POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

LAND SURVEY DIVISION
Jalan Raja Musa Mahadi, 31400, Ipoh, Perak D.R
Tel:05-5457656/5457622

COURSE : HYDROGRAPIC SURVEY

QUIZ / TEST/ASSIG : UNITS : 3
10
NAME : CLASS : 6B
REG. NO : DATE :

Please choice one question above, the essays must be written not more than 1000 words.

Question 1
What is the principle of operation of echo sounder?

Question 2
What are the echo-sounder errors and how to calibrate the echo sounder?

Question 3
How echo sounders used in sailing and deep-sea fishing industry?

Question 4
Explain the matters bellow;
i. Sub Bottom Profiling
ii. Stream Gauging
iii. Current Meter

Question 1
Course Lecturer: Check By Head Of The
Field:
The principle of operation of echo sounder.

Echo-sounders transmit a pulse of acoustic energy down towards the seabed and measure the total time
taken for it to travel through the water, i.e. the outwards and return journey. If the measured time is one
second and it is known that the speed of acoustic waves is 1500 m/s, the depth is obviously (1500 x 1)/2
metres = 750 m.

By using a recorder with slowly moving paper to display the time of transmission and then the echoes as
they return, a past history of the depth and of the sea bed topography is built up. If the system is
sufficiently sensitive it will also display the echoes from fish, but this gives merely an indication of their
relative abundance. Instruments capable of making quantitative acoustic measurements are needed,
together with methods of turning these into figures of the absolute fish abundance. To do this, echo-
sounders with precise characteristics have evolved. Their signals are coupled to a specially developed
instrument, the echo-integrator, which selects and processes them in various ways. In this section we first
consider the echo-sounder.

Acoustic depth measurement

Course Lecturer: Check By Head Of The Field: