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KAVIRAAJAMAARGAM : A Treatise in Kannada on Alamkarasastra

by Srivijaya Poet and Scholar at the Court of Amoghavarsha
Nrupatunga, Rashtrakuta Emperor (814877 A.D.) Edited with
Introduction and Commentary by M.V. Seetharamiah, Published by
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Bhavana, J.C.Road, Bengaluru 560 002.

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P PjwgzjAz, C gag P MAz
iUP (=ZAP) DVgP. DzjAz AUg
zqAi Eg j `ZAzsgt' Pv dAi
iUPg dAi M JAz z z nU wiz
CAiQP Uz. U, dAi `PtP' zjAz
ePAiizg PvAiiAiiz zUAAz
Zz UgP vzz.

dAi
`ZAzgt' GV Czg Pv g JAz
zsgUgU PgdiUPvz dAi Cz
g z v A z El P z . F dAi `D v
v AU s z'Az UA xAz Uvz. v AU
s zU Dv `PsgA iUU A
PvjZAi', `Pgt PlPPP Ai
izAPwUA P' DVz, v ws ArvU
Dv zjAz `P w 'Ai Ug


,
`CwAizs s zg uU v
z .' dAi v AU
58 PgdiU

Ug z iS l Pz , v AU Arv P vAz
DPvV. PgdiUz MAzgq z U
(III-204,206),
vAU dAi UgzgUAz gi rPAq
Az s t vVgAwz.
U vAU UgP vV, C CwAiAv
P q z P t U A x g A i a u U
v Vg Pzg dAi Qv
W zzVg P. Cz
C HU qz, v `sav' v aw
Angz vgAiz CP P q PU Ptg
MAz AUw. (III-218 jAz 230 ggV z U ,
CU nt U
r). F Ai Dv A Ai
gz PAr. vAU s zg PAi (JAzg
v) UuzAiAz DPvgV, v Vg
(`U ag'), Az iv U v U JAzg
A iA jvgV v Av r g JAz
ZvgV wz. dAi F UttAi
RV U Pz CAU E : dAi
P gz Ai e P zs U gqg A i
v Vz ; GQP A i t; v zAi w sAv;
PPt PU Cd; s Ai P;
zvUgzg ZV vP ; g PgtP,
zgv ; dgAi Dzg nvP ; gg
Utz C z , DvU uzAi vAwg
- EAx z Qwv GzAz
dUw CUzsz CAvBz UvP zz
`vP' (JAzg P Pt v z PgdiU )
z. E Ci, gvv, DzjAz,
AiijAz Aii UAi UPAi jQvP ;
EvAiiV C UtUtA Vz.
pP 59

F Azsz UPz EAz R

AUwAiAzg PgdiUgZU AAzslz. vAU
z vsA i zAr s Avz Zg t v
Pi UU ZavUwz ; D ZZ U v
B zAVz
vAUz v uAiP CAiU ArwzAv
Ptvz. U, PiAAi `v AUz iUAvg'
Az gUArgP. vAUzv P q
PPt iU vAUz iU. Ezg CqVg P
vv A `Aii v' g dAi; C v;
Pvvg zjAz PgvPgz Cgg C
lVz. U, PvvAAzsV v qz
wPA i vAU z v Cr CP
UAxg Pl dAi. F UAx PgdiU.
Ez g v D A i zv z v AU w A i
Gv U z P V Dv j g U Ax z
g r P A v i r dAi v P v v
UtVjzjAz, UA x v AUP vA w wAi FgU

VAv. Ezg dz PvU Pz Ug
t . P g d i U d A i P v JA z
jPAiiVgU UAz APAz Plr
AzUA igt.
dAi iSl UgP DUz UU Pgd
iUzAi GRzAi. JAz , C gAiz
DVgP. C v Az gPl gdzsU JAz,
KP DUzAz Zgt AiVz. F UU UA xzAi
Z Aiiz E. . AiwAig UAxz
ZP Azs Pz Dzsgz dAi l g
`dAii'
JAgzAz C `' (AU) VzAz
Hgg. (r: z 142g nt:) Ad z
60 PgdiU

41Ai Pz `glivAq vAU g zAiP

Dzsg s vz `v 'A g d gdw tz
QAi GRz. `v ' JAz v AU aPz
UdgvSAi gP l gd t gzVgz
JAz J.J. CPgz H. g `z' JA sU
RP PAi `v' JAzVgzAz (z >
z > v) ``F UAxPgz dAii (dAi)
U vAUU Az gz v C g zAiP
Pgt gz `D ' Vg PAz wAig
`AiQPAi' P r zg. (P.g.P-1:) dAi
`yP' (=PwAi) JAz UAxz Ai GRz.
(III-225) vAU gMUU Uz , AwAi
U , zv
As i g wz Pz C zv P w
JA Qw r gr g P. CAx AwPz dAi
iSl irgP JAz U vgvz. JAz
v AU g zAiP Pgtz D Q dAiVgg
JAz PUvz . CAv, dAi iS lP gVAz
Az JAz v. JAz Agz?
dAi P q r zQu vg U
wg q
r ZU P q dg rAi t g .
F tz U C Q q gz dAi qrU
Ci JA Az. P q r `wg q' q
zgz C Ciz zvP j. DzjAz
C F wgqq JAz Hzg, D H B
Ujvz . Ai wA i g E MAz e Az V,
`z v
' JA `MAPAz'z tP `dg z zAjAz
U l' JA Cxgu Pl, EAx t Gz
g UU EzjAz, `svP Dzsg'z
MAPAz dAi lg JAz Hzg. Vg gz
pP 61

JAz CUAi Pgt.

vAU s zz dAi ewAiAzP
ZU. giAitPxU AAz v
PzU, D Px eAzAiP CUtVgzAz
P g z j Az , dAi e E

i t zVv
. PAi e v
E P P z U

ZV gw. D zU jP. (zU I-3,
91, 104, 109 ; II-109, 152; III-18, 57, 95, 157,
227). GVz `ZAzs gt'z Pv dAi
E JAz zqsl, PgdiUPg e JAzP F
CA zz itUvz. Mn dAi
e Cr. DA izvAvAi Dv g AiU
Ug, zsz CiAiiz, Gzgs Ai
QAiiVzAz z.
PgdiU UAxZg : UAxz j z
F AzAi agAv (1) PU + gdiU,
(2) Pgdg + iU - JAz rzVgzg evU
(3) Pgd() + iU JAz rzVz. UAx
Pg Pv JAz g `Pgd + iU' JAz
`Pg + iU'P AAiiVz JAz, UA xz g v
zxU PArzg. Dzg Pg P v Pgz
q|| lgg UAxz g "The Path of Poets Laureate"
JAz EAV sAvjzg. PqP U `PiU',
`P i U ' JAz G Tz i Vz.
PgdiUzAi zz PgZ jwAi `iU'
JAz GzP zzAi gv JAi `gdiU'z
GR. UAx z Az PqAigU PV
jzg, `P's , `Pz s g PAU', `P A iU
zw', `P sP', `PgAv AVU', `U
62 PgdiU

Pgg ', `g
P A iUUv
iUAU', `P g'
EvAiiV Az GP Vgz PAqgvz . EzjAz,
dAi `Pgg' Cx `Pg' JAxz
`Pgd'g Gz v Pt UAx gz z
Vz. PU Pgg PPzg `iU' PU
ga PAz C DAi. F ``UA x zz iVAi
zvU z A idPV. D lPgz PV vgU w
Ai
zUUg Ujl Ez gavzz'' JA Ai
wAig iv, Ez CAi Az.
Ai : P q v ZjvAi PgdiUP MAz
v z z ; P q PiAAi t
U
A i MAz
z. E Jw Pt vgzP, UAxz
wvz Ai Ai jZAi CUv . Cz
F PU APV zz.
x
jZz : zzt tAi : (PAz g
z
z AS) AU zU (1-2) - gw x (3) - Pgg
x
, v AU s zg
Zg,
Zg (4-6) - `Cv
P wdg

'
t, Psz DPv, N g (7-10) - VzU v
tvU Pgt (11) - Z gZAi g (12-13) -
gPgtAz (14) - ivjg, Cg P sg (15-
17) - PvAi PAi, Aid (18-21) - P Pt ; Pjg
g ; jgsz;Uz, z ; UzPt (22-25) - Av Uz
PU (26) - (Pq) UzPxAi Pt (27) - PAi AiUv
(28) - Pq Uz PU (29) - z Pt (30) - Av PU
(31) - Pq z PU (31) - Pq (z) Pz PgU :
Zvt, zAq (33) ; CU Pt (34-35) - wgUq q
(36-37) - qg ret (38-40) - Pz UzU P
Pt
U , P qz
CU Cs (41-42) - Pz
, zguA i
DPv (43-45) - PqAU zPgtU : zAi CASvv,
pP 63

Ptez Cs, U qz CAiU (46-50) - AvU,

A vAi U , E U A iU AAzs z zs U
(51-57) - iQU Av Pq t zs (Cji
Zg) (58-61) - PwzU : vz, Cxz, wP,
PQ P; EP PU (62-67) ; FAAzsz Cz v
(68) - Evg PzU (Pt PAi v) : Aiw (70),
AiwsAU (72-74), Pqz Aiw AW Azsgv (75-76),
AiwAivv (77); Cx (78-80) ; gzx (81-83) ; gP
(84-85); AiixAR Pt (86), ZvAiixAR z (87-89);
v (90-91); bAzsA
U (92-94); A (95-96); gA
(98-100); Aiix (101-103); Ai, Ai, P, P, P,
z, - gz zU (105-110); gzzszU CAvv
(111); zguA i CUv (112) - PgP Evg zU
(113) : PgP - z, Cz: P (116), PPt Ai
(117) ; Z - z, Cz ; P (118) ; Zz
: Cz
v; evP Z, ASAi KPv AiAi ; KPv P ;
EP P (119-20); PgPAzg Zz C (121);
KPv Pz PgPzs, EzP P (122, 123, 124);
UgWzU
(126-129); ZA
i z, zs (132-
133); Pz

, zs (135-136); Czs gt AP zU

(138-142); GvQ UuUt (143-146) - wgAvg
gtP (149)
wAi jZz : APg ttAi : CAPgsz
z (1-2) ; APg gt Ai (3); Gav zz
AiU z (4) ; x AUv Zg (5) ; Pg
Av z
zz Az WPgAiiz zz AiUz zs, F AAzsz
`z' A
iUP
`iU' A iUP PU (6-8); QAii t
AiU Zg (9-12); x z A
iU Zg (13-14); wAii,
, Azs
sQ v
AiU XPgt
(15-14) ; AiP gQ
64 PgdiU

(25-26), `Ut' AiU Zg (27-29) ; Pqz z

CwAiv , Dg UAi U , CUU P U (30-45);
` z ' U C U tV, d V C A v Vg
`PAiUUv iUU' zz zQuvg iUgu
we (46-53) ; zQt iUz zszU, CU AiAiw
PAz DU GvgiU, zQu vg iUUvUz z Azs-
UtU P Pt P gt (54-86) ; GsAi iUU
NeUt PP zsPz z AiU Zg ; PPt
AizAU (87-110) ; zg (av) P PszU (112-
142); ` P ' Ai P s z U (143-152) ; j Z zAv
GAgzU (153-155).
vwAi jZz : CxAPg Pgt : `gtPAU'
Dz CxAPg szU CP z : wezU (2-5) ;
(PUq) ew gP CxAPgU gt (6-208);
P Pt
(209-217); `Dv
v AU s z'
A (218-
230); i P (231).
Aq UAx Ai z ZPn UAxz v
v U `g

FU Ugwz : PgdiU
DzUAx, DzPtUAx JA iv F Azsz v
A ivPz. F v AzVAi CzP MAz LwP v
Agz. Cz zAr sg Pt UAxUU Pqv
P Cz UAxVzg' Czg FV Ai sU
EUwv. evU, Cz vz Dz vAv z-U
UrPAq Cwjgz Pqz t.
LwP v : vAvg UAxs Uz, vvz
v vvz P q q rU g . CA v
A v w - EU g
w PgU
CqPV. Pvrz v ZjvAi Cev AiUz F
UAxsU g Q QgtU Rz E:
pP 65

1. Pq PU Uzz Avz, UzZg

Zz, ZAP Jzz, `UzPx' PgAv
(I-27) 2. Zvt - zA q JA zU P gU gqs Vz .
(I-33); zA q AiPUz CA gVg z. `Ug t '
(= Pgt) CA UlP. `Pgt PlP' t
G R (I-68), lPz Cvz HU P. 3. zAi
UdU `Uz z Ugvw w'Ai PUArzAv,
dAiiU `g gZ' (`zs P' = `P'
JAzg iUP) `PA vzz PPAzA' JPArz .
(I-29, 32) (F PU ZgP ntU r) 4. t,
Utj (Fv Aiig wAiz) gAit (`AiP'z
z jg Pgz) sg, Pz, iW
Av Uz z PU P qr Arv PP javgVz,
P q vz tUAi s gvqVzg. (I-
26-31) 5. P qr d `P vzzz AiA PAiU
jtvwU'; `vAv rAig etg'; etgzg
Pq, PwU `CU tz vtq v
q itz rzz
PwUA Pq rg' (I-38, 39, 40) : EzjAz, Pq qg
d Pe , zAiv, P x E P q
v .
6. `z PA PP PtA vvA' JA z z iwAz
(I-48), RV UPz AUwUAzg : (i) Pq
P g g A i Az g qs Vv . (ii) z
U q Av . (F CA y A iUU
UA xz ) , (iii) P qz Avs zU zU CPVz
`PqAU' zAiVz, (iv) `DUg'
(PPt CjAizg) PgZU PPwzg.
F z U e v U ` gtP U ',
`P s g A i U A U A ', ` P g Z U A ',
`g Pz s g PAU', `gtP A iUAU', `gt
66 PgdiU

PsAiU zuzAiA' Ev AiUU

PgdiU PiuzUz er e
UgvUAw.
a Pq Pt vz UU EAxz AUP
UA xz zgPz
. Uz PxA i U `agAvZAiP',
Av Pq gAz `Cz ' JA
`DU Pz Uv iU', RAq
gj AiwAi
jz `ZAig', `', `P PU ' ,
`gtPAU' Ev GQU PAv P q PPt
Pg z ZAig Eg PAzg PqU Pzgw.
Dzg , ``Cj g P Aii zg wz P P t
tAzg, Av P vU
A
iAv Pt ZV g
P qz Eg. Pqz Ndg Cg zgVg ``(I-
42) JA PAz Pq PPtdg PtUAxU
B EgAz HPUvz. EgAz
Ai wAig Ai. (P.g.i. P-1, .
116) Pgz `ZAig' (Pg Av
PPt P rUg DVz, P q PP Cz C
P qP z zsU
wwz gA z U zg,
EUA i GQU gzss jgUz.
Utz, zQuvg iU, CAPg - F sUU Pt
gt AAzsz E ZAig iv
AzU (Gz., I-71, II-62, III-5) Av PtPgAz
UP. svxV, PgdiU Dzsj CzQAv
Az Pq PP AAzslAv Pt UAx Az Ev
E JAz RavV Uzg , Uz z P P
QgzjAz Pq PP z P PtU
AAzsz `ZAi'g iv AgzjAz Pq
PA AAiiz Pt gA gA iAz A iv Ag PAz
pP 67

Hzg vUz.
PgdiUz giAit PxU AAzsl P
PzU. (II-38, 40, 89, 91, 96, 124, 125, 127,
130; III - 189, 190, 194). CU egiAit
A z Ai z P g U A i Az , Ai i z
e g i AitAz D z U PgdiU Pg
GzjgPAz zAg Hzg. F PzU
UA xPv Az gavz v A v Pz U A z v P
R z F A z P A i wz . ( r :
`PgdiUz giAit z U '; P... wP , rAg
1966) sgvPx U gv nPAi AAzsz P
zU EAiA HAi Ez. U H z U
i t (II-14, II-36 z U ntU r). zArAi
P z U
CzU
l, Gz P z U

zArAi
z wAi Cj, dAi v B gagA z z.
zznU, CPUAz C P zU Pjz
JAz Z UAxz (Dzg, F UU AUv
.JA. .Aig CAi gAiiVz. F CA Zg)23
DzjAz, PgdiUz P z U Dzsgz CzQAv
Az MAz PAz EvAz zs.
AUv APtAig PgdiUQAv Az zg
U A x g Z i rg z A H A i Al ,
PgdiUz GPgz zAi UdU
zgVgz JA Az Przg. F UU
vAi Aiiz E.
dAi UAxgAsz v Pgtz Arv
(I-6) JAz agzz, PgPz Ev PqP
U z Pg t
ZgU
z. CPg, Z, VwP,
w Avz P q z ewU g z. `Zgg '
68 PgdiU

AiwAi P Azs GTz. EUAz,

PgdiUQAv Az P qz bAzUA x Pg t UA x
EzA z Uzg P q bAz z eq P q
Pg t z wAi Arv iU nU gUArzA z
r.
EzgU , v ZjvA i zAz PgdiU UA xP
Ag Cx Pz LwP R Pjv
gzv. vAU Pz v vv z P ZjwP
CAU UAxz P zUAz HzVz.
(Gz.III, 129-130, 144-152). F Az vjz
ZjwP U E gPz. v AU PP PulP
id `PjAz UzjgA ' `E' q JAzUz
`Ez' q JAz nU zU Z Ai, QAi
CjAiUz z Aiz `P qAU', P qP AAzs l A v
zQuvg iU tAi, Ul `U q'z GR,
EU DzsgAz CA Pq rAi q Mn
zUnvAz wAiPVz. Pq qg rAi
x Pjv dAi Ci z ivU Drz.
(I 36-42, 46; 48;II, 101-110). Dzg z
sA iUAz Prz Cev iUP gZ U
vP P Pt
z `iU' ng Az Ptvz. Cz Pz
Ai dAiU CU wAi DA i Arvz
g rz vAUU vz.
PgdiU PVgz Pt UA xVzg Pq Ptl
Dgzg P id gz MAz aP EtPl
Pvz . DV u zs j (I-65), DU gdu
qz P e vU evU AR, z, P, ZP
zUU idzz i (I-105), z g
(I-120-134), EU UAxzz. `Ugg' Q
pP 69

Jgq g Pq (Gz., I-49-132) Az. idz

Eg i z UU Ai wA ig Azs Ai
U P . (P .g.i U P - 1; . 61-63)
``P
g Az U jq g Zg A zs A''
JA CA gdeUz sAi jAi Dz
(III-176) EAU CgtAi. DU ArvUzAi
dizAi Pq PzU evU Uz (Pv)
PA iz Av Ptvz . PwA iav geavU z q PU

GR C gv; EU Cgg `PAzPQq' (=FV
, U DlUAxz) DqwzgAz U. (I-
99) `Ugt'. AiPz gz Az CAz
dig grAiz UlP awz (I-68).
vAU gdz P q `JqvqU' g (zjUg) w
wU t AitUg wv . Ml , AvjAz
DU gd,s P q, Av v P v sU PU
zAg DPwg Pzg v AU gd PgdiU
gZAiiz Ai AwPUAz PrgP.

zQuvg iU
zAg
AiP JqP
ng PgdiU AAAiiz
vqQ U EzAz. PgdiUz 2Ai jZzz
PUtU jU iUPg Ezg irz. F
Pgtz sU zArAi Pzz iUsUz
wvz Ai Cjz. zAr zQt iU GvgiU
JA ivU PavVAi, CP gAiV Cz Cxz
zsiU UqiU JA ivU VAi z.
F iUZgz dAi zArAi Jg nU Cjz JA
CA 2Ai jZzz vvAAzsz zU CU
ntU (II-47 jAz 100) jzjAz Pq vz .
70 PgdiU

(P

Pz

U
zArAi Cj `Pw UtAUgz'
K vU gz. iUzAi sz GTzAi
gv, j UfU V).24 dAi zArAi CPgB
Czi r CP Ai lnz g, Pqz iUszv
E JA zP CPgwg. dAi zArAi iUzAi
Pt guAi C Azsz, s
P
QsQUA
GQjwU
Uq zsiUUU
(Uq = P = Gvg;z
s = s = zQt) Ai zUtU
Dzsgs v; E PUzjAz F Ut - iU Z APg
Pgtz iU Arz. PQ sQU RV
DyPUVz CxAPgUU AAzslzjAz, zArPz
iUsz PU PQ sQ PgU `P' Pl irg
dAi Aiv sPjAiiVzAiAz vg. KPAzg, C
iUzAiP Png P U
D GQ P gU
U x zgP .
Uq zsUA sz zAz iUPg .
DzjAz, F iUs z
P qP C
U Uq z
s UA
zZPU


wAiiV Pl* P zQu

vg
iUAz GzP

jv U Oav vjz. dAi PPU Pq
sAi U P Ai Avz s zUU
APnU ju UZg
Vzzj
Az, PgZ
U PlV
AAzsl `Ut'U PqP Cr zU C

gz; C Pz v C PP A PA
iU
zwAi iUszUt Ev E, Cz Uzg Eg ;
zArAij AzsUv Ut gu iq P A
PUU C PvAi `iU' PzAz MP P.

* U s C F i v U
GAiVz. (r : nt lz Crnt 25)
pP 71

E, Pq PzwAi zQuvg iUsz Ev E

JAz zg Zg iqz. zUtUU AAzslAv
iUsz PAi Aiz dAi AtV zArAi
CjzAi ; C Pq PU P zArAi PU
CzU
. Ez
v; Aii CPU
Az vUz
PAq,
CPU Cv U DzsgU zgQ. Vg, dAi
Pz P q PzwAi g wAig dAi Pq
PzwAigz iUsz t iqwzAz
wAiz vUvz. F Az azAv, Pq PUU C
iU QvjwzA z wAiz zs . C F iUzAi
P zArAi CguAz AAzsg MAz Cav.
Dzg, PqP iv AAzslAv P QAiizU ZgV
`iUPg' dAi irg iUZ `P q P iAU
C vA vz PqU' JAzg vUz (r: z U II -102jAz
110 v CU nt ) `v
A v' JAzzjAz C E zArAi
Cj JAz CAi. C xAi, Dzgt
Ai JAz.
Pq iUsz Zgz PgdiUPg PU
sm
P
A P D Di (zQt
iUZP) i (Gvg iUZP)
JA U iUs zP Gzgu
U

A
z gz Dzsg
VlP
Aq P qz
zQu

vg
iUvA
z x

vB zg

Dg.gW xgAig. vV
sAz Gvg
i U v s
Az zQt iU GAmzAz Cg z. (r : `Pg u


Adj', Zvx, l 35-66). iUPg U
Zg iqgzjAz Czg Zg U E CPv.
102Ai z z `' Ev A iUU

`'Pg A iUgzjAz
zQtiU v
sAz DzzAz gW
xgAig z. Eg
zz gA CA Dg. gAZAig x
jwAi wgzjA25 R g sAiAz E D
Pgt Ea. (r: (1) Dg gAZAig
72 PgdiU

PZjv, Al IIg CvgtP, l 23-25, U (2) Cg History

of Kannada Language, l 121-128; (3) Pq Pr, x Al,
l 363-366). dAi `P qAU' G R irgzjAz FVAv
DU Pq sAi AvszUzAz MPz.26
dAi Pq P g zU AiU gU
v CA PiUz Egzz szU Ugw
AiPUgz. Cz dAi `' (U,
1-89) JA zQtiU ZP `UzAi' (2-210)
JA Gvgvg ZP AiVg, C szz U
Awv? zArAi CAzsPgtiqz, C iUsz PAi
P qP C j dAi vAvzAi Zg A
iv
aPzzg Cz sPjAiiVz JAz Aw.
vA vz : dAi v PgdiUz nU
zArAi Pz, P ZgU s
Cjz

. Dzg , C Cg Pt aP
Aq
Cjz, Av P Pt Pqz eAiiP
APA v zg v v A v zAi CWV
gz; v z. Pz U Zg
zAr Pzz gAi (PqAi) jZzz PAav

irz; s PAPgz Ai CzsAiz

Cz gVAi az. dAi F Zgz
s Cjzg, zPgt PqU ElP z
UAxgAszAi JwP Aq Oav vjz.
iv, PiAAi zd PgtP Eg
R D P P l rz. EzP EAz Pgt
Ev ; C PP z ggAiiVz, P qAU
QAi CjAi g z j n U z U
vAPArz . Av P vU
z Av P qP P PtUg;
z zU `iUP'P AQAiiUAwg. EAv
pP 73

jwAi P qz PitP zjAi PPA

W zAz dAi `gt PU AvvU v
iUUv
zAUA, aAw vzA PA A' Pl,
Cz gV wgz Pq PiAAi
t U U , P q Pgt itP z P q PwU,
C Qz szz CrAi. C zAi zz
iU. Pv zU jAiiz `Cz'
PU Pl zz tAiirgz Ai
PgtP Ai P Vz. Czg Ai P qP
AAzs l Av (1) Av zU PqzAU g
Zg (I, 61-57); (2) v z Cxz wP PQ
P - F zU vP Pq PUAz zrgz
(I, 63-66); v F zU U `Ug t
'z CPwg z;
(3) AiwsA U y P qP CwAiz RAq
Jwrgz (I, 75); (4) A z
Az s zAi `AU A PqA i gAUV '
U PvU PAz vgvz JAz rgz
(I, 98); (8) Pqz PgPz U As zAz
vP GzguUAz rgz (I, 116-117); (7)
ZAi A iUz As zz gu (I-121) ;
(8) Czs gu, AP EU P C i zAz vg
Cxjv F R zU dAi jg
jw Pq PgZA i PAUAiizg - EAU
PdP iUz PUz JAzg CwAiQAiiUgz .
PgtP PiAU AAzsz E JA
CA z q z F P g t
z; U `w' sU
gZ U F P g t Az wAizVzg DA i. zP g t z
F ZgU U Pq E PV, RavV,
g; AvPtPg CjAz C
74 PgdiU

v Vz. EzjAz P q PiAU dAi PqUAi

vAzg Cj GAmUz. CAiz,
PgdiUz dAi w s V gz x jZzz
- Czg V F zz Zg Ai ;
C dv, vAv Zgzsg, ggz E ; Pqz
frAi rz, v ssd AiVgz
E. Pqz DgU PqzP PgdiUz
iUz EAU Hfv JAz Pq z E. F
P g
t agAv iz Ptl AUi r A id
qAi AijU.
E zjAz UA xz Gzgq jZzU dAi
v v g JAz wAigz . APg guU
z JgqAi jZzz iUsz guAi
P gtz C vAv ZgAi Ez v
U zVz. iUzA iigV UtguA i irz
, UtUU ggv gz dAi vAv
P JAz U. (r: II, 98, 99-100 v
EU ntU
) `v APgz wAi P qP
vv A A ' JAz , Pq Pwzs Aiz Ul
C Ai irz. CxAPg P gtz (gA i
jZz), dAi Pt guU nU zArsg
Cjzg C E C vAv ZgQgt
P g . `DP APg ' P jv
`wgPPz' JAz gz, z APgz MAz
sz zAv JAz zAvAPgP xvB
PiAAi MAz P P q PPPAi
CAPgPApPU lPtAi tgz (r: z
153 v 143Ai z z nt), gzAPg
gU zArsg z Avg j CzP
pP 75

P Pngz, zAr g 35 CAPgU iU

36AizV `zsAPg' jzg P Pq
PiAAi zs vv z Dz v
P gz, Pvv
guAi dAi Av PtPg `QPQ'
Cjz Av Qv vrz J PUV.
E iv. zPgtz U U CAPg
P g t U Ai C Zz CP P z U AvV
ga, P q CAPg P P A ZP z PtPA i
z. EAv, dAi v `PtP' JAz
PgzPArgz (I-219) xPz.
Pq v Pz U PP
gavUg U
ig g v i U P PgdiUz
PtsU Pdz `Pr'Ai PsU `PU'Ai DV
s j.
UA x : PgdiU RV MAz UA x.
EAxzg vAvz CxgtAiv, s, gww
Avz PPtU jQ z v . U PPzg
Gv Pg AiiVv ; Pt UU CPU Az P U
JwP qz CU zs v. dAiU D z P g.
C zA rs g P U CP Pz
CAiv ; Dzg F AzAi agAv, CP
z U A Ai Ai U q w .
`P q z VU A gU A', `PtzAvAzA Pt
v PrUAiA', `MvAUgq A i zA i dghg zs U ',
`U A i UA g z ', `Pqq zAz UAiA
P qz', `v AiA Qj z UA v
UPA', `PgAz jq gZgA
zs A' JA Avz Ps
tz PAi
zAvPU PU iUz WAiitz
76 PgdiU

C PtU PPgUAv g Uv.

PgdiUP Az U iv A iUVg z
U q Jzz P A iUU Pg t Q A iU
Evg C gU Czg zgP v; sZjvAi
zAz E U27.
PgdiU ErAiiVAi zg rsUU
Cv UAx JAz v. UAxgAsz `gP
gPgg CPvPZggg JV PwAi' JA
dsA i PjPAi, Av P q PU j
g z , U A xzz P C ZAig ,
PU Mn iUz Pg V jUt gz
PUU PtPj U v It JA CA C
MPAqAvAi DVz. JAi PAoPV zg,
Pz guA i sUz Av `PAPg' Pv z
s
PU tU , zQu vg iUs z, CxAPg
P g
t F sUU
`Pz 'z DZAi zArAi C
Cjgz VAi Ez. Cjgz, PV
Cg PPtPU Cz. w Vg,
v gag UAxP vP AAzsz AvPU
g, Aii ZAijU v ItAi
D zArsg gU MAiizg Aigz
fUz AUwAi? `UuzAi', `gU t ' JAz
vAU sz uU vz `dAig zg'U
Ez AiU vAi? U zg , DvwU PAz
g zA JtPAi ? Cx, DAizv vAU sQ
Pgt? UA xz zAz PqA igU `g PZA z vA',
`JAz w A i zs A ', ` v AU z v P A',
`CwAizsQPA', vAUzzgz
iUUw', `CwAizsQiU', `zT
pP 77

zsgsAvWAzA', `CwAizsz
iUP ' JAz AvV, wg ZgU vAU
SvA Av s sQ A i z z. UA x `v AU
zv PgdiU' AzAv VAi Ez.
DAizvz gdU R PqPA KPP
GzAz vAU g g, v g AQ,
Dgv DPgU A xU
Pv U g U Gz PVAi
v UsQUV iUPg GPAqt? CAv,
UA x It MP z MAz PgdiU P q PUU
dAi QPlPUvz. Cx Pv Aiz
GzgwUV U vQz : `PgdiU'z
Ml z AS 536 (Q z l) ; EU ig
45 z U U s PAPg ig 230P zArAi
Pz DPgUAxU. JAz, ig Czsz
UAx AvgZ, Gzzsz iUPg PU
z B sAvg ir ; s , Zg , Pj v z
Dz zsnAi CZPmV gz. Pq Pz
Pt g zqAv jz; AP irg
zAsU GAl. ZgzjAz, z Ai
z AdU Az s avV EzUAi PArz;
Ez d , Cg. Pz U Cz iqU P
vA v z; Pz PU U v v
g z.
P Pq PAijz; wPgtzAi Av PzUU
Pgv. Pt z U, Pz U, Czirg
AzsU Pq C Cz JAz UzAv
AwPAi gz, A CzPjU AQAiz.
CPtAiAz vg Avs Zg Pq
(V III, 209-216; 218-221; 226-231) C
Arvt vAi gwzg , v rU CZUqz
78 PgdiU

gtU CU Z (Gz : I 15,, 38, 45, 112, 124,

149; II 4, 5, 28; III, 143-152;169; 173-181) CAx
gt U CP A Ai U vg vz. ``EVz
v P U z '' ( II -5) JA v i w A v A i
AiiUtV A zsavV rqz,
rqAi wgVz Gav zAiU e
`U' - dAi. ``Czz z PU U
vz AzAiAz J Az s U U'' JA
|| w.A.. Aig iwAi (s.P.., .442) `P
Az s U A
iizg Az' JA zs Ez Ez. PU
U rAz PqU A iizg P q gZ A i U
U Dz
vAPnz Jr. ``Av i U

u z PAzz z Cr U M Cx P P
DzP ng z GAl'' JA w.A.. Aig iwU, C
P qz gzU P CxPP JqU nz JA
iv Prz. ``PgdiUPg vAv ''Ai
aPArg Cg, ``Mn PgdiUz gtU
vVzAiAz M P'' JAz Ewg w Aiigzg
MP. v PgdiUz Ai MAz R iv ;
Oav EAz R. C `v A v 'Ai v Ai UtAzg,
Czg `trAi qAU'. E g e vU, F z
zrgAv vAv ZgiU Ez. OZjPV
Cz `vAUziU', `vAUZgP ', JAz
zgz wg d. Av PiUz Pt
P qP A w C gz v A v Zg P
Fa Pq PtPg Cjzg, P q P AvP
v Itsg J PqAiiUwv. PiAU
AAzsnzAi E, Pq q r d F Pjv
PgdiUPg vV U P qz rU r,
pP 79

v zjU wz P q nU CAAz EAg U

R PU PAz PU PAzz Azz VAgz
Ai iv. EAx zsR UAx Pjv
'Kavirajamarga is not a wonderful masterpiece in either matter or style'
JAz w AUv .JA. .Aig P i
izAqAz Pt UAxz i CAi gl, v
e A
i jAiiV AiVA z PUvz.
``P qs Ai CAvv gAiz, Av Dz U CUv

vtPjz, A PUU Pt P j
U iUz irz
UA x PgdiU. Czg Pt U Av zVzg ,
PU Ag P q gZ U

U PUU z . Pqz
PiAU PgdiUPg DzZAi'' JA q||
P.PwAig iwU, ``Pgd iU... Cz
zAz vA vAzz CA P q q rU g,
vw, PUU gdiU vg vP Zg
u JAUAz v A v z v A i i t UA xVz''
JA q|| gA.. AUAig iv erPAqg UA xz
Aixxz Ai CjUvz. vz, PgdiU
Pgv; P UA x; Dzg, v EwwAi Cz
azAx Pw. az Cg Av PtP jU jzg,
Gz Cg A v UPAi D. lAP wAiiV dAiz .
tz MAz Pz v AU w av zg, EAz Ai
dAi Pwavz. gdz z dAiiAQv t
PgdiU. F Zgz JAzg, RV PgdiUz
Pvv Zgz FgV CvwAi AzjPAq
Uz dz PwPgU CAi irzAv. `v AU
PgdiU' Jz U CsV Vz. Ezg
`dAi PgdiU' Jt. F v Aqzg
Pv AzP v E; PgdiUz Pv dAi
80 PgdiU

JAz
z zAg Pq j
Az MAz
xP
aAi Pwzg;
F AzP Cz CP Aiwz C.

* * * * *

o jgt Zgz Pzz az E.

F AAzsz
oAvgU
CAzsz
iv gz.
jgt PAi J AiV UP Cg nU
V JAzg tz Cj Vz. CzP R Pgt,
wU zgPzz; CU zgQP
CUvz A iv iq. UA
x zs z U
gP vgP JA DvgAzV. wU Aig
AU OzAiAz vV Az Az CU
Aid AzPU zgQPq Pi qPAz
F P yPv. ojgt AAzsz
PAzPgvU Evg zU A DwAi
guAiiUAv Aiw zsU U zAigz
zAg v Cz ZU r, GPg
iqPAz rPv.
P v z t z Az PAi n Uzg
GAiPV jtzg zAg j CzP
zsg; CjU PvdvAi uU .

