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TRIAL EXAMINATION 2
SOLUTIONS
2006
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Section 1 Multiple-choice answers
1. E 7. B 13. D 19. E
2. D 8. C 14. D 20. C
3. E 9. A 15. E 21. B
4. D 10. B 16. C 22. C
5. B 11. C 17. D
6. A 12. A 18. E
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Section 1- Multiple-choice solutions
Question 1
2
The equation of the asymptote through ( 3, 0) is y = x+2.
3
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
2
Question 2
function asymptotes
1
A. y= y = 0, x = 1, x = 1
(x 1)(x + 1)
x2 +1
B. y=
x
1
=x+ y = x, x = 0
x
x +1
3
C. y=
x2
1
=x+ 2 y = x, x = 0
x
x +1
4
D. y=
x2
1
= x2 + 2 y = x2 , x = 0
x
1
E. y = x2 + 2 y = x2
x +1
The answer is D.
Question 3
f (x ) = sec(ax )
1
=
cos(ax )
The graph has asymptotes for
cos(ax ) = 0
3 3
ax = ... , , , ,...
2 2 2 2
3 3
x = ... , , , ,...
2a 2 a 2a 2a
The answer is E.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
3
Question 4
1
sin 2 ( ) = (1 cos(2 ))
2
1
sin ( ) = (1 cos(2 )) (option A)
2
sin 2 ( ) + cos 2 ( ) = 1
sin( ) = 1 cos 2 ( ) (option B)
sin ( ) = 2 sin cos (option C, double angle formula)
2 2
sin ( ) = sin (3 2 )
= sin (3 )(cos(2 ) cos(3 ) sin (2 )) (option D) is incorrect
2
sin ( ) = sin +
3 3
2 2
= sin cos + cos sin (option E)
3 3 3 3
The answer is D.
Question 5
( )
w = acis 60
= a (cos(60 ) + i sin (60 ))
1 3
= a + i
2 2
a
(
= 1+ 3i
2
)
The answer is B.
Question 6
a
( a
) (
i (w + w) = i 1 3 i + 1 + 3 i
)
2 2
a a
= i +
2 2
= ai
This complex number is located on the negative branch
of the imaginary axis, a units from the origin.
(
Hence in polar form it can be expressed as a cis 90 . )
The answer is A.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
4
Question 7
Let z3 = w
(rcis( ))3 = w
r 3 cis(3 ) = acis(60 ) (De Moivre)
r =a
3
3 = 60 + 360 k
r=3 a = 20 + 120 k k Z
= 20 , 140 , 260 ...
( ) ( )
The three cube roots are 3 a cis 20 , 3 a cis 140 and 3 a cis 260 . ( )
If a = 1 , the cube roots lie on the circle with radius a units. If a > 1 , the cube roots lie on a circle
with radius 3 a units which is inside the circle with radius a units. So option A is correct.
Option B is incorrect.
Options C, D and E are correct.
The answer is B.
Question 8
x
y = sin 1
a
dy 1
=
dx a x2
1
(
= ax 2
) 2
3
( )
2
d y 1 2
2
= a x2 2 x
dx 2
x
= 3
(
ax 2 2
)
The answer is C.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
5
Question 9
xy 2 = 1
d
dx
xy 2 ( ) = dxd (1)
dy
1 y 2 + x 2 y =0
dx
dy
2 xy = y2
dx
dy y
= x0
dx 2x
1 1
At x = 4, y 2 = , y=
4 2
1
In the fourth quadrant y =
2
dy 1
So = 8
dx 2
1
=
16
The answer is A.
