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Prudent Speculator Established in March 1977 85 Argonaut, Suite 220 Aliso Viejo, California 92656 877.817.4394
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Nothing like a plethora of front-page mainstream to expectations. Yes, the first estimate of Q4 U.S. GDP
newspaper stories on Saturday trumpeting the Dow Jones growth came in at -0.1% due mainly to lower military
Industrial Average closing above 14,000 for the first time spending, but business and consumer spending was rela-
since 2007 to put the kibosh, at least tem- tively strong and most expect the headline
porarily, on the 2013 rally. To be fair, sizable The investors chief number to be revised upward, while the
jumps in bond yields in Italy and Spain, report was overshadowed by several other
due to renewed political pressures in those problemand even favorable economic data points.
two countries, and a big drop in the euro For example, just in the last week, we
that sent European bourses skidding were his worst enemyis learned that home prices jumped 5.5%
the primary catalysts for the downturn on in November and that orders for durable
Wall Street. And after an impressive end likely to be himself. goods rose 4.6% in December. And that was
to 2012 and a stellar start to 2013, we cant all before Fridays slew of numbers that
say that U.S. stocks were not overdue for a Benjamin Graham saw auto sales soar by 14.2% last month,
bout of profit-taking. a crucial manufacturing gauge climb to
Certainly, our optimistic long-term view is not dimin- the best reading since April, the University of Michigans
ished in the least by an inevitable pullback, especially as Consumer Sentiment index nudge up to 73.8 in January
fourth quarter corporate earnings reports have been a bit from 72.9 the month prior and construction spending in-
stronger than expected. Bloomberg reports that with 268 crease by 0.9% in December. Also, the hotly anticipated
of the S&P 500 companies having now announced results, monthly labor department report proved to be a positive,
68.3% have posted positive Q4 earnings surprises, while despite a bump up in the unemployment rate to 7.9%, as
20.9% have trailed forecasts. Meanwhile, Standard & employers added 157,000 jobs during January, while pay-
Poors now projects that operating earnings for the S&P rolls for November and December were revised sharply
500 will rise to $111.51 in 2013, up from $97.50 in 2012, higher to 247,000 and 196,000, respectively.
while corporate balance sheets remain flush with cash. Despite our enthusiasm for stocks, we have to admit to
True, the handsome gains in equities over the last 13 being a tad concerned by the cover of this weekends Bar-
months have reduced the level of undervaluation, but we rons Magazine. The publication reminded, We told you
do not find the current P/E ratio of 15 times trailing earn- so in October, (not sure perpetually bearish lead Barrons
ings on the S&P 500 to be excessive, given the record-low columnist Alan Abelson would agree) and alerted, Get
interest rate environment. A yield today on the 10-year Ready for a Record on the Dow. On the other hand, it was
U.S. Treasury of 1.96% doesnt provide much competition, nice to read in todays Wall Street Journal that of the 1800
in our view, for a broadly diversified portfolio of underval- readers who responded since last August with their asset
ued stocks (happily, we do not have to own the S&P 500) allocation mixes the average exposure to U.S. stocks was
that yields over 2% and provides a hedge against inflation. just 8%, versus 16% for bonds and cash, 32% for foreign
Whats more, the fact that the recent backup in interest stocks and 44% for alternatives. Investors may say they
rates has caused some modest pain for bond market par- are more excited about stocks, but we hardly see a sea
ticipants is a good sign in the battle for investment dol- change in what they are actually doing with their money!
lars. January saw substantial inflows into equity funds
(the best four-week span since 1996), after five years of net
outflows, but there is still a mountain of money in bonds,
some of which could eventually make its way into stocks.
We have also been encouraged that domestic econom- Chief Investment Officer
ic statistics generally have been upbeat, at least relative Al Frank Asset Management (AFAM)
AFAM also offers wealth management services. To learn more, contact 888.994.6837 and visit alfrank.com
Graphic Detail
Keeping the Faith
DIVIDENDS & RETURNS SINCE 1927 MARKET CAPS & RETURNS SINCE 1927
Illustrating the value of dividends, the higher the yield, the better Showing the power of value investing, Large-Value stocks have
the long-term return. overcome the propensity for Small-Caps to outperform.
10k
1k
1k
100
100
1 1
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 10
Indexed to 100 on 06.30.27. Through 12.31.12. Logarithmic scale. SOURCE: Al Frank using data from Professors Indexed to 100 on 06.30.27. Through 12.31.12. Logarithmic scale. SOURCE: Al Frank using data from Professors
Kenneth R. French and Eugene F. Fama Kenneth R. French and Eugene F. Fama
Graphic Detail continued
Our own real-world experience and number crunching bargains reside, but given the dramatic outperformance
confirm the Fama-French conclusions, but we did think of small- and mid-cap stocks since the start of the Millen-
it well worth our while to explore equity market returns nium, weve been favoring larger-cap names, a stance that
over the past 20 years (it is not so easy to find accurate his- we think is very much supported by valuation and risk
torical data) based on the combination of Market Caps and metrics. Still, the findings of our latest study make the
Dividends, especially as we know that Small-Cap stocks case that building out a portfolio of smaller-capitalization
have outperformed over the long term. We have always dividend-paying stocks for those willing to accept greater
been equal opportunity stock pickers, free to go where the volatility might be an endeavor worth undertaking!
MARKET CAPS & DIVIDENDS SINCE 1992 DIVIDENDS & VOLATILITY SINCE 1992
Our analysis of the Russell 1000 (Large) and Russell 2000 (Small) ...while the standard deviations (volatility) suggest that intrepid
over the past 20 years argues that dividends are the way to go... investors can indeed find higher returns with lower risk.
Small Non-Payers
3,162 13.7% Small Payers 40%
Small Payers
12.1% All Payers
Hypothetical $100 invested on 06.30.92
Large Non-Payers
10.5% Large Payers
35% Large Payers
9.6% Large Non-Payers
1,000 8.9% All Stocks
15%
100
10%
1 5%
95 00 05 10 95 00 05 10
From 06.30.92 through 12.31.12. Equal weighted returns. Logarithmic scale. SOURCE: Al Frank using data from
Thomson Reuters From 06.30.92 through 12.31.12. SOURCE: Al Frank using data from data from Bloomberg and Thomson Reuters
MARKET CAPS & RETURNS SINCE 1999 MARKET CAPS & VALUATIONS
The Lost Decade for large-caps (S&P 500) turned out to be just fine ...so bargains are now more plentiful among big companies and
for small- (S&P 600) and mid-caps (S&P 400)... stock picking is even more vital for those who like smaller stocks.
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Indexed to 100 on 12.31.99. Through 12.31.12. SOURCE: Al Frank using data from Bloomberg Calendar year 2013 estimates. SOURCE: Al Frank via Standard & Poors Indices
Recommended Stocks
Banks BBT BB&T 30.28 42.45 11.0 nmf 1.8 nmf nmf 3.0% 21,188
KEY KeyCorp 9.40 14.65 10.7 nmf 1.0 nmf nmf 2.1% 8,702
NYCB NY Community Bancorp 13.35 16.66 11.7 nmf 1.8 nmf nmf 7.5% 5,862
PNC PNC Financial Services 61.80 95.11 10.6 nmf 1.3 nmf nmf 2.6% 32,630
WFC Wells Fargo & Co 34.83 50.09 10.3 nmf 1.6 nmf nmf 2.9% 183,425
Capital Goods GD General Dynamics 66.30 95.86 10.1 0.7 nmf 17.2 nmf 3.1% 23,449
URS URS 41.48 70.01 9.7 0.3 nmf 6.8 nmf 1.9% 3,188
Commercial Services WM Waste Management 36.38 45.34 17.0 1.2 nmf 8.1 nmf 3.9% 16,877
Consumer Dur & App HAS Hasbro 37.37 47.87 14.0 1.2 7.8 8.1 226% 3.9% 4,855
Energy APA Apache 83.76 153.27 8.2 1.9 1.2 3.7 24% 0.8% 32,774