AUg JA.. vgAi

12-2-1968
 81

pPAi ntU
1. g P
lg gV ZAzAz AizPzgAz Fa
AAi G RU v
. `gr' U P JAz q|| .
Gvg zAz AzgAz q|| m. gPlg fAi
MAz P JAz P.. oP. F PU Az gP
lg vB
vUg , E gdvg E g g JA CAiU
lv. J.J. CPgg
PAiAv gPlg lPrUg.
Pgq
Azg
1Ai PP `gl' JAz g
UArz.
`l ()g ggg' JA z GRAz, l
=gl JAz HVz. `glg Pq' = gPl JAz
Ai wg H. gPl = qUq: .. z.
2. IIAi CW avz
U (P, . 859, Q.. 927)
``...Aiiz Pg gA AiA Rg, CjA
AiA zvA zAwU vvi zA'' JAz , F Az
P g, g , dUv A
U, CW

, z, EAzg, z, EAzg
E Pg - F zgU gU GT, ``Uj
gPmAiP'' JAz Vz.
(S.K.H., Vol. I., pp. 85-86)
3. CP zsU g P. Cg jAi `guP'
PAs. UAz gAi UA CAi Ez. Cz
Vzg, EgAzg - PP v EAz. zs UAzU
AigdlU
l

PAz
zU UAz Ai PV
D Ug gPjzAv Ad z GRz. Dzg,
lUnz Cx Plz l UU Z. Gzv
AiAi Dz UAz vAzAi guAvg jAit

82 PgdiU

Uw AwUz AAz Ajz JAzg

Az P. AdPg UAz UtAAi
GzAz Aiige
P P g
t
vng Av Ptvz
.
4. F CAi || Ai wAig M: gPl
idz gdzsAiiz `iSl' Ug (FV iSq
Cx Sq) vAUAz vvAz q|| lg
CAi: CVAv AzAi EzzP, vAU Ug JAz
z f jVAv A
s ZAzg
`P ivAq'z
G Rz. ``zAwzUUV UAz gV
gP l gdg
gdzs zsA zz gAi wgz D g
Az
gUjAi DVv; Cgg Cx UAzgd CgAi
g `s' JAzVv.'' JAz w, v vAU vAz
UAz qztUAzz `g' (Uj).
`iS l' JA j
Az gdzsAiV irPAqAz
U DzsgAz wAig tzg. vAU
PAz iSl gPl gdzs JAzAv Rav.
5. Eastern Chalukyas: D.C. Ganguli pp.57-64) (PgdiU P,
sU 1g Ai wAig GTg Dzsg).
vAU Q.. 814 jAz 880ggU DzAz C
l P AzU 13-14 U QjAiAz ZjvPgg
vz.
6. PgdiU : III - .110; 129-130; 144-152; 174-
181; 197; 204-206 (F z U


EU t nt
U



jj).
7. (i) ``gzgA aUA| gA Ai Pzvg zA ||
UgUg vAUAU -'' (..z., . 151g Gzgu).
(ii) ``Pj sz U tA P| j d AiAs ||
g u U v g P P l | Vj A a v v AU A ''
(PP 339).
pPAi ntU 83

(iii) ``PAiA UA A PiI wAiA vU

Zvs dA s dzAiizI vAizAiw vg P
A QwgAitA zAiUAi ZU ZvsdA UgqzsdA
II'' (PP 358)
(`QwgAi t' JAz 3 A i U Az g z .
P gd i U z `g gAi t' JAz v AU
gzVgz z. `Ugqzsd' Az gdgg gz. F
z UAz
Pjwz JAz Ai wA
i
g
CAi.
(PgdiU P-1; .34). v AU Pz
Azg

`QwgAit' JA gz PAqgzjAz, F zz
vAU QwvVgz JA HU CPz.)
(: PgdiU, . 3-174; UzAiz, 1-15)
Sakatayana, a Swetambara scholar wrote his Grammar
and a Vritti on it, at the court of Amoghavarsha. The
Viritti is named Amogha Vritti after the patron. Sakatayana,
in illustrating 'andyatanabhuta' tense, refers to the
conquest over Pandyas and ''the burning of enemies''
(CzzWgw) by CW. (S.K.H., Vol.
I, p.69).
Ptg z 34Ai Pz UzsU: ``v KA
s
v APAiizs s v x
v
Aii iS l
gdzs v Ai i v gv P w P
tAizAi Pg vzAPAi iv fAi
j AiPAi...'' (|| Ai wA
i
g
PgdiU
P -1, . 73g Gzv)
10. (i) ``iSl gdzsv Aii iv vgv
LP w P tAi z Ai P g q U v
sg
zeVAVg vA uA UzvB...''
(Cz).
84 PgdiU

(ii) ``glAzA UgqAbA... lgg ggA

v AU iAQv Q
s AzA ....
gdA ...
Ktv A lAi AiA Avg
A
w
... z
W


vAU iAQvA... AvgAU CAivgqi... wg
CwAizs


g
Az
z Az
W

z z
A
Pds
gA...''
(z P: Q.. 866, d 16. (I.A.,p.218-19 `vAU
vZg' - UAz ; P..., 12-4).
11. Ai ASAe gzgAvgsv|
vzAsd gdBAU Pl vUgvzwB||
Av AiWwB vzvA|
i f d sUvz dUAUi ||10||
(vAU vZg: UAz; P... 12-4)
12. G i w Ai `v v x v ' JA e z s U A x P
gZAig `dAizs' nPAi gzg ; Cg
20,000 PU iv gz t Azg ; fg
a
40,000 PU gz UA
x
gzg. D U,
CjU ig 85g Ai. (Jinasena II, author of Maha Purana,
wrote Jayadhavala Tika on the work of Virasena in S. 759 when
Amoghavarsa was ruling. - Dr. S. Srikantha Sastri : Sources of Karnataka
History) Cg Evg UA
xU : 1. z
s i gt. 2. fAzU
t
Aw 3. Dgt (Cx gt): Ez Cg PlPqA i
UAx. Ez gz V U ig 95g AiVz,
ig Q.. 848g gtAgz JAz HVz.
4. szAi P: Pz `Wzv'Az
`w gz aP P'; 4 UU; w UAv Uz
Vz: ``EvW gg gUg fZg
gav Wzv v s zAi... ``EzjAz, Pz' '
s v z z W | ``( IV-20) JA
DZ
Az `CW
'A gd Pz Ez gav.
pPAi ntU 85

Dv Ug `fZg' JA AUw wzgvz. UAz

Cg CAizAv, fg Ez v 40-45g Aiz,
ig Q.. 800g, JAzg vAU lP gzP 15
AZ, (JAzg vAU aP UVzU) gagP
JAz HVz. Cz, F Pz UAv Uz Q

Vg PAz
UAz Cg wizg. VgzjAz, F Pz
C W g z G RU i ts v A z
CAVPjz P. Cz F G RUAz v AU f jAz
ezs Pgi r, Cg zA
AUw gq.
13. ``zWt Ai vu||
zs PAvP zz AiB|
z vAU zsvAv A||''
(''Mahavira, the author of this Mathematical work, was the disciple of
zAz Az and the teacher to Amoghavarsha, Amoghavarsha
had the titles Deva, Nripatunga'' - Dr. S. Srikantha Sastry, Sources of
Karnataka History, p.71)
Ai wAig ``gZg vAU
Dz Ez ``JAz CAil'' zz AiB''
JA Pq ``zz Ai B'' JAz og PAz H,
ezs Vz JA Cx grzg. Ez
Zgt Aiz CA.
14. ''...It is variously attributed to Sankaracharya, Sankarananda, and a Svetambara
writer Vimala. But, the royal authorship of 'Ratnamala' is confirmed by a
Tibetan translation of it discovered by Schiefner in which the author is
represented to have been a King, and his Tibetan name, as re-translated
into Sanskrit by the same scholar, is Amoghodaya, which obviously stands
for Amoghavarsha. This work was composed between Saka 797-99; in the
former year Nripatunga abdicated in favour of his son Akalavarsha'',
(K.B. Pathak : (PgdiUz r, .9).
86 PgdiU

15. ``v AU 62
U gds g irz . P v gd

lAv C Avz gg vg iAiA UAxz
CAv PAz wAivz'' (P.P.Zjv - . Al, 1924; .
18)
''He has written in Sanskrit a small work called Prasnottaramala, of which
the concluding verse tells us that he voluntarily retired from the throne. It
may be of some interest to learn that Ugraditya, says at the close of work
that at the instance of this King he delivered at his court, in the presence
of many physicians and doctors, a discourse on the evils of a flesh diet and
on its avoidance in the presence of many physicians and doctors, a dis-
course on the evils of a flesh diet and on its avoidance in the treatment of
disease. Nripatunga was a Jaina King, a disciple of Jinasena, the author of
Adipurana.'' (History of Kannada Literature, 1940 ; p.2)
16. vg iPAi R P PU :
`tAiUg' zuAiz v w Jgq wU
oU Dzsjz: `P' v `R'. F Jgq wU PAi
P iv Jgqg

Vz. JgqP
i Vg PU


F PV U.
tv zsiA vg gviPA P |
Ugg AzA zA zA gA ||1||
PBR AQAiv zzx zs nAii|
PAovAii vg gviPAii ||2||
* * * * *
Ew PAoUv vg gviP Aii|
v Psgu C sAw zvie ||28||
`tAiUg' zuAiz P + R wU `P' wAi
PAi z :
gav vl Ugu gvi|
vgiAiA PAoUv PA sAiw ||29||
pPAi ntU 87

`R' wAi o:
PvPge geAiA gv iP
gavWt Aii zAPwB ||29||
(i) F UAx Pjv || UAz Cg wiU U
AUz:
(1) CzvZg, sQ,
w
Avz Aii P AUwU
Ezg E. Dz jAz Ez , AP gZg E
APgAzU g Pv
(2) `R' w Ai PqAi P (`PvvP. ..
zAPwB') iv C bAzz , Gz 28 DAiiv
bAz; `P' wAi (PqAi 29Aiz j) J PU
DAiivUV. DzjAz, bAz AiUz zAz `P'
w
Ai AUv PAq Az, Czg
g Pv
V
PAqgvz. (3) Jgq wUU iVg Aq (1,
2, 28) PU

Jq
A
i `

vg
' JA z vz
`vg i' JAz Ezg `gvi' JA z
zz GiAzV Cz AdVAi Ez. Dzg, `P'
wAi 29Ai (PAi) C Pz P `gviP'
Jz Ez, Rz z EVz. DzjAz `R' w
Ai
PAi z wAi Eggz. (4) 2-28 zU
`' zz

P v g

a, PAi z z

VAi
PArz. (5) vAU Q.. 875g CPU
lPn
v
zA
z oPg
gzP Dzsg. Q.. 877g
g zAv D EAigU vAU Dwz . (6)
wm sAvgz CWzAi CWAU
Pgt iqz z. CWzAi = CW
JAzz g , w m s Av g Q P w Ai
sAvgVgz.
DzjAz F PvAi Pv
`' ; v AU
... F `PvvP
ge' JA P LwP vx
vz
A z i tV
88 PgdiU

Mzg, EzjAz vAU ev

CAzAz
CxU; PAz v gds g
lA z EzAiz,
D PzAi DvU ezsAz DzzAz E (D
U, ig 80-82 Ai DvU Ez VP. FvVAv
z Cd zs
g
d AQ Ez Ez.) (v AU vZg
; P..., 12-4)
(ii) Ai wAig wi :
``F Jgq UAzV (g A. 85 v Pj
) Q.. 877 (.. 799)gAi vAU `PvP
gd'V. gegqsVAi Ez JAz zUwz.
EzjAz F vgiP JA vUAxAz Pvv
v AUAz Pa
V vPV Dv e wAi J
PAi iUvz'' (PgdiU P - 1, . 72)
17. PgdiU
x

V 1883gA i zd
g
U P vAzg

.J.ggg ('Early Kannada Authors' - JRAS, N.S., Vol. XX, pp
295-314) JAzV P..oPg D UAxz x ztz
rAi wzg. Dzg, J.F. lg, D Rz gg
JAi PgdiUz g Pq JwAz , oPg
F gzsgz G R 'Slovenly' CP z v CeUgP)
JAz Pgzg ! (Ind. Ant. XXXIII)
18. ``.... Ez wPAiAi Evg wPUAi (JAzg, PulP
v jvwP v z PulP - A.) PgdiUz
Pv. AiV CP UzU q. F Aizz
C
Q V
. i gAit gdgvg
F Aizz V C DAizsU dzg.
Dzg EzjAz P rUjU AidzAv Pt. F
zz UuUtU Zgiq E CP ; E
iv z ; ez vAU tg sUvAi -
`Aiv AiUgB P Aiv x zs
zs
gB | vv dAi
pPAi ntU 89

swzs ww||' JA Pz GPz P

zU


vU
gzUV irP
PvAiizzP Pgt
UZgU. dAi JA gz vAUU GAmAz
vjzP i gdgvg g dAiP|Aiig
gAUAi gz g gA| sgAzU Pi|
g z jAi z A g v z ||' JA z
Gzjzg. (jvwP, d 1923). F zz dAi
JA gz E. g JAz Pv. dAi JAzg Cd.
g Q Cd P g gAU A i g g z g ,
Aiiv JAz F zz Cx'' (PZjv: wz
zt 1924; CvgtP, . 20)
19. ''These passages establish Nripatunga's Clims to authorship beyond dis-
pute''. ( K.B. Pathak : P gd i U z pP ) . III-230,
III -225 F zU GRU Pjv : ''These facts prove
that Nripatunga composed the present work''.
20. ''... all the various allusions to the method, style opinions and teaching of
Nripatunga. Atisayadhavala, etc., have, of course, tobe interpreted in
accordance with any specific information that we can find else where.
And, in the colophons, we have the plainest possible intimation that the
author of the work was at any rate not Nripatunga. And the colophons
explain, in the clearest manner, the real nature of the various references
in the body of the work to the method, style, opinions and teachings of
Nripatunga etc.'' (Dr. Fleet: Ind. Ant. Vol XXXIII) (E MAz AUwAi
Uz: lg `Pg' Pzg, vAUP gP
Cg rg w z vg
Vz. DzjAz PgdiU
v AUP v. CP
Pv JAz jU Cz A idPg

Uz - A.)
21. ``PgdiUz wAi jZzz zU 28-30-43 EUU
w Ez. z 28g wAz CA Az P
UzjAz
90 PgdiU

D z Czg wAi E PqVz.. w : `Pq

PvAiA u ti A A
Pgz
wAi
(z) AZA vAUz vA A'
F w A i Ai i g g g , Ez j Az z v U
v zAAzg PvPv
s Azg vAUzAz, D
vAU PgdiU ggAz CU v
qzAz. Az g JqAi g A
iUAz F
CA E zqsUvz.
(``U zx
A...'' JAz zU II-5 Ai z ) ``dAi
AiUA''
``SPg F z Gzj Cz dAi
AiUAz PggzjAz PgdiU gz
dAiAA v
zqsq
vz. ... 28Ai z
GzjzAi. C PvP v s JAzP SPg
v AUz A z Sg z

gz. E dAiAz
z. PvPvs, vAUz, dAi JAU
MU Ez gAiU. dAi g JA wP A
i
Ez g iqz. Pgd PU j
Azsz vAU g z dAi g
gzjAz E g g PU gVgPAz Pg
C A i n g z A rv g g . dAi
vAUzA z F SPg gt U Az Vz.
Pgd dAi g gzjAz Cz vAU
gAz zsjP. F Jgq gU MU EzzjAz
vAU JAzg dAi PgdiUz Pv Az
zsjP P. PgdiUz zPU j
Az
s z dAi g

AgzjAz PgdiU
gz dAi v g PU UAU j zz
C AiPUgzA
DP u vg

V. vAU DV
pPAi ntU 91

Pz iz PAiiVz. Jg ivU vVz

gdP v g PU tAi j zzjAz Aii
vAi E. CAPg E, v v UP
PU DvWVAv Ez CPV. DzjAz Pgd
C U AZ Ez z U A jz dAi
vAUz'': || r.P. g, `tztz
oAvgU' (1951) (.41-44)
22. ``vx Pz CAVQAiv GvgiUUB PgB

B, zQtiUAii gA
VPgv. `J' P w
zQuvB Pd Ew. zQu vg iUsz AiU
Zvj AZ vAU UAx z Ew'' - ,
288Ai vz S; . 263.
23. ''It is apparently thought that no quotations from previous literature are to
be found in this work (Preface, p.22) the quotations under Prasa, etc.,
being interpolations (foot note, p. 22) But it has to be noticed that one
merit in Kannada Lakshnagranthas is a careful and meticulous use of
quotations from older writers by way of illustrations to rules and
'Nripatunga', whoever he is, is no exception'' (Q.J.M.S., Vol.XXIII, No.3,
pp.438-39). (F Gzgtz zg lAS z
zt Pjvz. - A.)
24. `E AivA zQtzw PgdiUz UA v
AiAi wAi jUZ iUz ZgvA ||'
(PP, .124), `E (JAzg F v UtU) zQt
zz w (JAzg grAiiVg) Pg iUz
Aiv V PAqgv ; C U Ai Ai AiU
Gvg

i Uz V AiiUv
' . Ez z z vvAi.
E PPPg `zQt zw PgdiU', `GZ
iU' JA 125Ai vz
`z
s Uqi U' JAz
r
z. `zQt zw PgdiU' JA iwU `zQt
92 PgdiU

zz
Z
gVg P g PiU' JAz Cxiq P.
DzjAz ``.... E AivA zQtzw PgdiUz
U
A' JAgzjAz (U ) `PgdiU' UA Kx


Ng z av U v z ' ' JAz q|| P .P wU
CAingzP (`Pqz Pvv', . 42) U
F GQ DzsgUgz. EzjAz, C PgdiU
Ngg JAz CAi. D CAi y
F GQ DzsgUgz; gAi DzsgU qPP.
|| w.A.. Aig Z Pq q|| PwAig
C Ai Azg .(s .P.., . xxii, wz r).
|| Dg. gAZAig ''The context clearly shows that the
expression Kavirajamarga does not refer to any work of that name ; but
that it smiply means the path of excellent poets'' JAz

V wzg.
(PP, wAi zt . xxxii)-
25. ``P qz zQu

vg
iUUU AA Ai PgdiUz
MAz MAz Pq zgAivz. CzzAzg, QAiU A,
vjA Ev gU

zQtiUz PU
CP wAiiV
qA, vjA Ev gU GvgiUz PU
AiVvg JAz. KAZ ixPz P g
QAiU
MAz Gvg

i UzAi vA z zQt
iUzA
i
V PAigz F iUUU szPUtAz
s
vv. v AU Pz MAz F s z Eg
z.
Dzg FZAi UAxU QAiU gzAi zgAivz.
GvgiUz vAU PAi Pg `' Pg z
QAiig PAi. vV `'Pg. DzzjAz
Gvg
iU vV AP
Az nv JAz tz
z j. vV FU `' Pgzg MAzAz
Pz Cz Egz JA HU zsPz UgvU
U Ptv...'' JAz iUsz Zgz U
pPAi ntU 93

smP
APg vU w Dg. gAZgg v z
U Vzg; ``EzgU irz ZgAz Pqz
z Q u v g i U U Al ; C P i x P z
gQAiUAi Gvg, g UAi
Cvg AiVz szPUt - JAz svv.
F szP vU vUU PgtAz Dzsg.
DzzjAz CvVAi CRVAi Eg sz
DzsgVlP
Aq zQuvg iUUUV FU gqz
C AidPjAi'' (P Zjv, Al 2g Cvgt P
. 23-25)
26. ``...Pq vU v - F g MAz sAz
nzzjAz vU vU APAz Gvg zQt
iUszAmvA z Pzz. AzAi
zAv zg
Az zA i Avs zvA z V
MPz. D v EAxz JAz zs jzP
Aiwz PvwAi P AiAz vgvz. '' (Pq
Pr, x Al, . 365).
27. U (1-58); GA, H (1-63), GAv (3-105): CAi,
CPQAi (1-85, 87); CzgAi (1-87); U
(=q) (1-89); F vv, Jg
v (1-101, 114); qA
(1-122), Pz
j
A (2-14); gz, UAiiz, vq z, C,
Cnz (1-128); Aii (=Aii) (1-130); M
(2-145), UtAU (3-12), v 2-17, 18g EAx
AiUU ; C (2-148); Qj (3-144).
Aq AiUU PU UU .JA. . Cg CAi
U.
28. making a syllable long when
it should be short. These are : UAiiz for UAiz, C for
C, Cnz for Cnz, gz (the true reading which
94 PgdiU

satisfies the metre) for gz (which is the corrupt reading apparently

corrected by a copyist), vqz for vqz. These especially the
negative forms of the verb, are taken even by the author of Kavirajamarga
as errors, and as objectionable, when really the negative froms were the
older froms found in inscriptions and nearer the Tamil froms which still
persist to our own days. The oldler forms in the accusative is noted by
kesiraja : Sutra 118 example : vv
z

A v QA. (Nripatunga
himself in II-15, 16, 17, 362, See also II - 104, p 54)
(362 z A S vV CZVg U Ptvz . Gz zg
zt
zg
Av - A.) A Curious trace of this is preserved in Kesiraja:
Sutra 61, Parishad pp. 48-49. Uqg Cz, Eg Cz,
Egz, Egz,'' (Q.J.M.S., Vol. XXIII New Series no. 3; p. 439)
(I-128Ai zAAzsV ntAi r : F z
Ugz

P Gzgu
A iiVgz, dV WzP Gzgu

JA H jAiiVg PP W DPg zsvP
(gz Ev) Q A i i g U P gd i U Pg U
vAzUvz. - A)

* * * *
 95

j
PgdiUz PAiiVg bAz U

1. bAz U ASg

jZz I : Ml zAS : 150-PAz 110 ; v 36 ; VwP4

jZz II : Ml zAS : 155-PAz 96 ; v 15 ; VwP
16 ; P 28
jZz III : Ml zAS : 231-PAz 207 ; v 20 ; VwP
4 (zg wAi iv EzAiAz z
MAz PAz qVz.)
CP o : PAz 5
UA
xz Ml zA
S : 536 + 5. EU, PAz 421 + 5; v
71; P 28; VwP 24.

2. tvU g

(1) ZAP
i : dsd
dAdgA UU
wg
ZAP
i AiAzg
.
I - 115,116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 149 ;
II - 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 : Ml 15.
(2) Gvi : GviAiz sgAssAgUA Ug.
I- 113, 114, 117, 118, 119 ; II - 99, 100, 101,
102, 103, 155; Ml 11.
(3) zvAv: zvAv sA sgA.
96 PgdiU

I - 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, ;

III - 218, 219 : Ml 10.
(4) t()st: Cztst gsAsgA.
I - 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134 ; III : 220,
224 : Ml 9.
(5) i: AiAiUtAU ivPA.
II-154 ; III-209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
216 : Ml 9.
(6) AU: sd dAdUAgz AUA.
I - 130, 133, 135, 136 ; III - 221, 222: Ml 6.
(7) v : dAAiA gg vPA.
III - 226, 227, 228, 229 : Ml 4.
(8) vU : Ez Czs
v. Ezg zU

g
A i UtU
,
zU ddgUtU MAz Ug g.
I - 147, 148; III - 230 : Ml 3.
(9) vsQrv : sgA A AiAUA UU vs
QrvA.
- 150 ; III - 241 : Ml 2.
I
(10) zQrv : Pu
dAvvAvUi z
QrvA.
II - 142 : 1.
(11) gv : gvg gAUA.
I - 140 : 1.
(12) (C) P : II - 112 jAz 136 ; 139 jAz 141 :
Ml 28.
Avz C Pz (8 + 8 = 16) g CPgU
Jgq zU . iUPg Ez P qz eAiiP A
D

, 8 CPgU z M
Aifgz
UP.
j 97

3. iv v

PAz : Ml 413+5 (PAzz

s
V Ugw zzjAz
jZz - zASUtV C E z. Ml z
A S Ai . 4-5g P A z z U g z U .)
Pt: ``ZvivUt MAz gAi zU g g,
Jgq Ai zU Lzz EgP. Ezg gvgzsU
(1-3-5-7Ai) U

zs U g (U-U) UtU gP
qz .
DgA
i z
(U-U) `d' UtU W (U U U U) UtU
Az z z Az Aiw EgP.'' PgdiUPg
PAzz
P Aiw Ai z. (r : I-77). A ZA
PU

vU

PV
Av PAzP a
zs AgzP iUPg
AQAi PgtVgz?

4. P q bAz : VwP

U Pg VwPAi Pt :
2
Jgq | A | ASAi | (?)
6
g z | s | z | Z vgA |
2
g A | zt | zA A |
6
wg PgA | VwP | Av | PA T |
(i) F z z UU P q PrAi nt : ``JgqA
i zz
`g
zqU

A' JAz gA
i zz
`M VvUt
A'
`VwPUUtPA' JAz oAvgU. Ez U rzg :-
98 PgdiU

2 6
| | g || | | | g ||
2 6
| | g || | | | . (g?) :
KUtz Jgq z iv, Ai Utz M, PqA
i
gz, P Pq , (gzgAiUt), 2, 6g JAz z?
VwP JAzjAz AUv AAAiiVgz ?''
(ii) VwPAi Pjv q|| r.J. PQAig v `bAzP'z
(. 151-152), ``VwPAi Pt V gn. Czg
UtAidAi RavVzAv vg'' JAz , U
P t g u A i , C A z a, dAi Qw v
`bAz'z VwPAi Pt U wAirzg:
``dAiQwAi VwPAi Pt
z MA gU

Pt
d. Dzg CAi Aiz AtV P. VwPAi
w Czsz 2 Ai v 6Ai UtU UtUVgPAz Gz
UtU AiP APAiiUAv Cx gzUtUVgPAz
C CAiqv.''
E PgdiUz (24) VwPU P j qV,
w
Jgq zU MAzAz WlPz
A
i K Utz Ai
V UZgP gvz. (UtAS agz GAl. Gz. III-
223). iV UtU gAiV CAiv U
Cx gzU
t
AiUVgz PAqgvz
. Gzgu
A
iiV
UA
xz
v z PtU
VwPAi Pt
jz:
-U- - - - - - U -
Pt | UAiA v | ( ?) zA |
-U - - - - --U - U U -
PtzA | vAzA P |t | PrUAiA ||
- UU - U U - U U -
tU | zz | jA |
j 99

-U U - UU -U U -U -
etj | | z | PA |
( | | g || | | g || | | g || | | | ||)
`VwP' q l JAz zg, PgdiUz Pz,
Pz Jz Pz qPUAv UtAidAiAi
AizA
i vA
vUw
Ai EgPAz Ptvz. Aq z z
z zP U g iqz.
-U - - - -U - U -
Pt | UAiA | v | zA ||
| | | ||
F Aiz
VvUt zVAv Z AzsgVz AiAz
tP.
EAz VwPAi (II-143) zs.
UUU- - U U U-
CUvA | | PU |
U U- - - - - - U - U -
A | A | z | gQAi || Uv -
| | || | | | ||
PgdiUz VwPU AiUz PAqg U
AUw JAzg, PU PU (II, 114-152) gvrzg,
V MAz P g u
Avz
GA
g PVAi, PavV
PguAi we PVAi VwPAi gz PAqgvz.
VwP Ai b Az V wAi z Pgt , VwP U
oz U
bAz
Dzsgz Ugw, o jgt
iqz
PzsAz P.
(I-130, 135, 136, 140 ; II -142 ; III - 220, 221,
224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231 - F vU gU Pt
Aii bAzUAxz
A
i zgP
A
z zg zt
z AzPg

AAzs
l
z U
Crnt
U


wgvg. MAzgq
vU

z
100 PgdiU

jAiiVg. F vU

U Utg Q PAPV jV,
E U g U P t P q P rAiA i z g v .
F AzszAi, I-147g v I-148g 2Ai, 4Ai zU
Cxw
wAi zAz F z irz wzl bAz
zAz
z tV PAqAv. F AAzsz
gwzlU
z z
wPAi Ptz. F izPV PVz. F Jgq zU
Bjgt
z PqU U
z
z , `P q r' Ai P l
Vz,
FZU U Az `PgdiUz Jgq vU' JA R,
P.. vg PAi Cgz - A.)

* * * *
 101

AQU

Gz. Gzgu
G.... GAii zAi
P.P. P q PAPg
P.P Pq Pr
P.Z. P Zjv
P..Z. Pq v Zjv
P....; jvwP Pq (PulP) v jvwP
P.(g.) (iU) P PgdiU P
P. P
P
PA. PAPg
Q.. Q
P
UzAi.A. UzAiz AU
v. vz
zs. zsv
. z
. l
.. x zt
s.P.. sgwAi P iA
.. zg zt
iUPg PgdiUPg (=dAi)
. P
..z. tz
t
102 PgdiU

.
A. ( Az s g ) A z P ;
Al; Av
. ig
. v
Gr.K.L. Grammar of Kannada Language
I.A.; Ind.Ant. Indian Antiquary
P.,PP. Page, Pages
Q.J.M.S. Quarterly Journal of the Mythic
Society
S.K.H. Sources of Karnataka History

(.. - tztz vASU Pq v jw

ztz v ASP Cj)
 103

v AUz v
dAiPv
PgdiUA

x jZzA
 105

PgdiUA
x jZzA

vgzPs
evzw PAqlzAwg A
w U


wgAvgzg vAUA 1

PvP vw
vPz ggAit
wAizs A V
UvQ vv vzAiA 2

zu zsg
gav Zvggag zgZ agA
z gw A
sz U Pv z 3

giAPgav
gZU Uig zzgz
gP g P
ggV PwAiPvPZggg 4

vz s q
vvA Psg AiUAUA
Pvj ZAi
wAizs s zg g 5
106 PgdiU

Pgt PlP
PP AiizAPwUA
P zP
PwAi UgA UvA 6

UP UtAU
Utv dewdv sU AzA
UAwg gg
UZ w UA dA 7

Utz zzA
Utz vU
v PwdA
vtWAi
tAiA wAi UU 8

CzA giU P
z z PgZUA vA
z PAUz
zz etA qAUP PwAi 9

dd zA
vqAiz PA UgzP
A
qAizA P
qz VU gUA 10

wsv
PvP
ZvgvAiA gzsdA
v
jZAiA vPA
wwAiA VzU v tvAi 11
x jZzA 107

jz U A
vU UjAi gZAiA
A vV v
A Pzgg PAizgA 12

UUz P zsg
Ug zAiz v tgA
U ZgZ
UA sqz AwsA 13

z g ivU
Ug PwAiqA Uz U
zs
Aix Z
A

vUVAiav PvgvAiA 14

PvAv g UAiA
v g U A ivA
Qz jzx

vvAzA tA 15

rAiA bAzzAg
vqZ vvAzA etA
vqAiz zsPwU
qjvjAzA A 16

ivg PgdU
wvUv dgU ivg
wzg Pv
wAivg Pg g PsP 17
108 PgdiU

z tz v
gzvPgz Rz zB
SvzAzU
i g Pzsg PAU 18

QP Pg
PszAi g BAiA
PlPA v
P P AiU zzwAi 19

CPv vg x
zs zsi xPPAU

zsd P P
zsjvxAUT svAU 20

PzzA P
PguzPP P vA
vPAv
Qwz s z s
s P A 21

PsP vP
sU P PiUA PA
gZA
zsxQ wvAPgA 22

g PZA z vA
giAPgA jgAA
vgqPA szA
jPgi P gAUAzA 23
x jZzA 109

CjgAz
Pzs AiU zz wAi
zs P zwAi
zsPPz UzzSvA 24

zz Aiv Aii
zzAPvA QAiiPgPz
zx QAi
zUzP gsz PA 25

z Av P
z zAiA Zjv PzAjU
zV Uz
zAPgAUT PvAU 26

U PqUAU
UtvUt Uzz vA
UU zPx
VwA vag A
vZAiP 27

PP s
QP P ttP
Plvg g
Pz zUzUz 28

zAi Ud
v dAiAzs zvU
PzU Uz
z UgvwwAiA PAiAqg 29
110 PgdiU

zA dv
zA z vzAi zA
zg gAit
izA zw vevAivA 30

tv Utj g
Ait sg Pz iWU
Utzz P
t
AiVzg PsP
31

g dAiP
g Arv ZAz PU
gwAi g
gZ PA vzzPPAzA 32

rUA z P
qzZvtA zAqAiA
Ur UAi Pz
qAqA irzg gv PU 33

PAz v
AzAzqUA(q) eweuAi qA
UAg
Azg g zAqUzPA 34

PAzAU sVg
Azg vAUPgA Z
vA z VwP wU
AzAvAi qz ZvtA 35
x jZzA 111

PjAzi U
zjg qz Pqz
sz dzA
zsA
iz Ai A 36

CzUA Q
v Pt Ugz UAii
z

v APA
zz qt q q P qz wg 37

zz rAiA r
zzzgAiig qU
Zzgg dA Pv
zzAiA PAiU jtvwU 38

Pv
gz vA
gA vAv rAig etg
QPi Ug
g PA ivUA 39

etPz g A
tUgA
izAi Utz
vtq v q
itz rzz PwUA Pqrg 40

PzA Uz
zPA UzAv A
P
z
A
vPAv PA PtA 41
112 PgdiU

CjzzA Pqz
jPU AqAi A
zUA
g
iZAig
wgAig PqP qgdg 42

CU tvzqi
PvAzsA zUA
Z
gqv Pz
gvA 43

CzA zz A
zAiz AUz zA AV v
z Uz zU
zg vAU z vPA 44
(VwP)
PtUAiA v zA
PtzAvAzA Pt v PrUAiA
tUzzA jA
etj z PA 45

zvAz Uz
z vAz PqAUAzA
VAiAiz
UA z zA 46

CAvA gtPU
Av(v)Uv iUUv zAUA
aAw v z
A v() zsdP PA A 47
x jZzA 113

z PA P
P PtA vvAz UqA
Ur rgU
g zAizAz zA 48

qw Ug
qAizzPj
PUz A
iA
qn UA
rAiiUAz r U qA (?) 49

zgPArg UUA
gt P AiUz vvA
gA Pg zU
dgzz
s Ai gv ggPv 50

AvAU
Ai g Pqz Az
UPz Uv i
UzA giU Pzz 51

CggZZ
jvvB BgAv
g zg
UAiAUAiAU 52

gg Pqz A
zsgiUz PgZ q A
gvg PvA
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v xA d
wAiAzz i wAvPA 160

dg
s A
i
P PUugPAiA U Q
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vvA sdAUsU
v Pv zsgzs vA
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vA v zgZj
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A 162
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(25 - vQ)
PgtiVzA
PgA vQAiAzz vA
PgA eP zA
PgiU AiU vz 163

EAz QgtAUAzA
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Azz jv
AzzA Ai PdgA 164

Cggz
zA zAizg jZAiAzA
AAiA Uz
zAzPA dP A A 165

zVz PUA
wUzUz gdvwUA
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wU qUUAiU 166

wUU
Aiwzs dz dzsgxA
vAiA Pz
A PU avz zzA 167

(26 - s)
Pgt [] d A
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g sA
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192 PgdiU

Uz []P
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z zgA
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(27 - )

Utz
UtA zz UtA vA
ztz Az
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iAizgZjv
ivjPgA AiAv
iggA
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PdAt
A vV Ptzg
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(28 - Gzv)

U z AA P
U sz AA
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ZzqU jz gdA
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Cz AiAiz
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PgAz
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U z
Az PA UtUtU
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ZAzvg ig
177

AiA UtA v
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U g z
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t
vj [W]nvP
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Ut gg
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gZ P
sgnz
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(29 - Cw)
Cwv Ai
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Pw wAvPz PPA 182

CvAiQgtAz
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gwAiz
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gzAU
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vgw gUtA
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(30 - gzAPgA)

zsgAUA
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gtA PAz dAi

zs A v g v
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dAiA Ai
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196 PgdiU

PgPg
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vvg
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gv [w]
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(32 - w)
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(33 - Aivg)

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(34 - DgAPgA)

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DAiA AiA dAi

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A

(35 - sPAPgA)

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g Rz
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202 PgdiU

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(v)
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CAi Pav

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(v)
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Ez g gw wxvg
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A
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CAzs

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Dz P UjAiiVgz. DzzjAz Ez Dzs Pg jgz.
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CAzs - 2

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jZz 1

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v AUA, w gAvgA , GzgA, PvP vA,
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`iU' Pw; `z'Ai P.
z 18-20 : F zU Pz PAi (Function)
Aid (Use) wz.
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wAig
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1. ``s ag F Cxz `w' JA wzg

gv `g' JA z. F Cxz g z gr CUg
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Cg - JAzg zAg - vjPnzg. Pjv
CxAz Prg zU D jg.)
``Ez gs, `w', `DAz', `Dz', `avAw' -
E Ez z g g gU''
(s.P... 211).
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CrPArz v guAi. Cz PP
A Azs l A v ` ' v `Cx ' JA z U
CxAi ZV zrz. Ez C
PdvU Pg.
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P `g' JAz gP irz. Az, `Pwzs ',
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UP. (`Pww' - U). Fa Av
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JAz C DAi. `z' (jAiiV qAiiV)
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* E `Uzz Pa ZAjv zv ' - (Pz 1-31) JA
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zAi JAz MAz gAz, v AU
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vg

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AiVwz JAz APq PU vz. C z,
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(3) dAiAzs : ZA gz UAx Azg P
z U `dAiAzs Az' JA GRgzjAz,
P.g. iUz GPz `dAiAzs ' U C
JAz PZjvPgg H. (P.Z., A.1. .12) F
v P UA x . ZAqgAi `PPg'
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JA UAxz 8Ai D, `dAiAzsAz' JAz

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600. UAUU Fv Pjv `CP P Px
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- P q U A xP P U U D A i zv DV
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(3) ZAz : zUA (. 1145), gzl s (. 1180),

Pgd (. 1260), Cz (. 1300) - Eg
M ZAzl s Uzg. DzjAz EjVAv .
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P ) E U q V Az jP Arz g , Cz
zA qU z.
PAzU , Zz v CPg Z VwP w -
E Uqz gAiwzg Cz Zvt.
z A q - Z v t U A z U z
UVgzz, JgqAi U v
`PP'z jg `dU' `Zvt'z
iAvgVgzAz, C `qU'z
220 PgdiU

MszUAz.2 F dU Avz zUz

AvwAiAi EA `AiPU Azs' E `lz
Az' vzjgPAz, Mn `zAq-
Zv t'UAzg Azt zAii z z - UA
P szUVgPAz Ai wAig
CAi nzg. (P.g.P - 1 . 118-123
r.)
`zA q' JAz ``PP qP Eg zUz
zP
' ' JAz P.. APl n
Cg v; `Ug
t
'U
grU Aq Cvv z ` P' Aiiz AiPU
F zAqAiiVgz. (`u' UAxz `AiPU
P' JA Cg R r.) `q Ugt' z
lP Eg P. (P.iUz `Ug t
'z GRz.
. I-68)
``Zvt (= avAiv), zA q (= zArP) JA z
Azs ewU , U wz nU, Avz CAPgUA xU
Pq JAi GPV'' (w.A.. : s.P..,
., . 439).
z 36 : Ai = Av, z, zsU.
z 37 : Q = eg fAi FV lzP;
Pt = FV P, UzU j q t g
t; U = zsgq fAi (FV) Pg ;
2. qUAzA v
irzzA qUAz zsg PA
qqgz
A z
qA grAi zAqUPA

vz z AzA
vZ
gZ
ZAi zwPU
A
zz g
T tizqz dU A
- PP, V-954, 955
ntU 221

MAPAz = U fAi (FV) MPAz. F

ltU q t q AtV CZU
q ivq
dg z Vv JAz iUPg P. F Az s z
``gdzsAi l dz UAi wg P qz ''
v UA x ggzV g A GQAi
Aiz.
z 40 : tU = (u = we iq) we irz
- iq ; JAzg, x, UnU (?).
z 41 : Pz = Av ; Uz = Pv ; =
RavV, vV, APAiiUAv, . PA
= AiV, dV ; M = E (G zsv). F
z P Ai wA ig S Vz : - ``Av
Pv vU zg D UAi g. CU
P UA xU A v Pt
UA xU Pz . g i ZgjAz
gavUz D PPt AzsUAzV Av Pv
v g UVzz .'' (P.g. P, - sU
1, . 115).
z 42 : CAi : Pqz, wPUAq = (wjz
PU = Pr m AP, JAzg P
q, Cjg P wzP) (Cjg) r
wzPAq, CAi A z, DUA, DzA Cjz
= P ; PqP = Pqz Aiz, qg =
(Ptdg z) i dg, Mdg = GzsAig;
giZgg = (Av PvU) gz
Ptdg U, wg CAig = v e
Ag (?) wAig. (Cjg PAiizg wz
PPt tAzg, Av P vUAiAv
Pt ZV g Pqz Eg. P qz Ndg
Cg zgVg.)
222 PgdiU

z 46 : Gz = Gv + s (V ) Cx
Gv + s (V V, PU JAzg
PtAv gr ) (?). v A z = (zs., v )
, Uv i r. `P qAU ', `z zA ':
AZz J sUAi z P vU Ez ,
FU E. CAvAi, Pqz FU g P q,
AUg P q, zsqz P q JAz V
(V Dqiw) g UAi `P qAU '
EgAv DU PP z P PtU `P qAU '
EgP; CU `z' JAzg zP Pt
ggAiiVgP. MAz Avz zz
sAiU EAzg zV PtwgP.
U, iz zU U Av s zU Az
Adwz zU - E Pr, zi t
CjvVg P. g UAi D C
wAigz CUtvVz JAz `iUPg'
GvQ nU P qz jw ZAiVv.
z 47 : `CAvA gtPU AvvU v iUUv zAU';
`aAw vzA'; A PU Pt zV
gaz `iU' PU PAqAz zU ,
Pg Z A i A s zA z v Cjwg
z U `zsdP' zV iUPg
wv.
z 48 : `z PA PP PtA vvA ' = Z gP Az
grAi Av P A PgZ
U
AiiU
iUz Pz Pt, JAz = JA (v ) JtPAz,
DU g = P z Arv z g ,
zAizAzzA (zAi + Cz + JAz +
CzA) = Cz, JAzg MAz Pz `z'Aiz
ntU 223

(grAiz) U q, EAz zAi (grAi)

JAz wzg Pq, UqA = (D grvz)
U
q
, Ur = (Czg) g ir,
rg = g, AiUiqg.
iUPg Pz PAiz Pq C Pz
`Uq'; vz `Uq'Az Ev ; D
Uqz Az gavz P izjAiiV
ElP Aq PPt CjAizg PgZ ir,
Uqz g iqwzgAz Ptvz.
CAxg, vvP `z'AiiVz UqzAiizg
PgZ irzg J Vgwv. (E
iUPg DAiAz UP.)
(PAz, v, l, Avz bAz UAi U q
AvUAi Arvzg ztV
zgZ iqg FVU Ez E. EAxg
J PzAi Egvg.)
z 49 : iUPg PP `zAi' Jz, `Urz',
Uqz gP Ez Gzgu. iUPg
CxUz F `P q' U U CxUP ?
`Cx U g z ' JAz Dv U jg P .
`q n ...' E `' Pgz A iU U .
i U Pg PP DU ` ' Pg ` ' Pg V
iqwvAz EzjAz HPUvz.
z 50 : `EAx Uq AiU A PU
AiPVzg D PP Cz z. U qz
EA zU Cz g', (A Giz
P zAiz U
qz ji rz
iUPg.)
z 51-61 : F Az zU iUPg P q
224 PgdiU

PgZ Ai P q zU AU Av zU
U
A i U i q z , U i q P q z JAz
iUz irz. (Avz UU C Ewg
Ai EAz EAV UU C P z)
z 51 : P q z U A v z U AU
APAiiUAv Cjv g z; Ez PU
A rv g i U P C U tVg z ;
` A v' V j v U Arg z `F' A v
zU AU (JAzg A z z zg CZ
AvAiUAU) `EzA' (JAzg P qz)
`g iUz '.
E ` Av' JAzg ? Ez iUPg j.
`Pz A iz P q A i QU
Pv
gzq gA ' JA iQz P iUPg
Png P z Pgd 80Ai vP P V
Gzjz. D v Vz :
v ASAi g
v w WAl z
v
tPwUA

Avg
l AUA ig
Pgd, - (P) PA, () A EvAiiV
AiUU Pl, ``D AvAUZU
qz

g i A i q Uz; CzPzgu -
Rvg, PuP JAAv''3 JAz j z.

