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S.No Agriculture
1 Climate is an important environmental
Increases in temperature and carbon
dioxide (CO2) can alter crop yield
2 Warmer temperatures may make many
crops grow more quickly, but warmer
temperatures could also reduce yields.
Higher CO2 levels can increase
yields.However, some factors may
counteract these potential increases in
yield. For example, if temperature
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exceeds a crop's OPTIMAL level or if
sufficient water and nutrients are not
available, yield increases may be reduced
or reversed.
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More extreme temperature and
precipitation can prevent crops from
growing.
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Many weeds, pests and fungi thrive under risk of drought in some areas and the risk
warmer temperatures, wetter climates,
and increased CO2 levels.
Forestry
Climate influences the structure and
function of forest ecosystems and plays an and the impacts of climate change affect
essential role in forest health.
A changing climate may worsen many of
the threats to forests, such as pest
outbreaks, fires,HUMAN development,
and drought.
Climate changes directly and indirectly
affect the growth and productivity of
forests: directly due to changes in
atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate
and indirectly through complex
interactions in forest ecosystems.
Warming temperatures could increase the
length of the growing season. However,
warming could also shift the
geographicRANGES of some tree species.
Climate change will likely increase the
of extreme precipitation and flooding in
others.
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Ecosystem Water resources
Water resources are important to both society and
ecosystems. We depend on a reliable, clean supply of
influence on ecosystems. Climate changes drinking water to sustain our HEALTH. We also need
water for agriculture, energy production, navigation,
ecosystems in a variety of ways. recreation, and manufacturing.
For instance, warming could force species to migrate to higher
latitudes or higher elevations where temperatures are more Many of these uses put pressure on water resources,
conducive to their survival. Similarly, as sea level rises, stresses that are likely to be exacerbated by climate change.
saltwater intrusion into a freshwater system may force some
key species to relocate or die, thus removing predators or prey In many areas, climate change is likely to increase water
that were critical in the existing food chain. demand while shrinking water supplies.
For many species, the climate where they live
or spend part of the year influences key
stages of their annual life cycle, such as
migration, blooming, and mating. As the This shifting BALANCE would challenge water managers
climate has warmed in recent decades, the to simultaneously meet the needs of growing communities,
timing of these events has changed in some sensitive ecosystems, farmers, ranchers, energy producers,
parts of the country. and manufacturers.
The impact of climate change on a particular Warmer temperatures increase the rate of evaporation of
species can ripple through a food web and water into the atmosphere, in effect increasing the
affect a wide range of other organisms. atmosphere's capacity to "hold" water.Increased
Example: declines in ice algae can contribute evaporation may dry out some areas and fall as excess
to declines in polar bear populations. precipitation on other areas.
In some cases, ecosystem change occurs Changes in the amount of rain falling during storms
rapidly and irreversibly because a threshold, provide evidence that the water cycle is already changing.
or "tipping point," is passed. Eg: Coaral Over the past 50 years, the amount of rain falling during
bleaching by coral reefs. the most intense 1% of storms increased by almost 20%.
 Climate change and shifts in ecological conditions could
support the spread of pathogens, parasites, and diseases,
6 with potentially serious effects on human health,
Changes in the frequency and severity of Increased temperatures would alter the agriculture, and fisheries. For example, the oyster
droughts and floods could pose timing of snowmelt, affecting the parasite, Perkinsus marinus, is capable of causing large
challenges for farmers and ranchers. seasonalAVAILABILITY of water. oyster die-offs. Climate change could severly impact the water supply.

Climate change, along with habitat

destruction and pollution, is one of the
important stressors that can contribute to
species extinction. The IPCC estimates that
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Overall, climate change could make it 20-30% of the plant and animal species
more difficult to grow crops, raise evaluated so far in climate change studies are
animals, and catch fish in the same ways Climate also affects the frequency and at risk of extinction if temperatures reach
and same places as we have done in the severity of many forest disturbances like levels projected to occur by the end of this
past. wildfires. century.
Water quality could suffer in areas experiencing increases
in rainfall. Heavy downpours can increase the amount of
runoff into rivers and lakes, washing sediment, nutrients,
pollutants, trash, animal waste, and other materials into
water supplies, making them unusable, unsafe, or in need
of water treatment.

Freshwater resources along the coasts face risks from sea level rise. Drought can
Projected rates of species extinctions are 10 times cause coastal water resources to become more saline as freshwater supplies from
8 greater than recently observed global average rates and rivers are reduced. Water infrastructure in coastal cities, including sewer systems
Affects nutrition and food security of Insect outbreaks often defoliate, weaken, 10,000 times greater than rates observed in the distant and wastewater TREATMENT FACILITIES, faces risks from rising sea levels
countries affected by climate change and kill trees. past (as recorded in fossils) and the damaging impacts of storm surges.

Many important economic ACTIVITIES, like producing energy at power plants,

9 raising livestock, and growing food crops, also require water. The amount of
Hurricanes, ice storms, and wind storms water available for these ACTIVITIES may be reduced as Earth warms, and if
can cause damage to forests. competition for water resources increases.