BHI Baker Hughes 44.72 73.42 13.9 0.9 1.8 6.5 36% 1.3% 19,661
DO Diamond Offshore Drilling 75.09 94.28 15.2 3.5 2.3 8.1 33% 4.7% 10,440
RDS/A Royal Dutch Shell PLC 70.52 110.99 6.7 0.4 0.9 4.9 17% 4.1% 222,346
TOT Total SA 54.29 84.03 7.5 0.5 1.6 3.4 38% 4.8% 128,446
Food & Staples Retailing NAFC Nash Finch Co 20.77 30.17 8.1 0.1 1.0 5.3 114% 3.5% 255
Food Bev & Tobacco ADM Archer-Daniels-Midland Co 28.53 48.17 13.1 0.2 1.1 10.3 37% 2.5% 18,789
Health Care Equip/Srvcs AET Aetna 48.23 79.80 9.3 0.5 4.2 4.8 104% 1.7% 16,133
CAH Cardinal Health 43.81 63.60 13.3 0.1 8.1 6.9 131% 2.5% 14,886
Insurance PRU Prudential Financial 57.88 95.13 9.0 nmf 0.7 nmf 66% 2.8% 26,972
Materials FCX Freeport-McMoRan 35.25 61.96 11.1 1.9 1.9 5.4 20% 3.5% 33,463
NEM Newmont Mining 42.96 78.41 11.4 2.1 1.6 6.6 28% 3.3% 21,400
Pharma/Biotech/Life Sci TMO Thermo Fisher Scientific 72.14 103.62 15.3 2.1 nmf 13.0 nmf 0.8% 25,986
Retailing KSS Kohls 46.29 76.20 10.6 0.6 1.7 5.2 68% 2.8% 10,647
SPLS Staples 13.49 23.45 10.0 0.4 3.5 5.0 61% 3.3% 9,087
Semis & Cap Equipment INTC Intel 21.04 29.60 9.4 2.0 3.0 4.2 37% 4.3% 104,695
MCHP Microchip Technology 33.45 41.11 20.4 4.6 5.9 13.8 32% 4.2% 6,510
NVDA NVIDIA 12.26 19.10 14.8 1.9 2.0 5.3 1% 2.4% 7,661
Software & Services ATVI Activision Blizzard 11.40 18.10 12.0 2.8 4.1 6.7 0% 1.6% 12,685
CA CA 24.82 35.99 10.9 2.4 nmf 5.5 nmf 4.0% 11,316
IBM Intl Business Machines 203.07 240.18 13.3 2.2 nmf 10.3 nmf 1.7% 229,455
MSFT Microsoft 27.45 37.67 10.7 3.2 4.2 6.2 20% 3.4% 229,928
Technology Hardware CSCO Cisco Systems 20.57 29.62 11.8 2.3 3.8 6.1 57% 2.7% 109,211
GLW Corning 12.00 21.30 9.3 2.2 0.8 6.2 11% 3.0% 17,734
IM Ingram Micro 18.18 32.30 9.6 0.1 0.8 4.4 9% 0.0% 2,730
Telecom Services NTT Nippon Telegraph 21.06 43.03 10.2 1.0 0.9 3.3 63% 3.9% 55,733
Transportation CSX CSX 22.03 30.14 12.3 1.9 2.5 7.0 101% 2.5% 22,721
NM Navios Maritime Holdings 3.74 5.36 12.5 0.6 0.5 8.4 195% 6.4% 383
NSC Norfolk Southern 68.87 98.46 12.8 2.0 2.2 7.4 86% 2.9% 21,628
Utilities CWT California Water Service 19.50 25.07 18.2 1.5 1.7 9.3 102% 3.2% 817
EXC Exelon 31.44 39.75 10.3 1.3 1.4 7.1 63% 6.7% 26,859
As of 01.31.13. N/A=Not applicable. nmf=Not meaningful. 1 =First-time recommendation. 2Tangible book value. 3Enterprise value-to-earnings before interest taxes depreciation and amortization. 4Tangible equity. SOURCE: Al Frank using
data from Bloomberg
Portfolio Builder
Research Team Favorites
Target
Ticker Company Sector Price Price
tion potential. Does that mean we build portfolios of 20
BHI Baker Hughes Energy 44.72 73.42
stocks...30...? More like 50 and up. We like stocks. And we
CAH Cardinal Health Health Care 43.81 63.60
like a lot of em. We dont rely nearly as much on how
CSX CSX Corp Industrials 22.03 30.14
many as we do in which, but we tend to invest in far
IBM IBM Information Technology 203.07 240.18
more names than most. This expansive diversification,
INTC Intel Information Technology 21.04 29.60
we find, potentially serves us well in two ways: we can
KEY KeyCorp Financials 9.40 14.65
further minimize the risk of individual stock ownership,
NVDA NVIDIA Information Technology 12.26 19.10
while maximizing the likelihood of finding the truly big
NYCB NY Community Bancorp Financials 13.35 16.66
winners among the undervalued masses.