Question 10
(sin(x ) cos(x ))
3
dx
0
= sin 3 ( x ) cos 3 (x ) dx
0
( )(
= sin ( x ) 1 cos 2 ( x ) cos 3 ( x ) dx
)
0
1 where u = cos( x )
=
du
( )
1 u 2 u 3 dx du
1
dx = sin ( x )
1
dx
(u )
= 3
u 5 du x = , u = 1
1 x = 0, u = 1
The answer is B.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
6
Question 11
Question 12
2 Now,
volume = x dy y = cos 1 ( x )
2
x = cos( y )
0
2
x 2 = cos 2 ( y )
= cos 2 ( y ) dy
0
2
1
= 2 (cos(2 y ) + 1) dy
0
2
=
2 (cos(2 y ) + 1) dy
0
The answer is A.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
7
Question 13
A. a~ a~ = c~ c~
a~ a~ cos(0) = c~ c~ cos(0)
2 2
a~ = c~ may or may not be true
(a c)b = 0 b
C.
~~ ~ ~
= 0~
b~
D.
a ( a~ + c~ )
~
= a~ a~ + a~ c~
= a~ a~ since a~ c~ = 0
2
= a~
(a + c) (a c)= a
E.
~ ~ ~ ~
a a~ c~ + a~ c~ c~ c~
~ ~
= a~ a~ c~ c~
= a~ a~ cos(0 ) c~ c~ cos(0 )
2 2
= a~ c~
2 2
Now a~ c~ = a~ c~ may or may not be true.
The answer is D.
Question 14
( )
Hence c~ = a~ b~ b~ .
The answer is D.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
8
Question 15
Draw a diagram.
j
~
i
30 ~
R~ = m a~
1
sin ( ) =
2
So Q = 2 3
3
Check cos( ) = , Q = 2 .
2
Q has a magnitude of 2N and acts in a direction of N30E.
The answer is C.
Question 17
Let v~ be the velocity of the particle. So v~ = 6 ~i + 8 j where ~i runs in the horizontal direction and j
~ ~
= 3 6 ~i + 8 j
~
P~ = 3 36 + 64
= 30 kg m/s
The answer is D.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
9
Question 18
dy
= a + by where a and b are constants
dx
dx 1
=
dy a + by
1
x=
a + by
dy (option A)
1 b
=
b a + by
dy
1
x = log e a + by + c
b
y (0) = 0
1
0 = log e a + c
b
1
c = log e a
b
1
= log e a b (option B)
1 1
x= log e a + by log e a
b b
1 a + by
= log e (option C)
b a
a + by
bx = log e
a
a + by
e bx = (option D)
a
ae bx = a + by
(
by = a e bx 1 )
a
y = e bx 1
b
( ) (making option E not true)
The answer is E.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
10
Question 19
dy 1
= , x 0 = 0, y 0 = 0, h = 0.1
dx x + 1
x n +1 = x n + h y n +1 = y n + h f (x n )
1
So, x1 = 0 + 0 1 y1 = 0 + 0 1
1
= 0 1 = 0 1
1
x2 = 0 1 + 0 1 y 2 = 0 1 + 0 1
11
1 1
= 02 = +
10 11
21
=
110
The answer is E.
Question 20
dS
= rate of inflow rate of outflow
dt
dS dl dS dl
= (inflow) ( outflow)
dl dt dl dt
S
= 0 2 5
300 3t
5S
=
3(100 t )
S
Note that the amount of sugar per litre in the tank is since every second the volume of
300 3t
solution decreases by 3L.
The answer is C.
Question 21
For y = x , x > 0 therefore the slope diagram is not appropriate to this function since gradients are
assigned for x 0 .
A similar argument is true for y = log e ( x ) .
dy
Note that for x = 2, =0.
dx
dy dy
This is true for y = x (x 4 ) since = 2 x + 4 and when x = 2, = 0.
dx dx
dy dy
For y = 2 x x 2 , = 2 2 x, so at x = 2, = 2 so the slope diagram is not suitable for this
dx dx
function.
dy
Similarly for y = 1 e x , = e x .
dx
dy
At x = 2 = e 2 = 0 135
dx
0
The answer is B.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
11
Question 22
v 2 = 2 5 dx
1 2
2
v = 5 dx
d 1 2
v = 5
dx 2
d 1 2
Since a = v we have a = 5 .
dx 2
Since the particle is moving with constant, negative acceleration, the velocity will be decreasing.