3. || r.P. gAig GAi zAiz Tv

w
U AU
z
Pgd ` tz

t'z w AiAz PAqrz,
Czg Dzsgz Czg G glgg . Czg, 80Ai
vz o av ``Ezg gu A
i SP g ` Av
zA'UZUqz g qz' JAgz GTzg.
ntU 225

vz P g, Aii Aii AvP wU

P qz
sQ vAiU w AiU AUUV
(Nominal b ased or stems) irPz C
AvU. EAv, Aii UAi Av zU
P q AUUV AvU. Aii U
Jg JAz Pgd E A vU

(81-87) gV wAiz. 81Ai vz
``z AiAUA vzAiA vkAvA
Avz iA qzz Pqz s A
AUiU'' (w) JAz , nU iUPg
v Cz.
z 52 : iUPg CAiU ZgV U z ;
D zz Cx :
`Cg B , GZB, ZB, B (BB),
EvvB (EvBvvB), B B, CAvB, B, Dz, E,
zB, C, - E zz CAiU,
CAiU.'
F GQ GzjPng ` AvU
Z
U
qz
g
i A
iqUz ' JA GQU gzVgzV PAqgvz JAz s,
``DzjAz CZz wUAi gu, AiUUgq QVgP.
Pgd CU D Azs z ggg '' JAz CAinzg.
F Azsz `g qz' v `g iA iqUz'
JA GQU j PVz. `g i A iqUz '
JzjAz AvzU Pq AUUV irPAq Pq
zUAU PU APAiiUAv g z gv
g i iqUz' JA Cx QvVz. Ez
`PgdiU'Pg vP APAiiUz gv gz
DU z A z C A i . G....z . w Ai S Pg
F CxPA i Uz, Cz AixavV irPAq v
guA iiV Png U PAqgvz.
226 PgdiU

`CAiAU' : 81Ai vz PU, CAiU

AUU U JAzP A iUs Uz `CAvg, g,
GZ, Z, g, g, C, Fv, AiUv ,
xP - E zz eAiAUj sQAiA
wUz ' JAz Pgd V z. JAzg,
AvAiUU Pq sQU wP qz JAz
vvAi. PgdiUPg `CAiAU' JAzg
gu A iAwz Ez.
z 53-55 : `g g Pqz Azs gi Uz PgZ' -
E `gg' JA iv U. JAzg, Aq
AvU EzzAv U UAi JAzg `' V
P q zU AU g zg PgZ ZUz . Dzg,
F CAiU `'V ir AiVz. F
CAi (z 55g) ``v Avv
zAU z g g P qz z
vPA'' JAz j j z. P zU
jz F CAi zm U z. g
gz zP
P z 54 A i z z I g CAv g
GAU CgA D gs vAU gAU
v U z C U A Evv A gU'
- CAiU vAiiV AiUV, E P q
vAizAU (i) AiUV. Ez `CiU'P
P. `iU'P - jAiz P P - Png wzmz
Pz - `gzAvg', `CA' Avz
zU Av Pgtz Pg (57Ai z z
`v AvPP A Uz Az ir ' jwAi)
` Avv zA U z g ' A, JAzg
z U V g q . F z U
CAvUvUz CAiU FU `CAiAU' C.
ntU 227

AvU Ai q; CU AAi
A
iUvAi q . F zU
CAiU
zUVgz UP.4
MvAUgq = Mw f Pgq (Pgr) z. (Jgq
PqAi U Zz aUU Vz Png
Gzz ZgnU
zz q sUz JqU Az
Mvv UAi PrAz f z )
(`zAUgq' JA o Ez : `gvgP
zAUgq A
i -' EzP `qz f Pgq' JAz
Cxiqz. F o Pjzg `CPA' Jq
`CP' JA Czsz U q QAiiz g
ElP
PUvz . `CP zA' JAzg bAz Pq vz . )
g - PP. (G....z t zt wAi
SPg `gA, gA, UA, JAz g
JA P W A l' JAz Cx z . )
(.., . 69)
z 54 : G....z ..z. wAi Gzjg F zz
o Vz; -
jvgAU
gi gsvAUAi gAU
A vUz
AUvvA gU ||
F o Pjv || r.P. . gg nP : ``E
oAvg UP. z JAz.
E A JAz. E Pq vAigzjAz

4. Samskrita particles (avyayas) as Cg, g, g .... cannot form by

themselves declinable bases in Kannada ; but compound bases (Samasalinga) with
a final vowel, of which they form the first member, are declinable, e.g. C
R,
gAU, BP - Grammar of the Kannada Language by F.Kittel, p.31.
228 PgdiU

CA iUPV F o jAiiVz.'' 52Ai z z

Png Avz CAiU P qz AU UAi
v Av V g P q z A z i U Pg
DAiVgzjAz , zP Pq P z z
`' JA C Ai Czg g z A i
AiVzg zsP. AvAiUU P q
v AiU wzg zUzA C DAiP
Cg i ', `Ev v A ' JA z A v U U v .
VgzjAz, z oQAv Aq o j
JAz t Pz C Pv . Cz, `g s vAU'
JA Z AiUz `CAi' KPZ
A i U Ad V Pt . e v U
`g s vAU Ai' JAz i QAi; zz AAi
rzg, `gsvAU + CAi' JAzV, `gAU'
JA zzAU CAiU. DzjAz, Aq
o C AiV Ptz.
z 56 : F P z AvAiU `v Avv
zA U z g P qz z vP A' JA
(55Ai zz) zPUtVz. `CA'
JA z AzPqU
qz. ``Ez Avz
Ez gzz. CzjAz AvvP sAUv
Jgz... EAx zAv U Az UAxAi
g w Ai w 3Ai z z V `agA|z g w
...'
JA sUzg `agA' zAz zUwz.''
(P.g.P sU 2)
z 57-58 : `U zPqAU' - 46Ai zz
AiVg `PqAU' JA Z AiUz
Cx g. Ez g JAz ``Uz
P qAU ' JAzg ` zz AvU z P q
ntU 229

i VAi z U ' JA Cx. CAx zU

CPVgzjAz `PqAU' JAz Z
Ai UVgP. Vz, `zUqAU'
JAzUwzg CU ZU `CUtvUt v
AvP P A' U zzg AiiP?' JAz Ai
wAig Szg.
Av `vv ' JAz wAiz FV gr.
Dzg, Pgd Pg vv U g. (..z.
vU 297-298). C CAizAv, `F AU
P qPA AvPA j.' JAzg, F zU Av
z U AUU P q z U AUU P r
i Q iqz. iUPg F vv Zg
Pjv . Dzg, Av zU Pq zU
i Q U g gzA z JZjP rz.
iUPg P ng zP Pgd
Gzjz.
`U A i UA g z ' - PAi
U fUAi U gz U. (F iw
Cx Pgd PPU gz U :
U - Av).
z 62 : F z s `PAPg' Pz (I-47)5
Cz.
z 63 : Ez `v z
' P Gzgu . Ezg Jgq A i Zgt
sU
oPg wAiU, z ztz wAiU
CxUAw (CAzs r- 1968g Dw).
Ai wAig Cz U wgvg: `- zg
5. s EAz Pz (I-37) `Aiix', `Q', `Cx',
`CZP' , `DAiQ v', Uqs

z
' - F zAiP
z
U

PU
AiVgAz z.
230 PgdiU

(q) gA'. zgv oU CPgU

AvgU CxQAiiUAv AAid
irgv C. Ez PAi oP Cv Av
Az AU.
CAi Pz F zz zsU :
`, vA z, Ai, HgA zgA
J, JqvqUggA, P GAz NqA
JA C, vAz PA H AUz GtA.'
(PqzjAi M A iitP v evAijU
JZjPAi iwAwz : v gwz ; q
FU lV ; HjU AgUtAzg, Cz Pq
zg ; Ev, Ai Pg (Jqv qUg) ZVzg;
FU Nqz Pv EAz NqtAzg, Cz C
s ; vAg wAi C D Ai AU z
Gtj .) (C E J U `G' JA A iU ,
D F J U `H' JA AiU U ).
F zz Cxz Aii UAi z Ezg
zAAidAi JAzg zU Pr U
MAzgq Pq C QU vgz Cs z Cx
zsAiiUvz. DzjAz Ez `vz ' Pz
( + vAV JAz U) F jw z gZ iqgz .
z 64 : Ez `Cxz' P Gzgu. F zz z
AAidAi Aii z E. Dzg, `Hzs gvA',
`gtg vwwA ', `g sU
v' F zU Cs z
CxwwU JqU qw.
z 65 : Ezg Cxzz E. Dzg, zAz
PqA igU oAiP
z v Evg UAi g t UAz
Prz AAiPPgU wU PV (PPV)
jt.
ntU 231

F zz CP : DU, gzU (vPjU, jU),

D U (D tjU), CgU
(gdjU, PwA ijU),
PrAig (PqAi tzgz MPUjU) D U,
g, U (), CzsAi (CzsAi JAzg
zzsAi Avz NzP), Pj, (s
j), PvP tAU ( GP), QAiU,
DAi.
z 66 : PAi DAiAz PirPz
PVg, `PQ P'A zAmUz.
F zP Pz F z z, ` AdA v
zrz jz' JA A i zz
CxzAU Gz z s U Cx CA iiqz
P Vz. F P q P A z F P z z
gZAiiVgU, Cz CxirPPA
CPtAizg CP !
z 68 : z UAi zU Aii Az s U

zU JAz F zz iUPg
zz: `ZPAzs', `gdAzs', `UwP'
Avz `av P ' Cx `z g P 'U
(AiPjAi ga PP g
Dz PvAzsP `avP ',
`zgP' JA g) `wP' JAz zV
jt. KPAzg CAx gZU wPUz
CPg Aid CP , CAiUvz. Gz
g zU `Ugt' JAzg `Pg t' (Gz :
`ZPnP') JA z P s zz UAi
vgzjAz C C zU.
lz Pg `Pg
t'z zs g; Cz
AUg gUU PV gz. `ZPnP'z
Pg v. Avz `Pgt' g zs z
232 PgdiU

`Ugt'V jt P q r PU Av
JAz ZgtAi P lP, PAi v JA
Cx U , ` U g t ', ` U g t U ' JA i v U
`qgzs'Ai AiUV.
zg P = AiPjAi ga PPg Dz
PvAzs. CUvAi = CAz ; z.
z 69-70 : AiwsAU, Cx , gzx, GP gP,
Zv AiixAR, v, CZAz, A, Aiix,
DUgz, Aigz, Aigz, Pgz,
Pgz, Pgz, zgz - F 16 zU
z 4 zUAz g z z Evg
zU.
F zt sUz iUPg nU
s Cjz. s PU :
``CxA xPxA AAiPi |
A AiwsA vA A Z ||
z P P P AiiU g Z |
wevzAvA zA Z v ||'' (IV-1,2)
(Cx, x , KPx, AU, CP , , Aiws
,
v, A, zgz, Pgz, Pgz,
Pgz, Aigz, DUgz, we,
v zAv - F zU gP qz .)
P zU gU P.g.iUz gAiiV.

6. ``P AivA zZzA AiwA zB''

- zAr IV -29
``AiwAiAzg z U

NzU Cxw Pqz
A v z zz Aivz
MAzAzqAi z. U z zz zszAiizg
Cxw PqzjAz zz PAiAi P.''
- P.P. I -. 91
ntU 233

z 71 : Aiw JAzg `G vt' ; z NzU

Gg (Cx Pz) . 6 ve wU
`zzw'Ai Ez UP. (g g bAz
zU - Czg V Av vU -
NzU wzzAi MAz Aiv z Nz
, G g v U z P Aq , v Nz
AzjPvz. F d QAiU `Aiw' JAz
Avz
J Gavz g
P qz `Gvt'
JA AQ gu C Gav. EAV Ez Caesura
JAz bAzz z.)
z 72 : Ez AiwsAUP Gzgu : PAz zz
vgzsU DgAi Utz `d' UtU
(U - U) W UtU (U U U U) Az, z
W Az Aiw Eg P. F z z A i zz
AiwsAUVz :
- U U - - UUUU - - U U -
Pr | zAP | | ggs | vz
DgAi Utz ` | ' JAAv Nzg,
Cx Pq jwAi zZzUvz. Ez z
74Ai zz AiwsAUUzAv w ggz
U :
- U U - - U-U - - UU -
Pr | zAP | P | gg | tA
z 73 : 72Ai z z
AiwsA UVzAiAz w, AiwAi
z Pq Av zg Cz CzAz z.
vqr = vqr (.U. ?), v ir (?)
z 75 : AiwsAU : ``AiwsAU z j. Dzg,
z PuZgg P qz D z Jwrz,
zU APAq D AiwsA U MP Aq, P qz

234 PgdiU

RAq CwAi ()Az Cz U

AiwAi jzg.'' - Ez z z CAi.
``AiwAWAzjz PqA'' JAz Pgd
z. AvAz P qP Az vU


AiwAi
gz grAiiv. Dzg PAzz UAi
w Avz P P q z ewU A i AiwAi
PAqgvz.
vPAz zz P q zU Avz AiAv w
zP P UqA iiUz AzjAivz ; P qz
grU Az D CAv PU zAv
zU q RAr z jAz , D
RAq A
z iUPg Pg gAv U vgvz .
Dzg, F Zgz Ai wg CAi
gAiiVz.7
z 76 : PA iUz Azs gV PUr Azg RAq
AzUAiiz ZAi qAiAv CvwAiV
Uz.
z 77 : ``Cz Vzg , Prz nU z
DAiivzAi PAzzAi Gz iqz
AiwAi P; ZvUz F z zU
JgqAi zz Aiw vz'' JAz iUPg
DAiU PAzzP (RAqz evU) AiwAi
z. (DAi Pqz PU g. DzjAz

7. Az P gdiUPg j Dg UAi U
DUz , Av, U E MAz RAqAz, Gz g
EAz RAqAz, JgqAi PAqz U sUzgAz
``RAq JAzg P q qU
U
zAiiV KPjwAi U
Aq
DRAqz U JAz sP'' JAz Ai wAig
jzg. (P.g.P - sU 2)
ntU 235

nz PAz z P qz Z gP Av.
AigU PAz zz PU Czg gZAi Aiw
Ai PAq Azg. iUPg PlU
EAU uAiAl).
z 78-80 : Cx : zz zAiix JAzg
Mn Cx Pjv Zg irzU vgPz
Cx wwAi vgz zg `Cx' z.
F zP Png P z z (.79), CAvU vz
wPP Cxzg Ml zz Cx KAz
zs A i i U . Dz jAz ``EAx Cx
P zAi zgP (vPz). zg, EAxz
Z Aq Prz gv Aii.
Aii v v' ' (.80) (`PAPg'z Ez
`CxP'.)
z 81-83 : gzx : MAz Pz GP z zs z
CxP Cgzs z CxP APAiiUz gzs
PAqAzg, Cz gzx . ``g
, v g
dg
Uz gPAz g Pn ; AiiU
gv qzgAi DPz U vU
EzgAi ?' (.82). E g gzx
. Ez P Gzgt , EAx zAg Pz
gzA v jj P - JAz iUPg az.
(. 83) (`PAPg'z EzP `x' JAz g )
z 84-85 : g P : z z zz CxP zg
x jz Cz Cx Pq zU
A i V v U z g P z . `w z
gPz', `-dA', `AiU-zAiA',
`CAi-zz' , `Uz - A', `CA-JAzA', F
KPxP zU gQAi Pz z (85)
236 PgdiU

U z. (s Ez `KPx' Az
jz. iUP zArAi P ZV
Cjz) zArAi P:
``Ct PA Ai sAi Qvv |
CxvB v vzPxA vA Aix ||
z 86-89 : Zv AiixAR : AiixAS JAzg P ,
AiixAS JAzg Az z jz
(. 86) : ``Aivz GzAi CzAi
CV zg AixAR.'' Gz Pz
CxU zU Gz ; CxUtV Cz
P
ASAi Cj g z U Cz. Gz
CzU Pigu AixAR ; D P vzg,
P
ZwAiiV, `Zv AiixAR'A zUvz.
88Ai z AixARP P : CP, (AUg),
D (R), AiU (PtU ) - C (zA),
(vg), GvP (Ai PAw) - EU
`Gz' G Aiz z z U
; Gi z
JgqAi zU `Cz', CP- C, D- ,
Ai-Gv - EU CxUtz P vz g
z.
Dzg, zP P z 89Ai z z , F P vg Av
PAqg. `Gz' `Cz'U P iv
AzAzVz. (, zAr - Eg F z
`CP' JAz zzg)
z 80-91 : v : ``Cx CAPg vVzg ,
CxzsP U z zU

C V CU `i v'vP
(C AAzsP ) sA U Amzg, Cz v z.''
Pzz - f U ZAiAmAz, Czg
Az U v AwAi VP
vqVzgA z jvx PA iAmUvz. jAiiz
ntU 237

CxPUV zU F jw Aid iqP :

`f! UtA z z g
ZAiA QqUA;
CzjA UA vvAz AwAiA Qr
wzg .''
z 92-93 : bAz sA U : z gZ
A i UgWP
z
Z Pq UUz bAzsA U zP JqU qz.
(s, zAr-Eg F z `v' JAz
zzg)
Pzz (93), z zz MAz iv
PqAii VAi, JgqAi zz MAz iv
CPVAi E. UAzg:
UUUU UUUU U -
g | zAi | |
UUU U UUUU U UUU U UU U U- -
| g | Ug | U g P | qUt
(. 88g CZVgAv, UgW jAiiVz.
zg Pzz jAz, `-Ug' JAzAz `-
UUg' JAz z ztz wgAv
wP P.)
UUUU UUUU U -
g | zAi | |
UUU U UUUU U U U U UUUU - -
| g | gU | gPq
| Ut
z 95-96 : A z : zU Pr (A ir)
zg bAz PqzAz wz, AAiiUPz
z AAi rzg, Cz A z.
96Ai Pz z zs
zAiPVgz
,
Gvgzs zgvVgz (97Ai zz)
iUPg zz. `dwU MUAiA g-'
238 PgdiU

JA z zz `dw UUA iA' JAz Ai r

zg bAz PqzAz, `U' JA CPg
`U + M' JAz rz. Ez A z.
z 98-99 : PqU
AU Uz PvU PAzvg vz.
E g AU. Pzz (99) `CgA' JA
CAi CgA, Cg, Gz, CAvBg - F
zUAU AAiiV, `gA', `g ', `z',
`AvBg', JA gU QU AvV, PvAzs
w
P

z.
z 100 : EAx Az U Amzg, zv
As i Pwzs
Avg. DzjAz, szg C q P.
z 101 : Aiix : Qvz Cx AiVz
zAz wvUz, CxPUV g Cz
g Az z (Czs gi rP Aq) El
CxUAv zg Cz `Aiix'.
z 102 : AiixzP P : ``UU
g v Jqqz
PAt (gU) gr g, Cz jev U zlz
gUzsAi gAz PAVg U Mwv.''
DPz JAi PAt grg Ptg?
gU , vvjuV Pz PAzAz
PAVgzA Az AiijUzg z
lz. ``gg AzsgUA gAvgA UUg
v'' (.103) JAz V zzjAz,
F U A i A z P C P U z , E ,
` A zs gU ' Az JAz HP P . U ,
`Azs'z Eqz zz E zz.
ntU 239

(P gd Pg P P Q A i U Czs g 8
VgzAz , Cz APAiiUgggU
Aiz z AszAz wv. AiP
C Pq Gzgu nU P.g.iUz
Pz vz:
``DgP
iV
zgAiPjzzzU A
zsgaPAz
zsj AizPz AiixA''
``AzsgaAz U z AiA, PAzs AzUA
PAzzV''
E, `PAzsAz' JAz z EgzjAz `Azs
gaAz' JAz wzg AiUvz)
z 104-110 : F zU iUPg DU - Ai
- Ai - P - P - P - z gzUz
zU PtU iv az; CU
PU Pn.
DU gz : ``gU zgvVgz, C
U je AiVUt : Ez CjgvPz
DU. JAzg AiVUAz PV DZjngz
DU. EzP gzz Z z''. , zAr
- Eg GQU Ezg
AU zg, iUPg
DU JAzg eU JAz PjwgAv sUvz.
wwgUB - zAr
``DU zst Pi Z vvv |

8. Qmgg `Czsg'P `Czsg'P v azg.

`Czsg' JAzg 'attributing or assining (Dgz) ; `Czsg'
JAzg Supplying (sg
w iqz). `Ai' JAzg logical inference (Ci)
Gr. K.L. . 412-413
240 PgdiU

vg vzZgwPtv Aix ||''

- PAPg iv-47
(Pgz PlPlUU svz zsU
DU . CU
g DZg
GAXz DU g)
Aigz : `` zgz P, Uv, PtZg, PAiwP
Avzg z zAvU iUs zU g g
AiU. CU `gzPAz' JAzg v
wPAz wz Aigz z. P =
ARzPg ; Uv = Uv z ; PtZg =
P zAvz vP (Puz, PtsP E Fv
Evg gU) ; PAiwP = ZP z
ZP (P) z PAiv ; Ezg CAii
PAiwP.
Aigz : GP JAzg z ZgU

Aiz
itUU vVgP. F i tU :
vP, Ci, Gi v . Aigz
iUPg 'z'Az Pg z.
Pgz : ``gz UAzsUw gP JAzg
UAzs zAiAz zz v Vv av
AvV PU Zv zsU
. E J zgP z

C Pgzz AWnz. dg Ez
Ag''.
``P APe UZgB |
AiA vzgzsPg Aix ||''
- s iv-32
(rrAiiz CAU ZV MAzq PqPz P.
EvgjU UZgUz . EP gzV z
Pgz z)
``vVv svAiB PB Pix AAiiB'' - zAr, iv-40
ntU 241

(PixU Dg vVvU PU)9

Pgz : ``P JAzg U Eg Avz P
s UU. EzP Az zg Pgz zP
CPUvz
. ''
(s `uA IvA sz PB qs zv''
JAz P Dg IvUV Dg sUU V irz Jv.
iUPg zArAi GQAi (`PgwAB') Cjz.
`CgvPA' JAgzjAz P Iv Avz sUU

9. vAvz GPz ZvBP (MAzgq iqUAU

sUv nPAi zsgAi Ez g) :-
1. VvA, 2. zA, 3. vA, 4. lA, 5. CRA, 6. PZzA,
7. vAqP PgB, 8. gtA, 9. zAUgUB,
10. t s P P , 11. AigZ
A , 12.g GzP zA, 13. GzP vB
14. avAiUB, 15. iUx PB, 16. RgqAidA,
17. x AiUB, 18. Ptv As UB, 19. UAzsA iQB, 20. s tAidA,
21. LAze A, 22. PZigAiUB, 19. WA, 24. av P
sPPgQAiiB, 25. PggU AidA, 26. aPit,
27. v Q q, (oAv g : 26. a - v Q q-P t
27. uq gP z), 28. P, 29. w i, 30. zZ P A iUB,
31. P ZA, 32. lPSP zA, 33. PgtA,
34. nPv tPB, 35. vP Pit, 36. vPt A, 37. z,
38. ggv jP, 39. zsvzB, 40. tgU eA , 41. DPgeA,
42. PAi z Ai UB, 43. P P l, Pg Ai zB ,
44. PjP A, 45. GvzA, 46. Pid PA,
47. CPgPPxA, 48. avP PB, 49. zseA,
50. PnPveA, 51. AiAvivP, 52. zsgtivP, 53.
AoA, 54. iPQA ii, 55. QAiiPB, 56. bvPAiUB,
57. Czs, PbAzeA, 58. U, 59. zvB,
60. DPQq, 61. PQqP, 62. QA zA eA,
63. dQA zA eA , 64. vQA zA eA . (oAvg
: AiiQA zA eA ) (`Zg' 64 PU

MAzAz zVz.
nAi Ez j. g g DPgU PP ilU
g g nU zgPz. `Pz'Az Aq nAi
AUPlg vgz JA.P. sgw guZg, JA.J. Cg.
CjU ItU A.)
242 PgdiU

avV JAz sz. s Png PzAv,

`Pr v igU Az vAi UAi
UAv
V irz' JAzg P gAiiUvz
. KPAzg,
Uz i q)
Pgz : PU g ; Hzs P, Czs P,
zsP. E P guPUz U, v,
vUUz ; E zAvz Hzs, zs ,
CzsPUUz.
s Pg P g, dAU JAz Jgq
UAiAz. zAr, `ZgZguA s vA w
P
Afv' JAz zz. Ejg C vzA v, g -
dAU Pz g `P'. e gtzAi
PU g JAz GP VgzjAz, iUPg
v Cjwg Eg CAPjPg
E Cjz,
`P' JAzP v vgz guAi
Pnz JAz HzVz.
zgz : `zA g g AvA' - Ez
iUPg GQ. `z gB' - Ez zArAi
P. `l Pq g zz z' JA zArAi
PAi Uzg `g' (Pq q) JAz
P.g.iUz ogz JA APAiAmUvz.
Cz Uzg Eg. g zz JAzg
U U g z z z w z z g z .
(Gz., U A zs z g U i Z z A i ,
zzgU AivzAi Aiw JAzg
`zgz' z) ( t s PVgP
JAzv. DzsP PiAAi jsAi.
Local Colur JAz AixxVgP.)
z 111-112 : F `gz' szUAzz zU
ntU 243

MPt v zg CP P zA z , Pzs
zdg jZAiirPAq ivAz C qv
U APzUz U Pz J
Cvzg Cz Pwzs PAwAi vz
JAz iUPg dz jwAi PUU
JZj P rz.
z 113 : [EAigU iUPg Av PPtPgg
z zU Pq PiUP CAiUAv
j, EAz AzP Pq sU z, JAzg
Pq sAiU AAzsV Gzzz
zU Pjv az. F UAx sU
AtV iUPg v A vg
Z

JAz A ivPz ;
U Pq PiAU C Ai PqU.]
PgPz , Z z
, Ugz, Wz, ZA i
z, Pz, Czs guz, AP z -
E Evg zU.
PgP Zg
z 114 : ``P Pgt E zV PgPU Dg ;
EU CA sQU K. KPZ,
Z JAzV Z Jg q v g . E U
ewsUU, UtzU v.'' - Ez
zz vvg.
PgPz : ``PgPU Dg. EU CA
sQU K'' JA PAi PAq g
gzss jj jz PPg

zg
10
Az. F Pjv nt gAiv, z zt z
AzPg U nQzg.
10. The earliest reference to the case system in Kannada is found in
Kavirajamarga of Nrupatunga (?). He states that there are six 'Karakas' as distinct
244 PgdiU

``U PgPvV PgPU DgzzjAz E

`sQUPA' JAgzAz vgz. Dzg
P z
A i sQ A i PgPP Gzgu
A iiV PAi
Png :- `CgzAi.' F PU PgPAzg
sQ v AiA CAizAv Ptz.''
iUPg F PAi UU Zg CUv Uz.
z, F AAzsz C Png Pz
V UP. (z 15) :
``gw AzA, D Ai Ptz, vgAzA
zsgt x, swU PvvtA
jsA Pz, Cg zAi A, D
gzz - JAz PgPAiP sPPA.''
Pt zz (114) `PgPi P PguPA'
JAg iUPg `Pv' PgP jz
ng z PAqgvz. JAzg, C `'U PgPv



DgzAvv. Ez Ai E dnV
irz.
P Pgt ZgU Pgd iUPg
Cjgz PAqgvzAiizjAz, F Zgz
C GQU UzUv :
``A APAizz
AiA zs sQU i

from seven cases, which are distinguished by their relationship with the verb, such
as 'Karma' (Objective), 'Karana' (Instrumental) etc.By implication he seems to
have omitted the genitive case from the 'Karaka' group. But in the following
'Lakshya Padya' (illustrative stanza) he has included the genitive case also in its
indirect relationship with the verb; by his statement at the end of the stanza, "idu
Karakyaukta Vibhaktyanukramam," he has assigned 'Karakatva' (verbal relation-
ship) to the genitive also. It is difficult to explain this inconsistency. Nagavarma
also holds the same view" (Vide Sabdasmrti : Sutras 15-16) - The Case System :
Paper by M.V. Seetha Ramaiah ; Vide Proceedings of the Seminar on "Grammati-
cal Theories in Kannada" (October 1965) Annamalai University, Annamalainagar.
ntU 245

UAzzx
A
Azt
z zs zsz AUPA''
w - Av v z AUAU gV
sQ U , i, Ci, Ei, P, Cv, Cv, M JAz
xUA wAiUA vwAiUA ZvyUA AZUA
U A U A KV Pg P A v U A.
C PgPAz QAiivA ; Cz PvAzA,
P Az A, P g t Az A, A z Az A,
CzAzA, CPgtAzA rzsiVz ;
AiAz AAzsxA.
AiUA :- gA, gA, gA, gP, gzvtA,
gz, gz , EAvx A sQ jt. sQ
PgP AizA zA gz.
``gzz gA Pr
gA iqAiA gP gA
gzvt
Aizz
gzz u gzg vwg g
(vzAi wAiAi Azs sQAi

Q
zg
A iUz
Pgd Cz jz. )
Pgd U Cjgz :
``zsvfv x
vA AUA APAizz JAA
wvAzPA
SvsQU z
P PgP
A''

``jrAi Pv PA
PguRA AzAiS
gv z
Pgt PgPAUA UA''11

11. F Pq AiiPgtg CAi Qmgg v EAV

Pgtz U AUzg.
246 PgdiU

U Pgdjg Pv zV PgPU Dg
JAz, V zg ; U PgPv JA UU
Cgz KPAi. PgP sQ Ai Zgz
iUPgA v Eg Av Pgt Cjzg ,
EjU iUPgU MAz R CAisz

UZg Vz. iUPg Pv PgP P z
j ; U, PgPU DgAz V , `Ez
PgPAiP sPPA' JAz GQ Ai
D `CP'z jPArgzjAz C U
PgPv

DggA z Ci PUvz . C
CAizAv, Pv PgP

zg Cz x
i sQ
Az
V, sQ U K ; Ezg A z
(VgzjAz, zg zt z AzPg Ci
wPV JAz PUvz). sQU
Gzgu A i Pq `Cg zAi A' JAz
iUPg U QAiiAAzs
V vU g z
`gzz u' JAz Pgd AAzsx Jw
Ptgz Cjg Cjwg Pgtz w
szU av JAz U vgvz. Cz
Vzg, iUPg zAq J PgtPgg

'The ancient Kannad grammars which the author of the present grammar has
consulted, do not use a particular word to express syntax or the construction of
sentences ; however the Samskrita term Vakyavinyasa which expresses it, may be
adopted.
"Regarding the construction of a sentence (Vakya) Karaka, i.e., the relation of
the noun to the verb, is to be considered. Kesava says that Karaka is on account
of the verb (Kriyanimitta), and that the case terminatiopns (namavibhaktis) are
suffixed by the power of Karaka (karaka Vasadim)... There are six such Karakas or
relations, viz., kartri, Karma, Karana, sampradana, apadana, adhaikarana".
The idea of a genitive case is not considered a Karaka, because it expresses the
relation of two nouns to each other (sambandhartha), but not the relation of a
noun and verb"
ntU 247

P q rAi eAii Uz Czg Pgt

QAiU Av Pgtz ZPnU Crgz
EAx UAzUU PgtVz. Pvz, iUPg
AvPgtz PgP Ai CjgzjAz
C Pv PgPPz jAz P.n.
AqgAVAig CAinzg. Cg wAv,
Av Pgtz Pg xi sQ PgP ;
U (P t A i Uz ) vwAi i s Q A i
`Pgt 'PgP
`Pv 'PgPv



MU
vz
. iUPg
GQAi C F jw ygz UV
PAqAzg , iUPg `Pv 'PgP gvz
Dg PgPU Ai gz E JA U
CjAz jg avV.12
Pgd vwAiU PvPgPv
z. (`vwAi
qU A Pv
Pgt
v wAi' - . 128. Gz. P A
lz.)
(DzsP s dg Pg, Pqz xi sQzg
Cz APw v
Ai rAi eAiiP gv . P wAi
x

Ai Cxz A iUUvz
. iUPg P z z A i
- `gw AzA' - JA AiU EzP z. Cz, Pz

12. "In Kavirajamarga Nrpatunga enumerates six Karakas and seven

vibhaktis. He begins his enumeration with Karmakaraka instead of Kartrkaraka.
This is because the order followed is that of vibhaktis. Accoring to Sanskrit
grammarians, the first case termination does not convey any Karaka. The second
conveys Karma, the Karana and Karta and so on. The verbal termination con-
veys Karta in active construction. Therefore the first case termination is added
purely for technocal reasons........ a plan of reference to Karma on this basis
cannot hold good to Kannada. The demarcation of Karakas as in Sanskrit cannot
also be applied mutatis mutandis to Kannada." - Influences of Sanskrit and prakrit
Grammars on Kannada Grammarians' : Paper by Sri K.T. Pandurangi, M.A. ; Vide
proceedings of the Seminar on Grammatical "Theories in Kannada" (October
1965), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar.
248 PgdiU

QAiizz
A
i zsvU wg
CSv v Ai Pv
ZP

DV P iqvz : (g + C, D, Gz, Cg, G,
Ev. `Az' JAzg `C Az' JAz Cx. Vgv,
P qz
d
VAi ( AqgAVAig Av Pg
t

AiPV gAv) x i P z PvPgvP
JqAz PAqgvz. iUPg Ez UAq
`Pv
' `PgU

'Az gv rg PAz U vgvz
. )
`PgdiU' DV Csi rg || z
Ai wA ig F AAzsz irg Z
(`PgdiU P' sU-2 CP n v) AiVz.
Cg wi wiP P VgzjAz
Cg zg t
AiQAiP Vz g VgzjAz
`PgP' AAzsz Cg ZAi P sUU
E GzjPnz.
`PgP' `AU' `sQ' - F zU Cx Z
ir, iUPg PgPAiP sPP P Png
Pzz DAi Ai wAig U
wzg :
``AUAvUvz Cx DAii PgPxV
sf, Cz DAii PgP AAzsP V QAiizz v
PAqAi CPg U sQv Ai. Gz. `gw
AzA ' JA P v v A Azs Az z v
v
AiPV QAiiz
Azwz. CzgA v `A
Ptz gAzA zsgt x (Aiiz), s wU
P U, Cv t A js A P z, Cg
zAi A, g Ez Cz ' JA P V
P , Pgt , Az , Cz, AAzs, CPg t
UA
AAzs PV z QAiiz Az
P g t i U P t z . . . A v
ntU 249

PgugV rzg `Pv ' zV `AAzs'

(sQ vAiAz avU z)z Dg
PgPU F UAxPg `PgPi' JA PU
jAiiUwz''
- JAz , z ztz AzPg ntAi
Pjv U nQzg :
``AzPg
v CAiUg
q
g

U zz
v wz


UzAv U Ptz. U PgPvgz
AvPgt zwUV. Cz Cjz `sQU'
Jz U? Avz sQU
Dg, K. Cg
v D Az wAi, ``Dzg Pz Ai sQAi
PgPP Gz guAiiV PAi Pn g'' JAzjAz
irPvg. sQAi PV PgPzsgz sQ
guA
i MnU jzz iv - JAzP sgz ?
AAzsz U PgPvzg PgPU gzjAz
Cz CUq gz JAz svPz. U
AAzs
ZPv
iv
Egz, PgPv

JA Av AiiPgt

iUAzg `sQU' Jzzg U ? U
sQ vAi EzUz. D sQA
i g wPV
Ai C agP, J''.
Ai wAig v Pz ZAi
Azj, iUPg gzAz U
Cizg :
``UA
xPg `PgP
i P Pgu PA' JAz `x i s z
zsgtAzzA rz sQ U
PA' JAz . Ez
CU rz Ct P A iAv `P rz z Aq
`CPgt'zgV - JAzg `AAzs' () vV -
PgPU JA s Aivz. CVzg, `PgPi
PvPiPA' JPVv. UAzg, bAzsAUUwv
JAz gz . `EVz vP U zA zz' zU

P
250 PgdiU

JAz zsz `U'U vPAv zU AiV

wAiw ? azz CxgV iv z
bAzsA U CUz . CzjAz, C sA iP xi
sQ v AiAiv `Pv' z Az iv `PgP' ; Gz
PgPU JA s EzAv vgvz . w P q AiiPgt g
F sA i AvgV Mzg , C z zAi
AiwsA U UtV Az Zgg CjzAv,
C z zAiAz PgP tAi U irzzVg P.
F zsgz PgtvAi EAz. `PgPA ' JA z
Av Pgugz vwAiAv `ir Q'Ai
azz , `iq Q' Ai, (`PgAiw Ew PgPB '). `Pg w
Ew Pv' JAz `Pv'z gvVz. EAx `Pv' JA
z Pgz U? `gw AzA' JA zAv
rj. CzP ``g w
Ai gP JA PAi l `Cg

zAiA' JAz U. E `Cg' JA
s Q A i v z z `A' JA Q A i Ai
PgP A z j. D QAiU Pv `zAi'. CAv Pv gz
zAi Cg AAzszz . ZU V
`Pv'PgPUz JAz jAiizg, F Pz PgP
E wz. CzjAz A zP v AAzs
iv
Pq `Cg' JA z D AAAiiz `zAi' JA
Pv
PV `A' JAzP Pv Ugz . CzjAz
sQ AiPz A zP v AAzsv
D PV QAiU PgP Uz. Cz Pzg `AzPgP'
JAz PgAiz. E iv. Pv zU sQ
zP Pi Aiiz P PgPU CPg EzAv UvU wz. ...13

13. E w Aig Qzsg ` qZAP'Az

PRAqU JwP
nzg. UAxg sAiAz C
Gzjw. - A.
ntU 251

Pq AiiPgtg F Zg `sQl' JA jAz

jzg. Ez zAi gv PAz qzAz
FU UArg zwAiAz gAigz. iv
C ; F Zg xVAi DVgP. U v
sstz `PgP' Q jwAiQj :
``v : Cx PgPA gv
w : AeA AiiAvgA Pv
P Pgt
Az
z
PguRA PgPA AixPA gv''.
F v wUAz AAzsz Ai PgPAz
azAvUwz. Dzg, Czgq Pv
PgP
A
z Av
AiiPgt iUz C az. E `P PguPA'
JA UAxPg PAizsj PgP PvU vw P
r, Pv PgPUzAz PiU iv PgPUAz
zsjPAqz . Ezg vU zAg zsj
gP.''
Zg Ai s vA V
tPzz - Pq Pgtz PgU,
sQ U JAz . C z, s Q v AiU
l Uzg PgU Aiv. (`EAv r tA
PgPA AivxAzz' JA P gd
GQ Ai E Uz. . .z. . 136,
A iUAvz P). F UU iUPg v Az
U Pvzz. C vzAv - PgPU Dg,
CU Pv g ; U PgPv GAl.
x i AiiV sQ U
K. (Vzg , Pz
x

i
sQ vAi iUPg z. PwAi
xixz AiUVgzjAz, CzP vAiz
CUvv EA Dzs P s vz CAi
iUPgVv JAz ZgtAi).
252 PgdiU

z 116 : `gVU zvU' JAz `Pg t zP...

A v w Ai A' JAz Pg P z A z ,
`g WU...' v `Pg t z P .... AvwU' JAz
`CzP gP' Az wz. (PgP i P Pgu PA
JAz Pt zz g gU, P z z
P PgP Az z z P v q Vg z
U). `FU' (Pq) JA QAiizP `zvU'
JAz Pv z z
, `gA' (g ) JAz P PgP
(AAzs) AzPzjAz FU EgAv Cz
z. `gA' JAz PPgP ZPz wAii
sQ v Ai AzU Cz Cz
vz
. (t
E Az z Ez jw A i
irPP). (Ez PgUU GzguU
Pn) PA = Ai, l, v.
z 117 : `gVU' JA z AiU EAz
jwAi zg v V iqzAz F z z
az. `gU' JA `gA' JA zz Az
(D PgP `Pz' - Avzg zsP)
QAiiz vU QAiii (g A + FU)
irPAqg zUz . (gU U zvU ' JAz
z). (`g JU FAi zvU ' Cx
`gAi JU zvU' - F Jgq zs
AiUU).
z 118 : F zz `Z'z UtzU Ptz.
`qA wU Az' ; `DU F zz
Azz' - Egq Z zU . z z Gvg zs z
F z U jrz : `qA wU Azz;
DU F zz Az.' Pvz Aii
Z z g v z A i Cz Z z Q A i i z
ntU 253

EgPAz F zAvUAz Uvz. (vP

J sUU CAiU i Aiz.)
qA = (A., s v) GAi, PtP. Zz
uQA = (A + CuQA)
GQAi tvz jAz GAmz Zz P g.
z 119-120 : F Jgq z U `evP Z ' A iUP
`AS Z' AiUP PPt Ai
Ptz.
. 119g zsz gu : Aiiz tewAi
sU JAzg Ml ewAi Cx zAi
UzjPAq U, CP PU Cx
GQU zg `Ut' Jzz v (JAzg
Z ) KPZ z A i `zgv PqUA' (ZV
APvz).
Gzgu (.120) : `Pzg D zA i g A vU ',
`zAz nz, J, rA' - E Pzg
D JA Pv zU
KPZ z z g
ewZP zjAz,
`UUAi CP PzgU ' EvAiiV CP PU
zz vz Cx MUAq, Z z
QAiizz AU `zgv ' PrPArz. P qz z
A iUz Ez z z Ut DUz. UAzg
- `Pzg vU z ' JAz KPZ A iUzg, `MAz
Pzg' JAzV Cx Pqz ; `PzgU vU'
JAzg, P PzgUUz. evP Z
AiUAz, `MAz qz J PzgU' JAzV
CxAzAi U z. (DAUs AiAi Ez
Collective singular JAz grU Arz). (r : ..z.,
. 138-139)
.119g Gvgzs : ewZP z KPZ v
254 PgdiU

ZPz ASzAz zU, Zz

Cxz KPZ z A iU (`KPvAiAiA')
Aq Ut PV Azz gv
iV z Jz.
Gz. (.120) : `Pzg D z D v
vVz' JAzg z ; KPAzg, `jz ASAi
KPv AUA.' `g, v' JA ASZPU
MAz Pq A `Pzg D' JA KPZz AU,
EAz Pq A `vVz' JA Zz
QAiAiAU AUq. F jw, `jz AS'Ai
KPPz KPZ Z U
AWl z. (P
`D v' JAzg zUz ; `vVz' JA
QAiizz AU PgPzU z.)
z 121 : zsz CAiP Cx : `Jgq
ZAiAiP zU GQ z g Az, (D
Jgq zU

) MAz sQ (E sQ JAzg Z

ZP
vAi) Pr Ptgzg, C KPPz `PgP
Az' qAi. Gvgzsz Pz :
`g w
Ai AUA ig gz CA (wAz)
Crzg ; D jd vz MAzz'
(PrPArv ; sVAiiv). - `JAz. Ez,
C z v A ' (E Ptg Z A Azs z
Pgtz C : PgP zAz CxAv
PrAgzjAz z U - JAz
iUPg CAi.
zAvz , `gw Dr zA, AUAig
Drzg ; jdA vz MAzz' -
JA g g PU ZAi (`GA') Az
KPPV jtz. `g w ' KPZ ; `AUA ig'
ntU 255

Z ; QAiiz Zzz, Zz
PvAU (AUAig) CAiUvz. Dzg
KPZz PvAU (gw) CAiU.
Pgt jUPAz ag jwAi
g g PUV Mqzg, `gw v rU v
Drz', `AUA ig v nU v Dr zg '
JAzV Cx AzgP Hgvz. DzjAz Jgq
P v U `GA' JA ZAi Az g zg ,
ZsQU (vAiU) Prgzg, `gwAi
AU Ai g Mn U g z Dr zg ' JA
Gx Uvz.14
Qv

14. iUPg Pv j JAz Az PAqPArz.