RDS/A Royal Dutch Shell Energy 70.52 110.99
As for the in which part, readers should know we dis-
TMO Thermo Fisher Scientific Health Care 72.14 103.62
criminate among potential investments primarily by their
As of 01.31.13. SOURCE: Al Frank using data from Bloomberg
relative valuation metrics and our assessments of stock-
specific risk. We buy only those stocks we find underval-
ued along several lines relative to their own trading his- Baker Hughes (BHI)
tory, those of their peers or that of the market in general. Baker Hughes provides a variety of oilfield services,
The prices at which well buy and sell stocks incorporate such as directional drilling, oilfield chemicals, drill bits
a range of fundamental risks (e.g. credit, customer and and electronic submersible pumping systems. It operates
competitive dynamic) that we believe the companies may in more than 90 countries serving oil majors, exploration
face over our normal 3-to-5-year investing time horizon. and production companies and national oil concerns. BHI
Each month in this column, we suggest to readers a shares have been navigating choppy waters over the last
group of ten stocks with which to populate portfolios. The six months as the firm battled continued margin pressure
list could serve as a portfolio foundation for new inves- in North America. Still, the company posted Q4 net in-
tors or as a pick-list for folks already maintaining well- come of $0.62 per share, versus estimates of $0.61, thanks
diversified holdings. While other themes may be featured to relative strength in Europe, Africa and Russia. Though
over time, our ongoing consolidation program has created we expect near-term headwinds to persist, we believe that
opportunities (i.e. proceeds of sales) to simply add stocks the North American market could trough during the year.
each month to our newsletter portfolios. This attractively-priced stock offers a compelling oppor-
Note that we are in no way suggesting that these stocks tunity to invest in the favorable long-term secular trends
replace those featured in prior months as we will always in the global oilfield services space, as well as to capitalize
issue a Sales Alert should we choose to exit a position. on recent cost-saving and productivity enhancement ef-
forts. We also favor Bakers long-term prospects in Russia,
This Months Theme Latin America and the Middle East.
Cash having again accumulated, we will buy $14,000 of
Royal Dutch in PruFolio and $10,000 of Cardinal Health Cardinal Health (CAH)
in Millennium Portfolio. In Buckingham Portfolio, we are Cardinal Health is a leading distributor of pharmaceu-
raising the regular position size to $5,000 and we will bring ticals and medical supplies to pharmacies and hospitals.
up to that amount the ownership in Baker Hughes, Intel Its operations include procurement, packaging, invento-
and Thermo Fisher, while adding a new holding in Key- ry management and logistics services. Its largest custom-
Corp. In TPS Portfolio, the position size is being boosted ers are CVS Caremark and Walgreen. We believe that Car-
to $25,000, with this the target for additional purchases of dinal has the opportunity to benefit from the continued
IBM, NVIDIA and NY Community Bancorp, as well as a domestic demographic changes and the portion of GDP
new buy of CSX Corp. We will transact on February 8. that will be directed toward healthcare spending, indus-
Portfolio Builder continued
try innovation and its own international expansion initia- the most opportunity for growthOur profit and margin
tives. Additionally, we are optimistic about a few of the performance will continue to benefit from the work we
companys recent acquisitions: Healthcare Solutions, an are doing with research and software to infuse more and
oncology services firm; Kinray, a drug distributor serving more IP into our offerings. Happily, stock repurchases
over 2,000 independent retail pharmacies in the NYC met- for 2012 topped $10 billion, reducing the share count by
ro area; and Yong Yu, a leading pharmaceutical distribu- 4%, while $8.7 billion is still remaining in buyback autho-
tor in China. We think these deals will provide material rizations. While we see the potential for a soft business
contributions toward EPS growth over the coming years. environment in some parts of the world, namely Europe,
We also view CAHs free cash flow as solid, providing we believe the future looks bright with IBMs goal of $20
management financial flexibility to invest in the business, in EPS by 2015 still firmly on track.