The answer is C.
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
12
Section 2
Question 1
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
13
c. i.
(1 mark)
ii. v R if v u 2
3i
LS = 1 + 2 3i
2
3
= 1 i
2
9
= 1+ (1 mark)
4
13
=
2
<2
So v R
(1 mark)
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
14
d. i.
(1 mark)
ii. Since p S and p = x + yi, then x = 1 and the maximum and minimum values of y lie
on the circle defined by
z u =2
1 + yi 2 3i = 2
1 + ( y 3)i = 2
1 + ( y 3) = 2
2
1 + ( y 3) = 4
2
y2 6y + 6 = 0
6 36 4 1 6
y= (1 mark)
2
6 12
=
2
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
15
e. Method 1
The vectors OV and VU are parallel if
OV = k VU where k is a constant.
3
Now, OV = ~i + j
2~
VU = VO + OU
= OV + OU
3
= ~i j + 2 ~i + 3 j
2~ ~
3
j = ~i + (1 mark)
2~
3 3
So ~i + j = k ~i + j where k = 1 (1 mark)
2~ 2 ~
So OV and VU are parallel and since they share the point V, they must be collinear.
(1 mark)
Method 2
OU = 2 ~i + 3 j
~
3
= 2(~i + j) (1 mark)
2~
= 2 OV (1 mark)
So OV and VU are parallel and since they share the point O, they must be collinear.
(1 mark)
Total 11 marks
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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Question 2
a. i. a~ = 2 sin (t ) i + 2 cos(t ) j
~ ~
x = 2 sin (t ) y = 2 cos(t )
x = 2 sin (t ) y = 2 cos 2 (t )
2 2 2
x 2 + y 2 = 2 sin 2 (t ) + 2 cos 2 (t )
(
x 2 + y 2 = 2 sin 2 (t ) + cos 2 (t ) )
x + y =2
2 2
(1 mark)
ii. At t = 0, a~ = 0 ~i + 2 j
~
( )
Particle A starts at the point 0, 2 in the ~i j plane.
~
It moves in a clockwise direction on a circular path with centre at (0, 0) and radius
2.
(We know it moves in a clockwise direction j
~
since as t increases from t = 0 ,
sin (t ) increases and cos(t ) decreases
2
so the ~i component increases and
the j component decreases.)
~
i
2 2 ~
b. i. b~ = 2 cos(t ) ~i + j
~
ii. Since x = 2 cos(t ) , the domain of the Cartesian equation that describes the path of
particle B is x 2 , 2 . [ ]
(1 mark)
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
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c. a~ b~
= 2 sin (t ) ~i + 2 cos(t ) j 2 cos(t ) ~i + j
~ ~
= 2 sin (t ) cos(t ) + 2 cos(t ) (1 mark)
When A and B are at right angles, a~ b~ = 0 (1 mark)
A and B are first at right angles at t = seconds.
2
(1 mark)
d.
a = 2 sin (t ) ~i + 2 cos(t ) j
~ ~
a = 2 cos(t ) ~i 2 sin (t ) j
~ ~
(
= 2 cos 2 (t ) + sin 2 (t ) )
= 2
So particle A moves with a constant speed of 2 units.
(1 mark)
e.
i. a~ = 2 sin (t ) ~i + 2 cos(t ) j
~
b~ = 2 cos(t ) i + j
~ ~
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
18
ii. ( )
At t = 0 , A is at the point 0, 2 on the ~i j plane.