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S.NO Human health
Weather and climate play a significant role in people's
1 health. Changes in climate affect the average weather
conditions that we are accustomed to. Warmer average
temperatures will likely lead to hotter days and more
frequent and longer heat waves which could increase the
number of heat related illness and deaths.
2 Increases in the frequency or severity of extreme weather
events such as storms could increase the risk of dangerous
flooding, high winds, and other direct threats to people and
property.
3
Warmer temperatures could increase the
concentrations of unhealthy air and water
pollutants.
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Heat waves can lead to heat stroke and dehydration, and
are the most common cause of weather-related deaths.
Young children, older adults, people with medical
conditions, and the poor are more vulnerable than others to
heat-related illness.
Climate change could lead to extreme weather events
which would reduce the availability of fresh food and
water; Interrupt communication, utility, and health care
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services; Contribute to carbon monoxide poisoning from
portable electric generators used during and after storms;
Increase stomach and intestinal illness among evacuees & Changes in temperature, precipitation, sea level, and the
Contribute to mental health impacts such as depression and frequency and severity of extreme events will likely affect how
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). much energy is produced, delivered, and consumed.
Industry
Climate change will have an impact on both industrial raw
material supplies and processes. Although the greatest effect will combination with the pattern of continued development in
most likely be via global MARKET development, climate change coastal areas, are increasing damage to a country's
can have notable impacts to those industrial sectors in India
whose raw materials are heavily dependent on weather and other facilities, and are also increasing risks to ports and other coastal sensitive to extremes that fall outside of this
changes in the natural environment.
As discussed earlier most of the supplies coming from forests,
agriculture and livestock would be heavily hampered due to
climate change. This could inturn affect industries and pose a
problem in procurement of raw materials.
Climate change can produce new challenges to the
CONSTRUCTION industry when changing weather conditions
demand the implementation of new type of construction materials
and plans. For example, the changing damp conditions, frequency
of storms and thawing of ground frost require attention. Basic
work during the winter may become easier due to warmer
weather, although rainy weather increases the risk of damage to
the structures and increases drying costs.
Climate change would severly affect the
infastructure and transportation systems hereby
compromising with the logistics and supply
chain of the industry.
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Settlement/Infrastructure Society
As a society, we have structured our day-to-
Sea level rise, storm surge, and heavy downpours, in day lives around historical and current
climate conditions. We are accustomed to a
normalRANGE of conditions and may be
infrastructure including roads, buildings, and industrial
facilities and installations. range.
Climate change could affect our society through impacts on a
Flooding along rivers, lakes, and in cities following heavy number of different social, cultural, and NATURAL
downpours, prolonged rains, and rapid melting of snowpack is RESOURCES. For example, climate change could affect
exceeding the limits of flood protection infrastructure designed human health, infrastructure, and transportation systems, as
for historical conditions. well as energy, food, and water supplies.
Some groups of people will likely face
greater challenges than others. Climate
change may especially impact people who
Extreme heat is damaging transportation live in areas that are vulnerable to
infrastructure such as roads, rail lines, and COASTAL storms, drought, and sea LEVEL
airport runways. rise or people who are poor.
Climate change poses a series of interrelated challenges to the Some types of professions and industries
countrys most densely populated places: its cities. Cities
depend on infrastructure, like water and sewage systems, roads, may face considerable challenges from
bridges, and power plants, much of which is aging and in need climate change. Professions that are closely
of REPAIR or replacement. These issues will be compounded linked to weather and climate, such as
by rising sea levels, storm surges, heat waves, and extreme
weather events, stressing or even overwhelming essential outdoor tourism and agriculture, will likely
services. be especially affected.
Integrating climate change action in everyday city and Projected climate change will affect certain groups of people
infrastructure operations and governance is an important more than others, depending on where they live and their
planning and implementation tool for ADVANCING ability to cope with different climate hazards. In some cases,
adaptation in cities. This is one of the key elements for building the impacts of climate change would worsen EXISTING
a new age smart city. vulnerabilities.

6 already interrupting energy supply and impacts are expected to People who live in poverty may have a difficult time coping
Climate change could lead to reduced air quality caused
due to increases in Ozone, changes in Fine Particulate
Matter and changes in allergen.
Changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and
extreme events could enhance the spread of some diseases.
7 These include food borne diseases (caused due to rapid
growth of bacteria in warm environments and
contamination of crops due to overflow), water-borne
diseases (caused due to increase in water-borne parasites
like Giardia caused due to flooding and stormwater runoff)
and animal borne diseases (caused due to changes in air
tempretures)
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9 electricity distribution equipment. These events may also delay
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Projected impacts of climate change will INCREASE
ENERGY use in the summer and pose additional risks to
reliability. Extreme weather events and water shortages are
Water impacts due to climate change can drastically affect the increase in the future. Most vulnerabilities and risks to energy with changes. These people have limited financial resources to
industry. Power plants can require large amounts of water for supply and use are unique to local situations; others are national cope with heat, relocate or evacuate or respond to increases in
cooling. It will also increase the electricity consumption. in scope. the cost of food.
Climate change may make it harder and more expensive for
Growing crops for biomass and biofuel energy could stress water many people to insure their homes, businesses, or other
resources in certain regions, depending on the type of crop, where valuable assets in risk-prone areas. Insurance is one of the
it is grown, agricultural production in the region, and current primary mechanisms used to PROTECT people against
water and nutrient management practices. weather-related disasters.
Rising temperatures, increased evaporation, and drought may
increase the need for energy-intensive methods of providing
drinking and irrigation water. For example, desalinization plants
can convert salt water into freshwater, but consume a lot of Climate change will also likely affect tourism and recreational
energy. ACTIVITIES.
Flooding and intense storms can damage power lines and
repair and maintenance work. Electricity outages can have serious
impacts on other energy systems as well.
Climate change could impact wind and solar power, but there is
little research in this area. Impacts will depend on how wind and
cloud cover patterns change, which are very difficult to project
using current climate models.