while still returning value to shareholders via dividends
and share repurchases. CAH shares currently trade with Intel (INTC)
a P/E multiple less than 13 and a dividend yield of 2.5%. Intel, the leading global semiconductor manufacturer,
supplies advanced technology solutions for the comput-
CSX Corp (CSX) ing industry. Its primary products include microproces-
CSX is a global freight transportation company, mov- sors, chipsets and motherboards. The fourth quarter
ing cargo by railroad, intermodal, container and barge. proved to be positive, though the company conceded that
Principally operating in the eastern half of the United a weak macroeconomic environment and soft PC demand
States, CSX should benefit from a broad spectrum of mer- were noticeable headwinds for 2013. We expect to see con-
chandise traffic and from relatively stable fuel surcharge tinued growth in demand for advanced chips from Intel,
revenue. While the sector has suffered from weak domes- particularly for data centers and for Ultrabooks, both of
tic coal shipment volume and associated soft pricing, we which require high performance and low power consump-
maintain that CSX will be able to weather the storm and tion. According to Intel, the volume of notebooks shipped
believe that the worst of the coal challenges may be upon that are less than an inch thin has risen 18 times in the
us. CSX recently reported Q4 financial results which in- last year in the U.S. and seems likely to keep that pace
cluded expectation-beating earnings per share of $0.43 on in the upcoming year. Such a forecast bodes well for the
revenue of $2.9 billion. The company is well-positioned company, we believe, given its sizeable edge in the mar-
for long-term growth and continues to benefit from pric- ket. To date, none of Intels competitors have mastered
ing and productivity gains. We also like that CSX contin- the space-saving and energy-efficient three-dimensional
ues to cut costs, while the stock is attractively valued, transistor, nor do any appear to have it in the near-term
sporting a P/E ratio of 12 and a dividend yield of 2.5%. pipeline. Keeping step with Moores Law, the company is
set to launch its Haswell line of processors, which Intel
Intl Business Machines (IBM) believes will make significant improvements upon the
IBM is a leading software systems and computer solu- previous generation of processors by adding new archi-
tions company with a global footprint. The company re- tecture, or coding language, thereby improving speed,
leased fourth quarter results that spoke to its strong busi- power usage and overall usability. We like that Intel has a
ness model, which actively targets sustainable cash flow diversified revenue stream, low levels of debt, a competi-
and profit. Impressively, IBM just closed its 10th straight tive assortment of products and a 4.3% dividend yield.
year of double-digit earnings growth and recognized $18.2
billion in free cash flow for 2012, which is $12 billion bet- KeyCorp (KEY)
ter than a decade ago. Earnings topped expectations and Cleveland-based KeyCorp is one of the nations largest
the company saw successful launches in high-end sys- bank-based financial services companies with assets of
tems, while it began to reap rewards from its recent glob- $89.2 billion. Key provides deposit, lending, cash manage-
al growth initiatives. Looking to 2013, IBMs CFO, Mark ment and investment services to individuals and small
Loughridge, explained, We will continue to drive our key and mid-sized businesses in 14 states under the name
plays and shift towards higher value content. Well contin- KeyBank National Association. Key also provides a broad
ue to invest in the growth markets, which now represent range of sophisticated corporate and investment banking
over 20% of total services revenue, and its where we see products, such as merger and acquisition advice, public
Portfolio Builder continued
and private debt and equity syndications and deriva- ening of asset quality, as non-performing loans shrank to
tives to middle market companies in selected industries less than 0.67% of total assets. NYCB offers investors a
throughout the U.S. under the KeyBanc Capital Markets whopping 7.5% dividend yield and we contend that this
trade name. We continue to be encouraged by KEYs im- hefty payout, though large relative to its peers, is support-
proving credit quality, loan growth, increasing net inter- ed by a relatively solid balance sheet (the bank exceeds
est margin and commitment to meaningful cost cutting. the requirements for classification as well-capitalized),
Additionally, approximately 40% of KEYs revenue comes reducing the risk of a material reduction.