~
At t = , when A collides with B,
4
a~ = 2 sin ~i + 2 cos j
4 4~
1 1
= 2 i+ 2
~
j
2 2~ j
~
= ~i + j
~
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
19
Question 3
a. (
For g (x ) = log e x 2 + 2 x + 1 , )
x + 2x + 1 > 0
2
y = ( x + 1) 2
(x + 1) 2
>0
x R \ { 1}
d g = R \ { 1} or ( ,1) ( 1, )
(1 mark)
b. i. (
Let y = log e x 2 + 2 x + 1 )
Swap x and y
(
x = log e y 2 + 2 y + 1
)
e x = ( y + 1)
2
These steps must be shown
ex = y +1
y = 1 e x
(1 mark)
ii. rg 1 = d g
= R \ { 1} or ( ,1) ( 1, )
(1 mark)
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
20
10
d. i. volume = y 2 dx 0
10
(log (x ))2
= e
2
+ 2x + 1 dx
0
(1 mark) correct integrand
(1 mark) correct terminals
= 1 2198089 100cm 3
= 1 2198089 standard drinks
= 3 8 standard drinks (correct to 1 decimal place)
(1 mark)
e. Using a calculator, try different values of a where a is an integer. We require the largest
value of a so that the value of y when x = 10 is less than 5.
(
For y = ln x 2 + ax + 1 )
when x = 10 and a = 2, y = 4 795...
(
For y = ln x 2 + ax + 1 ) (1 mark) for trying some values of a
when x = 10, and a = 3, y = 4 875...
(
For y = ln x 2 + ax + 1 )
when x = 10, and a = 4, y = 4 948...
(
For y = ln x 2 + ax + 1 )
when x = 10, and a = 5, y = 5 017...
So the maximum value of a is 4.
(1 mark)
So for x [0, 10 ] there is no horizontal slope. Hence when the mould is placed upright there
is no point where the slope is vertical.
(1 mark)
Total 12 marks
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
21
Question 4
28 3 28 28 2
a. The maximum speed of the train is given by + = 22 86 m/s .
480 320
(1 mark)
b.
k = 22.86
The shaded area on the graph above represents the distance travelled by the train whilst it is
travelling at maximum speed.
So (b 28) 22 86 = 2 058
b = 118
(1 mark)
v(50) v(10)
c. i. average acceleration =
50 10
10 3 28 100
= 22 86 + 40
480 320
= 0 41m/s 2 (to 2 decimal places)
(1 mark)
t 3 28t 2
ii. For t = 10, v(t ) = +
480 320
3t 2 56t
a (t ) = +
480 320
300 560
a (10 ) = +
480 320
= 1 125m/s 2
(1 mark)
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
22
d. Method 1
Use a graphics calculator to solve
23 6
0= tan 1 (t 130 ) + 11 691
t = 198 91 seconds (to 2 decimal places)
So c = 198.91 (to 2decimal places).
(1 mark)
Method 2
By hand.
23 6
0= tan 1 (t 130 ) + 11 691
11 691
= tan 1 (t 130)
23 6
1 556... = tan 1 (t 130)
tan (1 556...) = t 130
t = 198 9136...
= 198 91 seconds (to two decimal places)
So c = 198.91 (to 2decimal places). (1 mark)
28 c
t 3 28t 2
dt + g (t ) dt + 2 058
e. distance =
0
+
480 320 118
(1 mark) 1 correct integral
(1 mark) 2nd correct integral and including 2 058
23 6
g ' (t ) =
g.
(
1 + (t 130 )2 )
The velocity is constant when g ' (t ) = 0 .
23 6
= 0 has no real solution since 23 6 0 .
Now,
(
1 + (t 130)2 )
So the velocity of the train is never constant for b < t c .
(1 mark)
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
23
h.
k = 22.86
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
24
Question 5
N1
N2
F2
F1
5
b.
1
s= (u + v)t (1 mark)
2
1
150 = (4 + 0)t
2
t = 75 secs (1 mark)
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions
25
c. i.
ii. F N
F
N
( )
xg sin 5
( )
xg cos 5
0 0874...
So = 0 087 (to 3 decimal places).
(1 mark)
Total 9 marks
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THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2006 Specialist Maths Exam 2 solutions