E, `g w
v AUA ig' - Egq Pv U ; E `PgP
A z
A
vUUA' JAzzjAz PvU PgPv DgzAvUz ?
- JA Az vzgz d. Ai wAig vz
Dz euAi jwAi F Az j Aivnzg. Cg
zz gA : QAiiz Z z
g zjAz `g w ' JAzAz
KPPz Czg PvUgz. ``Cz Gz Pvzz Cx
PvzU dvU jz D ZAiz. U ZAi zU
PlAz DAii zU KPPz vAv Pvvz PgPU
DV jtz Aiz. JAzg QAiAi MAzAzV iqgz
Jgq Pr ir PgPvAz JP.''
`g w DrzA,' `AUA ig Drzg' JAzV g
g PUAiiVzg, Az ag Pg (. 168, 172
- r), F PvzU PgPU. Dzg, ZAi Az
Jgq PvU MAz Pz qAiiVgzjAz, KPZz
`gw' JA Pvz `Drzg' JA Zz QAiAiAU
AAzsqz. QAizz `Cg' JA v Ai `gw' JA Pv
J ivP a. E, ZAiz Az `gw' JA
PvU `DrU' JA QAiU AiV Ez AAzsAz
Knz. Ez E `PgP Az' - Ez gu.
256 PgdiU

z 122 : `JtPU CgV PrPAq g z Az

q Az,
t APAiiUAv
jzg Cz PgPz'. (E Pz
. 123 - U P : UtAiv A sl A
...
Ev t iAi `C A ' JA z `JqU Aq'
Az. wtz AzAi EgPz
AiizAz z z JAi GP V. `Cz vtz'
J A z g ` D E g P z J q Ai '
`zAvjPgt'Vz. JAzg `CA' JA gAi
zAz avVz.) U `CAv Cz vtz
zAvjPgtA DzqA Ut vP A' ;
`KPszPA C qA' (qA =
qr). E g g tU Z
awzg, J tUU iV
v U P Arg `C A ' JA P Pg P
KPZ
z

z
g
, Ez PgPz ; Ez `Ut'
DVz ; Z sz UPV.
z 124 : F P z z, `VA ' ` AiA' AvV
PvUVg U v v (`Uz', `j'
Ev) tU q g g Z U
z g
`v'
JA QAiAiAU (KP v P Azg )
ZAi Az PgPv A.
z 125 : EzgU z PgP UtzU js
EAx gAiU PU PwU jAz
wzP JAz az.
z : 126 - 130 : F zU iUPg UgW
zU PPtU Pnz. bAzzP
AAzsl Zz. Ug Eggz (JAzg W
EgPz) Pq Ug Elg z Ugz ; Cz
ntU 257

jwAi W Eggz (JAzg Ug EgPz) Pq

W GAiVzg Cz Wz.
UgzP Gzgu (. 128) : (Ez `t
s t'
v) F vz Utg :
- U - | UUU | - UU | - UU | - U - |
z 1g g :
- U - | UUU | - UU | - -U | - UU |
z 4g g :
UU- | UUU | UUU | - UU | - U - |
1Ai zz PAi UtzAi, 4Ai zz
zAi U gA i UtU
UgEgPz
Pq WAiUVgz Ptz. DzjAz
dV Ez WzP Gzgu.
WzP Gzgu (.130) : (Ez `AU' v)15
F vz Utg :
UUU | -UU | U - U | U - U | U - U | -
FVgAv F vz
bAzzz E ; Jgq
v wU o MAz vgVz. iUPg -
`AiA' (1Ai z), `' (3Ai
z), `wg' JAz bAzz UAvAi
ggP. (vz UtV zz o U
wP P ). Arv w Pg F z
bAzzP P JAz UAiz, UgVz
CPg U


WV irg P. agAv
o wz g , W Eg Pz q A i U g
AiUVgz Ptz. DU, Ez V

15. `F vz g Aii bAzz

A
i GP
V' JAz z
ztz AzPg azg. (.., .27, Crnt)
258 PgdiU

UgzP GzguAiiV PAqgvz.

w Pgg z Az v PgAz
PzU (128 v 130) AzAzVgAv
PAqgvz.
( agAv wzr U irPz zg,
PPt Ai iqU).
z 129 : P = P t , P g . P U Aq =
UjAiiVlP Aq, Q, U , AV = Ur,
P.
z 131 : F z z ` ZA
i z' i qVz.
PgPU ZA
iU AU AiVU ZA i
P i q z j Az , ` Z A i Ai U 'U
PsAUUzjAz F z AWnvz.
PzAz (132) Ez Uvz : `zg A
Ugg A Utzg CgvA Pg CP Cg A e
A iA
jg A.' Ez zAiPz A iU. iUPg
w gg PAz (. 133) zAz
Uvz ; `A eAiA jg A D
Ugg A gg A Utzg A gUg gVU.' zg A
- UggA - Utzg : EzAz PvzU
ZAi; `Utzg' JAzP `GA' JA ZAi
ggz MAz z. CgA - eAiA -
jgA : Ez EAz P PgPU ZAi ;
g PzUU `GA' ggz vAz
z. zz Pz - `zg Cg
, Ugg
eAi, Utzg jg Pq' JA
P
P z. wz P z , ` Ugg e A i
gg jg Utzg gUggV' JAz
Pz viqVz. ZAi AiUU Pv-
ntU 259

PU PsAUzg CxwwU sAUAmUvz.

(Az, Zv AixAR zz Ai F PsAU
Ptz. . 86-89 r).
QP = (zs., Q *(=P?) AU, r
(?) = v. = U, e. Ug =
Ug, (?) ; P P , gV. (Fa PA iUU
`Ug' JAzP `' JA Cx Az. `Ug' :
`UgB' JA Av Z z gAvgA
H Ai E z . K = C P g z z ,
fUAiAliqvP z .
z 134 : F zz ZAi Utz Zg
AzjVz. F Aa PU PgPU


MAz QAiiz
wzU ZAi z U
A W n v z A i Az z z . F z z
P sUz , 16 `PgPz Q Ai v (e vUr),
g gAiiV Av Az s z, F z wAiz
CU t (JAzg, ZA iisz z ) UtV

* nt 1, 4 (CAzs - 8) r (Dw 1968)

16 : Jgq v wUAi Eg o :
``UAiggA
v tzqAiAz zvA.''
z ztz iv ` ' JA `v' JA
oz. `KA' JAz o ElP
Aqg, CzP Gv gz
Pv
Aiiz E. `KA' JAz wzg , `v' Pv Uvz .
iUPg z z zs z `CU tA Utgz zUA'
Jz V gzjAz `JAz zvA' JA o C
DAiP sAU vgvz ; DzjAz, `JAzzvA' (JAz +
CzvA) JA C v irz. wAi iP g
PlgszjAz, `U' JA z `gU' ()
JAz gAi CxgAv ir CP.
260 PgdiU

jtz' JA PgZ iUPg

rz.
PsUz CAi : `DAigg A U ; DAiA
tz
q, v vA' Ez (PjAi
CtwAiAwz : `DAigjU W (qAUgz
P g) ; DAi dU zg, Cz
v v Kg' - E Pz vvg . (`D Ai
g g A' wAiP). E QAi (U, tz q,
KA - JA QAiizU) g g PgPU
v g g Av, ZAiz CsAz g g
P U Vz g , KP P z A v A i CRAq z
Cxw wAi Pq Utg Az - JAz
CjAiP.
z 135-136 : F Jgq zU `P'z (alternation)
zP UtP PU Pnz. PUAz Ptz
g CjvPP.
``CggA MU u, U u, V U v,
ig l tzA gVgz GAiUz ''
- Ez zP Gzgu. `u' (E, Cx)
JA Px Pq z `v'
(E, B) JA gAi z gzjAz
Px wwU PAi sAU AmVz. A
P z z F z jrg jwAi U :
`Cg g A U u U u, zrAv
PUAi VU u, CAvA DA.'
M = Av, w (` v' : ..z.) V =
ghAQ, DP. u = wei q. = A.
PU = wg (`CwPu' = ..z)
z 138 : Ezg `Czs gu' U `AP'Ai UtzU

ntU 261

gz. `Czs gt (Mw z, emphasis) CA i

(A), ew, Ut, QAi EU CAgvz.' Q
z Pt Mw E Jw Pz Az s z
`Czs gt' AiVz gr. Avz `KA',
`ivA' Avz CAiU vgz `P qz `J', `K'
JA CPgU
Uvz. z z Gvgzs `AP'
UtzP AAzslz. `Ai AiU P' =
Cz Ez P iq, AzxwAi
AzV z Az zP PAqAi z. (?) `AP'
JAzg `Az' Z.
z 139-140 : `Czs gu'Ai `z-Ut'UU PU :
`Pdv ArvvA Gd AiPv wA'.
- M QAi A ew UtU E Mw U
Jgq Mw MAz `ArvvA' JAz Czs gt
i q g z z . Ez j Az , P Azs
yVgz iv, QAi Qv PzAv
sUvz. Ez `C Czs gtz.' w
(v) = w ; U.
iUPg wg P : `gv, Arvv,
Av Vg Zz Aiv.'
z 141-142 : `AP'Ai `z-Ut'UU PU.
`dAi stAiP sA EA PgA
MzA .' `Czs gu' AiAv EAi `AP'Ai a
`N' JAPg M QAi Pjv Az
Pr J zUU wP. FU EgAv,
`d st AiP ' JA AP ZP zz A
i
gAiiV Av `sA PgA MzA' JAz
tPz QAi xAz zAvVz.
D Q . x C ; x g z JA
262 PgdiU

AzPqUqAx. U, Pjv DAiP sAU

gwz. AzZAiiz , Cz jg
DU P . (`El A P Ai Ai A v ) '.
F z wg P z z , Az
az Cz j j g u A i
Agz UP.
= P, jU, v = Ur, r,
QtAviq (`PAi' - ..z.)
z 143 : `Uz jwAi Zgi rzg, UtzU
zAi CvU jz. E, w (gt ) vV
G v Q A i (G i Z P A Azs z )
UuUtU v.' - Ez z z vvg .
z 144-146 : F g zU, z `GvQ'
AiUz zP P Pl, P Gzgq
z U

P
V F AAzs z z-Ut g
jz. `GvPg
AiA KPg j w'Aiz g
Cz jAiiz P (.146). P qz D GvPgU
(Gi ZPU ) `CAv, CAwg, , CAv
JAz AvV. G AiP g g Gi U
PqU J MAz UAi `AivPg'Az
zP ; Ez `UuzAiPgtA'. g g
Gi ZPU GAiVz z. P z z
(.144) `CAwg', `g' JAzV Jgq UAi
`GQ'U GAiVz. Ez z. ``
GiZPUAz `Giwe'Ai wzzP
CPzg Cz wzgz z'' (.145).
Pz, `g' JA zzqAi bAz PqzAv
`CAwg' JA z AiUi qzP CPz.
Pv = zsd, l. dz = q. = D. w =
ntU 263

P ; P , zwz. Pg = (U).
D = Aiz.
z 147 : vAUz iUP = vAUz
Cg Pzw : Ez Cjg
PU ig Uz PAi gQvV
qA igA AUAi E iUPg P r
z.
z 148 : CwAizs

vAPww (CwAizs

+ G + Gv + CAPww) = CwAizs
gzAQvz v AU Az Gz (JAzg, C
vV nz, C Cg) CAPgz
e, wP. gAvg wvA = Jqqz, AiiU
EgvP, zvAiz. wAiw = gw (?)
z 149 : PgZ Ai `w gAvg P' zAz
iUPg dV Ezg gz.17
Pjv sP CUtV rU PrgP ; C
PAg `U'Ai (s ) gzAwgP
(JAzg MAz rAi xV PAiiUPqz);
D Pq ivU trAi qVgP : (Ez
i U Pg g `z 'Ai jw JAz
Uz); (Pq rAiAU) Avz
zU PPz gPgUAz PrgPqz, v
CU it vVgP (uVgP) ; Mn
gZ `'wg P, zAzsAz Prg P. U,
dV PV PrZZAv gUz

17. EzgAU A GQAi z :

U vzV zAzszAzzA zAi
Uz (P) iUz vz vq PAzs
Ui PAzg uA vA
U vA PVAi V VAiAv.
264 PgdiU

NlAz Prg GQjw `jw gAvgP '. (`w

gAvg' : v AU gz) (jZz II .4 ).
z 150 : CAiP : `PPgA, dAi s v zA,
P...avP wAiA, F iA, tvA,
PPz '.
`dAiAz gavz Ez CPt UAz Prg
zstz Pw (=avPw) ; Pz g
J sz szU guAi (= w) Ez
MUArz ; U, avPg Aii Pgz avz
z sUAz U t tU
(= tP ) z
gvA i D P gz (PP A i)
z sUz gAz U `tPi wAz'
(CPg P Azz gu Az) P UAv
z Pwz ; `F iAz' (F PgV
gavzz A zAz) PAqqv `PPg ' Ez
(`dAi svzA' = F `PgdiU' )
PjP'.
D P = (iw P ) PP , P;
`CAPgUA x' w = gu . avP g = avP g g s U*
= z sU. tP = (x) tP
U; CPg . avP w = zs tz, av Az
Prz, CvAz AiPjAiiz, UA x (Zx
z s z, `avP ' Cx `Czs P' JAz Cx.)
t = V t, PAqq. s v =
GAmz, nz.

* D - (6-51), A. s. 10-31-Zz PAw, swAi.

(kgk. Edn. P.121 (P) ; U - D.L.N. (A.g. 3-67) JAz
nt gzg.
ntU 265

jZz : 2 (II)
z 1 : g Pwzs .... gvAU = z
PP PAi MqU Z GAliq UtU
(DPAi) Gvz `CAPg'U (MqU) (zs
jg : zs + D jg, zs jg JAz EUA iiV
zsU iqz).
z zArAi Pz zsz sz.
D P Vz:
``PsPg zsiAPg ZPv |
v Zz PAv P Pv Pw ||''
- II, 1
`P P s A i Al i q zs U
CAPgUAz Uvz. EAU C V
Pv U
Uv
E. CU PV g g?'
zArAi PAi iUPg gPAPgAz
ggzjAz CzP a AzAi MzVzg,
`zs
' J iw z CxAi `Ut'
JA iv A. Dzg, `jg' JA zzAU
`Ut' JA iv Z GavAz vgvz. Cz,
`z'z `Ut' PP CAPgAizU Cz
Pz zs DUz.
z 2 : Gzjg zArAi Pz Gvgzsz
bAi F zz jzAz. `CAPgsU
zs P g U V . x s z U Az C
APg U A z CxAPg U A z Jg q
sUU .'
z 3 : vvg : `EU z s zz CxAPg. z
APg wv.'
z 4-5 : APg Pg tz guU vqU ,
266 PgdiU

iUPg zAiUz Oavz AiV P

ZU rz : `F z EU Gav, F
z EU jAi - JA wPAz nU
(` ' ) J v g
gPrzAvUz, UAzP MUUz, gqz
rU GAiV P.' (CQ, Cg , Cg l,
gVAi jl Avz jAU P
zg w AiUVgvz . v g
z g
PrAiz P. Przg CgVP z P !
g U gP A iAv, av z A iU). E iv .
x AUvgP ; JAzg, Pjv CxP z
z P AP g P . ` P l U Aq Cx
P
Vzg Pq, Cz P r Czg q
18
Azzg v t tzAvUz
(v AzAv v t Az?)
DzjAz APAiiUz z vUz P P.' (`P
PU MA Az gz zA').
z 6 : `Wz'z Az `Mv z A' EjP qz.
`Wz' JAzg v UgV GZjzz,
Wz CPgUAz Prz, Avz Qgr.
Pz z (.7)19 `j', `Ej', `U Aq', `rAi'

18. - `Uqz zAU

P PzA vU etq vA
A PzAwg
UU Pv zsgzUU''
Pgd F z Gzjz. (. 65)
19. Pgd F z AzP GzguAiiV Pnz.
(..z. - . 59). (F zz 4Ai AQAi - `JAz
zA' JAzP `JAziUA' JA oz).
ntU 267

Avz P q rU U zg F `Wz' z g
jPAiiUvz. `Mw z' JAzg MvPgAz
zU Wz E z;' `Qww',
`AiPv', ` s ', `g

qs
zA' - EAv zU
.
iV E AvzU. F UAi
zU `Wz'U Az zg, `U
v A i g z g A i jz A v
`CRPg' Uz 20 ; Ez z. u = sgz
g.
z 8 : jz `z' A iU `iU' v V
ir, F Pz z jrVz.
z 9-12 : F zU QAiit U
PAz jz.
( . 9) [(Jg q A i A Q A i ` z ' JA
ozg z. z z t z Ez
` z' JAz wg z U V Ptvz) ].*
MAz QAiAiAU Jgq QAii tU MnU
AiVPqz. U irzg `JgqP l PA
A' P z z
(.10) `Mg z AzgzA'
JAz P P. 11Ai zz Ez U
jr PAz az : MAz QAii t
QAiAiAU j, vAz P (zP)
AzAv tV (UtZPV) ir,
AiVz jAiiz iU. wz Pzz

20. F GiP Pgd Gzjz. Ezg U

jsvPz.
* E z JAz oAvg wP
Aqg JAz
gz.
268 PgdiU

(.12) `Mg' JA QAiAiAU `zA' JA

MAz QAiit GPAq `GgzA'
JAz `dv zA' JAz tV
ir, `CgA ' JA P CA iUAv irz.
(Jgq QAii tU ZAiivPV -
`zAz zAz Mg' JAAv zg
P z j jz ). (Pg
Jgq U U lg v vAi U zsvz ;
E Az Pg z Awgv z. QAi MAz
QAii t iv Az x JAz
iUPg CAigz).
z 13 : E, CAv, v, , U, , , v, u,
A, UqA, UA, DzA, P A, - JAvgz
zU ``JAzA CzqU PjA'
(`C P z U G A i V z
PAirj') JAz PUU JZj P rz iUPg.
EAx z U G A i V P q z A z C
C A i ; x V, (z z ) z gP
zUV GAiVPqzAz C DAi.
z 14 : Ez ` x z A i U z ' P
GzguA iiV Ptvz. z z Cx jzg,
Ezg z `', `J', `E' JA zU
`xz zgP'UV Pt. z
wg z P z , z A i P z P
ivPAi z z gQg w U Cz
lVgP - JA . Ai wAig
H jAiAz Ptvz.
ZzsdQ = (Z + Czs + dQ) ZAZ
avgz zgPg iv ; Czs =iU, zj.
ntU 269

(`ZzsdQ' JAz oAvg : zzt)21

z 15-14 : wAi, v As z sQ v AiU

PV WV AiV Zg.
(1) wAiAiAi AiAi UgW s z Al
(JAzg, gU WUz : C(0) >
D(0) ; C > D). Dzg `CAiv wAiz' (JAzg,
F UgW s z P JAz Cjv) tz
PU `iUP ' Cj Ez iqvP z
(. 15)
(2) Dg z wAii sQAi zz Az
AzU, zAvzAi wAii sQ vAi
WUz ; Gz PqU
`Z AzA'. Gzgu :
zAvP - Qwzsd | Qwzsd (. 17).
Dg z gzU - , Cv,
Gvg Cvg, CgQwzsdA >
, Cv Ev. (. 18)
(3) sQ vAi zU MqUr
U , zAv z A i D v Ai
WUz ; Gz PqU Aix22 (C>D)

21 F o DzsgVlP Aq ``2-14g M gdPAi A iAg

Az s z z. Cz Aiiz z PAz Jwg P.
`Zzsd ' JAzg Cd JAzzg Cz Az Ez Pq
s g v Az j Az v U z P Aq z Vg z '' JAz
q. UAig H. (P..Z., . 23). `Zzsd + GQ' =
`Z zsd Q' JAz AAiiU P. FVgAv i Q jAiiVz.
DzPgt, F H .
22. Pt zz (15) XPgtP `CAivw'Ai , P
Jgq sQUU vPV Pt U XPgtz
zir, Gz PqU `ZAz' `Aix' JAz
gz zAiP V Ptvz . F AiV Pgd GQU
270 PgdiU

(.20). PUV Png Jgq z U (. 21,

22) W zU CUr AzU
P VAi (` A z z s g' - `
gvAi zsg'), zvz AzU
AivVAi AiUVgz PAqgvz. (PAz
z z 2Ai - 4Ai zAvU UgVg PzjAz,
z sQ A i zAvVzg C W Cg;
vewUU Ez Cvz).
(4) Azs A iAi Wg z A iU Al. Dzg,
Cz EAVg gvP z ; g Cz qU

CavV zg Cv Pr PgzA v
g Vg z A z Gz g t P ( . 24)
iUPg JZjP rz.
z 25-26 : Ai = wj zBT, H = PU,
PVPg. DAig, zjzg , v E dg
CUPAz vA zBRUAqg `Aiz'
F AiP z g QAi z `iU' DUzAz
Gzgt P (.26) - `g QAiUP '
E g z.
z 27-29 : F zU `tUt'z AiUz
UtzU Pjv z.

RavV. (. 117, 118). AiUU PqU, `

g i zA iA WAl - FAz Aiiz, Az
A
ii Mz (Ut jA A iUA)' JAzV
a AiUAz Pngz U.
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(z U

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)
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i Wgz A iU V PAqgvz .
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P PtU zgZU iv CAv Ptvz.
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gAPgzAi, z GQ AiUzAi
CP tU MnU z zz.
`qU
' CP UtUAz Przg JAz t
z Gzz ; DzjAz, E `slP'
EvAiiV CP tU z. (. 28) Ez
jwAi, `CAPZgu'UAi CP tU
GAiVz ; GzqU Pqz (. 29)
CAPZgu = QAi Cx zxz PgU,
PtU, gz (?)
z 30 : ` PqP CwAizz' JAz , EAz
AzP P qz ZgVz `APg' U
i U Pg j v U v .
APgzAi CqPVz. (`AiwsAU' Zg

, `zAi RAq wAizAz
AiwAiA Pg' JAz iUPg Az gz
E Aiz.) (I-75)

Zg
z 31 : E Dg UAi U
iUPg j z.
C AiiAzg : 1. v 2. Av 3. U
4. 5. C(Uv) 6. CAv(Uv)
z 32-34 : (1) v : zz Jgq A i CPg Aiiz
Cz J zUAi Eqz v . j.
I-75Ai z z j g `RAq' B Ez
JAz vgvz. FU Ez d VAi DAz
zVz. zz PqAi Ez `Gg' JAz
zz. `Gg' ( ) JAz t z Eg P
JAz A w . KP Azg 34Ai z z A
Pz CQ (.33) `JAz v A'
272 PgdiU

JAz V , Czg `AAzsPg z ivU A

v EAV g sqAg A qU A' JAz
jz. Pzz, J zUAi `' Pg
Egz U ; Ez Czg `sqAg'. J
z gZU Ai F UAi PzP z
Czs Az Ez `v'.
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)
MAz Az gUAz P rPArz, tAi
A i i P z g , Cz Av z .
Pzz23 (.36), `w-v-w-w' - E z
AAiPPg U
. F AAiPPg U
x AdPg
JqAi MAz UAiiVzg, vg Aiz Ad
g
Pg U

gAiiVgz (AiiP zg
z )
Ptz. Ez Avz Pt.
iz sP = qV z Aiit iqAz
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gUPz CAiAs MzVzU f

23. P z z ` w ' Jz g o ` w ' JAg z A z

|| Ai wAig azg. (P.g.P - sU 2).
U wPz (iUPg II-6 g g Pg)
xAiV Ptvz.
``zzgU, vvz gav `gv nP'Ai PxA
Aiwz. lP DV C P DV Aii Pq
PAz sAvjvz Azs F z z DPg
A AAi''
JAz wAig vg. Dzg, q|| gA. . UAig
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PgP Ez Pq Pw Aiizzg Ev? U FU
JzAzg gvAi PgdiUPg vA v
V
Cz gaz'' JAz CAinzg. (P..Z., .23)
q|| UAig PAi jAiAz v.
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AgQP GAiV, sP (U) (Life-sav-

ing plank). Pz z, A z gdPijAiiz
gvAi EAx izsP w, GUz
UAz Pr CPz zz MAz
AAi JAAv gQ vV zQz. U
zPz fU' JA PxAz. F zz CPg
AAid zz PsAi x jwAi
Afwz ; PqAi z, CAiz PsU Qz P
AvwAi vz CA awz. Ez
CQ, F Avs a zz Cl
`Av' JA j U AiU - JA || wA i g
H dVz ; Dzg Cz yz P.
z 37-38 : (3) U : ``UPgU Aiv
z PV UArzg Cz `PP'
U z''.
Pz z (.38), `P' Uz CPgU P V
z A. (Ez Z-l-v- UPgU
Ez jwAi z GAiVzAz
HPP). `P PU' JAgzjAz
F U Zg i UPgVAv A
ZAig Aiigzg MAz Pt UA xz zg
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Pt UA x P qzVg Pzvz . E P HvP.
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P
V z

Azg, Cz . GZgu A i
zAz F g CPgU
AAzs zjAz
(?), P D g Agz. (4Ai zz `'
Pg gPVz.)
z 41-42 : (5) C : `JuAiPgA ' (JAzg, i Pg U )
274 PgdiU

MAz E Az g C l (C U r Cx
evevAiiV) Az, Cz C(Uv) z.
Pzz (.42), `', `', ` ', `', `' -
U ` ' Pg `Ju A i P g ' V rz
PtPArgzz, Cz `' Pg zz wAiiPg
VAi Az. Ez U.
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Azt zU PqAiAi Elg, Cz CAv.
P z z (. 44), w zz CAvz Ai `vA' JA
CgAiP AAiPPg V Agz
PAqgvz. (CAvzg, wAiiPg
qAw. E `v'Pg wAi PgVgz
B `PPvAi' JAz Ptvz).
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`CwAiAU' (JAzg, Av V P qP iv
z APgU ) JAz , Ez g
(JAzg, Av, . UU ) `sAU'
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JAz z i U Pg tAi Q EAU
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PdAiVg F g UAi U).
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GPz `z' Ai (zAi U AAzsz
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P qz AUV (`EA') wv. (.46). J
g CAUAUU wAi Ai
v v AivUzg Pq, g MgAv
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AiUUAz GQvUz iUU (APg

A i U j w U ) M A z E A z g q
w AiiVz, APgz gZ U

qzP
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CPAz qzAz ; DzjAz PU
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PU `Gvg' v `zQt' JA iUUVg
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PgdiUQAv Az P q Pt UA xz B
Eggz JAz Ci CPz. DzjAz
E `' JAzg s zAr Eg PU

CQAi iUPg `iUUw'Ai szU
gnz JAz U P. Cz, iU Zgz
C zArAi `Pz ' Cjgz
Vz.

24. PgdiUPg F zU a, A z U
g V gg `iUzA i' Zg zAg zzP
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g g CxUUw. P v Azs z iUPg zArAz
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z z
s UrAi iUzAiUU AUV zQu
vg

iUU z. F iU Zgz ZZ Ai `pP'Ai
vPV azAiizjAz E Czg guU vqV.
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gAi jwAi GPVz. zArAi P :
EPQg UqA izsgAvgA v |
vx vzSvA gv Pv ||
- Pz (I-102)
(P, , zz U Ai MAzAzP

CAvgz. Cz j gwU P )
(EPQ g' JAz MAz z
V ElPAq `P
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JAz Cxiqz. DU, AzsavV Cxg
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Zg iPz (r : II-97) CrPArz.)
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z
A
': ``F PAz,
QPAz z Pqz v jvAz
AzV avUvz'' JAz || Ai
wA i
g
CAinz g. iUPg vV Av
Az Ez SvUzz PU GTg.
( I-29-32). GQ A i , `P U ' JA
iZPAz EjVAv Az Ez Av P v
P q EvAiiV J sU PU Gzg ,
E P q PU iv Pjwg JAz v V
zs. Cz -
CP VgA iUB PszB ggA |
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(ZiU Cx iw iU (jw) CP ; MAzPAzP
Eg szU P ; DzjAz, l (ZV Jz Pt)
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szU `zss' v `UrAi' JAgq iUU

iv t
v.)
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vzz PAv PA wPvB ||
- Pz, I-101.
(U, Jgq iUU gg. CU g gtAz
Ez . Dzg, w
PAiAi Eg s zAvgU
P).
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Cwg zjAz, Pix z `PU A' JA
iv AiUVzAiAz CAi.
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zt z `ivA' JA oAvg z. Pz
`CP VgA iUB' JAgzjAz `iUA' JA
o U.
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z V ; U , `P ' v ` s ' JA
AiwPiUtV Jgq GQjwU nPAr.
zQ t i U rv P Ut z
`s S' Cx `s Q' ; CP szU
`PQ' Gvg iUz ZgVz.25

25. PgdiUPg v zQu vg iUguAi zsV

zArAi Pz Cjz. Dzg, s
PQ sQU F Jgq iUU `szPUt'UAz
iUPg Ai z PAqgvz. s Pg,
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iV `P Q'Aiv. DzjAz P
Q Cx CwAiQ
s Pg CAPgUP C i Pt.
PzzAvAi gV tzjAz Zvg
278 PgdiU

z 54 : Ezg zQt iUz v UtU GPV.

zArAi Pg E `zsiU u zU uB'.
iUPg v UtU
CzP AUz
UtU evevAiiV F Az Ptz : -
v, zsg-zsgA, q-B, PAv-PAwB,
Pig-Pigv, i v - i B,

-
zB,
Gzg-GzgvA, vU - Cx QB, Nd -
NdB.26
Az g s Q A i v z . U t i A i z
AzAiv P Pw sz P Q, s QU Pgt.
P
Z vg Azg sQAivz . U ti
Aiz AzAivP Pws z PQ,
s QU Pgt. P P PP s zgAvAi
Pz GQgz Cx tPzAi zz
Azg CAPgU vvz PQ. `ZA Px
Qg APgAi Pv '. P
Qz CAPg... F P QAi
UAi gP CAPgU P
vjz. .... CxAi P QAi Ez P vVAi
PVAi Eg PgAz QVAz rU i
gv P . CAvAi C z s A PP g
v PV M . Uzg qA gzg P v
JAzg, z P . `vAv' Avz U Az Pz
CAPg AzAi g v. P Qz JAzg
Cxz P. U UrAi-zsA Psz
PAi s Pg UvUwP ; qg irPAqz.''
(q|| P. Pw; Pq PAPg - 1961 ; pP, . XLii,
XLiii)
s F iUzAi gPguAi ivU U
PPz U Cz.
zs Uq iU
szA Uq UvUwPzAz
zj gPgAzz gq
A xzA
zA - P.,
. 125
(r : PA. I - 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37 ; II - 84,
85, 86 ; 93).
26. sgv, zAr, - Eg Pg PUtU v. s
ntU 279

z 55 : Aq UtU `AiAiw'Ai (JAzg wjP z

AiU) Gvg iU. (`KA AiAiB Ai
zv Uqv' - zAr.) F zz vvAi
U z Jgq zUAz D P : (1) `vzz '
JA zz CxtAi ; (2) Gvg iUUv Ut
tAi. z z vvAi : ``CU (JAzg, z
zQt iUz UtU) AiAiz AiUAz
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PA ') Gvg
i U. U `'z D (Gvg iUz)
Ut CwAizs QP
Cj, `vz z '
27
(JAzg zQt iUd jwAi) wv.''
1. `vzz': F zz CxtAi z
ztz AzPg U irzg (CvgtP. viii) :
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vv vz
A z Cxiqz CPg t P
zz.
Az zQuvg iUU Pt gzjAz
F zz Gvgzsz `Cz CwAizsQPA
C A' JAz E PVgU `Cz'
JAzP zV `Czg nz' JA QAi
(vz z ) A i Vg F PAi ,
D iUzAi Pt CwAizs QPz (vv)
D PiUAz (s z ) nz F UA xz

izs Ai, Nd, z JA g UtU iv AP V

jz. (PAPg, II-1, 2, 3,). C vzAv, iU
CA iUAz `izs g', P
sU
z Cxw wAz
`z', i Az `Nd' . `Ut' Zgz
iUPg zArAi Cjz.
27. `` U tz D Gv g iU vd (vz )z
P A zs z j .'' - Ez Ai wA i g gu
.
280 PgdiU

JA dvvA E aA z vvg
z. F UAxP UAx vAvAz
a Ez Pq, dAi PiUA UA x
F PgdiU UA x Cjz JAz wzg
P PiUz CvP P jAiiUz.''
zUA v `AZvA v' z GTg `dAig
PiUA' JA UAx v `PgdiU'Az
z gAz UA x ? Vz Pz CzjAz F
UAx nzAi? - JA ZZ E (Pv AiP
ZZAi pPAi irg Pgt) CP. v
zz A zz `zQt iU'z GRzAi
gv `PiU'z G R; FCzP AZAiizg
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GR. Vg, `vv' JAzP `PiU' JAz
CxAiiqz HU Pz. DzjAz,
U v z `z Q t i U ' z
V `vv' AiUVzAiAz Cx
iqz zs.28
2. iUPg Gvg iUz Ut vPV

28. F UU, Ai wAig z ztz AzPg

CAi gPjgzg, CAiP v z
CAi Azg. Cg gu EAwz : ``UAxPg F
zAz Az xvB zQt iUz, v GvgiUz
UtU U P t P U gA v. Gv g
i U P t P z P `v z z ' JAz g D
GvgiUsUt Azsz JAz Cx.''
|| .JA. .Aig `vzz' JAzg o `vz Aiz'
JAgzAz Hzg. Ez MPAqg ``Ut
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iqz.
ntU 281

Pt zg V j. zQt iUz PU Pl,

C Gvg iUz U `AiAiv'Ai
Ai U U v z JAz v jz . EAv ,
zQtiU PAzszAi GvgiUUt
z g z jAz, `zQ t i U d ' jwAi
(vz z
) Gvg iUz `U t' Cgz
JAz wAiP.
z 56-58 : (Azs) (zQt iU) : ` QU
Jq gz CAzAl EA (E) z zz s z
PA = `PzP vAzgAiiUzAv (JAzg, t
sU V) CAz A erz zU
equA i
P ` ' (JAzg, z ). Ezg vgq zs:
(1) zAzs ; (2) lAzs (zArAi Azs
`z', `l', `zs ' JAz UAiiV AUrz.
ztUz JAzg CuPg vzz
zAzs ; ltU JAzg tUz
lAzs ; tUz Azs). z l
AzsU Pt guAi iUPg zArAi
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PU 58 Ai zz CqPUAr. CtUz
ztU zz zszAi, t
vUz (W,zs,s,R) l (r rAiiz) tU
GvgzszAi A iUVgz Uz.
DAiv = gz, z, PguAU =
PguAz Prz PqUt l. dW = Alz
AsU, vA. Aizsg = . zs g = zsj z ,
v. zsT = ZAzT.
z 59 : `AzsAvPA' - `Azs Vgvz'
JAz , z z Gvg zs
z D Azsz
Gzgu A i
282 PgdiU

Pnz. Azs z Azs. JAz , Ez

zQt iUz AiAiPv ; zQtiUz
Azs AiUU ztUU wAii
P , Z , v , l v g s A i P A Ai P P g U
Ai UVg z P s Uz U z.
zQtiUz Azs PPtU P j,
P Pz P GvgiU rz.
(Ez P AzAi Cjz). EzjAz,
zArAiAv iUPg zQtiU PwAiAz
v. Avi Uz Pt P qP Cr
vg
iUPg PAq gvz.
`'z `' JAz wAiP gv
Azs z JAz wAiUz . Gvg iUz
Cz `Ut'.
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QU EAVg ivU equAi zs g Ut.
PtAz Vg D Uz iw jw
( P t Az G Q v z P U ) Jgq
iUUAi Vz.' - Ez z z vvg .
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``zsgA gza gw |
Ai izAw Av zs zsvB |
- Pz I, 51
(iv gvVgz (AiiVgz) zsg ; D `gw'
(). `'Ai (JAzg Cxz) Egvz. zsAz
zAU PgAv D Az Avg g
gUvg) .
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jgAv, `Ez zQt
iUs zz
zsgg AiU ; DZAi (PtP? ) U
AvAliqvP (Z)v (JAzg, iw
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g ).' F Pzz gv gAsz tz.

x = AiiU, DP. MU = vAi,
wAi, Pg ; wAi PqU.
z 63 : `Ez zz Gvg i U U z r' (.62)
Ez gvz tAi.
dzsg = q. CP = jt. PAi =
; sAq. Czs jv = Dzsg ; DAi.
zQu vg iUU F Jgq P zUAi QU
EAVg tU zU equz. (zsg
Ut AzszAvA i CPg AAi dAi
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vPt. PV jz, `QUq
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AivPV QVAz zU AifP).
`QVzV Z gZ ' Jgq i UUU
i Ptzg , Egq g q t P vU

UgwPP. zAi P z z (61)
zAvPgU (Czg V `') zs,
JgqAi Pzz (63) PAo v zsU
(V `P' v `') zs
Ptz ; r
rAiiz mPg GvgiUz EAz
Pt.
z A r Ai ` P z ' z ` v '
`g ' VgzAz (JAzg, i zsAiAz
PrgzAz) (I-52), Ez Uqg (UqjwAi
Cjg ) (=Ovg Aig) DzjA z CjU
u Z AiAz, Dzg zsg
(=zQuvg) v wgAz z
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(I-54).
[v JAzg, KPwAi Cx MAz z
l (PAo, zs, v Ev) tU
zU AiU (I-52)].
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zgPqzAz zArAi C v. JAz
`izsg' Cx DVgPAzv. iUPg
Ez r. (Ai wAig JgqAi
Pz Cx Gvgi UzvP JAz
azg.)
z 64-65 : q (Azs) : tU MAzAz CUz
`vU'PArzg (MvVzg) Cz qAzs. EzP
wjPV, CuPgUAz Prg gZ y.
65Ai z z zs `q'P Gvg zs `y'P
PU.
zArAi g `' iUPg qA z.
qAzs GvgiVAiAz (Uq), y
zQtiVAiAz UP.
AiU ZVgz qz Pt. E y
(r) JAzg zAiP JAz wAiPqz ; Cz
Utz EAz Pg.
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Utz AivA PAvA CVvxA' JAz zQt
iUz PAvUtz Pt w, 68Ai z z
`CAsvxA Gz PA Gvg
i UUvAvgA ' JAz
OvgAi `PAv'Ut jz. zQtiUz
`PAi'z (Ai) `CVvx'Azg,
A rv g z i jU P q A i A v ,
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ntU 285

Ez zArAi PAz Uvz.

