perception
that these people can cause harm to humans and their assets. 87.5% of
the people believe that mentally ill people need help from their family
and acquaintances. Receiving love and affection from people closer to
heart helps in early recovery.88% of the people believe that mental
health is important for a healthy perfect life. 84% people believe that
the negative attitude of society or family will hinder the recovery of
mentally ill persons.
WRITE IN PAST TENSE
This baseline survey has shown that there is a high level of contact with people with mental
health problems which may reflect a high prevalence of disorder, poor services or the
community's acceptance of mentally ill people, or a combination of all three, and warrants
further investigation.[1]
Social perceptions of mental health problems are dominated by negative stereotypes. [2]
Attitudes and beliefs concerning mental health are influenced by a lack of knowledge as well as a
mix of traditional and modern views. [3] People with mental health problems might be seen
solely in terms of their health problems, regardless of their overall contribution to society, and
may be seen as incompetent and dependent on others. [2] The finding that people with low
education levels had a more positive attitude towards mental illnesses than did respondents with
higher education levels is in contradiction with many studies suggesting that positive attitudes
towards mental patients are related to higher education levels. Thus, more knowledge of mental
illnesses seems to decrease the willingness to engage in social relationships with mentally ill
people. [3]
Attitudes towards mental illness are very mixed, with large proportions of the population holding
stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness in relation to treatment, work, marriage
and recovery. The majority put the blame on the afflicted individual, avoided contact with them
and would not openly discuss their own psychological problems. [1] Individuals with mental
health problems have much lower rates of employment than the general population, despite their
willingness to work. This may be due to the greater levels of stigma and prejudice they face. [2]
On the other hand, the population did have a fairly reasonable understanding of the etiology of
mental illness, citing genetic factors, negative life events, brain disease and substance abuse as
key causes although evil spirits were also viewed as major factors., Understanding of the nature
of mental illness, its implications for social participation and management remains negative in
general. However the majority accept patients' rights and the view that patients can be managed
outside hospital, admit that the services at the PHC level are poor and would welcome
developing such services. Social distance was associated with higher educational level, wanting
to hide a mental illness problem from the family and not wanting to allow a person with mental
illness to take their own decisions. [1]
REFERENCES:
[2]: Countering the stigmatization and discrimination of people with mental health problems in
Europe. by David McDaid.
Lia van der Ham,corresponding author1 Pamela Wright,2 Thang Vo Van,3 Vuong D. K.
Doan,3 and Jacqueline E. W. Broerse1
Conclusion:
After conducting a thorough research on perception and awareness on
mental health it is concluded that general public is highly aware of pros and
cons of the disease. They are also aware about medical treatment,
behavioral therapy and cognitive support to be given to the mentally ill
patients. It is however established that general public understanding about
the disease is in-line with medical sciences standpoint.
References;
1) http://mhaustralia.org/our-work/changing-perceptions-about-mental-illness
2)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1600-
0447.2003.00150.x/abstract;jsessionid=B65E2356853302ABFC6B4FD4BE8AA426.f0
1t04?
systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+the+18th+Octobe
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upgrades+to+improve+our+services+to+you&userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedA
ccessCustomisedMessage=
3)) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00699.x/abstract?
systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+the+18th+October+from+10%3A00+BST+
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+to+you&userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=
4)4) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s001270050204#page-1
5) http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=86175
6) http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2136945?uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104334216411
7) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01661.x/abstract?
systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+the+18th+October+from+10%3
A00+BST+%2805%3A00+EDT
%29+for+essential+maintenance+for+approximately+two+hours+as+we+make+upgrades+to
+improve+our+services+to+you&userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage
=
8) http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-r-recons-toc~mental-pubs-r-
recons-2~mental-pubs-r-recons-23~mental-pubs-r-recons-231
9) http://www.industrialpsychiatry.org/article.asp?issn=0972-
6748;year=2009;volume=18;issue=2;spage=92;epage=96;aulast=Mahto
10) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/4/3
11) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:COMH.0000026999.87728.2d#page-1
12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1489832/
13) http://www.schres-journal.com/article/S0920-9964(03)00186-5/abstract?cc=y
14) http://www.europsy-journal.com/article/S0924-9338(05)00090-8/abstract
15) http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2657432?uid=2&uid=4&sid=21104334216411(labeling
16) http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/ort/68/2/321/
17) http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/47/4/511/
18) http://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=O-
yxsKnOzr0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=perception+about+mentally+ill+people&ots=b_yeSfGMRH&sig=JtjD9hr0GX4NYy8XNfLE
IcAbKg8#v=onepage&q=perception%20about%20mentally%20ill%20people&f=false
19) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-007-0213-0#page-1
20) http://ontario.cmha.ca/files/2012/07/olm_stigma_matters_200902.pdf
21) http://psychcentral.com/archives/violence.htm
22) http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/01612849409006914
23) http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/szb/15/1/131/
24) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953697001615
25) http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/prj/19/4/67/
26)http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental_health_disorders/overview_of_mental_health_care/mental_illness_in_socie
ty.html
27) http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2004-19091-003/
28) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-004-0772-2#page-1
29) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-005-0903-4#page-1
30) http://ontario.cmha.ca/files/2012/07/mass_media.pdf
QUESTIONNAIRE:
a) Yes
b) No
a)Yes
b)No
C)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
Q#4: Do you know if somebody is aggressive and by taking a tablet calms down?
a)YES
b)No
c)DNK
Q#5: Do you know somebody who can be easily irritated and get abusive?
a)Yes.
b)No
c) DNK
a) Yes.
b) No.
c)DNK
Q#7: Do you think Moulvi,peer, Faqir and other people in shrine can treat these
patients?
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
Q#10: Do you think mental illness CAN effects relationship between patients and
family members?
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
a) Yes.
b) No
c)DNK
Q#12: Do you think these people be locked at HOME/HOSPITAL until they recovered?
a) Yes
b) No
c) DNK
Q#13: Do you think marriage can treat the mental illness?
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c) DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c) DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
a) Yes
b)No
c)DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
Q#22: Do you think mental health is important for healthy perfect life?
a)Yes.
b)No
c)DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c) DNK
a) Yes
b) No
b) No
C)DNK
a) Yes
b) No
c)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
a)Yes
b)No
c)DNK
GANTTS chart;
REWRITE NOW
Letter of recommendation:
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