from fees, which should help the bank provide a more
consistent income stream going forward. KEY trades for Royal Dutch Shell (RDS/A)
less than 11 times consensus earnings estimates and of- Royal Dutch Shell is engaged in the exploration, pro-
fers holders a dividend yield of 2.1%. duction, refining and sale of petroleum products world-
wide. The company continues to see elevated levels of
NVIDIA (NVDA) volatility across its revenue sources, due in large part to
NVIDIA is a top-tier designer, developer and marketer unstable geopolitical environments in many areas of the
of three dimensional graphics processors for personal world. Additionally, Alaska is proving to be more difficult
computing. While a long-time leader in its industry, NVDA to drill than the company expected, forcing more project
announced its first venture into the portable hardware de- delays in the last few months. Given the extreme ecosys-
vice market when it unveiled the Project Shield mobile tem sensitivity in the region, Shell and others must take
gaming platform at the Consumer Electronics Show last extra precautions to ensure there are no oil spills. Despite
month. In our view, the platform is unlikely to become the headwinds, management is working hard to keep the
the next Playstation, but it should serve well as a proof momentum it has built up over the last few years via a
of concept device that the company will be able to use to focused capital expenditure plan, which, in particular,
gain valuable data when designing its mobile chips. Addi- aims to extend the life of assets through innovative tech-
tionally, NVIDIA recently released its Tegra 4 mobile pro- nologies and selectivity in exploration. We believe that
cessor line, which boasts a quad-core CPU, reduced power shareholders will benefit from the continued emphasis on
consumption and 72 graphics processing cores. While the integrating natural gas, deepwater drilling and non-petro-
company may see a slow ramp as manufacturers get on leum alternative fuels into a larger portion of total rev-
board with the Tegra 4 line (so far only Toshiba has signed enue. We also like the sub-7 P/E ratio and the 4.1% yield.
up), we believe that the performance superiority of the
chip will lure many, especially considering that the pro- Thermo Fisher Scientific (TMO)
cessor runs faster than any offering from its competitors. Thermo, the largest and most diversified life sciences
The companys inexpensive valuation and 2.4% dividend company, supplies universities, laboratories and hospitals
yield offer an attractive entry point. with high-end analytical instruments and lab equipment.
TMO is an industry leader in nearly every product cat-
NY Community Bancorp (NYCB) egory, including mass spectrometry equipment, reagents
The holding company for New York Community Bank and consumables. With customers looking to simplify
and New York Commercial Bank, NYCB is a leading fi- procurement, Thermos one stop shop strategy is an ap-
nancial institution with 274 branches in the New York/ pealing choice and the company boasts the largest sales
New Jersey metropolitan region, as well as locations in force in the industry. TMO also has accelerated invest-
Ohio, Florida and Arizona. NYCB has assets of $44.1 bil- ment in emerging markets, as growing demand for food
lion, with a focus on multi-family loans (representing safety, quality control testing and diagnostic devices pro-
68.2% of total loans) that emphasize apartment build- vide growth opportunities. Q4 results were strong, with
ings featuring below-market rents. The banks efficiency earnings of $1.36 per share trumping the Streets $1.28
ratio consistently has ranked in the top tier of all banks estimate. We believe TMO is attractively valued and are
and thrifts. Q4 results saw the firm earn $0.28 per share, positive on its leading positions throughout an $80 billion
slightly missing consensus estimates, but coming in bet- market, consistent and heavy investments in research
ter than during the same period a year prior. The quarter and development, global growth opportunities, solid free
showed record loan production and a continued strength- cash flow generation and strong balance sheet.
NEWSLETTER PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES
TPS Portfolio is Al Franks actual investment portfolio. Though not presently leveraged, it has been so in Subscriptions: TPS is published monthly, with weekly e-mail
the past. Buckingham Portfolio is John Buckinghams actual investment portfolio. Though not presently
leveraged, it has been so in the past. Millennium Portfolio is unleveraged and hypothetical. PruFolio is updates, at the following rates: 1-year: $295; 2-years: $495. Sub-
unleveraged and hypothetical. scriptions are not assignable. For subscribing, please contact us
at tps@alfrank.com or call 877.817.4394.
All portfolio returns are calculated on a total return basis and reflect the reinvestment of dividends, if any,
margin leverage and margin interest charges, trading costs and subscription costs. There are inherent
limitations with in hypothetical or model portfolio results as the securities are not actually purchased or
sold. They may not reflect the impact, if any, of material market conditions which could have has an impact
on AFAMs decision making if the hypothetical portfolios were real. Hypothetical performance is shown
for illustrative purposes only and should not be interpreted as an indication of performance of any AFAM
portfolio. The use of leverage magnifies gains and losses and increases risk to a portfolio.
The Prudent Speculator is published by