``PAvA dUvAvA QPxwPiv |
vZvzs t zv ||'' - I, 85
(Pzz
s CwP
z EgzjAzV `PAv'
dP

g
Vgz. Cz PvAi guA i iv

z
,
tUAi PAqgz.)
z 67g zQt iUP Pz. Cz Aiiv
d CsUv X CxUArz. Cx
gu : ``Ai QgtU qz q t vg

P Arz g P q, v Pt g A i
glV, Vrz PvAi Pl
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gVAv PiVz Ai z
Pv A iAU Aiiv Ce A Pv A i vVvA
Cx Aivz.
W g = (x) qU qt vg ;
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Solitary place : Apte). zsAv = Pv ; CeA Pv.
Cg = zg, sAiq (`sAi' - ..z.)
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`Gz P' VgAxz , JAzg i dg As
iqzAx (ZzAx) Cx Az, `Gz'
jwAi (JAzg W zAg Z
A v) GP Vgz.
Ez DAi zAr E V g :
``Pwv Evxzsg QvB |
AixwvAw zU vg dB ||'' -I, 89
(PwvVz CzsgU CQAv CvQAi
CxAz zAg Avqg gv Evg dg).
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286 PgdiU

: ``Piz v DUA dzsgU ()

MV PAi K GAizAv vAi,
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DUivAz vz - JAz vvAi).
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ivz, Cx DVzAiAz U P.
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gU gz
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Jg q A i P z z Cs U v DU
`dzsg'UA z C `CAv ' vAiAz
gPirgz `CAsv' ; Cz, `szs U',
`zAv ', `Zjv ' (Zjv + J = ZjvVz),
Avz A i U U `Gz P ' U JAz g
ArvA iz .
z 70-72 : Pig Ut : Pigz (P, PP z )
CPg U

Az zU Az z A iU (Azs )
Pigz.' 72Ai Pz z, ,, - F
P tU Z g Ptz. (J tU
Pzg Azsz yz AmUzAz zAr
JZjz. - Pz, I, 69). Ez zQtiUP
P. EzP AiAiV `g'z (PP z)
zsPgU z Gvgi Uz jw ; 72Ai
zz Gvgzs EzP z. Ezg w--g- v-
v-x-z, F PP tU Z g Ptz ;
Cz, wz + Cg + sw + Cw + Gzg, zs +
Cx + s - JA W i U
Uz.
v (vU) = Ai. J = ZAz.
CP = zAAq. J (JU ) = , wq,
ntU 287

PPAPg = V v. Zvvw = i gU
UA.
z 73-77 : i v Ut : `MAz' (MAz zxz, JAzg
CzP AAzs l ) ivU
`vAzg
' (EAz
z x z ) ` C z El P q q '
(Gz PV Dg AzAv zg) Cz
ivz. Ez zAr `i' AiAz :
``Czsvv Pig |
UAiv Aiv iB vAix ||'' -I, 93
(PgzAi gz MAzg zs EAzP ZV
Dgz i. (`Pigzs' JA iw
DAi `Cz' JA MAz aP iwAz, `P
CAiv' JA ivU `El Pq q' JA
ivUAz Cg iUPg CZUqz U
ZAwz).]
z 74 `iv'P P ; Ezg vvAi : `PU
a P wg ( q wg ), A zs A z
PrPArg, Cgwg PUA QU
MqAi; PvA i Ag irz Dz g
Gzz.' 75Ai z z, `U' JAzg
(74Ai z z g ) `v' (=g az) , `G'
(=g vg z), `v' (Agi q l) , `D A'
(=DAU , P rP Arg z ) - Avz
`Zzs'U (Pt AvzU d
QAiU ) P , Avz U `z
' (Dg)
z `i vAPg'z - JAz P z P
gu wz.
(E, `ivAPg' JAzg, MAz `CxAPg'z Pg
JAz iUPg Gzgg JAz vgvz. KPAzg
288 PgdiU

Az C `ivAPg' CxAPgz Pgtz

(r : III-123) v
PV az. D i vAPgz
Pt
gAiizg
, F `i vU t'z CxAPgz U
EgzjAz, Ez iUPg PP CAPgAiUz
JAz Gzgz JAz wzg vUz).
`i v'Utz EAz P z (76) : F z z A i
A zz `v', `v' Avz zU
AiUVzg E Zx iv wwz ,
MAzg zs EAzP Czsgu iqw.
77Ai zz zsz, `F P UAz CP
zAiUAvg' CjzAz wgzjAz, F
Ut JAz . Dzg, z Pz z
(75) Cxz `PAP' (Pv) EgzjAz Cz Gvg
i VAi Az Zx z s z z zQ t
iVAiAz sz. Dzg, Jgq A i P z
zsz Czsg EgzjAz Ez PtP
AAzslAv `CP zAiUAvg' Gzj
( r : Pz ; I, 94-99), `F i
(iv)AiA Ut P. PUg Ez
Dzg' (I-100) JAz.
z 77-78 :
Ut : `P
zz Cx Azg V
s V w Pz ivUjP'Ai . `gv z
z DPz ZAz gAiwv ' JAz
Pz z (.78) zs z gz QU Az
(zQuv iUz) wzg, Gvgzsz Cz

zx Qz UAz (OvgAi iUz)
z. `v w UrAiw g qs v'
(`PgtArv z Cwgqsz U
UrAijU Ai') JAz zAr (I, 46)
V gAv
ntU 289

iUPg Gvg iUz Pt

wzg
,
Pz g ivUAz (Gz., gv = Av
Ai, PgA = Gvg QgtA) C DAi

UAwz.
(zArAi `zUt' E `' JAz Pgz. JjU
wAiAwgz v Cx
zU t. `w
wsUA ZB'
(`JjU wAiAwg ivU') JAz iUPg
`Pwv sU PA' JAz Cz.)
z 79-80 : Gzg : vvAi : ``MAz CqVg
Czg ds js Cz `CUiU'
(CwAiUAv) gzg Cz GzgUt. Zg
irz, Pz zAi `UU' (QwU, U)
Cz CUv Pgt. Czg jw U.''
F Ut zAr U jz :
``Gv UtB PzP wAiv |
vzzgAiA v x PzwB||'' - Pz, I-76
(Aiiz zjAz Gv
Az Ut w
vUz
Cz Gzg. P zwAi EzjAz (x wAiAv)
iUvz.)
zArAi DAi iUPg j z. iv
; zArAi P g, Uuv Cx UuwAi
z `Gzgv' ; iUPg gU, `Eg Ut
CwAi ir z' Gzg Ut. F P v
U P.
(`Jz, qg zAi Cz Rz
zg P, v Cz jw g Aiig R q'
- Ez zArAi Pz vvAi. E, zArAi jgAv,
gd vUUtz Gv avVz.)
iUPg Pz z (80) vvAi : `Av Gzg
290 PgdiU

g v g Aii jzg? U U
PAzg Pq, Cg zvAigAU QqAiiqv,
Cg DAU Az zU As U Rz Cg
29
UAi.'
Pz GPz gd Gzgv C s P
Ut, UU PAz Cg Gzgv
gzAz tgz C Ut Cw
zAvVz.
CU = v, CwAi. U = Sw, U. AU =
jw, U. Cgw = U. jgAs = DAU. g =
Ug, g (zs., ).
z 81 : z zQtiUz GzgU tAz ,
`GZz Gg tAivzA ... Mg' (`Gvg
iUz z tUE Az Prg guA i
Pg Eqg') JAz GZ (Gvg) iUz
GzgUt wz.
zArAi Ez `UrAi' JAz V wz, U
z :
``WuAiPzgA Pv |
Aix Ad Qqg iAUzzAiB ||'' -I, 79

29. | Ai wAig agAv ``AVgeU

uVz `gv', `Gzg' zz gzU
CW (PAi DAizvz v AU) Ai F
zz tvVgAwz'' JAz Hz.
F Gzg Ut AzsUvVgz CxUvVgz U .
DzjAz, `Uv wAi CwAi ir F Gzg
UtAz CxAPg s zU
U
Rz `CwAiQ'
dgP. iv. EzjAz GzvAPg (P.g.i.,
III, 173) GAmVgP' - JAz Ai wAi g v.
(P.g. P-2)
ntU 291

(Wz tUAz Prgz GzgAz Pg

Eavg (`Mg'). UAzg `Ad', `Qqg' , `iAUz'
Ev jwAi.)
iUPg, Ad (zPV) ElP ,
Dlq, vg), iAUz (az vA) JA
zArAi GzguQU ElPArz. 30
z 82-84 : v U Q : (. 82) `UPg
(U Ug , U g ), q U g , g ,
ddPgg (Qv), Pg (?) - Avzg
gU UiU, JAzg Ur CAv
ivPv
Az Prgv . DzjAz, Jgq iUU A i
CU fP. (. 83) Ez `UQ'Ai

30 `Ad' z ztz AzPg `Ad' JA

o ElP
Arzg. P U zg, Pjg
oPg o jAiAz .
`avavP A' JAqA i iv P z. z `Qqg'
JA z l Cz g q A i `av av ' JAz
El P ArzA i ? Vg z A z s `av a v ' =
`DAiPgz av' JAz Ai wAig Cxzg.
`CPA' JA Gz iw CAi U? `av avPA'
JAz `-avP A' JAz wP Aq, `iAUz, Ad,
avav, E zz' (zAi `DzAiB' JAz)
JAz CAiix iqz. U vgz U : `av av'
J A z v P G z g u Ai . ` G Z z G g
ttAivzA iAUz Ad av avPA
EAv M g ' JAz C A i i q P : `Gv g i U z
W tUAz Prg iAUz Ad Avz U
DAiPgz Gv (Pg) Eqg'.
`GZgg' JAzg o `GZzg' (GZg + Gg)
JAgz? DU `Mg' JA QAiizP `GZg' (Gvg
iUzg) JAz PvUvz.
292 PgdiU

zr Pz . E `vz' z Cx
`Cxz' z U (Cs ) zU . U r
AU v z z Ezg
t z. Cs
zg CxAzAiz `Z'vz
F UAi `Ui ' zUz A iUzg
`iU'Pz z JzAz iUPg
CAi. (Dzg, zPg tz `U Q'Ai
j. `vz', `Cxz' zUAi Cz
iUArz JAz wAiP). (.84)
Pzz CAi , `x lrz
nz ; DvU P' JAz
ir zg, Uv MAz wU Ml Cz
`
v U Q' JA Ut DUz. z AzU
CxzAzU Cs UzA v, CwZvAi l,
Urg Avz CAv dg iw jwAi
CqPV z, Cz GsA i iUU Ai Ut
DUz. (Jgq iUUU g g PU
iUPg Pn. 83Ai z `Ovg Ai vU 'P
P VgzA wA i g
P xAi.)
zAr `CxQ' JA Ut l, Czgq A i
F v U QAi jz iUPg. izs gU t
guAi Azsz xizs g g
a U z A r, J CAPg U Cx P
Urzg C Uvz fvVzg
D P Z xV v' JAz
(I-62), U vAi z-zU U Gzgu U

Pnz. Dv Png Jgq P z U (I-63,64)
iUPg GAiVPAq, ` v U Q`Ai
Pz.
ntU 293

Qv = ddUg ; AZP. A = ZV M =
Mz, v j (zs.M ; - ..z.). V
= ( Pz) jvl (z., U : . I-
58 g nt r). g = gAz irz
; ( g z AA i Av ) A z g v ,
zAiz , gt.
z 85-86 : NeUt : `i zU
APA v,
MV (`,), ZV (`AiiV') DZ ir
zg, Cz NePtUz. CAPg vz
Ez Uz gZU . (.86) v (+v)
Ai U U vz (JAzg , Ai P U
AiUU PAqg) F NqUt zzAi
Ut vgz.' (UAzzjAz, Ne Ut
Pq Av i z s
V PwgZ iqz
P P g JAzv). `DzjAz F Ne Ut
`CUzs g ' (Cg P xg ) iv ZV
DZ ir, UAv PwAi A iVP.'
F AAzsz zArAi PU :
``NdisAivz Uz fvA |
zzQuvzPA gAitA ||'' - I, 80
(i U
DP Nd, Ez Uz z fv, CzQuvg (JAzg,
UrAig) zzAi EzAz Zg). UAzzjAz,
NeUt zAig P UzzAi, UrAig
UzzUgqgAi g JAz vvg. iUPg
zArAi CjwgzjAz, isz UzgZ
zQtiUz NqPtAz, Cz jwAi UzzUgqg
gZ Gv g iUz NqPtAz CjAiP. Dzg
i
s
z PwgZ
Uz QAv z z
PP g

A z, DzjAz
xgzg iv CAx zPwgZU PqPAz
294 PgdiU

iUPg (`UzA UAwg CUzs jqU

PwAieUtA' JAz) JZjP rz.)
z 87-96 : F v zU, z gZAi Pzsz
NeUt Pzg izU U
AiVPAz PUAU iUPg
jz. F Azsz , UrAi zjwUU
zAr Pq PU z U P :
UrAi :
``CPAiPAAg |
vvsw gt ||'' -I, 82
(CP gQgt AgAiiz gtAi (
Uv) v gPV Pwz.)
z
s g DqAgz, zAiAU z, i :
``AizsgvmvAUUAzsvAP |
PPivgA Zv gt Pjw ||'' - I, 84
(Aizsg
vm
vA U U Azsv

CAPU
U
v
Aiig v PivgV iq?)
Pqz gZAi zsgu AvzQ Av zzjAz,
iz AidAi Zgz P qP CAv
iUPg P zU rz.
i UPg Av Zgg Cj
Cj, dvA i gAiA zP F A
PtP zU (87-110) zU .
z 87-88 : ``z PwAi, rrAiiz zU gz g
JAzg z (=`PP z' ) PgP QAiAi
PV z Cr, D P PgP AAzsz
tAiP gz W GZguAi i
zU AiVP (.87). U iqz, z z
zAi W z AiV, Czg
ntU 295

vAi C zU (`PP z') zg,

Cz P (Pzjz UU) vAi U `g'
Vgzg (PtVgzg ) Az.''
vU = vU , j, Ej. PP z = riv.
= WVgAv.
z 89-91 : Pu Utz P U . `g w AiA...
dvlz CtA PAqA' : F PgPzU
QAiiz r ivU. E vAigzjAz,
zz NdvUt zzg, F UAi gZ
AzgVgAz (.90), 91Ai P
z z z P z ( . 89) zs
GvgzsU vAi ir gZ `Pg'VgAv
Cz rVz.
(z P z z `s S' PAqgzjAz
Cz zQt iUz PA z, wz g
`Pg
Z
' PAq
gzjAz Cz GvgiUz PAz Ai
wA i
g
CAiq vg. Dzg, F UU UA xz

Z)
Pv = P. Ct = .*
z 92-96 : i z
A iU iUAvg guA i F
z z Azjz : CA iig vvA i : ``PwAi
A iUU g g zU i g z
gvAzg PAzs JAU CAzVg ;
DzjAz, F z AiiU VAi
(JAzg iqz, rAi) P.''
izU `Cg AiiV Uz qzPA
NePtA' JAz (.85), E `iV '

* r : nt 6 (CAzs - Dw : 1968)
296 PgdiU

JAz Pzg, Ez `Cz' v A z s P.

U `V ' PgtAz 94-95Ai
z U j z . C j Ai i V
CxirP Pzg, z P z U P:
Czg 9. 93), `jzvVzA' JAz QAiiz ;
`jP zs v gz ggP Po
gA
iAiv z z A '
JAz Czg Pv ; `sgvg gW P
Qzsg' JAz (sQ l Az)
PPgP. F PvPUgq t zU q
i Ag U . ``U QAiiz
Z V q z j Az (JAz g Cz g P q U
NzjAz), iV nU D ()
z ` x'zjAz, Cz `P'Uz''
(. 94). (`P' JAzg, CxwAiiV gAz
zz g PgvPz. E ` x' (A + Cx)
JAzg z i z v J CAiU
Cx PrPAq QAiAiAU CAiUz.
z z , Q zs g JA z U AU
CUrPArg tU Czg CAUU Cx
CAiU). `vVzA zzA' JAzU, Pvz
(VgzjAz) v tU Cx Az
l, vAz QAiAiAU vU P vz ; UV,
i z Pvz `x'. U, (.95)
``P i Jgq Pr zg, JAiizg
31
MAz Pq UP zgPvz ; (U U Pv

31. `UAiww UPA ; vvv UPvA' JAz w. E `UP'

JAzg `CxUP' JAz UP. `CxUP' JAzg `Cx
g q z'. `P g U v Vz g
CxU Pv
Azg, Cz zAi xAiUz.
ntU 297

Aiizg) Czg J P JPzg (JAzg

P v i v P rg CP
PUPzg) (`PA Cz JA J'),
CAz iq.'' jrz UAz 96Ai
Pz z vjPnz : `sgvg gU P
Pt' JAg `... Pt'
JAz, `jP.... AiAivz z

A ' JAgqA i
`ZA (Cx AiAivA) zzA' JAz
i rzg P Vz
irz. EzjAzV tAz V
Gz ; z i v, Czg PAz
Gz ; z U Cz Ag tz
PgPvP sA UA.32
Azs g = g , Az g = C ,
i Ugz. g = q, A ; zgP ,
GAmU. (`G, v Z. - ..z). =
Aiiq, APAiiUAv iq, CAzU
(ZgPgu.' - ..z).
z 97 : ``QgU qzAvg. .. CAv Av s zsA '' Ezg gu U V
II- z 47-48g ntAi r.
z 98 : FgU , P gZAi g g UtU
P U Pzg P Azs Jgq i UU
Vg PAz iUPg jg . F z z,
`Pz z UuzAi vgg Jgq
UAz, Cz `P
' JUz . `iUP'z Cz jr P
- JAz z rz iUPg.
32. t xisQA i qzg `CAiR'z vAi
PgP zz sQA
i vz, zgZ P
Vgwv. (r :
..z. v 140).
298 PgdiU

iUz wU ZV Zg PV gZ
ir, Z gZ g z PrPAq U
jwAi Cz ga' JAz iUPg az. 33
(Ezj Az , - Z g Z g AdP U z ,
UuzAi vg Av P Azs g uA i
iqAwzg Pz U E Z - JA
iUPg DAi PUvz ; Pvvz gz
zs z Cj iUPgU EvA z Uvz) .
z. 99-100 : F Jgq zU, z GQAzs
GAiVzjAz z g P l
UzAz
iUPg jz :- (1) `gA m QA'
(P l
P) : Azsz `zAzs' , `lAzs' JAgq
sUU F AzAi jz. (r : z 56-
58g nt ) . PAzsz ltU A iU gg
AdP. (2) `Gzgv A Pg ugA zZgu AzA
(PlP)' : J gUAi Pgug CvAv
Gzgzz. F gz s P. P
zAi PgV, Pg ug CsP
gPzg, AgUvz OzggP.
Gzgs Z ztUAz Prz
rUU iv zs. Ez zZgu, Cx
zAzs. Ez Pq Azsz MAz s z. (r:
.242). (3) `CzvgA qQUAzA (Pl P)':
Cz v g z D g , g U .

33. `UtUU g g
v' Pgz iUPg vAvP
JAz
U . ``PgdiUPgU z zAr, sg U
F P Pt'' JAz q|| P. P w wzg (P qz
Pvv, .9). iUPg F P J s Aiiv
JAz AgU PAiUU zVz.
ntU 299

DgAmzU C sA Cx zs sU
t U GAmUvz . DzjAz, EAx A s z
juz Czv g Aliq A z, Cx
MAzgq MAz PrPAq MvVg, AAiPPg
Zgz, `q' Azs x. (4) `AUggA
PigQUA (Pl P)' : AUgz s
`gw'; gws Pigzz, Pzz ; DzjAz
D sPP Pigvg (P) tUAz
Prz `Pig' Azs AiUzz. (5) ` AvzA
gA vv A UAgvg QA (P l
P)' : Avg z
s , JAzg CjqUzgz Pg
s ; Czg Pt , wj Dz g gz
A v
` UAg'; F s Pl r ` Ut'Az
Prz GQjw (z 77-78g nt r) vP z .
(`CtNUzg v' JA P v ex UAxz
`Av'gP `Av' (=Av) JAz GTVz. -
s.P.., (l 28, Cr nt).] (6)
`gizsgQUA (gA CP)' : z
Cx z. `zsg Ut'P CUv z
zsgQ Cv QVAz iv g wwU
Pj. KPAzg, MAz zsgz s. (E,
`' JA iv z Cxz UP).
(7) `svgAvgA y Azs Az (gA CP)':
Czv g `q Azs' Az wvU, sv
CzP wjP z `y Azs' Az w AiiUz.
sv g
z
s dU Cx C v. y Cx
rz gZ rrAiiz CuPgU
Az vz .
``Czv gs z Dg U CAvg AU
rPvV iqz U F P PjPAi
300 PgdiU

CAvgAU rV irqz. zAi

yPj s (Cx) Az Kq A
i sv
yAzsAz jvPz. F yAzs Gvg
iVAi Ut'' JAz Ai wA ig
CAinzg. (P.g.P-2). ( CAiz
yAzs zQtiVAi Ut. z 64-65g nt
r). (8) `sAiiPzv gA AzsA
(gA CP)' : AzsP wjPzz Azs
(-Azs UtPtP 56-58, 59 F z U
ntU r). `sAiiP' gz sz
`sA i' s P l r Azsz P,Z,v,l v
gsA iQ AAiPPg Z
gz Azs jAiizz.
(sAiz wAi l UzjAz Cz
P r z Azs Ai U Az
iUPg CAigz). (9) `HfvQUA
Cwgz A (vAUz iUvA gA ) CP'
: (E `vAUz iUvA gA CP'
JA P 100 A i z z G P z ,
P v z z g , J g Z P U U
CAiUvz. UAi, 99Ai z z `P l P' JA
QAiiZP Pq). gzg
z
s P zs. P zs

HfvVgvP JAzg zqsV AwgvP
s. Cz PlU `HfvQ'U DUP.
P z q A i U l A v i v U
HfvQU. NePtz i z s z
GQ Hfv Q JAz i U Pg
zgAv vgvz. (NeUt PtP z 85-
86 g nt r).
z 101 : vvg : `ivU Aii DU, Gt g
ntU 301

iUU U CUtVg Ai UU Az Pr
zVg P qz C Ut GAliq.
(JAzg, iv Aiiz Dzg Cz Gvg
E z Q t i U z w U C g V
AiUVgPAz CAi). DzjAz, zAg
`wgAvg' (vAU) Pg GQjwAi
tAi F vgz P.'
`ZgZ iUvAiU UuUtV U
gAz PrPArgz' (.98) JA
z P C U tV 99-100 A i z U
vvAAzsz Pt guAi irgzjAz, F
(101Ai) zz `ivUA...'' EvAiiz
i z 102jAz 110g gV zU
jg Pq ivU AiUZgP Cvz
JAz U P. (Ez F z iUPg gz
`gP Z ' U A
iUZgP CvzA iAz
Ai wAig CAi.
z 102-107 : F Dg z U
, P P q QAiizg U
GsA iiUUAi U AiUzg zs, U
A
iUzg Czs JA Ai wAiz.
F g V i U Z n U z A rAi
CjzVz. PqP iv AAzslAv irg
F iUZ PiAU iUPg v A v z
PqU.
z 102-103 : q, q - F QAiigU
Gvg i U ZP ; ,
E - `zQt iU
34
ZPuv' gZ .
34. Pgd `qPgPz i z P A
iU' U, iqA
= iA, qA = A, qA = A, UqA =
302 PgdiU

F zz zs GvgzsU AiUVg
`CyUuyv PP', `Gzv ZgUt' JA
tU M `w'Ai PjvV. D w
vAU EgP.
z 103 : zz zAwg `q -
, q - ' g U Cj,
q > , Pq > P, Pq >
P , v q > v ' JAzV
AiVPqzAz iUPg z. (Jgq
i U U A i , q Ev g U
AiVz gv, Ev gU
zU.)
Cy = q ; AiiZP. CxAZAi = tz
g. C = w. q = r, zsj. CtA = .
P = Ai.
z 104-105 : g, Eg, vg - F zsvUU `E'
vAi j z j, Ej, vj
JA QAiigU `zQtiU svA' JAzg
z Q t i U P z r. C zs v U
GvgiUz j, Ej, vj JAzV
wv (AiiUv).
F Jgq zUAi MAz AUw gvVz.
`PAv AzAvgP j ; (C Dv )
Av Ej ; CAv x RzsPUz
PgtU 35 (GP VAi) vj ; U,

UA - JA zAvU Pnz. (..z.,P...zt

;
. 18-19, .21). Dzg AiU PQ C
iUsz PAi ir.
35. `(Awj CAv) CAv RAUv AU PgtAUA'
ntU 303

sAU AvAz gAi

(Pq)' - JAz Ai v PjvV
(B) v PU (104 Ai zz) z
Ai gAi ivU iUsz zPV
gVz.
CA = , U . CWA = x Uz. CPA
= AvAz, sAwUz.
z 106 : 105Ai zz GvgiUP PUVg
j, Ej, vj JA QAiigU `'Pg
(`E' vAiP DzV Az `') Gvgvg
(iU)z vV, C `j', `Ej', `vj'
JAzUv.
E t v Vg A i Jg q
z Uz.
Gvgvg iU : EzAz Pq gv, g
JAi F iUszz . iUPg
GzP zQuvgA Jgq iUU (`GsAi
i U ', ` i U v A i ' EvAi i V) P jv
w g z j Az , Ez Gv g i U z MAz
s zA z U P. CzPAz Cz Gvg vg JAz
Vgz.
oPg zt, z zt - EgqgAi Eg o
E PjVz. gAi oAvgU UP A : Dzg,
|| .JA..Aig `CAU RAUv' JA t wzl
azg. (Q.J.M.S., Vol.XXIII-No.3 ; . 440). Cz
CAVPgAiUAz Ptvz. KPAzg, 105Ai zz, Ez
Cx Pq `gvgU... PgtAUA' JA ivU ;
106Ai z z 2Ai AQAi `CAU SavAU' JA,
`CAU' JA z AiUVz. Pg i zAz `CAU'
`CAv'Vgz.
304 PgdiU

z 107 : zQtiU ZPUz j, Ej,

vj - E j (), Ej (), vj()
JAz Gv g v Gv g v g i U U
A i U U v A i Az z , F U
Cz F zz iUPg wz.
Jgq iUU A
i (`iUAiUz '), - `g
'
JAz z gv `(DA) g' JUz ;
`g' JAzz gv `(DA) g'
JUz .36
z 108-110 : F Az , 52-86 A i z U
PtP AiP jg zQu vg
iUszUU E CPvg PUV. A
P z U , zs g , q , EvAi i V
AzsUvV. F g Pz U Ptg
gAi iUPtUU JAz iUPg
j. w z z zs z zQt iUUtV

36. j, Ej, vj JA QAiizU g, Eg, vg JA

zsvUU guxz `E' vAi jz. `g', `g' -
E zsvUV ; EP v guxP Ev Ai w
Uz
Pgt, `E'U `' DzV gAw.
`gq ' JA Cxz `g - g' JA gAi zsv Ez.
g : `g' zsvAz g() JA g zsAi.
Pgd . 232g, sz `'Pg `'PgzU `'PgP
vAmUzAz , (vUA >) vA, (UA >)
A, (GzA >) GzA JA A iUU Pnz.
P.g. iUz AiUz QAiizU sv ZPU.
(110Ai z z `UzAi' JA A iU U.)
``Pgt UAxU `E', `', `' vAiU GRzAiz,
CU DAii U
U Ez JAz gP V'' (Ai
wAi : P.g.P - sU 2)
ntU 305

MAz AUwAi t, Cz Gvgzsz Gvg

iUUtV g z ; 108Ai z z
`x' s g tz ; 109Ai
z z , Cz ` Az ' a U t z
GRzAU, D U sP (s ?)
`zz Vz' G Rz. (B D
s Az) AvA `zsg QAz
Pr gz' JAz 110Ai zz t
Ai.37
= Ej, U. = , P.
MAi = , zsV. wz = U. =
. i, Pl = Qjl. R = PAaz,
q, Mqt.

zg P - av
Azs

`PgdiU'z JgqAi jZz AtV

` APg t tAi 'P Vz .
APgU jzP z, PjgP
CAPgAiUz P zU j, P

37. F g zU ``PV ZgZ zwU sz, D

gZU V DyP Psz, D CxUV CAPggt
Psz - EU v PAPUq zQuvg iUszU
PUAv v gz'' JAz CAing Ai
wAig D CAU v `P.g. iU P' (sU-
2)z g V iUUvA w v P QP vA'' JA iUPg
Ptz Cg ZU gP Vz, v zU D
s zPU tU
lUz Cg GzVz. Cg Z
P u Az Prz U Vzg s
PjAiiVz
JAz U vg.
306 PgdiU

P AiUz wAi wPnz. ZgAz

APg P gt dV gAsUvzA iz.
CAvg, PjgP sA iAliq `Ut'U
`Azs ' U z A rAi A Q A i C j
zQu vg i UzA i sUjAiiV t z.
F sUz UtU Azs P gU
U CxuU
gw wU zsP U U JAz UA rz.
F APg AZz Pv AzAiz JAi
znzU Cz `z g ' V (g a P V)
iv z `av' VAi (AiPjAiiV) jtvz .
EAx `Azs' gz Ez P Z vg
gAiiUvz.
s `PAPg'z zg Pz GR.
i U Pg zA rAi `Pz 'z g
UwP zgP U U P U iv Png v;
PtU .
PgdiUPg zUv vUv, zUv vUv,
Uv vUv, Czs Uv v Uv, UqsZ v
x, KPPj,
z Pj , Cv, g , vsz , gvg , UwP,
AiP, Czss t, gdAzs, QAiiUP, ZP - F
av Azs s zU U P U Pnz. (F P z U
- 115 jAz 136 - P bAz g z U .
EU UwP, gd, Avz P z ewU
CPgU DAii avPwU CqAv avgz
zz; U irzU CU gz
CjUz. Vzg Pq, F zgAzsU P
CRz Pgt, C avU P vj
A ivP vqV. (Pv g z zt z
7Ai j z P n g P av AzsU
ntU 307

jz).
z 112-114 : iUPg j g Azs P gU

F g P zU j, ``E jwAi
AiUU zg PU, EU PszU
E AiV vjv'' JAz V rz.
z 115-118 : E `UvvUv' JA CAPgz
s zU . Uv v Uv JAzg z
A iUzz v A iUUz, g PUz.
115Ai z `zUvvUv'P zAv ; 116Ai
z `zUv vUv'P zAv. Egqg o
ztVgAwz ; Cz JgqAizg wAi
z zs z U A x v Vz . Dz jAz , E U
g U CxU UAw.
z 117 : Ez ` U v v Uv ' . z z V
(AzAzV) Nzg JgqAi z, JgqAi
z V Nzg z z DUAv
CP g A Ai dA ii Vz . EAv Uv z
v Uv Vz : ``Ez v AU E M zs zt
g tAiiVgAv vgvz'' JAz Ai
wAig Cx Aivnzg.
z 118 : CzsUv vUv. Ezg g (nU)
zgAvAi. C zP CAiU Pt
E wzz Czs sUP CAiUvz ;' zs z
Z Az Gv g zs Gv g zs z
ZAz zs v.
z 120 : F z z MAz Uz zA z M lg
v Rzz AiAi Pjv z AUwAi
` UqsxU MPArgAv' tz. Ez
`Uqs Zvx'.
308 PgdiU

`Wv (JAzg, UqU) PQ (JAzg,

PU zs) gzsgAi (zsgPgV jAi
Ai g) - E Z Av iqw ;
J W Ai (JAzg, z q z ,
Ai), U JAi `W' (v)z.'
1. `Wv' (=Wz zs ; W = q, W)z
`W'z. 2. PQ UnAiiV PvP zz jAz
Cz `W'Vz. 3. gzsg (W = g ; Wg =
g) AiAv `W' DVz. F g U
`W' (v) j, F Uqs Wv Vz. F Wx
AAzs l zU P PV CqVgzjAz
Ez `UqsZ vx'.
z 121-122 : Egq zU P V MAzPg (`'Pg)
v Jg q P g U (` ' Pg , ` 'Pg ) i v
GAiVVz. z z CxUAw.
JgqA i z z CAi : `i, A DA ,
DA ; E CiA KA ? iA DA ; A AiA
, DA ()'.
z 123-124 : Egq zU CvU : JAzg,
vPgU (Palatals) (E, F, J, K, ZU v
Ai, ) GAiVz gaz . (CPgU Gvw
ZgP `P q Pr'Ai r : .5). (Dzg, 123Ai
z z `Ai' Pg Az A iUVz.) 124Ai z z
Cx V. 125Ai z z, ``g zg
PzAx (PzA = W, PzAx =
ZAz?) UtAi Dz Aiz g
j, C Pq'' JAz v igwU wz
Az gz.
z 125 : Ez gP Gzgu. Ezg NU
ntU 309

(Labials) JAzg G,H, (M, N), v `' U

z CPg
U



G A i V . Ez P q i g wU wz
AzPzAwz : ``gAiPz PAv
(q Az) jzg Aid ? CzjAz
(C EU Az zz dzg P)
E C PrzAv JAU DU'' -
JAz zz CAiUz.
z 126 : Ezg Azs g z zt
(. 177)z
r vjz. zz CAi UvU.
z 127 : zz U Cr, CzP Gvg
gq zg Cz `gvg' z. ``CU (zP )
A (sA U ) Pv (Gz), zsg ZPP JAiA
(MqAi) A (g) Aiivz)? PAiA
(A)? JuAiAA (ji JAAx)
Aiig (jtg) ?'' (B Ez giAitz
PxU AAzsl zgz. zP v Pn
zgd Ai sAUUz gU
igg JA U `Aiig E' JA zsvP
Gvg gzjAz Cz `gvg'P JAz
sP. gU iv z vAU E C
v A z U Az Q E g z A z Ai
wAig H).
z 128 : `UwP' szsz Azs (P.g.iU :
z zt, . 179 r). z ztz,
JgqAi zz `PA' JA oP (Ez oPg
38. s `AiP'z CP
s zU

, Cz Pjv g
V
az. (PAPg : II-9jAz 18). `PP'z
Pv
U zAr sg Cj CP P Uq
`AiP' tz.
310 PgdiU

wAi o) `PQvA' JA oAvgz. Jgq

oU AzsP APv.
z 129 : E, `AiP'A APgz PgU
jVzAi gv Czg Pt j.38
``g Cx CzQAv a CPgU z
zsU MAz zz D zs CAv F U
AivV B B Azg CzP AiPAz g .''
(P.Pr, .307) Avz
A
i P qz
A i F CAPg
vP nU PdA
iVz.
zArAi P Vz :
Cvvvwt AvB |
AiPA vZzi zsAvUZgA || -III, 1
z 130-137 : `AiPAPg'z F P z U
CAPg
UZgVgzzg, P zU
CAiAz U.
130Ai z `giAit'P AAzs l z . Av
APAi eQAi r AgVz , `APU
V eQAi Pgz
v' JAz g PAq
AUw F zz t vVgAwz. 133Ai
zz Ai Ez AUwAi gAi ivU
ggAwz. 134Ai z z vU d
Azg t
Vz : `Ce Aiz vUd , wdUz
WzAwg Dz jds ( )
vz'.
PgdiUz F z z oz gAwz. `()z zzs '
JA Pv o `(z) zx' JAz wP
z Az
Ptvz. Cz, `vzAv zPiP PvA' JA
`...zsPiP' JAgzAz Ptvz. U wPAqg,
z, zzs, D, zs, CAv - JA Lz PgU
iUPg GTzAz wAiz.
ntU 311

z 139-140 : E P V `Czs s t' v

`gdAzs' UU zAvU . EU gZ g
z ztz (. 178-179) vjzg.
z 141 : Ez `QAiiUP' JA AzsP zAv. QAiAi
(Cx QAiiz) Czsg irPAvAi
E gAi jwAi A i U i q z
(gAiiVjz) `QAiiUP.' `PA' JA zz
``P JA QAiiz UV sUwz'' JAz
wAig H.
(P + EA). E QAiiZP `UVgz'

VAi
EzAiAz tP. DzjAz, `Cg' JA zzAi
UQA
iAi Cg PVz. ``zg PAzsU

g- PgszU C ; P-R, z-zs zz
KPewAiUz C uPgUV sz
jUt
q
.'' (P.g.P - sU 1; .89). DzjAz,
wAizz ZgPz `Cg'AiAU x
zz `Cg' (C = qQ) JA QAiiz
Z P s A w g A v P Z v wAz
AifgAz vgvz. (E AiPAPg
zUvz ; Ez a Zvw). DU zz CAi
UU z : ` jd A C g ( q Q ),
D zgz 39
(Piz U CUtz
(DzgAz), Egz, FUq (FU), CgAiA
(gtAi) JAiA (gAv), PA (PPr).'

39. `CgAi zgz' Jz Pv o. P.. oPg

U z ztUAi Ez oz. z
ztz `zg...' JA oAvg Pnz.
(j 2, . 124 r)
312 PgdiU

z 142 : Ez `ZPAzs'P zAv. MAz zAz Ez

Rz z . ZP Azs Vgz Czg RvU Pgt.
D RvAi Pjv z ztz AzPg
v `Gzgt ' ir (JAzg z ZPa
vz
Cr
vj) zAwg `ZPAzs'z PU F jw nt
ggvg :
``F ZPAzsz CgU MAz Uvz z CPgU
AAidAz PP Zg wAiP. Av
`vgAi'z ZPAzs Pz 4-6Ai CPgU
AidAz `zxPv vg z Ais t'
JA Ai wzgz. Dzg F Azsz CAv
Ai wAiAw.''
F ZP Azs zz ZgV v `PgdiUP'
(sU 1 ; . 87-95)z || z Ai
wAig UvAz Z irgvg.
PgdiUz Pv vz AiV F z z P gvz
JAz Cg CAi. fe U C V Cg
ZgU
U P. pPAi Pvv AiPz
ZZ Ai AAzsz
F CA P A VPV
agzjAz, D z z Zg E P vavV
jVz.
v zAv uU V Ai wA ig z z
P wzlU CvUv A z agvg. DzjAz,
(Cv vU gvV) Gg Jgq UAx
w U U i Vg o ( P A i
sPV) E Gzjz :-
AvA z ()z (g) (d)QzA zsA
vA
i()aA (g)Uuz(Aii)i AUA AvA qz
()Ul
()A (A)v Ai() ()AvA vA v
A z

ntU 313

UA zAUA s
(P v, w
Ai, 2Ai zz
`aA' JAzP `aA'
JAz).
F zoz Zg V, Ai w Aig
gAi DAi U AUz :-
ZPAzszU szU. CU Ez `qg' ZP
Azs.
Ezg ZPz Dg `Cg'U (CqP, CgP) EgzjAz
D g. Dzg, g CgU MAzg Az CqV
z , Dg Cg U U v . F ( g ) Cg U U
wAiAzgAi vAv CPgU Av vAv
AlU. AzsAiPgV, z g zU
CPg
U
CP
V g CgU

A i A i zz CPg
U


ZPz gAizAi Cqv. Cz, g CgU
MAzAz zU PAz CP (CPAl)z w
zz vAi CP zUzjAz Cz D g
zUU iPgVgP ; U, gAi zz
PqA i CPg

g
Aiz v
Az Czg CAvPg


DVg P. V, Ez AzsPt . ``F AiP PPgU


jUqz, ZPAzs jAiiVAz Cx ivPAi
v z JAz sP. P v Pz Jgq zU v

CPg
U `g' DVgzjAz CP
jUAqg
g zz
D Pg
`' JAz vj AU. EAx GzAxPg
vVz JzQ Av Ez w ivPPg
zAz P. g zz D CPg `'PgV
EgP. EAx zg PAzsU `g-'PgszU
C , `P - R, z - zs ' z z KP e wAi U z C
uPgUV sz jUt
q. iv ;
Az Mv Ad zzU ivPAi ZVzg
qz ; E Az
s P
z jPz.
314 PgdiU

A
i v DgAi vt CgA
mPg
U
P
lz PU
Az
PPU
Zg UvU Awg PAz 15Ai v
i z

nz `v gAi' JA Pt UAxz Z. F P
J Azz 9Ai viz F PgdiUP CPgB
CPAz szg Cgzs Dv. Az
PgdiUPg B zAr-gzmU C Evg
PtPg F Aiz C jgz. gAj
rz Azsz DgAi CPg
U CgAmPg
U P
Pt
zAv P
V Prz `' - `dAiiA' JAzUwz' '.
( GTg AAzs l CPgU P zz
PAUU vjz.) E `dAiiA' JAz PAi gV
gqwz. dAi Cx dAi JAz PAi l g;
C vAUz z z `exPUz
` -' JA g q CP g U Az q g z ` dAi ' JA
CzzVzzVgz...'' `dAii' JA vg `D'
JAz PAi vwP AwAi zvP. (`D' JAz v



a z
zg `P'PgUvz. ) Dzg, `dAii'z A
`' JAz CxU. (DzjAz , z w
Ai
AzPg
`F Azsz
CAv Ai - JAzg P Ai
- wAiAw' JAz wzg). F CxUz `',
g g zxPz `d QzAzsA' JA
z
A
iU, Pu
UtV Azsz
AP
Pz CPg
U


AP
gz - F PgtUAz ``F P vV inz
JAz lV Ptwz''.
U `vV inz' JAz v sg Aq
ZPP Ai wAig U wg vg :
AvA z ()z (g) (d)Qz AvA
A
i()aA (g)Uuz(Aii)i A U AvA qz
()Ul ()A ( )Av Ai() ()AvAv
ntU 315

AiAz jzA zAU s.

EzjAz Cg zAv iq P Zg :
``U AzsUvV ir Nz Pz DgAi
CgA lU CPg P
l ` - dAiiA' JAzUvz .
A i AlUAz PZg K UvU .
Dzg MAzAi Dg CgmPgU `Az Az
' JAz gvUUw. Jgq MlUr Nz
`AzAz - dAiiA' JAzUz.
qz vAU ZP wAi Azz z
(AzsAw') dAii JAz D Px.''
AUv Ai wAigAv jAi zAg
zAv CUAigqz z iv j.
Dzg F AAzsz vz g AzU
Zgg Aq Pzz Pv . ZP Azs
Az
PP Zg UvUPA 15Ai viz40
`v gAi'z Pt z ``9Ai viz
F PgdiUP CPgB CPAz szg
Cgzs Dv'' JA Ai wAig
iwAz F UU CzP A Pt UAxU
ZU
JAz A iA
. `v
g Ai'z
4-6 A i Cg A mP g U Az P P Zg
avVz JAzjAz P.g. iUz ZP
Pz
A i
Cz P A S Ai CP g U Az P P Zg
avVgPAz KP jQP ? P.g. iUz
ZP Azs
s z gAiiVgz? `v g Ai'z

40. zxP v `vgz Aist'z P 13Ai viz

P JAz `P q Pr'Ai wz. (P.P., .145.) P.g. iUz
z wAi AzPg ZPAzsz PAi g `zx'
JAz vV NgAv Ptvz. Ez jvPz.
316 PgdiU

P -P U g q av Vg , Ai
wAig `Gzgt'Pz P PAi g
(= dAii) avVzAi ? Azs Ptz
P g, Pz g zgAiq ? PgdiUPg
PwAi PqU
(`dAi'Az) v j G R
VAi i rg , Z P P z Cz g
gAiAz CqV C PvAiizg K?
Cz, g wU zgv, g g oAvgU
D z s g z i t P z z o
tAiUg U , oU
Dzsgz Az s avV
wzr irz oz Dzsgz EAv R
Zgz irz zAv AiUz?
F Azz U Uj Aig
U
, `() dAii'
JAz `dAi' EAz (l) g JAzV
wAiz PV Ptvz.

P
z 143 : F VwPAi z Jgq AQUU (`A'
JA z gvV) CZVg Jgq wU MAz
P gVz. z zt z Png oAvg
(. 124) Cj, FU Eg o `CUvA
PU Az A zg QAiA-' (=
PU g Pg FgU P V zgP
PgU
z) JAz wzlirPAqg Z
U V CxUvz . ``E CUv P
z `P'Ai
szU APV '' JAz Gzgq
AQU vvAi.
z 144 : Ezg iUPg `PAi' K szU
j zAi gv PAi Pt g w.
ntU 317

U K s zU jz. Dzg Jgq

gg gU iv gAiiV. [CPg -
Cx; tv. - G (?) ; s-s].
zArAij U `P P' z
`P'Ai g U gz :
PPgP
zPUAiU vU Z |
PmxAU
P
PgAzA wPA PU || - . 140, 153
zArAi P :
QqUz ve egQtAvu |
g Z AiUB PB ||41 - III, 97
M n , P U z A g g g
zU U
zPV, gt iqz,
Pl MUl rz, Avz PZvwU ()
P JAz zz.
z 145 : Ez `s' JA PAi szz zAv.
F z giAitPx AAP z z gzAz

41. CAig WAl `' JzP amorous sport or dalliance

(lz Dl, tAi , ), Wanton sport (PZAi
z, Zl) JAz, `' JzP free or unrestrained
behaviour, loose conduct, playful dalliance (ZAzv, gv,
CAPz qv ). `(P)' JzP a riddle, an enigma, a conun-
drum (MUl, Mq, , Uqs) JAz CxU Pnz.
` P'Ai `Cy' v `' JAz Jgq zs JAz z.
zArAiizg 16 P PgU z. (Pz :
III, 96-124). C AiiAzg : iUv, Aav, vAv,
v, ig, g, ASv, P v, iAvjv,
sv, gAi v, Aqs, AiUiwP (jjP)
KPZ, GsAiZ, AQu.
318 PgdiU

Ai wAig H. Dzg, U H
z z Z Aiiz E. `Aiiv M v
AiAi jvU irz C Z
UtAzg z vq AUw E
gvVz' - JAz Cg w z z vvg .
U vg CAi g. z z CAiP
wzg vvg sU Uz. CA i U : `QgA
AiAiUz M AiAiA CAiz
v P g v zs Z A i
UtAzgA KP PAiA ? z zsz
Pt

v QAiqA iiz Ai vUz PAv
Ai CU zP ? - JA E CqVz.
MAz jwAi Uqsz. QAigU Vz,
U AiAv AzgVg PtjU QAi
CP JAz Gvg. (U Png
zAv nU Ez vz.)
z 146 : `' JAzg (`zg
- ..z.) `vg g
CPPz Ai zgQPAq U'
JAz zsvx. E B Cz Cx F `P'Ai
ZP ()zAi CqVgz. `Gz
Cx Pz jwAi CqV z'
JA PAi Az Ptvz. `F z z
Cx V Aiz' JAz , `P P' z
AU Ez , ` g Az
PA iUzA v A Zz PArgz U' JAz
Ai wAig Hgg . (v evAi
QAi CUz ZP P QAi Pjv `Cxz '
E Egz).
wj = wgUV vq, wgq ; Cj = Pvj
ntU 319

(PAv - ..z) ; Cg = CzsVgz, Pgv;

g = PrP, zg.
z 147 : ` CjAiz Ai G U `nz DgA
CAiz Cz ClzA (= nz Aiig
CjAizAv j Az CrU irzz ) (Cx `DA
CAiz Cz ClzA = zz Dg
gU
A z wAiz gAz gz j Az Clz )
CAv sd AiiVgAv Cl r ;
D s dA xzA z tAzg Cz P CjAi.
E, `DgA-DA' JA `g-' PgU sAwAz
g g CxUUzjAz, Ez `CPg ' A
iUz
Zvg JAz Ptvz. Ez `PP'z
`Cx' JAz PggAvAi Ptvz.
MAz Az vzgvz : `PgdiU'z PP
`g-' PgU GZgu A i s zz C v
gA s
Vv?
Ez ZgtAi.
z 148 : t v Ai JAz g CP g U U
Az AzU z. P v z z Aii qU
tvAiVz JAz zgVz.
z 149 : `AzZvP' : JAzg, EgPz JqAi Az
() Egz. F z zAi PPt Ai
iqz zgV jtz.
z 150 : F zzAi CxPz.
= (A.). = (A.). z (mAi
U DP GAiV Pg. Avz
U.) vU = zz PP.
z 151 : F zz CAi Vgz : `CgA z
z (P ) CAi (P w A i ) q
jgz g
v U ()vA , dv dw AU,
320 PgdiU

P Zv (?) Ctz ( xgUz) , PA

(UV, MUV ?) MU zg.' `v U vA'
JA ` ' JA t Vg z j Az
`tZvPA '(?)
z 152 : 144Ai z z g `P'U ` Aw'Ai
GR. C PqAi g `P'
` Aw'gz. Ez `UvgU'z Ai
t zAz avUvz.
z 154 : F zz PgdiUPg v UAg Ai
CUPAi Az tgAv Ptvz. Ez
APg P g t
zjAz, P v P x
Pjv z GavVz.
zs = zA, vvA = A iU Pjv
A z. ai = CU i. zs gUw =
ZAZz Z. qs = PQz.
`U' = P sv . Ez iUPg
gzVgz.
z 155 : F z z A i Pq P Ai PArz.
PgdiUz PvvZg tAiz Ez CvAv
Rz z.
`` dAi sv zA vUVzA PgA''.
oPg ztz wAiAi z zt z
wAiAi Png Zgtz o MAz
jwAiiVz. gAi oU E. Vg z
ztz AzPg v CAVPjg o v
v zAvP CPUAv -
`dAi s v zA vU VzA Pg A ' JAzV
i r P A r g z g z s g V Ai
DAiPg VAi Ptvz.
ntU 321

(F z sUz Dzsgz Cg U , `Pg A

dAiPvPz F UAx v AidPV
GAiVPAq' JAz Cx irzg.)
AUv Ai wA i
g
zg v `PgdiU
P' (sU-1)z F z z vvA i U U zg:
`wAi jZzAvz D `PPg'zU z
DV Pz Aiig M Pg
, F dAi UA xAz
MzVz DAz Pjz JA CA `dAi

s v z A vUVzA PgA' Jz jz.
B vAU sAiV Pg F
Pt UA xAz V DAzUAq vz gV
MAz P ggP. x jZzAvz
UAxPg vVz x sU gAv
JAz w Ai jZ zAv z F jwAi
agz.''
CAiz wAig CxZAi
AdV PAqg.
Aq zsUz jAiiz CxtAiUPzg
ErAi z U z j P Aq P V
jP. CAv jAi E iq
A iwz :
F z z `Pg A ' JAz Pv z : EzP CA iU
QAiiZP zUAzg `s', `PPAq', `Uz
r' E ; E svP zAvU. RQAiAi
a (P A U ) z A z g `v U Vz A'
(=v U Vz ); Ez g P z , ` dAi
s vzA' (= dAi gav PgdiUAz
zgP Av ). `EAx MAz Av vU

Mz V P g JAz g P ' JAz
322 PgdiU

PgdiUPg Pg (Challenge) Pnz. (F

Azsz `Pg' JAz CAQvUz ;
PgdiU PgPv JA zP x
EUz).
zz vvgx :
` v v P A Azs l (CAPg P g u )
A z
AiU ZV Da Zgi r, (Av
P v AvV ) s AiPz GQU
Q , a P g A i U U Az z z
Uuv ZV DZ ir, - U, e ,
s Arv v P jZAi - EUAz
DAi UtsUU Az gaz P PV dAiAz
gavz (F) PwAz GAmU Av
v U Vz P g (P JA z U
CU)'.
ntU 323

jZz: 3 (III)

z 1 : ``s z CT zsg s EAv CW

AzA ''.
z CxAPgU C W Az
Zgir z JAzjAz CAPg Zgz
EzvA JAz v tAi PlrzAz
wAiP. vAU UAx gazg `z'
JAz wg.
z 2-5 : F zU Az P Pt zP
jg CxAPgU gU z. C
AiiAzg :
ew, gP, CxAvg(), CwgP, AiixAR,
P, Gi, CwAi, zAiVv, DP (10) ;
, GvP, P, , iv, iQ,
AiiAiQ, gzs, C v
(
A ), z , Q,
AQt (12) ; jw, dw, v, s, ,
Gzv, C w, g v
, Hfv, w, Aivg, D
(12).
i UPg E ` gt P AU' Dz 34
CAPgU iv GTzg, Pg tz PqAi
`sP' v `zs' JA Jgq CAPgU aV
j z. (CAPg gt P z iUPg
zArAi V Cjz. zArAi
vz CAPgUU42 iUPg 36AizV
`zs'Ai jz.

42. g `UzAiz'z `
AQAiigZ
v l '
JAz GTgz E Aiz.
324 PgdiU

1. ew
z 6 : A Zz J U w AiAzP
Czgz Dz `-
s', JAzg `vv' Egvz. Ez s .
JAzg EgvP z . EgzAz Czg z , Ut,
QAiUAz (gU Az) PUvz. F z , Ut,
QAi JA J U Ai EgvP `iv' Cx
i AU . z
Ut QAii V Aii
Eggz. J UU iz F `s '
(The nature of things in general) `ew' JA jsP
Az E j Vz. Ez P g t z `ew' JA
z PA ig , zz, gAz CxzA i
Vz. i z s P PtU MAz U z
U MAz ew JAz Ugwv. Gz.,
ew, tew, Qew, Ev. QewAi
U MAz ew, VU MAz ew. U,
A Zz J U ew, QAi, Ut, z JA s P
Ut tz Mn evAPg. U ew,
z, QAi, UtU Cxz Pvz C (v P
UZgVgAv) EgAvAi tzjAz E
` APg' . s tAii zjAz
` s S ' Cx ` s Q ' JAz Ez
PgAiVz.43
F AAzsz zArAi PU EAw :

43. sgwAi vP v AiU F AAzsz z

ZZ Ai Ptz. zArAi GQAiAv, z Czgz
s v;
Pz CPtAi. DzjAz F Aiz guA i E
Z Pzz CUv ; Cz, F UAxz AzPU Czg
E.
ntU 325

A zxA gA Ptw |
sQ ewvz APwAix || (II-8)

ewQAiiUtz s SzA |
idA PvvA || (II-13)

z 7 : Ez ews SP zAv. zArPng VtAi

tAi z
iUPg irg Ptvz
t Ez. Uz z D F
Jz J U PtAiv UV PtzjAz,
Ml ewAi s z t z .
(AizU z PUv eUg qv Aiz
`' JA U, Cz `PAi' JAz Gvg) .
DzjAz JA KPZz AiU. Pq
Pgt z Ez evPZ JAz zVz.
CAU = PqUt l. PPg RgA = PU
zsAi CgtAz Prz. jv AP P =
g tz UgvU (PtU)UjAi (UAi)
Ctq (eUg). U = Pg. lA = ( +
DlA ; Dl = Ptv, v).
z 8 : v uAiAU zAig Pj
(Pq)AiAzg `QAi'Ai t `QAii
s S' z
zAvz. uA iAVg (MAz) P j Ai P
QAiU E tz. zAig J
DUU F QAiU i ; J v
uAiAVgPV ; DzjAz, `MAz' JA
ASzzg Ez MAz DAi QAiUAz

Uvz. DzjAz, E `P j ' ewZP . Cz,
t vz QAiU UdewU s Pz . DzjAz
326 PgdiU

Ez QAiisz tAivz.
Q = `Q' JA, DUU Aiz, z
aUg. Pgt = u. ZP = DAi z v.
DAiv = Wz Ar.
z 9 : g (z)zAz M Ai zz
vzjz ju `Ut'U tzjAz Ez
`UtsS'. g irzggAi F
UtU PAqgz sP. (Ez zAr Png
Pz gz. C `Aii'z ju
tzg, E `gz'z ju tz.)
D = (Pu) Zz. MU = Av, w.
PAZ = PAZP ; vq, P. vU = vz,
iw vq r
P.
z 10 : vAiiz PAVAi DPAi
Ai llA z w F z z
, D PAVAi
g P g t U z g g CAU U (`z ')
t zjAz, Ez `zsS.'44
vvzs = PUq vAi q . DAiv
Z = z, ZAZz, Pt .

2. gP
z 11 : gP (CAPg) : `' JAzg tz
gAi (= CP v) U
g UtU
tz
Aiz (=Pv) `CszQAz' (JAzg, `CzgAv
Ez Ez' Jz `Cz Ez' Jz) gz
44 g vAiz giAitPx AUwAi E
CAAiz sgvPx AUwAi, F zz tAi JAz
Ai wAig H. U H zz z
Dzsg.
ntU 327

`gP' . Gz : v, zAd, SAz, Ai.

(`vAiAwg ' JAzg GiAPgUz.
t ; v Ct. vAi gU
Dg gz. vAi JAzzjAz JgqP
Csz PVz.) (v, tz E zAr
Png GzguU.)
z 13 : g P : ` vA A' - iz P
PvPvU gtUArgzjAz Ez `
gP'z zAv. vP (U), Czsg
(vnaUg), (CwAi) Ai (PuzA), S
(vU ), PAvv (u) - E z W n v
gPU . (zArAi P z U
- II, 67-iUPg
il irPArz.)
z 14 : gP : `CA gPA' - iz
Wnv z gP. Png gPU
E ir, JAzg i r, Pnz.
(`vP A' JAz `v P' JAz AvV).
l = PA, P. Cs = ts.
z 15 : Ai gP : `CAi gtP A CAiA'.
PAv CAi, JAzg CAi. C `v'
JAz gP iqz, C CAiU iv (Czsg
= vn aUg, Z P = Pt ,
EvAiiV) gP irz. (PAvAi v JAz
gP iqzg Cz zs vUvz ) . (`jvzsg A '
JAz zArAi iv).
z 16 : CAi gP : zz CAiP : `vgvg
ZA (ZAZz Pt), sg gUgA (t
g Az Prz), SgAzA zgP z MU
( A v ) KA Azs g A ' E R C A i
328 PgdiU

(CAiUz) ; Cz CgAz (vg) JAz

gP irz. Czg CAiUz Z v
gUgU gP ir ; Dzg , C `zA v
PgAz' JA CxU zsvUv.
z 17 : gP : `v g gP PA' ;
(CAVAi Czg CAUU gt iqU CAV
CAUU) gPU v ( gP, C v)
PAqAzg Cz `gP. '45 `zz P
sP , Vz Cz s Z
(=
) zAd U z Alirv.
- Ez zAv. (zArAi `SAz' JA gP E
`z AdVz'.) z CAV ; P (P ) v s

() Czg CAUU . P P s
P ZUU Aii
jwAz rzg AAzs ; C (CAUAV
gPU) gg .
z 18 : t gP : Pzz `v u g
gPA ' JAz zgzjAz, Ez t gPP
zAvA z sP. Dzg, V, F z z:
`fZgtSzA' JAz gPVz ;
t gtUAr. E z P AAiiz

45. zArAi PtP Ai Vz :

guzAVAUA guguAiiv |
gPA A vA dAiv Aix ||
zgP P xSAz |
wvsvA vA svAiA || (II-79,80)

iUPg Pt gu zArAizg zV. CAVAi

gt ir, CAUU gt, Dgt Jgq Ezg, Cz
. PAz Ez .
ntU 329

zArAi Pz `t U' gP VgzjAz,

EAi UAi EgP. DzjAz, F sUz oz
wPg Rv v zAmVgzAz
AQ, `vggd gdzwA' JAz
`vggd z g
dw
A' ( j zAz
RZAz A) JAzV wPAqg z
jgUzAz Ai wA ig azg.
F wz l zs V P A q g v z . (Ezj Az
AiwAiP sAUg).
F P z
z
EAz U AUw CqVz. zArAi
gz wAi iUPg fwAiV
irz.
zArAi P
jzgU dPdAPB |
dAivgAP gAzvzsdB || - II, 81
(E `jz... dAP' `zsd'P tVz
gP Vz.)
`jz ' iUPg P z fZg
t
V inz.
Ez iUPg eVg zAzP MAz DAvjP
it. EAx zU UAxz E P.
Sz = GUgPuA Pr.
z 19 : gz gP : F Pz sU zArAi
zAv sUz Cz. ` SAz A EAzU
; (Dzg) PPgz APZ ZPPz
(AiU P) zBR GAliq'. -
Ez vvg. RZAz ZAzU zg Czg Pg
iv ZAz PgP gzVz. zArAiPg, gAi
Pg iqzAz t
zg gzg
P. (`CQAii
ZAz PAiiuA CPAi Z QAii).
330 PgdiU

z 20 : vgP : Ez M gd (v AU ?) UtU
t. `Ug vAz (PgtAz) P v;
guAi PgtAz ; AwAi PgtAz
ZAz ; Ut (Ut = UAgv, CUzsv) vAz
z'. (zArAi P z z P Pz gPqA i E
v ZAz gPU A). t QAi
PVj EvAiiV gP iq CU UtU
E Ai Egz Pgt (v)zz jAz Ez
vgP. (Ug, Ut - F zU AiUz
Ai PtPArz). (Az jg `v' JA
CAPg EzgAU ).
z 21 : gP : gPU xUAz Prgz
g P. (F z M gd , B v AU ,
t z) ``Gzgz Aizs
(z QwZAz) : `PzAzP g = 1 (Pz
+ DAz + Pg) UU DAz Al iq
QgtUz : ZAz ; (P + z + DAz + Pg)
sU Av DAzU GAliq :
gd. `PPggUgA' = 1. (P + DPg + gU +
gA) zPgU (vg U P ) wAi
(=Av ) Urz : ZAz ; 2 (P
+ Pg + gUgA) GAliq
CjvP ; gd. (`Pz'z `SAd'
E `Aizs'Vz).
z 22 : gP : UtU gPU P
KPv EgAv g gP. (F z z gd
gP z tz). ``() gP A g GzAi
gAi UU jav U (=Azs U) gUAPgP
(= wAi A P U ) d Z VAi (=
ntU 331

gVAi), g (=v ) UA vg (=g)UU

zz VAi (=PqVZVAi) Ez''. U z
Ai r DPAz gAv, Pq j
Ut U iq CVAiUt Jgq gd.
(F CAPg F Az z `gP' U
`gzgP' - EU vz).
z 23 : gP g gP (Cx gP gP) : MAz
gPz vA z CAvU vU z. ``z
Ad
gAUz (RA P ; RPA gAU), F
z sv (zz s, JAzg
; sv, JAzg A ; sv ,
JAzg s
vAiA w Aiiz AU ) z
z
v DVvz.'' (Rz PtAiwz JAz
vvg).
F z wAiiV zArAi Pz Cz :
RAPdgAU svvQ v |
vA Pgww gA gP gPA || - II, 93
(`gPgP gz CAPg'.)
z 24 : gP w : ``Ez z
, P ; E (zAz
ZAZUz) PtU, zAU ; Ez (Rz)
A v , P (Cg P ) '' - JAz
gPw. Egz CUz Cz EAzV
gtiqz gPw. (Cw JAzg
C z). `Ez R, P ' JAzzjAz P z
Ut Rz gtUAq, Rz
Uuv Uz. (`C w' JA vA v z gAi
CAPg Ez : z 182 r). (Ez nU
zArAi Pz Cz).
z 25 : AiPg P : ``RA Pz UAiA
332 PgdiU

P (=Cg) Uzg PtUA vAU

AvAz Aiw.'' JA, gPUU gg
(gzz) AUv (=AP, AiPv) gzjAz
Ez AiPgP. (zArAi PzAiAv EAi
`SAd' EvAiiV iAiP gPUz g
Vgwv).
z 26 : dgP : (ZAz ) U UAiA ( =
d)Az , wAU (=ZA z ) RA
Az, (ZAz) P (=PAP ) Jgq
PtU A
Az t CAPg `dgP'.
CPv (U, R, Pt) Utzs U P v
(U , ZAz, PA P) eAvgAz Dg
g tiq z Ezg Pt . (Az Pn g
`dw 'AiAU : . III -160, 161, 162).
Ez zArAz GPV.

3. CxAvg
z 28 : `CxAvg'z Pt jvz F z.
`zgP A v z z Cx zPV
( yzPV) gAz CxAvg z
( iqz) CxAvg ()' ( vx
C vxAz yz).
z 29 : Ezg CxAvgz JAl szU jz:
1. P , 2. P P, 3. AiPP j, 4. AiPAiP,
5. P l, 6. gzvP, 7. AiAi, 8. AiPx .
z 30 : P : `v v zAi wsl z
wU w Ai
Dz D x Pq CAUv z '
JAz PAg P vx. gU Png
tUAz C `P ' JAz . `Cw
vU w
ntU 333

wz C VzA zg, v Cx v
j ` P 'Ai i z g Az Q U C
tgP. CzAzg, v Pz Aivww.
Cz g AiijAz zs. (`AiwB P
AW v ' - z A r) P Ai i z Ai
PwAiAz Vz. (Pzz F
CAPg `' JAz Pgz).46
z 31 : PPA : ``gd Azsz x
CAUvVg gf V PgUv
aP'' - Ez tz PvP. ``Fg
g z (Mq A i CU P Az ) d '
`PP'Uz'' - Ez Aa Px
y MAz z CP v Az s ; P

.
F P vz Cx U zjAz Ez `
P P' .
z 33 : AiPP j : ``Aii Aid d (UAzs
z) Qgt AiVU (gU) JzAi
z ; Dzg ? C Cg `z
s A' Cz `C'
(zBR) DV jtz.'' (Ez tz P v
P). KP U jtzAz, ``(U DUvPz)
PP dz (Aiz) `AiPPj' (vPz )'' JA
P P d A Azs g z i P Az

46. `Aq' z P g v AU vAzAiiz UAzU `vzAi'

JA gvA z , F z z A i `vv

zAi' JA t
`vzAi' JA gz awz Aiw z UAz
C z F zAvz DAigzAz Ai
wAig Civg. Cz, A Pzz
``xPz CP vP D UAz gez d
PPz F AzsZPzz DVgP.''
334 PgdiU

yvVz. (`PA zA' JA zArAi

P E CzU Arz). (`AiPP j' JAz CAPgz
g DVz.)
z 33 : AiPAiPA : ``jtzsg
(ZAz ) UzAvAi
Pv Zv vwAi (v i gU )
Uv. UAzsAivz UAz Przg
zPgz ZAzAz U zzjAz, (Av )
KPPz AiP DAiP DVz''. A vz ZAz

v i g t z P v Ai ;
U tz U g q Ai P A i P U Mq A i
PrPArg JA PAz P v AUwAi
xz. (F zz PPt Aiz P
vzjz).
z 34 : Pl ; (F CxAvg sz zArAz
GPV). ``AiP Cg UAUA iAU (
PA AiAU) gz (=PrPAqV) `A'
(=V) `Gv gUzA'. (E z : 1.
gP t Az PtPAq . 2. zAi z ,
C Pt P Arv). g VzU
AzsgUAiPzAz z P v Ai.
UvAiAU gz `gU' AiPzA z P l Vg
Ai, A PAz yVz : `CP z
g t A ' (g t = P ;
Uz gt w gt : gAiiz
gtAiAU CPV gA iz, PrP z)
U `CP gU A' (=Zz wAi `dUA'
(`gU' JA zz x `A ' JA
z A
iUAz P liqVz.)
z 35 : gzvP : ``zPgA (=ZAz ) CAv
ntU 335

VAiA (=MU P AP Azg P q)

jzwAiA (z) aUA.'' - Ez Pv.
Ez y P : ``jt zA v (`jtv
PPA') v (Evgg UU) gzszg
(Cg) KUAiAl iqvPUv.''47 (`jtv
PPA' JA t `q Pt' JAz
ZAzgVAi Cxiqz.)
F PP z zArAi P zVz :
dUzAzAiv PgB |
CUw g z egB || -II, 175
z 36 : AiAi (Cx jv) : ``A v AiiUv
z,
g Aivz (=Aviz nz) , Pg
U Pg JPAq U jv
zBR GAliqv. '' U Aliq g
vPj ; Dzg gwAiAliq ZAz vPj
(Pg) ; Cz, vPg
z A vi z
Gzz .
Vz v s P `jv'z JAzg CUtz,
wjPz, ju GAliqwz (JAz
g v Az z BT w g Q P
iwz). `gU Aiz Ez s P' JA
CxAvg
Czsg irP P. Ezg, Pt
AiU.
z 37 : AiPxA : ``CP (=CPz aUg)Az
gavz AiAi (=U) Ai V
Ggv (=GjAiAv irv, l Qv).'' aUj

47. Cxz z zAz z z wzmz Ai z U

wPz Az Ptvz : jzs [P]PwgzvP
[A]. F wzl Cjz, Cxgu.
336 PgdiU

U v A Vg P . g U Zg z Cz
qz z P Ai. Ez s P JqA i,
`Ez AiP, j' JAz Av gAz xAi
P q Vz : ``C P z aU g (GjAi Av
PAVgzjAz) `gz w' (=Pi z
CVAi w ) ; CVAiAv Pt CP CzgA vAi
q `vvg U t'zVgz AiP(j)VAi
Ez.''

4. wgPAPg
z 39 : ``DwwAz (JAzg, Cxww PV),
E, zgAz (z Pq NzjAz,
PV) zz (MAzAz ) Jgq
U

s z wz `wgP'.'' (`wgP' JAzg
`ZVgz'. iUtzs Jgq U
MAzg iv MAz Jgq a Utgz.)
(F zzArAi Pz II, 180 - Aixz).
(wgPz , KPwgP, GsA i wgR, wgP,
vP wgP, P wgP Avz szU Al)
z 40 : KP wgP : E, z U


, PAqg s zPU
t
MAz DzjAz Ez KPwgP. i zs U
a zU xz Az z
PAqgvPz .
`v A' (1. `z' dP nzjAz ; 2. vU,
JAzg QU, dP lz jAz), `D tAz' (1. t
JAzg Z, PgtAz ; 2. t JAzg G
AAzs Az), `CwU gsz' (1. UAgs Az ;
2. CUzsv Cx DVgzjAz), EAv D
jAiA (= z
) Aii ; (U zP
ntU 337

Eg) P s zA zg, () `wAi(JAzg a z

z)
vPgA', (z CPUzjAz, Czg
DPg v).
z 41 : GsAi wgP : F zzAi z ZP
zU x|U. E z U qt szP
UtU Jgq. DzjAz Ez GsAi wgP.
``Cg, `gzAijg' (1. gd
z CAi ; 2. g ; z GzAi
JAzg lP, G), `PPg zsPjg (1.
gd: P + DPg + zsP = (CAvBgz) Gv
JZj(?) ; 2. g : P
Cg ) sg , `CAiv' (Aiv z ,
Cv, v, ZAZz) `vPA' (qv U
AZg) (g U, U v AeU
g g UU Pv v C GvAi
Z PqUgv ; Cz GvgAit zQuAiU
C AZgiU vUvz) ; C `Av
Aiv vv A ? (MAz jwAiiz qvAi
g DVgvP?) JAU C.'' gd g
z U t g
zg
, `v' v `P ' - Egq
Cg
PAqg szP UtU
z 42-44 : F g z U , Jgq z U
AiAv
M gdU , g v PPUU Eg
z UtU t, szP Ut zz. D
gdt v AU Pjwg z. Aq z U
izjAi Ez wgPAPgz zU UU
PPt Ai irPvPz. PU PpzU
CxU iv Ptz.
z 42 : PAvvjg = DP P Ut zAiAz Prgj.
338 PgdiU

(gd g V, PAv + Gv g = PAv A i g

zAiAz Prz, JAz Cxiqz).
zPg = zAz, PA PAz, Prz (=ZAz) .
GzgUt zAi (A+GzAi) = GzgU tz
CwAiz KUAi .
z 43 : (1. gdgV ; 2. ggV) : CWsd =
1. zq U ; 2. zq sU z .
= 1. zqsav 2. Zz EgvPz . CT s s zvAUv
= 1. gdg Gv AgvP ,
gegd ; 2. J vUVAv Jvgzz . Pp
s
UzsgA = (g) (zzjAz, jU)
Pzsz, zsz, SsP Aiizz .
z 44 : (1. gdg V ; 2. P P
g

V) yU tAiv
= 1 PwAi UtAz, gdAiU UtAz, Prz ;
2. sUtAz Prz ; yAiAAzs z . Dyv
sz = 1 rz Pq ; Aiz
qvPz. CZvv = (PP) dqv, fv.
z 45 : E `z'z t. P P RP Eg
z a, Rz (a) szP Ut
zz. zv = (z + v + C)
QAz AvUAq zA. PzA = ,
g P g = gA iP
z Pg. vz




gUavA
= UAz Prz vnAi (z) PAAz
Gv q gvPz.
z 46 : DPP ggP Eg z a,
ggz (a) szP Ut vjz. gzAg
= g v z DP g g = g g , P .
zvzsZ = (v + Dv + zs + b)
vU Az z z P . juAP = fAPAi
ntU 339

Ab. gdAvA = gdAA gs t.

z 47 : ``P `GPUtstA' Dz R
JAU . (D `GPUtst' JAzg,
`z Z A', `C
s
vA'. Ez
GP Vzg avUvz ) . KPAzg, Cz `Cz
Z A' (zAz Cz Z z ),
`C s v A' (A Ai g
U Ez)''.
z 48 : Ez i U Pg Av P z . Ez g
ozgAv Ptvz DzjAz, CxPz.
vvgx Vv : ``CV v Czs z PA P


(CV zzg sP P
VzjAz PA P t), Ai
q zs
Ai (U zs MAiz) vAi
g v AU PrPAq Pg , (e)
CQwAi vgAi.''

5. AiixASAPg
(`z P g t 'z i U Pg `Z v A i ix A R'
G Tz. U Czg Pt gu A i Pnz. (r:
I-86 ; nt : I-86 jAz 89). zgvz Ut E
CAPgV GP Vz. Ez `zU
t'U
jzjAz Ez
`GU t'Az szVz. `AixAR' (Utgu Ai
F AzA i irg z jAz , Cz CAPg P t P
CPz.)
z 50 : C Uv (Cx C v) AiixAR : Az
`ZvAiixAR' z dU Pl P
ilir g Pirz. E CP. C, Ai
- E `Gz'U Cx GU (Pv) ; E
`Cz' (C, CPv)Uz C, , Gv -
340 PgdiU

EU P
V `Cv' (Cx `CUv' )VgzjAz
Ez `Cv AiixAR'P zAv.
z 51 : Cv AiixAR : F Pt z `P v ' (CPU )
`CPv'z `Cv' VgzjAz, Ez `Cv
AiixAR'. Pz P vPvU P z
AiAiVzAi gv AiixARvU (ASP P)
sAU A. (1) Gv (2) Cga (3) : CP
(2) Z (1) RAU : Gv : CgaB Z:
R : CP - U `CP'Vgwv. (`AiixAR'z
Pzv CxUtVgzjAz - MAz P z
GAi AAzs wvUzjAz - Ez
CxAPgU UA qAiiVz).
6. P
z 53 : ``ew QAii Ut z - EU AiiAzg
CwAi a z MAz z
U
Aq (MAz'), ErAi P
U
PgUwzg, Cz Pz''48

48. ``...z() Av z(P) wUPgAiU

PPA'' - E wzl irg Jgq PqUAi
`M' v `P' JA oU oPg U z
ztUgqgAi PAqgv. `P' JAzP `P' JA
oAvg oPg Cr ntA i azg. iUPg
z zArAi Pz AU jz, `M'
v `P' JA jAiiz zUqAi `' v `P'
JA zU w
Pg Pv Az PtPAr JAz Hz.
( v oz `M' JAz vV CZVgz
wP z). iUPg zArAi P AixvV Cz
irgz Vz :
ewQAiiUtz aPv
w |
PPgv vzPA Aix || - II, 97
ntU 341

(`zs ' Z P ) z MAz z

U zAzg, Cz D zs CAv UUz.
iUPg DP szUU iv PU
Pl `zsAv PzA v P
Pz P Rgg' JAz Az (. 58)
wz.
z 54 : evUv DP : ``AiiA ( = A vgAsz
Ai vAz Ai) MAi lU
(=gU) A (=CU JqAz) uAiA
(=uU) PUA ; (U) CqAiqAi
(=D J U z J q U ) v P PP
PAPg (UU Az PrPAq Pz
aUg ) qU A (=GAliqv) . E `Aii'
KPZ z
z g A vgAsz l l UAi
Gg U w w z JAz s , Cz
ewZPA z wAi P. U, ewZPz
AiiA z z z DAiz , `lU
u A i A P U A' JA P z Q A i i z P
PvVgzz, `....PAPg qU A' JA
`Pw'Ai QAiizP PvVzPAq, Jgq
PUU `P' V jtz.
z 55 : z z ewZ P P v z
DAigAv, E `wjvPA' (Czq, wgUq)
JA QAiiz DAiz. F zz QAiAi, `d)
jS v s sUA' (=z A PAzP
v j z s s U ) JA P P , `s g z
gag As []AiA, dPg PP PPzA
vgA' (=U gz dz,
ghjU gP vRgU q t vg )
342 PgdiU

JA P P `P'V jtz. U, Ez
`DQAiiUv P. '49-
z 56 : `Utt stA F vAiiPgA'
(=Utgv U Mq Az DPwAi), `z g
s Qgus
s
z AivAz DA DA iA' (=ZAzQ gt
z QwAi gqPAz J UAi)
Z zv. `zvgiAi' JA `zvgA'
JAz DzV UP. Cz `z ' (Z v,
zs , P ) JA Ut avP z . `vAiiPgA'
v `DAiA' JA Pv zU Jgq PU
`' iqwz `zvgA' JA Uta. EAv F
z `UuUv D PP zAv'.
z 57 : `GzAiVj Rg s t'z `PgA'
(=g ) `v j A' (=Pv A iA v ),
`
A irzA' (=PgV l ) ; UAi, `vgv
vdz A ' (=Pv U

n P r z ).
F zz DAig `Pg ' vegz
`z ' DVz. `P g ' JA z GsA i PU U
`P'Vgz Vz.

49. `jSv ssUAgz' : Ez CAVPjz oPg

wAi o. Dzg, z ztzg
`...ssUA sgz'
JA o Cxz zAz CAVPgV Ptwz.
ntA i Ez CjVz.
`gag As AiA' ; Jgq ztUAi Eg
`AiA' JA o Pv ztzAi Ez. Pg
izAz `AiA' JAz `AiA' JAzVgz.
F zz `wjvP A' JA QAiizP Pv z. P z
`AiiA' JA Pvz EU Cz?
ntU 343

7. Gi
(Gi APg CxAPgU


Cw zz. `z'
Cx `P' F CAPgz R Pg. PU Jgq
U P : MAz Pv (GAi), EAz CP v
(Gi ) ; F G Aii U

PAqg Uti
`zsgt zs'. PAi a iv `GiZP' .
E G iAPg z CAU U . g P C P
CxAPgU
z z. EzjAz Gi APgz
P v
P
q
vz . DzjAz , Ezg
CP s zU
Ugw
Ez `Gi A Z' Az Az. nU zArAi
Cjg iUPg 26 Gi szU j,
CUU PU Pnz).
z 59 : `V g gAiiVg U
Aiizzg jwAi ` iqz' G JA
`iv' (UgP v z) `z A PgA'. Czgz `C
P A ZA' (=jtz g g vg , A Z.)
z 60 : : `gzAv RA' EvAiiV
`Cg'V t z ` '. (E, Gi ,
G Ai, Gi ZP - g GPV `zsgt
zs
' Vz. Dzs P vzAv Ez ` '.
zAr, `EAiA wAiiP zsi '
JAz az. `gf v PA' JA zArAi
zAvz zsZP. zs CPzg,
iUPg Av `Cg' U zs
wAiiVzg, Cz JAz wAiP.
z 61 : zs : `vU z vAU'
(=F CAUU aUjAv z). `CPz
AU PU' (= AUg vAArAv
) : E `z ', `AU' JA zU i
344 PgdiU

zs P l Vg zjAz Ez `zs '

(`zsi Pv v zs Pv.' - zAr)
z 62 : AiAi ; ` RzAv PzzA'
( Rz U F vg wAiiV Cggz)
Gi (Ct) G Ai(t)z z
j,
Aii P
z (AzAzir) P iqz
`AiAi '. DgPA = PA. A 50 = dV.
= aU g . (Fa P t U A x U Ez
`w APg'Az z).
z 63 : C : `P Rz U, R
Pz U' JAz z `C ' (Ezg
Cv, JAzg MAzjAz EAzP Z UjP
GAmUzAz zArAi gu : `Aiv
A'). (Ca Pt Pgg Ez `G Ai '
JAz Pggg. zUz Jgq U gv
gAiz E JAz avUvz.)
z 64 : Ai : `gdz RA z A ;
z vA' : MAz GAiP MAz Gi ,
gAi Gi - JAzg Ez AiUz.
DzjAz, Ez Ai (`C vB' -
gAi PAi gvrz - zAr).
z 65 : CAi : `P Rz z ;
gAiz Pq Cz jw z ' - Ez `Ai 'U
gzzz. ` RP Aii Pzg

50. ` A' : Jgq v wUAi `Ai' JA

oz. Ai wAig `g' JA wzl
azg. a CPg vz, CPg U l ir,
wzmVz. Pg PAi F jw CPg
vAiU
AsAl.
ntU 345

z' JAz vvAi. Ez zs, JAzg -

`AiA (gg AAzs) Gq JA
UA' JAz x.
z 66 : CwAi : `zA AiZ zA'
(R PtUU AvPj) ; `PA CP
Gv d
PA ' (=P zAArU AvPj) ; `v
szPA EAwzz EA' (RP PP)
(=szt jw Ez Cz g E). F MAz
sz PAqgvP `CwAi', RPU z
jz a CA. Ez gvV RP U z.
z 67 : G vP : `FPAi zPgA, CPAvA
(=UUAi PtAxz ); (Kzg ) PA
PgtPV, PvPPzP (=Pi z PAzgU)
v EAzU (=ZAzU) Cz (=D Pz)
GAl DPAPtA (=CP, M ; JAzg PAi
PqU M). zPg PAzgAi ZAz
z w ; PUV PAi gv,
z C Jz E GvP. DzjAz, Ez
GvP.
z 68 : Czv : `P A, v s s
A' (=vz
qU), `v ZAi UA'
(=CZj q ZAZz Pug q

) ` AiA Gq '
(=gg AAzsV Azg), `Cz
UP Ju' (=jer). , gV Pt -
Egq iv Rz DgPg UtU ; E
lg, RP PP PAiAl.
z 69 : : `sgA (=vA) UP
PA (=P z DPuAz, JAzg,
Pz DPP Ut Rz PAq), zA Ez
346 PgdiU

C JAz A (= sAwAz), JUz ;

D g dA v z.' - P z vAAi A i
dz P Utz ; vvz z Utiv (Cz
Ut) . Rzg z F i zs VgzjAz
Ez ` '. (Ca Pt UAxU
GPVgg `sAw zAPg'z bAiAi E
Ugwz).
z 70 : AAi : `Ez g d R, g s
(=v AAi ) A i Ai U ,
AAiUz.' E Jgq U
(GAiiU) q zgzjAz
AAiAmVgz. (Ez Fa `AzAPg')
z 71 : Hfv : `ggA, EAz wgfv
A' (= ZAzPAwAz Ul AzAi
Avz) ; `F RA, jtzsg dAi
sPgA' (=ZAz qz U U
AgvPz). (zArAi Pzz Ezg g
`tAi' JAz). P zUVg i
zs Azg ; Pz Azg ZAzPP PA
CfvVg, (tz) R Azg Cz
ZAzP Uz HfvVz. DzjAz, Ez
Hfv . ( RP U Z P q U
Z A z P A w A i j R z P A w
tgzjAz, Ez Pz
z `tAi '
JAz Pg gz. tAi, Hfvv - Jgq MAz).
z 72 : : ` zA ggz g
AiA', (1. z: z AzAiz ;
2. P ; z QAi ) ; v `zsg
PAw g ga' (1. z : ZAzPAwAi
ntU 347

g JAzg CzP iz, E Cz

jg, PAwAiz ; 2. P : ZAzPAwAi
jAiiV G JAzg Cz z PAwAiz).
U, xz P z Pg Pgt,
Ez `'.
z 73 : Az : `gdA gd A' (=P + gdA
JAzg zsAz Prz ; Ez Czg z) ;
`zsg AA Cz Cw PAQvA' (=ZAzA Cw
PAPAz Prz) ; ` UA giVAiA
C (D P ZAzU) zg (=i). E
Gi U ztAz CU
Ag z j Az , Ez `Az '. ( R
`g'VgzjAz AzU MUUz).
z 74 : A : (Ez `Az'U wjP JAz
AiA) `CvsA gPgA' (ZAz vAAl
iqvP ) ; `P A dUz P Ai PA' (P
Pz KPiv v z QAi Gz ) ; `
UA P z C (CU AU) A.' R
ztUAU Prg UU gzjAz
R A irzUv.51
z 75 : gzs : `gzv gPg A gg A
F vAi zA' (=gvz nz ZAz
P F R), `EvA zgPq
gg gU' (=zg PU

51. `dUzP Ai PA' : Jgq v w UAi `Ai'

JAz Ez. zo `Aii' JAz Egz?
`uzB zAzB AsgzsvB JAz Pzz
zZAzUU As AAzsgz iUPg v
Gzgt zz irgz U.
348 PgdiU

Jzzg C g g gU ). (P P ZAz U
gzs ; Jgq R CU AU
gzs AzP ?)
z 76 : vvS : `dPAii Pt C E,
CU E ; E z , A', (`Ew
zv
vvS ' - Pz , II-46). z
z - vv JAzg zs U eA
DzsgU PAi - wz vvS .
z 77 : Czsgu : ` UA v zg, jtzsg
(= ZAz) gdAU E zgAi' (=).
Z A z P U q CwP R
g VgzjAz (`ZAzg AzAiB PPwP '
- zAr) Ez `Czsgu'.
z 78 : Cs v : ` RA gQgtPAw v wAiA
(=ZAzP Aw zAi ) MqU r irz EAv
Cw A i A Dv ' . RPAwAi ZA z P AwU
zj Az CwAiv E ; Cz i.
ZAzP AwAi sn MUr irz R JAzg,
`Csv', (zsgtV) Ez.
z 79 : CAs : `jtzsg

A, Aigz
(= UAzsz gz) Ca (=CVAi e),
zzgz (= Ai) g vg Z z
(=Ppvgz iv P gz), zgA (=
zgPz Czs) ZAz, UAzsz g, R - E
z U
; EU Ppv CAs JA CAz A
i
z. U Ez CAs .
z 80 : : `F AU RPg A, Aig
(=UAzs), gPg (=ZAz), vP PgP (=vtAi
DP), EAzPAvd (ZAzP Av g) -
ntU 349

EUAv, vA' (= vAVgz) - E CUAi

vAz SsP MAzQAv Z GiU
PngzjAz Ez .
z 81 : i : `U z (=zs Aiz) , iz


(=Ugz
) , ivz , ezgvA i, C
Utz, WA (=ZV), A' (=U i).
zArAi Gzgt PAz Ez Vz :
v E gB |
PAizsQ w iiPB || - II, 42
[ gU U U, g P U U,
DPP U U gP U U
(Q)rz ; Ez iAi P.
F P z
PAqg iAzs Z vg
iUPg z z

EVz. v Pzz iUPg vAU U
iAz tg U Ptgvz.]
z 82 : P : `D Z vgUt
v (A)52 s
Ai z
A ' (=ZAZz PtU Az
AvU
Argz, PAgv Az JAzg itP zAwg
PAznAz Uqgz Dz R),
`PvAdA' (ZV Cgg vgAi
), `A A' ; (U) `PAiA
J'. E Mn MAz Px EAz
PxzAU z `P.'
Cgz vgA i `Z' `gU t'Ai

52. `C.... vA' : Jgq v wU

A i `....v A'
JAz oz. Ez `CAdA' JA PzP (Gi
P) tU zszjAz `z A ' JA PvzP
(GAi P) tUP. Dz Pgt `... v A'
JA t wzl CUv.
350 PgdiU

vA v Pg EgzAz HP P.
F PP AAiiz zArAi P PxU
zz jtvAi Az. :
vz gPi zw |
szsAUP PgA sw APdA || - II,44)
z 83 : Azs : (Pzz Ez GPV).
(x KPg zAiU Az Wnvz
zs Gi U GAizAU
`Azs' iqz Azs - JAz Ezg
Pt jz.)
`PvPw' (Pv + DPw = PU Aq QAi DPw)
vgvwAi jvA (1.. + jvA = QUAz
Prz ; 2. AixwAi Ez ) ; z s Ai
CgUA (1. C+gUA = zs Ez ; 2. C +
gUA = z) ; GUvs gvA
(1. AZz , EzPq Egz ; 2. d Azg
Pz PAqz .)
z 84 : w

:[` QAaz A
vv z s tB
wwgw wi' - Pz (II, 46)
`Aiizzg MAz Pjv , CzP
iz zs EAz (w )
w z g P C U q t
wvUz' w].
iUPg P : `zsg ' (gd), `vvA iAi
vgw Pg z vdA A JAzA GAm'
(`z QwU , ZAz gjU z
vd Dz Ax (Mg) JAz
zPzg CPzAi? - ZAz
g vd
D E (PP) QA i E `w ' EzjAz, z
ntU 351

z gdg Cz Ut (vd) wvVz.

z 85 : v : `v'JAzg Pgt. Gi AiU
zP Pgts
vz i z
s Jw vjz
`v'.
zsAiAz (JAzg zsAi Pgt V) (
gVjAi (=g) U ; vdAz `CAg t'Ai
(=g U ; `Azs g PAwUtA' (= g z
PAwUtv) `APA (=ZAz U).

Gi UtzU
z 86 : `iz s g
' (= PgZ
A i iP Pqg ),
`PUz' (= PuUtV PwgZ iq
z = PPt z), `P Utz
v A' (=Gi U Pqzg Q
JA szP AAz UtzU PAi),
`AUZ s zAUA', `Ci P gzi U'
(=AiQAiPV, HU gzAv), `Cz'.
z 87 : `Av ggA Gv AiA', `(Av)
d v UAgA' - J `PA'
UtAivVAi Ez. AiiU Gi Utz
C P . Dz jAz , gd G Ai Dz g , E ,
GiAiU AiV, `CP'zz
`'P Vz. Vzg, UuP gg
d U U v A i i V . gd L A i
UAAiU PUArAi. DzjAz, `P
A'Ai Ez UtsP Gzgu.
z 88 : `PzA v CAgA (DP ) Cw A ; EAi
FvA Ai PgA JAzA sPA'. - E
G i U G A i U V A v U tz
352 PgdiU

`'VgzjAz CU v G AiUU
Vz. DzjAz, `P A'Ai Ez
zAiPz G.
z 89 : GiAiUz AUZU U AAzslAv
PvAi zAmUzAz zAr , P
Pnz. iUPg zArAi P iv sUB
Czi r Pnz.
zArAi Pt gu :
AUZ Pv |
GizuAiiA AivzU vA || - II, 51

8. CwAiQ
z 91 : ` ZgA gUg CP QAi,
vUz CPA gvgA CwAiiAPgA.'
zArAi P :
P Aii Piww |
CwAiQB zAPgvi Aix || - II, 214
CwAiQAi MAz ` Zg' `gUg
(`Piww'AiiV, JAzg Pz AsvAi
gAi j) `CPQAi vU z' JAzg
( V Egz Z ir z `CwAiQ'
J z . JAz , Ez g P v Az g
tgvzAi gv CP vz Qg ;
`s S' (III, 6-10) P gU
`CwAi' jwAi
t z CwAiQAiiUvz. F CAPg zAr
`CAPgv i ' JAz Pg
gz iUPg gAi
ivU `PAvAwPA' (III, 90) JAz, `gvgA'
JAz Uz. JAzg, CAPgU Ez
JAz CxUvz. Ez Zgz CA.
ntU 353

z 92 : Ez CwAiQAi Gzgu ; iUPg Av

P z . Ez g i U Pg A zs Pz
Az t v dvA i z z.
Pz Cx: ``UjPgzA, Azgz vzzA
zgtA'' (=lU
g
`UjP' (VjAAzs zz
UjP) JA PA zsvAz (Red Chalk) (Ai)
v g z , Azg (`ZA z ' ) v U
g A x z Dz z D A i ), ``DA
AzsgUz PgA PAq CAiz, AQ, Pz
MAi zA'' (= AeUA ZV PAq (Cz
DAiAz) CjAiz, QPAq Czg Pz
z)
AeUA , lz v , M Q MAz zA i
Av. Cz lz v jwzzzjAz
C UjPzs vv z ghjAi jAz Czg Ai
vAi, vvjuV PAVz. Czg v ZAzAz
vVz. Ez V z DAi Egz. (z j
zzP jAi DAi PAs P ZAz
Ai
grAiAl JAz P Ai). D Q DAi Pz Ai
zg DAiAz CjAi. DAi lAz,
Czg UA AzsgUAz sz. F sU
Pgt, J grz `CwAi'z AeUA. DAi
vU PA AzsgUz gv JgqP Ez sz
vl CjU gz jAz Dv DAi lz v A z
s
z. F Pgtz CAs WlAi gu Az
AeUA CwAivAi t zAvVz.
z 93-94 ; E Pq `CwAiQ'Ai CAPgP z U .
93Ai zz AU CwAivAi 94Ai
z z (M gdQAi, B v AU) AigAi
354 PgdiU

CwAivAi tVz. Egq zArAi P

zU Cj.
Ai d Z a v = U A z s ( U )
zPArg. zssgu = AiqAi
vng . zPAg gAi mA
i zsj
z .
e v = A U U .
DvPPA = PUAz vjAil
PP. (A swvAizgA' JAz zAr
gz `PPA Ezw ' JAz
iUPg irgz e vjAiiVz).53
EAzzw = ZAzPAw, P = , z,
CU = wg.

9. zAiVv
z 95 : Pt guAi F z nU zArAi
P
Cjz. v A
zg, zAr F CAPg
`vAiVv' JAz Pg z. z z vvA
i : w

E A P (MAz E QAi,
JAzg `P v'z)Qv Ut EAzg (JAzg
CPvz) zVgAv (`Pv' = Pj)

53. ``f zxU vU ElPAqz DP ; v

dg `' Cx DP z.
DP v P f, z, zs , Czs
, P EU
DA i DVz. eg DPz PPA z CPPA z
Jgq sUU g . PPz v CAv
Dz CPPAl. zxU jvP Aiz Cf
vv Pz. P v Cv PP
jt CAR Dzz - (...eg : `ezs
js', . 11)
ntU 355

z zA iVvAPg. (F CAPgz
PvPvU q UuP Cx zsP
zjAz Ez `zs ' JA Gi s z
vz . B Ez UA q iUPg A
98Ai z z , ``Gi s zU GQP U A iUU
U
CUtV Cj vz gt zsUAz
GQvU
V. v AU z vzA v g
D Gi s z (Pt )UAz C Aii P gz A z
PP. (`v')'' - JAz F CAPgP
CAv GAg P rz.
z 96 : F zz M gd (B vAU)
Pjv, `CPPgAv M PP ;
MAsvAi PP' JAz w, PPgAi
DvAi `PP'v JA Utz PAqg
`zAiU' ( AAzs) wz. (zAr
g PPg iv jz). v = CV.
AiP = Pg.
z 97 : `qz g g , (CAvAi) U
Gv (= nz) z v A i (=AZ) U
dz (=wAigz dz) Ai AU
(=Pl) (=g VgvP
) , DzA (=V)
ZAU (=ZvP , gl UvP ).' E qz
g , AZ, w Aig - EUU z Vg
ZAZ Ut AzvP V wz. (F z zArAi
Pz Cz).

10. DPAPg
z 99 : `v CxAiiz z DP A CAPgA'
- z z Cx g z Cx
356 PgdiU

CU A
iz `DPAPg'. vz P iwAi
`DP'A zP `gzs az' JA
CxAl. DP JA zz Cxzg `E z'
Cx `gPgu ' . Ez `w
zQgPB' JAz zAr
54
APV z.
z 100 : vP `z g PA' (=z t ),
zvg iUz (=Cz t zjAz,
zz jwAi) PA (=V, ZV)
MAi MA qUA; zAiA CAz55
(=zBRz Az) G (=ZV) zjz
(=z, sz) ; CzA PAi'.
54 `vP ', `CAiiP ', `P', `Gi P', `AAiiP ',
`vP ' - JA iUPg zArAi Cj g
`DP'z P MszU. wP Cj zAr `vP',
`viP', s zP ', JAz g szU z.
Ez, zArAi gg Evg szU E : `zsiP',
`zs
i P ', `PguP ', `PAiiP ', `CeP ', `CzgP ',
`DZP', `gP', `aP ', `AivP ', `P ',
`AAiiP', `CxAvgP ', `vP ' EU P Pt U
jAiiz, `CAi PB PvA' (Ez
jwAi Evg PgAvU HPz zs) JAz D
Pg U nz!
`DP ZP ' Az P iv DAiP Argz iUPg
PP z.
iUPg vAvZAi iqAzP, Az
(109Ai zz) `DP' Pjv `wgP Pz' JAz
rgz Q. Cx, C aAv, `vAU
zv'Az irz tAi JAzt zg vAi.
55. `CAz' : `C
Az' JAz oPg w AiAi, `C
Az'
JAz z ztz wAiAi oAvgU. Jgq
CzUA UPAz, `CAz' JAz Pv ztz
wzl irz. `CzAz' JAgz?
ntU 357

Ez zAr Png `vP'z PAz PnU

Vz. zz jwAi M qAi
xt z JA `DP'P iUPg
P n g Pg t g u a z . C z , zArAi
PtguU Ez CUtV.
z 101 : CAiiP : E M Q (B z) v
fvPz zs Uz, zzs Uz,
vzg iqz, `dvsiAi' (v
V nz xv) JAz v
qz t P zsd Avz s
PAiU iqgz `DP'irz. `CAi'
JAzg PgU , v. (F z zArAi P z Cz).
z 102 : P : F zz Ai P ZAzU
RZAzP Eg w, `vAi (=)
R g U Ai z z ' (= Az
A
id ?) JAz ZAz Cv
`DP' irz.
(zArAi PP EzP vz. C `vgP'
- Pv U PtU q - JA xP zz JqAi
`PAw' JA iv Ez).
gd g = 1. ZAz : Pj ; 2. RZAz:
P . PAvPg (PAw + DPg) = 1. ZAz :
Pz ; 2. RZAz : Azg .
CvAiA = 1 ZAz : CvAz vAz ,
zst; 2 RZAz : CvP iz
tg Az vAgvPz.
z 103 : Gi P : (zAr `GiP' g.
Dv ` A A i i P ' P P n g P
i n AU `G i P ' P i U Pg
Gzgu A iiV wgVPAq, `AAiiP 'P gAz
358 PgdiU

Av GzguAi Png .)
`Cz g A P z A P A ' (= A U U A ),
`gzAz' (=gvz q) ; `Rg
gA gA AzsgA Uz, CzA'
(=PgtAzg, ziq UeAi Azs g z
GAmUwz) .' E AU UA gvz qzAv
Vz JA CxwwAiAmUzjAz Gi
P t z ; ` g A g ' P Az z jAz ,
`gzAz' JAz w zP Pgtv.
U, Ez GiPz `DP'.
z 104 : `AAiiP' : `zPj Ai' (= z DAi)
`WAii Az' (=Uz q) ;
`W' (= q ) ; `Cz , U z
Z
zUAzs g, z A zPj'. (Czg KAi
PAU z UAzs GAmVzAiizjAz Cz
lV z D ) . ( z A i P As z
zAz z zzP UAzsAiPAz
ww). Pz DAi PAq, Cz Uz P
qA AAi z GAmUz ; zzPz
UAz CsP Az P `W ' JA `DP'P
JqAiiUz.
z 105 : `vP' : `iz s , UzvP?
U (`GAv', JAzg UP nU) zAi?
(JAU C - Ez `DP'. U DP `v'
JAzg Pgt, KAzg) : ` PgA (= a) JAzA
xg PAiz , zAizAv ?' a xg
PAi EgPzz, CjU gPzz ; CzjAz
Cg PAi Ez. Pq Ez, U zAiiU?'
EAz P izs). iUPg zArAi
ntU 359

P C z i rz g , Cz Z
UUz. zArAi P ;
Aiv gAz vA zzw PzZ |
v UAw AivzyB || -II, 167
z 106 : DPAPg `Cw'Az (JAzg
HAz) `wgP PA' JAz wzP JAz
iUPg E az. Ez U. iv
;
Jgq CAPgU P Pt
gu U


g
g

jsz, iUPg iw Aixxv zUvz .
zAr F iv . (`wgP' AiP gUU
III-39 jAz 48 zU ntU r).
z 107 : `wzx vvszz wzs iqz
CwAiz DPAPg' JAz `DP'z Pt
iUPg E gAi ivU rz. E
`wzx' JAzg `z ' JAz Cx rAiP.

11. APg
z 108 : - `KPg ZgavA ; xA'.
MAz g zz MAzQAv Z CxU
CqPVzg Cz .
(`' JAzg MAz EAzgq PrPArgz E
u z P Arg z . M Az z z x U
PrPArgzjAz Cz ` ' Jvz. zArAi Pt P
Vz :
ClPxPgvA ZB |
vzzA zAiw s || -II, 310
z MqAiz xU wvz, Cz Cz
(Gz., gd : zg, ZAz) ; z MqAizjAz xU
wvzg, Cz z (Gz., zsUA : z =
360 PgdiU

s + UA = AiiU DPz AZj ; + z

+ s
UA = zP
q R
). F Jgq Az
s U
A i
z `KPgv'Vgvz.
vAvVAiiU Gi APgUAiiU PwgZAi
U azU iv Ai xP. zArAi F GQ
U.
B w AiPQ AiA |
A zs sQPQw YAiA || -II, 463
(YAi Jgq zs ; MAz sQ, EAz P Q.
Ai zsgtV J `PQ' (CAPjP gZ)UAi
Czg U vz.)]
z 109 : F z zArAi P Cjz. Ezg
zU CzUVz, Jgq CxU
Pqv, `qU A' JA QAiizz
AU CAiUAr.
`gd' JA Pv z () `Cg' v `ZAz'
JA x Az. F zz tU
Evg zU `gd' (zg) gVAi `ZAz'
g VAi Cxiq P. (Az, PAz MAzA i
Cxz gdg VAi Jgq A iz ZAz
g

VAi
CPP.)
``GzAiigqsA (1. GzAiz JAzg v KUAi
gz ; 2. GzAi vz gz,
JAzg Gzwgz), PAvzA (1. Azg P
A iiz ; 2. PAwU JAzg P P Aiiz ),
C gP v Aq A (C gP + Dv + Aq A )
(1. izgUAz Prz sAq , gd
Ag ; 2. Cj Az PA tAz Prz
v AqPwAi
), PzPg A (Ez iv z
) (1. P + z + PgA = s U + DAz
ntU 361

+ GAliqvP ; 2. Pz + PgA = U
+ GAliqvP , JAzg CgvP), PP
z A q U A (gd Z A z j g ) ( P P
Av GAliqg).''
z 110 : zArAi Pz `s zjPlPA' JA sU
iv ElPAq, Gzz vAvV gaz
iUPg. `s sxA'56 JA PvzP `gegd
Cx ZP w
' v ` vU MqAi Cx iAi'
JAz x. (Az Png CxU , zAiz
`gd' gz Cx ; Jgq A
iz `v' g zz ).
vgPlPA = 1. z gdzAi ; 2.
gz sUz + j + +
A = 1. D + Pzg (JAzg Ue ) +
lzgt EjAz z ; 2. D + A
(Cx ) + J - EUAz zz (JAzg,
CU ). Gv zA = 1, Gvz Ug
;
2. Jvgz v Gz. v szA =57
1. AUz Lg s z iqv ; 2. l
s PqvP z . jvPA = 1 (UU
Aiz)
PUAq, g ; 2. ( + jvPA ) QUAz
lz, (E Ai ).
z 111 : ``gz (MlUrz) AzA ( + AzA =
1. QU iv ; 2. Pl iv), Adg PwwAi
(Adgz VAr) ; gZPs AwU (g + ZP +

56. zAr`sv' (= gd) JA gz iUPg

`ssxA'(= gegd, ZPw) JAz GzPV
ir, vAU F zz Agz.
57. z ztz `v' JA o PvVz. Ez
oPg ztz.
362 PgdiU

sA wU = 1 z ZPU
wgUP ; 2. v
Aqz
s ), PU AU (PAg U ) ;
zs (1. + + zs = UnAiiz,
z, + (zvU) PgAi, D + ,
PU ; 2. + C + zs = zqzz + Aizz
+ ) - (E) AivA U A (P V GAmU,
PAqg).'' (Ez zArAi zz Pg `gz
P'z ; w xP z gzUz Jgq
CxU MUArz).
z 112 : ``F sA, `CjUvs' (Cj + Uv +
s = 1. UUz vU s ; 2.
UU A iq ), `s zsg A' =
EAz ; `zsvP PA' (zsv + P + PA = 1.
(q) PU Az (ZAz) Z
2. (Zv) PU (zU) (P
zgAUv), `zPg A' = (zAz Prz)
ZAz ; `vigA' (v + Gi + gA =
1, zz GAi (wAi) w ; 2. zz
QwU MqAi), `Cv sdAUA =
Az, Ustz . (Ez zAr
zg `DP g QAi g '. iUPg
Pg (. 113) PU `gz (Aiv)
'Ai szU)58

58. F P z
zArAi zAv
zzg P U
ilU. iUPg `s ' EAz, ZAz, g AU
z g , z Ar gd CZ v, Z A z , z ,
APggqUr tg. zArAi P :
CZvZ gevPAiB |
zzs de APgsdAU || - II,322
ntU 363

12. GvPAPg
z 114 : ``zz (`Uzz') MAz
AixwAi g, gAz jwAz (`vAz
iA') wz GvP.''
(``ZvZvU


g `w'Ai (wAi) Cz EgzQAv
gAi jwAi `GvQ'z GvP'' - zAr.
`Gv + + FP' = `g jz Pz (PAi) l,
s, P' JAz iw Cx. CwAiQAi P Egz
Zir zg, E gAi jw P v. JAzg
GvPAi PPU zs).
z 115 : `GvP'U P : `qU v q
Pq (`P j ') P Azs z g vU
GAmz
PqPAz JAv (`PqPAi J') P
zsAiqPAz Aia (`Qr Uz') P
v.
UA i q U
vgz PqAiAz
jAz Az, g Prz, vg zAl wzPV
P Pz w. UU g Pgt;
C PAzs ; vU UAirz g
q wjP Czs , P z g
gAzsz P Pr GzAz D
(CZv = 1, Zvz ; 2. P. CZ = 1 zs
zsAPz ; 2. g Pz gd = zg ;
2. ZAz. z = 1. gd ; 2. zv. APg = 1, AUPj ;
2. Fg, CsdAU = 1. Usljz ; 2.
zsjz.)
Pq zz `GigA' JAzP z `APgA' JAz. F
z vAU A vP JAz szzg, `Gig' JA
xPz z
v AU gtAiiVg
zz `Giz'Ai
jgz JAz Ai wAig H.
364 PgdiU

P
v JAz wAi `g' gAz
(Pv) jwAi P z.
z 116 : ``, F Puv (= QAiqAiiz
) QAi , ` z lz MA izV
Aiwz' (JAzg, PqUt lz v V
Czg AjU vqAiAliqwz) JAz s
Pugq Puvz DP t iqw.''
Ai PqU t
l PAi Gv P
U Ai Uwgz w ; Cz vU
CrAiiVz JAz Cz Pt DP gnz Jz
59
PP.
13. PAPg
z 117 : ``CAvgA Uz zzA (g VlP Arg
D Z Avz ) U z EAVv , Z ,
DPgUvUz PAeU P az''
PAPg.
z 118 : ``w (= izsr) CrU JVz
(= jz) N (= Ai) vAU (= P
nz) CAUU) wlA (= wqPAz, GelAz)

59. Jgq PU zArAi Pz CzU . C

P Pt Ai zs ( Pl guAi)
iUPg nz. Cz, GvPAPgz `E' JA iw
AiUAz Pg D CAPg G AiAz vV
wAiz, U wAiPqz, JAz JZjP rz ; v
Avz
`E' J zz A
v `' `AP' `zsA
' `AiB' `A'
Ev zU
A
iUUv JAz wz. iUPg F
a gU nz. PqzAi `', `CAv' `CAwg'
Avz Gi ZPU GvPAi AiUUv ; evU,
`J', `J', `JAUA', `CAzsA', `i'(A) JA zU
AiUUvz. zArAi a gu PqP CAiUvz.
ntU 365

z A U MU z (= z U Pt P Aq )
PZAiAU (= giAZz zAi), ,
UA UgA iA (= R tV irzg ,
JAz g , C R P U Az g ), A
(= P), Pz.''
z 119 : ``g A (= Ppz iv) Cwg Pt
RPg A (= g z l
RsAVAi), gAiA (=C CAvgAUz
s gi azg ) vg AUA
(= U A i ) Jz Ai JP A A
(= zAiz w).''
Jgq zU PAPgP zAvU.
EU AiguAi `s Q'Ai zs .
Dzg , Ai Pg
Az nz giAZz (DPgUv
Ae) P Ai P wz zAiz
CAvgA Uz s (. 118), Pp Rs
gzg PqU t
q, U - F CAU ZvU Az
zAiz PjwAi Pl, gu
`P Q'Ai bAiAi v gzjAz s SAz
JAz JtP.
15. Q Cx APg
z 120 : ``(MAz ) Ut, ew, QAi AvzU
PAqg `PvAiA CUtiVg z Ait
z ' (JAz g , ` P ' Cx
PAzPgvAi CP CUtV z, CU
PAq g `Ait
' z) APg.
(Ez zArAi Pt guAi Cz.)
z 121 : ``PAv (= x ) JAvA, CgA (= t),
P (=P ), P gd vAvwg
366 PgdiU

(=Pz vgz A n z) , w A
(= EU Az) CUgA JZ (= gU tAz
q z ) , w P A , P j A ( =
rP)'' - iUPg zArAi P
irz. Pz `zs t
Po g wP Czg s v A i Uz' JAz.
E, x tz Ut `Pv'Ai azAi, g
PU U Czg xz `'
Utz. (Ez `Ut' z `'.)
z 122 : ``z AvgA jz (= vn
CUz), Pt JA DgPAU DUz (= PtU

PAUz) , RAsj v s P n PiVgz (R
UAnAz Przg), CjA UA
EAv (= v U Uz ). E cDz
gd UU

UU PU Pz d . z z

t vVg PZP QAiU . E EzAi
UU Ugz `'. (Ez zArAi Pz
Cz. E QAiiUv `' Ptz.)

15. ivAPg
z 123 : iUPg Pt gu zArAiz AixvV
Cjz, v QA iz
z jAz, zArAi P

z Uz Gv :
QAazgsit PAiA zv B |
vvzsiwAii vzB ivA || -II, 298
(MAz PAi DgAs irgvU F PAizsP
CPz g zv MzUz `iv'Az
PgAivg. )
FU iUPg Pz Cx U Uz :
ntU 367

``gz UAi (zAz MzVz jwAi),

Cv Q v A (Cv Q v z PAi zs ) ,
(MAzAzgPz, MAz zgQPqz)
(gvA i vAPguvg PA, CU (AzV
ivAPg s zUz, JAz wAiz).''60
z 124 : z U (=PPArz AiAi
U), w J UU (= C izs
r U Zg z ) , z g P
(= AiV MzU Av), A v AivA A, J
(= AvP gtz ZAz), UUAvg
z JvA wAv zv.''
F Pz iUPg AvgZ. Ai v
AiAi wzP gl Az s z z v
CU AiPV Jg qvz . EzjAz, Pv A i
CU zj Ptvz. Cz, ju
gvP
(BPgP) JAz zz ZAz AiAi
UzgAi AiPUz.
z 125 : Ez `iv'P zAv ; Ez zArAiPz
Czzg, Cz Cjz. C GPz
`WUfv'z JqAi ` AZ' Az.
``vqvqz (Uz gwAiizjAz Adjz) PAv
U qz U Aiwz U Uz PU v A i,
qU qq gAvgV Ai AZ

60. iUPg `ivUt', `ivAPg' - Egq MAz

jAz zz. FAAzs z guA i II-73 jAz
77 gg U
z U
nt
A i Ptz. `g
' : J w
U
A i
Eg o `g', `g' JA oPg wzl E
CAVPjz.
368 PgdiU

Cqvq U ZV Urv (`Ai Cqr PUA

vqzv ').
16. iQ
z 126 : ``vAz zAzA (= MAz
PAq), vz zA vA =
Cz gAz ), P UA P
ir ir z (= PgU P Q
z)'' iQ.
E, V CvVgz v ;
Cv tAi v ZPz PgU
GRgvz, C. EzjAzV Mn GQAi AQv
Cqvz. F AQvAzVAi CAPgz g
iQ' JAz.) ``AQ gvv i QB'' -
zAr). (Ez FZU `CQ' JAz zVz).
z 127 : zP zArAi Pz Cz gz :
``C (=zA), vgAig (=vg ),
g ezzA z (= Czg gAiPz
jz PrPAq Avl ), F U
(= F V ) , P g A z g e U z
(= CzgPgAz U zsAz - ArAz -
UAq), D iAi (= vg
z UAi EAi qQ), P Pz z
(= D V P PzAi zqz).''
vAAi Zlz tAi z PP
qPAi PAz PAi Gz. Ezg
guAi A z. (Ez Pq zArAi Pz
Cz).
z 128 : ``gz Cw zU Ut P gv
PvzVz (= qsAiiz AiAU
ntU 369

As V, PvxV ; Pvz = Pvx?) (`Pvz'

JAz z zt w Ai o), Egz (= gz,
JAzg, CjAz vUz), vgtgvAvg gUA
z C vAAi A (= U PAiAU
AsVPA CPAi vAAi z C
zVz).'' (vA = lg, vg =
qs AU, vgAi U = vgt, PgAz =
A s U - U E G i Ai s
CAvU vVgz Uz).
z 129 : F Pz iUPg Av gZ. Dzg,
zArAi Pz t g g `w

Z' Ai Cj, EAi `CAiAP'z Qz
`UtUu zAi sV'Aiiz g tAi gAi
jwAi irz. DAiAz CAiAPz Qzz
Ai P t , g CAi wAi az.
(P Pt Ai iqU, P v P P CAv
`Ev iQB zs vv' JAz
w `C i Q ' J s z zA r
GQz) .
``zgA (1. zzP jwg UAq ;
2. zgz Q), eviA (Gvi :
1. ZV z jz ; 1. i Aiiz), Dgqs
AA (1. g z gAi g ;
2. gv Az dzz), CAiAPz
(1. B mUgg Pz, CAiPgz Pj
; 2. CAi jwAiA Pg), KA v
EzzA (v = v z, vq
i qz, vqi q
PP), PtzA''.
z 130 : P Pt A iz z ; P z z CAvgx
370 PgdiU

E jz : vU UtUu zAi sVAiA, KA

MAz GAiiAvgA, UAiz (giq
xUz) CA, F UtzA (= JtP Az),
UAiA Dir rzA (=CAiAPP Qz
CAi DAi CU z )''.61

17. AiiAiQ
z 131 : ``Uzx z (G
z Cx `PvV'
wz), U wz UAiA vA Cz A
U z A i i Ai P A (w z g Cz
GAiV gg jwAi azPV
EAz z, JAzg AiiAiV Cx
P gAvgV Cz z, `AiiAiP'.)''
z 132 : ``A EgA CUA EAv, F iAi (=F
jwAi) E (= v), rwjA ; DA,
DzPwAiA (= UAzsAiPz U
AU), D gU DAiP Ai EU A.''
z 133 : F z z zAvz DAi jz.:
C A i : ``(C g ) C v A U q
(= MAzUr), PA (= ZV) gv A
CU iqA z zU DU U Uz P Ai62
61. AUv Ai wA ig , ``sgv ZP
wAiiVz vAzAi
P P Aq v U l jz q Cx Pz
gds UPz zg MzVv'' JA AUwAi w, ``E
jzAv, `F UtzA Dir' rzzAzg, EAx CAi
UU U Qz vAUgd CAi azzV
vgwz'' JAz Hzg. (P.g.P-1; .39-40). Ez
Zgt Aiz CA.
62. Jgq v wUAi `PAivA' JA oz.
`PAi() vA' JA wzl .JA..Aig
azg. (Q.J.M.O.S., XXIII-3 : . 440).
ntU 371

rzAw ivA''. Aig MAzUr,

KPAvvAi Cg iUUPAz zUAi
Ex.'' Cz gV wz v UAi
Pgt w gl Uv.

18. gzsAPg
z 134 : ``MAzAz MAzAzA vAz M
ir (= gzUz zxU ` ir'
JAz g A U U A v i r, Mq U r),
v Av g A A z z C z ' (=
CU V z CAvg
, JAzg CU
UtU V wz), MAz (= APAq
AzU), gzszs A (= `gzs'A g
CAPgUz) ; Cz EAvPA''.
z 135 : `gzs'P P (zArAi Pz Cz) :
``gz U z P A g
A QU A U av
(= gzv gAsz AQU EAz g
QU z DAz GAl ir av ) ; Gg
z g g gUA (= Pzz CP z
AvP UqA iAmzz jAz g gv
Dz), t gA (= U UnAiiz PPg ),
gv g i Ai (= nU Pzv).'' - U
UU AvzAiP AUU zBRPg
DVgAv gv UU zBRPg, AUU
AvzAiP DVgzAz PAi. E,
gv z g g
gzU z A AigU s
MnU gzg P CU UtU
Jwv jz.
z 136 : ` Ai i J P A G CU
372 PgdiU

PgAziU (= AvPz Aiigv

PAiAz, JAzg PAz Gg U
PgA zz U iU ), gz JvA z A
(= JAi gr zAi zg Pq), gU
ZAUA CUA qz (= CUz t U
Pt g V qz ).'' - (Ez zArAi Pz
z Cz : C `Gz igv', `ZAPg t'
v `Axg' E (`Aiigv' `PgAzi '
U `gU' DV) . P gz z
tAiizg, Ez Avz t. Av iz
P g A z P v n P z dV
zAiPz l ; C P z, gU
PtU zg, D PgtAz g jAiwz JAz
szVv ; Dzg, Cz P zg Pq, Cg
Ptg jwgz, v CUz Aig z .
(A vzjAz). PgA z vnP U AUw, gU
CUPAi PgU - E MAzP Az gz. Egq
KPv EgAv tvVgzjAz, `gzsAPg.'
z 137 : ``gUv iUsz' (JAzg, gz
U v
z CAPg s z ) F z vjg ''
JAz , ``Gi CAPgUAi PAqg
gzs Pt PU P Cjj'' - JAz
, `Gi CAPgUAi PAqg gzs
Pt PU P Cjj'' - JAz MAz
AP iUPg E wz. (zAr Ez
) . (`g z g P ' ( III-19), `g zv P
CxAvg' (III-35), `gzs ' (III-75), -
E `gzs' zAU z. F CAPgU

Pv CPv (t Ct)U guz, CU
ntU 373

q t z ZVAi ZVAi Agvz .

`gzs' zA iizg utU q t i z s z
Q . Cz, APjPg `gzss '
Ez).
19. C v A
z 138 : ``vzz U (ZV), j, U
q (PUAv zg), Cz `Cv' JA
CAPg''. Ez zAr `Pz'z `Cv A
zPAv Aii wB' JAz gz. `A'
`w' JA ivU s `U j U
q'63 JA ivU iUPg jz
JAz wAiP. F CAPgz, Gi Pz
JAzg Cv. UPAz GAiz JAzg
C vz w wAivz. (F CAPgzAU, F Az
z `i Q'Ai q P. (. 126-
130). CAi Cv tAi P v
avVgvz . Czg Pt
guA i, `Cz zA
P UA Pi r z ' JAzzjAz v
v
U


q t PU zs ; Cz, C `w 'Ai ( A Ai)
Q. `Cv'z A Ez Egvz. F Jgq
CAPgU qt Pszsz)
z 139-140 : (PPt Ai F Jgq zU
zArAi PU nU Cj) : ``UUt
(= fAP U U ) , U v tz

63. g NjAiAl jAi MAz wAi `j... vA'

JA Ez. Ez C zz w Ai. Dzg
vn
vz z


` U ' JA q A i ` U ' JAz Eg z JA
Az AmUvz . `z Ar'Ai ` wB' JA iwU Ez
jUvz.
374 PgdiU

Avgz (= V z g Az
vAg Pr q), z g PAivg
UA Uz C z qz (LAizz
RfAz Pvgzg z Dl Cg
R Pq qz), RA A.'' (. 140)
``g aAvvAvA vA v A v AvA z
(= gg aAvAz PgU
v v izs rP GzAz),
CvA UUtwAiA AvA EAv CzA
(= C v
z, JAzg v ZgP AAzs q
z
, fAPU
UA f F jw wz ).''
mAi rUV gg iqv CvAvV
zPzQAv Pr fAPU U vAvz g
f q
z - JAz P z Qv x.
wAig v ZAi wAi Pjv
gUz vAi avVz. ` qz
z A z g PAivg' JA Az r
vZP Vz.
20.zAPg
z 141 : ``Utz UAz CUtiVg
(= M QAi E Utz UU
CUtV D QA i E
Ai j),
vzzA MAzA tv zP z Jt z
(Cz vAz z P z Czg
Al Cz jUtz)'' z APg.
iUPg Pt gu zArAizQAv v Vz.
zArAi P :
CxAvgv QAav vvzA sA |
zz zv Ai vv zA || -II, 348
ntU 375

(MAz CxAvg


gng,
nU CzP z z
s - JAzg CzjAz s Cx - Cz Eg
Eg - CzjAz gr vjz `z').
zAr `Cx' JAz P V gz , iUPg
`Utzz Cx' JAz PjgAv
PAqgvz. DzjAz zArAi PU Pjz,
v Dz PU gaz.
iUPg Pq P U

gAi DzjAz, zArAi
MAz P E Uz CPUz :
GzAi v zAiw AiA |
svA s zAiUA || -II, 349
(Ai Gzz Pq zUU AzAi Ai
qv - Mg C Az s
Azg, vjU CU

vgz JAz UtzPV).
E, iUPg PU jz :
z 142 : ``C UtwUA (z JAzg
z UtUAz q Az), v
PdUvav UtA (= dg ZV U Aq,
CAvUvz Cg AiU Ut ) Vg
(= JgAi MAz VgAv iqg) -
P r, P AiiPg AA vG (= Zz
g w A vA i U).'' - Dz Aigz
gdg dg z tU U MAz V Ptg
JAz B F zz vvAiixV vgvz.
A Pz AwU t t gzjAz, Ez
gd AiPzzAz Hzg vUz. Cz,
Ez `zAPg'z PzU gdwU
AAzsngz Vz).
z 143 : ``dA CAizUA A AiA Cz C
376 PgdiU

Dq z AwU tA ; dzA U, Uz s,
CPgtv AwAi Ut?' (`gdP AAzsl
Aii AUwAi DU, dg wP qA i z
CjPz wAiAz wz Cz gdU
Cg Aw xzg, Cz AwU t ; Cz,
dg ivrP gA z , l w zs Pq
U, d z v z AwAi Ut.')
dz = dg DrP iv. U = Pl U,
vzg. Uzs = lz - , wzs.
( , zA rAi U i U Pg P U
jz, Eg Pq Pt PU q Eg
PAZn sz Ugwz. zArAi Pt
P U

`x-s
vx z ' Ezg, iUPg
Pt PU `A-wA' s PAqgz.
(E F v A P P U
, `v ',
`zs' JAAi `' JA Gi ZPz
ivP Ez `Gi APg'Az AQgz ).64

64. Dzg, s zAPgz CAv', `U' Avz

GiZPU AiU V z.
QAiAi vzxzv |
eAii z
Aixw
|| - PAPg : III,33
(`CAv', `U', AvzUAz Ez Pz P MAzg
QAiAz z Czg CAi vUzAz
t zg zAPg)
``MAzg sP QAiAi vvAi zz
zAAPg. Jgq PU A-wA s
Azg zAvA z, MAz Pz
zAv z PtAwzg
z Az g E U v vg.'' -
q|| P. Pw : P.PAPg (Cr nt) ; . 64.
ntU 377

z 144 : ``z PgP vP l (PAisg

vA i
vPAq) D P D PAiz s P
A id ? U Pzg, Pg irPAq
(`vA iA Qj')65 zAi (wyAi) g z
PG qAvUz''. v q = vAi
vP , zsj
Pd = PAi Qj = Pg irP
(Qj = , vAv UAxZ ..zs., zsvo) U
= q, JU, UA.
z 145 : `` wPV AwgU, Dg vz
wAi (` v A i A') C P Vz g P q
(vzUtV J GzU irzg) Pgzs
zsU. P irz GZgz U, Cz
xz DAii.''

iUPg zAPg guAi GAg sUz

(. 153) `EAvvs z A zDAvAPgi UA P qz
I AvvUtA PPAvVz Uz g Pg' -
JAz, zAPgAz nz CAPgs z zAv, Jz
V z. zAr s g `zAv'z G R
iqzg, PAiUz `A - wAs' Qvz,
zvzz CAPgsz B z
Ugwz Ug iUPgU PAz Ptvz. `P qz
vvUtA PPAvVg Uz Pg' JgzjAz,
vvz `zAv' Pq P AiUz EgAz
iUPg x vB P q PUU iUz iqwg Az
H zVz . (`z Av ' P q z P z
ZgVgzz Ai wAi g H). U
gzl j `zAv'Az gz. CAv `zAv'
Pq PdAiV, `iUPg DAi gjz.
65. Jgq v wUAi `Qj' JAz jAiiz oz.
v oz `Qr' JAz wgz v. `Qj' JAxz
`Pg' JAz FU P iw grAiz.
378 PgdiU

z 146 : ``Pz Cz zz Gz JAzA Gzg

vdA CPA CA ; CzA z vU tA lAiz A
A PA gA vP.''
`Cg vd g Dzg Pq GzPz
Pz Gz z Ai i U A v Az
Gzzg Pq C g C ; DzjAz,
UuzAi wd Dz gd P ZV
vj, JAzg Pz PAiRU.'
z 147 : `q CAizq CjAiA CAvBP A P
AqA QrUA ; v s A g Cz
AqA vqAiz Qr .''
`MU z (z) v gdg
CjvPzzg (JAzg, v MV
z P Uvzg), vP s z (gP

s z) g (CAvBPA P ZAz Aq vq i qz
Pr U, D v i qz.'
z 148 : `v C xAz wgg ir
(Gz ir), czcz UAv C r z
zg, qU g gi qU,
D `QjAiU' PP zgQPq A
(`v Pz A') CP Az s PrPAq,
xV EjAiv, JAzg DP t iqv (`gz
CA z EUA).'
q = PvjU, czU. = Az, q
(G, vZ - ..z ; v = A).
= xU. g = PrP. CAz = q.
z 149 : ``MVz jU CP sPA PA
Z FAig ; qA vg z
Mqz CAAiA
Z FAizAv.''
ntU 379

``qV zzU MqzP Aq CAz gqz

Cz Z CP Pq ; Cz jw, gdg J
s vgzg Mv U
(JAzg, g Dzg
vPzgV z UAi yU) D gdg
C Az V CP Pq.'
PA = ZV, jzV. vg = Z, gq .
CA = z.
z 150 : ``g P
A vU Eg GA , CzgA CzA
KUAiA C z; gz rAiA g gz Pg
iqz CUA, U?''
`v P Egg U
v Egz PPg ; DzjAz,
Cz (vP) Kzg ir rvPz.
grPArg ru g CzgAU
PrPAq Cz PgV iqgU Cz MAz
Pq gz?'
G = P, P, Aii C = r, U;
() g = Zzg, , grP
z 151 : ``U EZAiA PU Aq CAiz v EZ Az
PdA A v
DA; Dv vAiz z
d vA''.
`Pgi q (gd) EZAi EAVvAz CjvPz ,
(Pq, Aw) v EgV Pg
(Pgz ). DvAz
tAii r g ; (g U Az) g w g
wAi CjvPz Ozs w z U'.
PUAq = (zs., PU) EAVvjv, Gz
(UjAi) U ; Gz, U = (zs., U =
GzU Sv P Z - ..z.) (`U ' Egz?)
GzVAi, Pgiq , Dv = APzg ,
380 PgdiU

gwg = (F Azsz gUrv).

z 152 : ``juxA RjPgA gwAi
gvA F ivA Zzgg? DgZPA
U GtA ZzAv.''
``PAi gaAi PzPArg (CgZP' '
Cft g V) (q vV) U Vg
Hl aP z jwAi - juz vPg z
RPgz AiAz Prz gvz F iv
(JAzg, FgU z vZ ) Zz Egg
Aiig ? (Zz g
Aiig E JAz Gvg . Zz
g
66
Ezg, Cg CgaQU i JAz vvAi).
z 153 : 143Ai zP AAzsl ntAi r.

21. Q
z 154 : ``Ut ew zzU AAzsz, C
MAz Az v Mqg (Cx QAiAiiz,
Mq qAi) JAz tzg Cz Q''
(`Utev' JAgzjAz `evAPg'z z
QAii, z
U

`D' JA z Az avV. ` QB

66. `d Aiz UA Aiz qz AwU t JAz

z AwUtAz w, CzP CgV Aq
(144-152 zU gg) `jux 'z gdwAi
i v v AU U Dv Aw A i v a Av P
gzzz UPg E Pav jwAi
g Tg z . v AU Zg V P Ai
ggzz PAzjAz F zU `PgdiU'z
C PAq g EAx `gdQAizs'AiEvg z U
GzjgzAz Ai wA i g
Hvg. (P.g.P
- sU. 1; . 44). MAz CAxzAz vAU AiP
Pz, CzjAz F zU Gzjzzzg, D P
ntU 381

s Px A UtP uA' JA zArAi Ptz

`ew'Ai JqAi `P ' Cx `QAi' GP Vz) ` s '
JAzg `MqU r EgP', Cx `Mq As z.'67
z 155 : ``gzAi UtAvwAiq Dz
(JAzg, UAvz) Aiv (QwAi
l) CwzsiAi ; U, Dv WvAiAU
s J PP av .'' E Ut, QwAi
MqU r zs z ; `zs 'z Jgq `zg'AiiV
; z zsVz C PrAi `Cwzs'z.
W v s U g q KP P z a z .
`CwAi'Uzg `Z zg, Jgq MAzPAz
`zg' ; U, Jgqg `' sz. `' (= Mq)
JA iv Ez.
(`Cwzs
' JA v AU `CwAi zs ' JA gz
avVgAwz ; `g zAi' JAz C gz
U. F z z v AU UttAi sUvz .
zArAi PU z, Av Pz
Pngz F HU AVz.)

PgdiUPgz DVggz P ? KAzg , Dzsg zgP g U ,

E GAZP jzUv.
67. s Pt gu Z RavVz. `v P QAi Aiv
zAi iAi | zP Pxv QB v Aix'
(PAPg : III-39). ``Jgq U KPPz qAi
QAiAi MAz zAz wz `Q','' `' (= MAU,
Mq MnU) JAz D MAz iv. zAr sjg P U A
i
`' JA iv vz Az. iUPg Ez zg,
P z `Mq ' JA i v A i U Vz . iU P
`zgAit z' JA iv U . JAzg, `P' (O )
EgP. (F P UtQAiiUAi UVgvz)
382 PgdiU

22. AQuAPg
z 156 : ``GPA Pg APgP
A AQtA CPA''
APg JAzg gP, t. (F UAxz) GPz
CAPgU g P AQuAPg.
zAr Ez `A' JAz Pgz.
APgAB A Uzv ||
CAUAV sA A PPv |
EvAPg APt
Aii z UwB || -II, 359-360
(`APgU A iqz (JAzg gP iqz)
`A'. U AAiiU CAPgU CAUAVs
v zs JAz Jgq UUgz QP.'
(iUPg F Jgq UU zg C Png
Pzz F Pt UVz.) AAiiz CAPgU
MAz z s z CAPg E Az M U Arz g,
z
s zz `CAV' (CAU z
) ; CAvU
vVgz `CAU'.
`PP'z Jgq zsVgvz.)68

68. CP CAPgU A irzg Cz `MAz' CAPg

Uv JA Az GAmUz d . s P gu
dVz, Azz U P Gvg PqAwz:
g su AAPgAiUvB |

( CAPgU AAiUAz GAmU `A' gv iAiAv

z CAPg).
MAzAz CAPg rrAiiV gv zAv zg, CU
MAz zz jzg, gviAi U vz. Cx,
g g tU g g ewAi U UAZ Jz.
EAx MAz `CAPgi'Ai Cx `UZ' gazP
eu P. DzjAz, Ez CAPg JA Az Q.
Ezjv `APg avg PsP CzA Pz EAv
' JAz iUPg a
gu
A
i Png U Ptvz
.
ntU 383

z 157: Ez Av Pz. DzjAz F z zAi

iUPg vAU QwgAv Ptvz.
F zz tvz 's' - (i) `CgUA
w'; wAi U `CgU'. Ez
G i APg ; `C g U ' JA A i
MU Aqz jAz, Ez `CAV'; G Ai `CAU'V
Az. (CgU = 1. (wAi U) vgU,
gUz Uz
; 2. (C + gUA) gZAzg A
v)
U t rAi z ). (ii) `C U v U tVAi A
eAivzA': UtAivVAi v Zz
z . (z A rAi i U i U Pg U
`gzss' GTzg DzsPg
D CAPg Ugwz. `eAivz' JA
zz xz P gzsz vjPAi
jjP. `eAiv z' = 1. v gz
z; 2. v `DAiv'z JAzg zz Ov zV
G(?)]. (iii) ` Aizs sA': Zz
QwAiA zs z Zgz AUAi . (Ez
gPAPg). (iv) `Cgw Pg vg z zA':
`v A gU Pq q '.
F P z z G , , g P - E
APgVgz Ptz.
23. jw
z 158 : ``gA Cx g Ai ZA
jwAiAzP A''. (CxA Ai AiB jw
Aix' - zAr).
``CxU AiUAv (JAzg MAz Pl
vAz wAiiV qzAv) t z jw''.
z 159 : ``jw'U Gzgu. z CAi : ``zg
384 PgdiU

gAUAvgz CvA (= gq Pzsz

AizgA Uz q wz
V), ej wUAzA
(= v v

Az) gz dAAiAUAq (= PrAz
U qz), DUq (= DPq), gAU gv
Ai RA (= zv AigAU As U ),
CjU PlA''. `gPAiiz gd v Ag
ir dAiUz ' JA vvg . CjAz qz
dAiP wAiiV CjU UR Pl JAz
`CxAi' irgzjAz F `Z ' CAPjPV
jtz.
(`Gzg'UtP Png P (.II, 80) Ezg AU
.)
24. dw
z 160 : ``Ut zAz vg U
CwAiV z dw ; Ez xUAz
vU Arz.''
(``v x A' : v Cx - F Jgq
CAgvP z F CAPg. P P V U zg
zt AiiVAi, D z x U zg
UttAiiVAi Ptz - JAz Ezg gu.
Ez, - `Ew zA ZPvA |
dwPguAiAvB gB ||' - JA
`Pz'z PAz (II, 347) Uvz.)
z 161 : Ez, `Gzg Zjv'z AiP (gd) v
Pz QAi zsjg Pv gAit -
JAz w t, `PgdiU'z gA sz
Jgq
zU vAUU U Csz P
irg tAi F z U vg vz. Cz,
Ezd zArAi PAz nU Vz. DzjAz,
ntU 385

F zz `vAU' AirzAiAz .
zz Cx :
`` d g Ai nz z , t V
`PU t'zAi CgU z (PU t : 1. Pz
Ut JAzg PAPAizz, z ; 2. P Ut,
JAzg Ut), QAi () `U'
(V) P z `DAvA' (zsj z Ai), Cz
U Gzgz ZjvUwAi ?'
E `QAi Pz zsjg' JAzzjAz
`gAit'U JAz v irz Uv.
(vAUU `ggAit' JA gv. `U
GzgZjU ?' JA DPzAi vAU
`Gzg ' JA g G Rz ) . Q A i
z A z P . Q z z
nzAzzjAz C P GvAz, C
`PU ugP' JAzzjAz zUtzAi DPAz
C ztAz Ai P wz.
U, Ai Az z `d' () z,
JAzg zz gAi, wAi irgzjAz
Ez `d' () z, JAzg zz gAi, w Ai
irgzjAz Ez `dw'. (Q QgUgz
nz. E `dg'Ai nzAz P P).
z 162 : F z z A i A i A Az
ztAi dz wgz UP :
`` PvA (= Aqw) F zsgzs (= sz) vvA
sdAU sUv (= 1. lg sV ;
2. D qA i DA
i q g ) ; vAv
CwAiz Gzg ZjvPA (= GzgZjvz
r PAq iv Az) g v A v

386 PgdiU

(= g v Pv zsj
)?''
[F Pz nU zArAi Pz Cz.
`sdAU sU AP PvA' JA zAd
EzUAi Pjz. Dzg , `GzgZj vP
' JA
Gz Pz z A
iUAz, s zAi vz
gAi vAU P zgz .
zz zAi tAi F z z s zAi
tAi Az, Cjg wAiiz v
vP vAU AAi F Jgq Pz U
UVz.]
25. vQ
z 163 : ``PgtVg CAPg vQ''. [Aiizzg
MAz PgP, juP Cx sP PavV
Pgt P z. zAr `Pz'z v,
P, JA CAPgU `Zv s tA'
JAz , vAPgz `PgP' v `eP'UAz
Jgq zsUAz Cgqg v CP zsU mAz
, P P gU U PU Png v. (II, 235-
259). iUPgzg , `Cz vA PgA' JA
, `eP zAPg'Az iv j `Cz
iU AiUA F vA' JAz D `ePv'U
PU Pnz].
z 164 : ``ZAzQ gtUAzU, ZAz g AzU, iVAi
(ZUz) jAzU jv (= UAi
AQ) Azz (= Dg) ; CzjAzV, Ai
P d g EAz Cjv ''. (Ai i U A i
vZgAz Ai v DgzzjAz, D
vP `v' (Pgt) `Pdg' JAz `eP'Uvz,
JAzg `zs' (Cj, wP)AiiUvz) (Ez zArAi
ntU 387

Pz Cz).
z 165 : ``Cg gzzjAzA (= eUAU
gAigzjAz), CAizg jZAiAzA
(= CeUAU DU j ZAiAz),
EAAiA UzzAzA (= EAAiU ZV
UgzjAz), dP A A
CPA (= djU
ZV zBRgA g MzU vz ) . (zArAi P z Cz.
K `E'zg zBRP Pgt JAz gzjAz
Ez zAr `Csv'U zAv).,
z 166 : ``z MVz (= Vz) PUA (= vz
g), wUzU Cz (= vgU UA),
PAU P wU (= EAz g
t AU U PAiiz w AijU)'' (E
wAig AvP PgtUz U z.
Ez `PgP v'.)
z 167 : ``wUU A, CA iA (= z
YAq), Cwzs dz dzsg xA (=
Vg q U DP), v JAiA
(= vU ZAz
), PU avz zzA
A Pz (= PU z P
Pz). (Ez `PgP v'.)
26. sAPg
z 168 : ``PgP69 dAgUuwAiz

69. v oz z zt
z o (= C) ElP Arz.
oPg ztz `G' (`Pgt') JAz. `G' JAz
wP Aqg Pz
z ` v JA zz CxP Z Uvz
.
DzjAz E `G' JAz wzl irPArz. Pgz wU
Ev Jv aUU P v UvUzjAz, CPg
vV `G' Jz `G' DVgz.
388 PgdiU

vUzPA sAPgA''. - `Pgt l

d A g U t Az , JAz g Cz g d
Ut Az , (PAi Cx s )
AUrz Cx DzAv sz (sz)
s. ' (
zz Pgtz PAiU ; CAv
Pgtz gAz Pv PgtAz Cx v
sPvAz Cz DzAv t z).
zArAi P :
zv v AiwAav PguAvgA I
Aiv sPvA sA s || - II,199
[
z Pgtz wAi P JAzg Cz l l gAz
PgtAz E sPVAi PAizAv ElPz
s]
z 169 : ``C Uz P A (= ZV
PtPA A ivzA i d Vg RsA VAi),
P A i Ai z CA z A (= Mq U A z
AUjPzg M Z), z zg


A
(= Pg z UA i), z v U A
(QAz zsz, gz, rUAi),
Cg (MAzUrg), UUA''.
Ez zArAi PAz guU
ArzAi gv ,
nU vAvz Pz. E, `gP', `CAz',
`zg ' , `C v U ' EP ` U', `CAPgt ',
Avz PgtU : EzAi `P' Avz
PAiU vVAi DVAiAz E t, M
t AzAi tz.
U = ZUAv iqz (zs. =
`ZgPgu' : ..z.) P = (Jgq v
w U A i ` P ' JA o z . Dz jAz
ntU 389

Az s av z CxU V, w Pg
i z A z P A ( G v ) a A i
l VgzAz Jt, FV wzl irz)
= RsAV, MAiig ( Qz) (zs. P
= RPg' : ..z. DzjAz `P' JA g
DU z ). P A i Ai i = Mq U Az AU jP
(`suz : ..z). Cg = wzAv jP,
MAzUq, MlUq (`Uv' : ..z.)

27.
z 170 : ``Utz E (, v) CU tA C z,
zz A E UtA vAz Jt z (vAz
jUtz) A.''
(zAr ` g UqsA'
(`gqg g `'Az JAzg aP
Az giqz') JAz , GzguU
P F CAPgz g lUvPzAz
P Gzgu U

Pnz. Azjz, ` P
zAzA wA vB PvA' (Aiiz `'
ivAz Dz Az E wAi APgAz
Pg wAivg) JAz , vz Utz P U

Pnz. (II, 265-272).
[iUPg gu A iAv AzU w U Pgt
D `' `E CUt' (z) E `E Ut'
DVgvz]
z 171 : ``iAi GzgZjv Dv jPg
(v Az j l ) Ai
(A v ) (Dz ) CAv D ig
gA P
KA lzAv Uz'', (UtAz
390 PgdiU

C g ) ``zA.'' [`P KA lz A v U z':

E CxPz. (`l' JAzg, `zs V` :
`Pgu', `GAiP zx' JAz CxUUv).
``v Aiig MAz `l' Pq C'' JAzg
``Evggg PP gzg'' JAz vvg Uz.
v i g Aiig E JA CAsAz Evgg

QV Ptz MAz z ? F z AzV
Gzv QAi UtU gAiiV, t AzAiiVAi
jtvz. (`et, Dzg v Pt', `av
AVv' JA trUAv)].
z 172 : z `z ' Gzv QA i Azgz
`APg'zg Ez `U t' AiBPv
wgz `APg'.
``PdA CA (=P C) ; t A
vV (=CU Utg Alvz A E) ; PtA
KzA (= qzP wgg n Vz) ;
Dg gA JAiA (= AiigAU JAi
g) ; (Dzg C) CzAzAl UtA :
CA ZAzA vqz (= Z C JAU
l U).''
( APg z Jg q P U P Ai
AvgZU).
28. GzvAPg
z 173 : ``U (= V) ( QAi) z
AA (= jAi), PU sz AA
(= CzP CwAiV sz jAi) ''
z GzvAPg.
(174 jAz 181ggV 8 P z U ,
`zAPg'z PzUAv, zArAi PU
ntU 391

Cjz iUPg vAvV gaz. F CA

U. DzjAz iUPg vAU `Gzv'
UtU zU
A
tgzAz H
CPz].
z 174 : ``ZzqU jz gdA A' : vUAz
(= gd) Uz qAiPAz Z rzU
(C zAi) J zq zs Pt Pq
C zqz. (Z rzg, MAz zs Pt Pq
v U

Az qA iz qvP

) . `AizqU Qz PA
70
Pq A': v U A i zU , QjzA z s
lq ; Cz jwAi vz z iqU
Cz J jzVzg Cz QjzAz s z
irq. `ZA AiA iVg
U UU QzA jzA' : U `Z' `Ai.' JA
Jgq UtU C V gU , DAii
AzsP CUtV C z Aiz, jz
Qjz JA s zt
. (F z z gd `b' z
g P , ` Ai ' z OzAi U
vUUtU tz.)
z 175 : CAiix : ``Cz (= V) C
(= i r) AiAiz ( , wg
z
q
A i
qz), gA v PAiz GA jAiA

70. oPg ztz `PA PqA' JAz. jz Qjz JA

vgv PA
i U, `PA' JAz `PA' Jz
zt
z wzv. z ztz `Pq
A' JAz
`PqA' JAz irg wzl CxAdz zAz
CAVPgV Ptvz. Cz, `PqA' JA zz PPgz
PA (Gv) Pg zAz lVg Asz.
`PqA' JA oAvg ElPAq Sz.
392 PgdiU

(= Ag PAiU VPAiz Eg
QAi), DzA (= ZV V), PAi
(= A) v zA v Gz gg (= vv
lqAv l gg). CAizzg
(=wPz llg)?''
(``z grv g z i g L A i P V v
tzg vgvg ; Evgg rvg ;
QAi Jqqz Nvg ; v U C MAizg
C Aivg ; CAxg Pq l Uz
Egz QAi z, vv Aii jw
lqvgA i D jw QAi Az Az qz
vU i q gg wPz U iqg?
JAU E'')
z 176 ; ``gg Zg zs ZV
x Ag Pz CAx Ut
aAz P. (Dzg , EAx tv JjU
Eg). Jg (v CUtAz) wj
APl GAliqvg. CjU P , P g

?
Cg zAi Jgq MAz.''
Pg = a, G = DAii, P, APl.
z 177 : ``Utz g
zg
(`UtU tU ') jAiiz
P (= `') UAv QwAvgV z
A iV Jz ; (v Evgg
) UAv
Az U U jAi i V g Z A z
Pv U
gg U Egz ?' (zP g ; DzjAz
P l g v z P z Q A v U t A v g
QwUV zPz zP ; KPAzg, Qw
vPz - JAz vvAi).
z 178 : ``Plv Ut vU (JAzg, dP) jzz,
ntU 393

vU (JAzg, E Aii QAi zzAi

DvU) EvgjU jz (`z') ; Vzg Pq
(`GAvVAiA') dg g
qz PzU Aivg,
AvzU Uvg (`U g UA
UA' = `g U A, MU g UA')
v Plv MAivUU d v u. Cz
gdUU EvgjUU Dg V. Dzg,
v U P AzU gd z z ,
AvAgU C Uz s P -
JAz vvAiix. F z Ezg A z
MnU NPAq CxAi irzg, C gg
gPUAz UAq g gAiiV w zz Cx
AiUz).''
z 179 : ``(dg) ZV Ag Jz, Cg
Pr V Ug Jz, v Ai
Zgir (`v Uz'), (E g JA) Jgq
PUAi vPAv GzVUAi
vPAv GzVzg (`GsAiPvz
U ') d A E U, CzjAz vU ?''
(gdz dAzU d w U U Pqz, Cg
R U z j P Aq zs i U z
qAivPz Az vvAi).
z 180 : CA vj 71[W]nv''71 P 72[tUt
i : ``t ]
72
vAA Pzg M ggAitA s AUtA
D vgQvsz UUA''.
71. oPg w
Ai `vnv' JAz, z w Ai `vn
v' (Pvj l
,
vAqjz) JAz oU. `vnv' Czg. `vn v : JA
`v' JAPg P y
P. Ez Pg t
z . '' (z
zt z Cr nt : . 99). Cz, `vn v' JAz Pjzg,
394 PgdiU

Cx : `` g irz v g dg gs tUz
vgvU PaPAq Gzjg, ggAit
(vAU) gAiwg, sAi CAU Pv
Ravz DPz U z''.
P = v. GvA = gs t, vz q .
P = Qt , zU, PgU ; ej, Pa .
(`vv' - ..z. F zz, `P' JzP `PgU '
(uU : `v PgVv', `PAq Pvz' JAz
FU zAl) JA ..z.z ax
Egz ? U ElPAqg zsvxz U Z :
``ggAit v Az v U GvAz v `P'
Gzjz !''] vgQv s = ZQ vAz , Pv R
av
DP.
z 181 : ``gZ P

s g (v Aqz gdg) Cnz PjU
(= PtPA iiV PPl DU ) qv zz Az
(= j zzPz Az) JvA g PZA z
Agz UU J PA PPA (= JAi
g PZA z CgAi zP Pg Vgz'')
Jgq z U `g gAi t' v
`g PZAz' JA v AU gzU. F Jgq
zUA v v AU A iq z U DV.
EU vAU `sz A' tz. EP
`P' z A
iUP Oav. w Ai `W' Pg vg Aiz
w U
Pg s
i d
i zAz `v' (Cx `v') CPg
V
jtgzA JtPAz FV wzl az.
72. F av oP wAiiV oPg ztz `UtUtvA
A' JAz, z zt z `tU ivAPA' JAz
oU. zo ; JgqAizg CxPz.
DzjAz, AixwAiiV AixavV FV wzl
az.
ntU 395

A - 174 jAz 179g gV - Dg zU

Dv `z A' t zAiAz Hzg vUz .
F J zU
, `z APg'z P U
A v, iUPg
Av gZU zjAz F HU a CPz.
[z U CwAiQAi Vlg, CP vU
v AU U z `g gAi t' JA g U
vVz, vgdg CU DU PtPAiiV
Pwz g - JA z U vvA
iix Aixxz
LwP AUw JAz wAiz.]

29. C w
z 182 : ``CwAiV Pt AixxvAi
g (`Ai wwAiA '), EAz
Cx Al z '' C v APg.
(`C wgv QAazx zA' - `Pz'
II: 304). (`C w' JA i w Cx zg
` wAi Cx e
giZz, E
73
CU A
iz.) ''

73. `Cwg Z QAazAvUvi |

s
vxzB QAiv Zzs Aix ||
- PAPg : III, 21
(CAvU vVg G Ai JAzg z
gAz zsz
wAirzPV `svx' JAzg Ezz E z
- Ciqz - Cw)
zArAiiU, C jg iUPgU, ` Ai'z
(JAzg, vz GAiz) G CAvUvVgPA
C Ai A. `vvS'AiAi `v v
gP' zAi (r `Pz' - II, 36 v 95 ; P.g. iU' -
III, 24 v 76) Giz C gzjAz, E
zZ CUv Az Cg s zg. (`G iwB
i zv.' - zAr : II 309)
396 PgdiU

(`C w'Ai zAr `Ai w' v `g w'

JAz Jgq szU g. iUPg,
`', `zsi' v `Uu' JAz
g szU wz.)
z 183 : `'P P ; ``U JAzA CvAi
QgtAzA gAAzA Cgz (= z ) ;
, Q gt A C jaAi A JAz
A.'' gAig t, ZAz
sAz v gv Zwg, ``ZAz QgtU
Cv Ai C, vAz C, C Ai U
A QAi e ' ' J i v z . E Z A z
CvAivAi vAz Ut ( wAi)
`g' (CUz), gAi UtU ( v AQ)
CU Dgz.
z 184-185 : Egq zU zsi P PU :
(z 184): ``d CAU (= tU)
PAU (= ) JA ivz (= ),
z AiAU (= q QAz vA) ; (x
t JA) dA CAi (= Ai U)
JzAiA q, Ai'' - JAz U zg
zsi. (E x tU `zs ' qz
zVgz ; (Cz g, Czg z
Ai'
JA EAz zs CP z).
( 185): ``g CwAiz (= x t
), s g A (= g s Az ) , CAU A
GaUAiA (= s PAq zg ) AiA
( = z i U ) z g P U z
(= rAiU) ; CzA gv
w Ai''. (E x
tU s Q CU zs ; Dzg, D QAi
ntU 397

ju UZgUzjAz tU t JAz
CU z).
z 186 : ``g LzAU C E, gP nU ; EzU
EAw PAvgwgUtA (= Pzg
gU zAi) C74 (= C
rwg ); gvA (= A
i)''. (Ez `Uu'P
P g aAv, x LzAU `Ut'
- JAzg, rgz - EA z, CU Ez
` Ut' wz).
30. gzAPg
z 187-188 : ``MAv UAi gU zm UAv
g ZgZ'' gzAPg JAz , D
MAv gU j, a Pt guAi
E.
[iUPg E MAv gU jgz
U ; `iUvA i UwUA g g

z '
JAz U C MAv gU Zg
gz E jz. sgv v
`l' JAl gU iv wz. D
UAxz P ivPU Avg sU
Q
A z zAg v. `Cg
A iz lPA iz
Q Pz `P g Ai 'z g v z .
`C g P ' z A i JAm g U G Rz .
iUPg nU zArAi Cjg. zAr

74. oPg wAi, `()()' Jz wzrAz Prz

oAz `- ' JA o CAVPjzVz. z
w
Ai `
' JAz oz. Aii ozAi Cx
jAiiV Az. DzjAz, `' ( +
C + J) JAz Cvz il irPAqg .
398 PgdiU

gzAPg g zAv P gU
gU z ; Dzg C Avgz g

Jw. FU wzAg nU Av YAiz
Avgz GR zU Agz Gzl
`PAPg AU ' z s
Cjg Gzl
P Q... 776-807 (JAzg v AU lP gzQAv
Dg Aaz). s Pq `g z'
CAPg z A i U `g z z v
AUgg A ' ( AUg g U J
UZgU C `gv' JA CAPggz')
JAz Mn g gv , gU
ASAiU
Av gz gU w. ``Gzl guA i
rPAq Fv (JAzg, iUPg ) gzAz
Pz Dzsg'' JAz ``Avg ' z ZjvA i
z g, E Cz zV jgzP F UAxPg
e Vz zg Pgt Vg z v z ' ' JAz
w.A.. CAinzg. (s. P. ., z
zt : . 441). iUPg eVzzg evU,
Q.. 5Ai v iz `CAiU zg v' A Pv
ezs UAx F Zgz CjgzAz
HzVz. F UAxz `Avg' `Av'
75. ``Pvz gavVg `Ct NUzgv' (= CAiUzg
v) A ezs UAxz gvP MAv PgUU
`
A
v' (=
Av) jzAiz, Czg P Pt
U
AQg
V
A. F ` Av' `Av' MAz JAzg AAi.
`C Ai U z g v ' z P B Q . . 5 A i
viVgzAz zAg svg. Ez lVz,
Avgz Zg z Jwz Qw F UAxz PvU
PUvz''. (V. Raghavan : Number of Rasas, pp 23, 57-8 r
- s. P. . . 28g Cr nt.)
ntU 399

JA iAvgAz Pgz.75 iUPg Ut

ZgZAi `gz g' JAz
gzvP Z gZAi jU, `
UAgvg
QA P l P gA vv
A
AvzA ' JAz
`Av' ` Av' JAz j gz F HU
A qvz. (II-98, 99 ; F zU
ntAi r.) (zz bAz AzsP MUV
U z A i U i rg z JA DP P
CPz)]
zAr g z g
A' (`g AiV PVgz
gzAPg') JA (II - 275) Az V,
gzAPgz P zAvU Pl-
ZUvAiizsAi zv gB
E v gAiv gv v VgA || - II-292
(`izsgUtz PAqg iw g CUvAiAi
dvvz ; Dzg, E CgAivz guAi gz
CAPg')
- JAz gzAPg guAi Vz.
iUPg `Ut'UU gg v PU E
Z E g A v P A q g v z . U t
gAdPUzAz iUPg CAi JAz
Uz. (JAzg, C g AUzAvv).
zArAi zAi Ez `g z
APg'. Uuv Vgz,
`g Ai Vg Z ' `g z APg . ' P
z UAi `gzZB', `gvAVgA' JA GQU
g v . E C Q Ai i U Pg ,
`EvgAiv gv vVgi' JA zArAi
P `zsgAUA P g g
ZgZ' JAz lU `Cg' `g'V
400 PgdiU

irz. 76
z 189 : ggP zAvz F P z iUPg
Av gZ ; giAit Px AzsP AAzs nz.
`Pz'z ggz PPt Ai Vz.
``CtAiPz GAi Uz, zs AidU
iqz, CyUU Cx zi qz, U
yU? U, gd Gv Gv
A ggz , F ZU gv
yw.'' (Pz, II 284, 285). (Gv
ggz s JAz E V avVz).
z 190 : Czv gz zAv. Ez iUPg Av
Pz. giAit PxU AAzsn z. zArAiz
gAi vgVz :
``F Az PU P U
CU vq ; U
g stU ; PAU AgU ; Ez
76. sU zArAiiV gP a Pn. vVAz
Az sg v
gv v guA
i g
V irgzjAz,
PQ Av zPP Cz Z AAzslzAz Cg
sgzzjAz v PiAAi Cg g ZgP
R PqAz Ptvz. CjU gvvz PAi
EgAzU, Ezg PP Cz CvPzAzU,
DzjAz Cg g APg iPAi jzg JAz
wizU C Adz. APjPg Pg
g Z , AU ; DzjAz, Cz CAPgUz gv
CAPg JAz Cg zAv. (F AAzsz ZA i E
z CPAz vgvz. F Zgz DQA ig
| | w. A. .Aig `sgwAi PiA'Ai g P g t
,
q|| P.P w Aig `Pq PAPgz r U `P q
zsP' jz.) Cz Vzg, sVAv
zArAi, zArVAv iUPg gZgz a U
jzgAz .
ntU 401

DgPg !' (II-290) (Dg s Czvz JA

Zz) .
z 191 : Pg ugP iUPg Png F Av P
giAit PxU AAzslAv Pt. Dzg,
vzAi g Ai Av gU t
t wg A z Hzg vUz . zArAi P Pt

Ai Vz :
``J z ! PAi Pq PAUP
Al i q w v ; FU Cz U v
eAiz F avAi Vg ? U
GP z Pgt (g z
) CAPgA z jUt
n z
. ''
(II, - 286 - 87).
z 192 : AUggP Pz F Av P zz
AUgg P wAiiz `gw'Ai a `Cs'U
P tz. zArAi Pt AiAz Prz
P zvAi PxU AAz, g Vz:
``Aiig vAz wz, C gAi,
gt AzAiz - D CAw gdw Cz
U U z? Cz F dz? (F Az
z r z w Cx Ai ); Ez
g AzV ("Intensity of manifestation")
AUgV jtg gw ; gz GQU Ez
z'' (II- 280, 281).
z 193 : svU Plvz tAi F P
iUPg AvgZ. `sAiiP' gz Aiiz
sA in s E Q tV t vVz. zArAi
P gAi vgVz.
``Ez EAz eAizs ; Czg CV zsgAi CV
A v ; Cz g g t i v Az z v Ai g
402 PgdiU

U s vUz''.
z 194 : iUPg Av Pz Ezg g
P zsPZ Az Prz we t vVz. Ez
giAitPx P AAzsn z g, zArAiz
sgvP x P AAzs n z. zArAi P : ``PA i
P rz z D z FU
Ag ; C E MAz P t zg
zQg? '' - E v v PAq P zs
gPnAi nz; U, Ez gz Z' '.
(II- 282, 283) (gzz Pzs).
z 195 : svz P. zz Cx : ``() Aii,
gv wz (= zgU vAz Q),
( v ) vU v i A (= Dj P Arg
ZzAU gv iA), (EUAz) GavA
(= MlUrgAxz); CzsA (= Cvzz ) ;
Cavsv CA (= vPgzz A s Ai
nz U wgv Pz ) ; U q EAv DzA
QUA (= Zg irzg, F jwAi V
Aiz zx).''
zAr P : `` vU gP t AlU
PrPrz PgU MqAiiV zsjPAq Cg
AqUq F gtZU ww''.
z 196 : iUPg, zAr-Ejg PUAi PP
Ai z v tvVz. Dzg JgqP
vz. iUPg Pz, v wAiq
gAi Ai g g q v D
s Vz gAi Aiwz CjP'Ai UV qU
Az s t
z. zArAi P z , M v Uw Ai
gR Pv
PAq, Cw iw Ai, Cz
ntU 403

GvjAiAz gi rP' JAz rP

tvVz. (E, `iw' JA z AiU
Cx tVz . i w Ai i U l q v
z z? )
z 197 : AvgP Png F P iUPg Av
gZ :
``[Ug]tz jav [i] UtA (= geUt
v vUt)77,'' Cz NgAv (= MAz V)
lzz (= v gzAi Ez) ; vA,
UvPgPgA Avzs gA (= AvUtP Aiiz,
Aii Pg Azz), g, UU.''
(= `gtgAUz Pv
gz, PvU
t gAi
DPg Azg Pq g Av s P
AiiVz' - JAz M gd F zz tz.
Ez vAU w zVzg DVgz.)

31. Hfv
z 198 : ``Hd gqsAPgA'' JAz zAr `Hd'
JA CAPgz UU AUV gz ``Dgq
d APgPgv PA Hfv'' JAz
i U Pg j z . (`Hd ' Ai
iUPg `Hfv' JAz Pgz. `P z'z
Pt Pz `vd' JA o Ez. (. J.P.

Pg : II - 275 ; . 26). s
Cg zt

77. oPg wAi `...tz javA UtA' JAz. z

g CPgU V. z zt z AzPg, `(UU)
tz...' JAz o H jzg. Vzg
CxP PAq Azz jAz, U zA v
o H
j, MAz t wz l irgv.
404 PgdiU

zAv iv Pnz. ) M QAi Dvi z

Z PUz `HfvAPg'z Pt.
z 199 : `Hfv'z F P zArAiz nU vz .
z z Cx : ``PA, q DAizs A ; A PZ ;
K vA ; J CrUU; EjAz z vU ;
CAvz q, U JA Dz (= Uf, Az
ir), PzUAii (= DAizs rz gq)''.
(Ai PaPz, v Kj
z - E gu UwAi a a AeU
).
32. w
z 200 : ``v v D iv (JAzg, M z
iv ) Jw PtAv (`U g') zg, Cz ` w'
Aiz.'' ( z DwAi w). (F CAPg
zArAiiU sU )*. z iv
CUvV v v zg g Q zUvz.
(r : P.g. iU, I-84).
Cz zz CAPgUPzg, Czg MAz
gP. (D Azg, A Pz
z A PP MAz Cx tAi AAzs
PAv gPUz. D AAzs P
Pgtgz gz).
(F CAPg U `P P'z
DAPg' JAz ggAv Ptvz. Fa
CAPjPg F `D'Ai `KP'AiAz Pg gvg.
Ez ` P z U APg ' J z GAl.
`(UvP jvx tgP v.' - r :
P. Pr, . 341 ; 2Ai zt).

* nt - 2 (CAzs - 8) r. (Dw : 1968)

ntU 405

z 201 : zz CAiix : ``gA jvA, D

jv A CA (= DAi), CA D s

g UAiA (Prg , DZAi),
D gz EgA gvgUA (AsU wAi),
aUA.'' (F zz `jv', `C', `g' - F
zU PV A zz Cx Azz
CxP PgtVgzjAz PU q Cx Azv
PvVgz, PPU q P AAzv
Kngz Uzg, Ez wAi
`Uv'Vg JAzg CqPVg CAPg JAz
jUt Aii CrAi E).
z 202 : F zz CAi P Cj
irPvP z .

33. Aivg
z 203 ; ``AiB AivgSA'' (``Mg U vA
vPgUAv z `Ai'') JA zArAi
APz Pt - ``Ai P P
Gav z A i , A i , Gzg U tU Az
gzz (Az s avV PUPz)
J QAiU CjvP Cxz Dz Z
`Aivg'' - JAz iUPg jg.
(zAr Ai Aivg ; C F CAPgP
P Pn. s P Png gv
Pt ; Dzg, ` AiUUvA P v
gz Aix...' (`U Az PU zg z
Aiz ivU AiU zAv') JA P Pz
Pt
C vVgAv Ptvz . Ez CAPg CA
v Ez.)
406 PgdiU

z 204 : CAi : ``rAii g Ugdz gP A iA

Azs g ts
Azs A g
i s sg

A gz
J zgPAq.''
34. DB (DgAPg)
z 205 : CAi : ``jAigA z UA zgP Aq
jzVg M U A i A q Cz A g
DgxAPguAvgA .'' - ``jAig (v Dzg Az
girPAqg) UAi (Ex )
UPAq CjU `MU'Ai (JAzg s)
Pgz DgAPg'' JAz vvAiix.
zArAi P Uz :
Div AA Aix |
v B gA ewgYiUZgA || (II, 357)
(`DzgP vz UU MAiz gz
DgAPg' - UAzg, `iwU U CUZgz D
gew Pq').
z 206 : DgAPgP P : CAi : ``w, vAi
zsgt zsgzsg wgUA (= z, s
, v -
E Egg U) DAiA (= DAi ) AiA
(= Lg) dAiA DAiwAiA (= s ) d
AvwAiA (= Av) Aiz Z z CP
(= Z zU).''78

78. x jZzz 5-6Ai zU U `Aivg' v `DB'

- F CAPgU PzU, PgdiUPg vAU
Ug irz Azs, vAU PAi
Ug PV gi rPAq AUwAi v D Az s z
P vAUU sA irzz aw JAz
Ai wAig H, D UU vPnU gVAi
Z irzg. (P. i. P, sU 1 : . 95-96, 111-
ntU 407

35. sPAPg
z 207 : CAi : ``PU s z UAiAzxA
sAzPA ; Cz PA CAPw sPA
JAzP A.'' - ``PU sPAq Cx Cg
UU APAq `s' z ; D s
C A Pj P V P l U A q U ` s P ' J A
CAPgUz :'' Ez vvg . (`PU s' JA
xAi JqAi sQ AiUVz : `PU
s' JAz CAi).
zArAi Pt gu
Az CAPgz g ZV
zmUz ;
sPvw B AzsAiA UtA |
sB PgAiB PAiB vB ||
ggPjvA A
uA |
uA x QAii t ||
QgQ PzAg B |
sAivzA w vzPA zB || (II, 364-366)
(`Azs
PArg Ut sPv JAz Vz.
Pz PlgU g PAi CAi s.
P

J sUU
g
g
GPjUV APArgz;
x
z tU
A iVgz ;
t
; GQP
z
Az UAg Pq CQU z ;

112) F zU zArAi PU CzUVgz PAi

Av gZU A CA Uzg D H nU
xAiV Ptvz. Cz, Pzz `AiA
dAi A' JA z U P Ai g Cq P U Aq
AiwzAiAz wAig Hzg `PgdiU'z
Pv
dAi JA wiP AgzjAz, F HAi
D wiP GA sP
VAi jtzAz sz.
408 PgdiU

E P s Dzs g , Dz jAz , s AAi i z z

sPAPg).79
36. `zsAiAzAPgA'80
z 208 : CAi : ``zsAiAz CAPgA ; zsUA
AzA, Cxz zA. z EzA Ev : P z
CAiUA M vz ; Awz Zzs A.''
vvAi : ``zs JAz CAPg ; Cz Az zsv
(= av)Uvz . ; CxAz zs vzg z
z.
Cz U (= F A Gz g u Az )
CjvP P : P z `C'U er M Ptvz ;
Ez fU.''
79. F CAPg s jz. Eg PtguAi
C v zg , Mn vs z. `sPv w B Azs
AiA UtA' JA ivU Eg PUAi Egz
U. U `PP'z (. 222) F Eg
PtP g PtU gA AU z. iUPg
Pt C g tV. EzP Aiig P Pn.
Azs
P C F CAPgP P Pqz Czs
j. DzjAz, Fa CAPjPg Pg F CAPg
CAVPj.
80. (i) F UAxzAi Pq PiAAi tU Ai Pjv
ZA iAi F zP z RAl. FUU F
z Eg zAg (q|| P. Pw v || w. A.
PAoAi) U z, CxguAi Aiz Cjg
q CAiszP JqUnz. Ai wAig vz
Dz UAi F z Sgg . F Jg Zg U
Dzsgz Ai CAi gUAqgz. (F Zgz
a DQA ig , (1) q|| P. 50-52, (2) | w.A. .Aig
`sgwAi P iA' 1953g zt : . 458-460 ;
wz JgqAi zt, 1961 : . 491-92, 595), q P.
PwAig `Pqz Pvv' (1964) (. 9-11) - F
UAxU AAzsl PgtU jz).
ntU 409

(ii) zAr sg F CAPgz g . F AAzsV,

``P qz PgdiU Avz zs P B KPPz
gavzAz, Pq rU PgP Eg gg
U zg zg, zsAi iv EAz U Pqz
UAxz Agz fUvz. DAzzsU AzAi
zs Ai JvA zP Ez Pqvz . PgdiUPg
zsP rzAzP Aii z C UAxz
zgAi'' JAz | w.A. . Aig CAinzg.
q| P. PwAigz Ez CAi ; Cg a ivAzg
Ez : ``EAi `zs AiAzA PgA' JA WuA i rzg,
Evgg CAPgwjP z Aiiz P g zs Aiz
jAiAz gPjwgAwz.'' (P. Pvv, l 37). Ez
ZgtAiz CA. U vgz U : zszAv
PV EzQz Av `zs
P'z gUArvAzg CAsV
Ptvz . w.A. . Aig CAingAv, `DAzzsU
AzAi zs Ai Jv .' `zs
' AiPz MAz z
Pv g Pgz ivz sgvRAqz Evg e
PAzUAi ZvVgP. vAU vAz gAi
UAz Pz g P l id Gvgxz gU
QvAz AiP. v AU Pz iSl
U g P U , z Ag DP wz CAx MAz
e P Az Vv A z Ew z z A U w . z A r
zQuvVg zA CAi EzAi. Vg, Pgz
DAzzs PAi jgUAq MAz v g
qz zs vv z Pvg P z tU Ai MAz dV
zQt sgvz A i z AqU javVg P. B v AU
sAi zs AiPz ZZAi qz, `zsAiAzAPgA'
JA `v AUz v'P u zgv PgdiUz CAPg
iPAi qAiiVg P. `Aiiz P g zs
Aiz
jAi' JA gPgu Aq PtPz zsAiiUwz
JAz U J. CAPgUU zsz D Pz
`g ' MAz CAPg z U , `zs 'Ai MAz
CAPgzg fU. F UU q|| gWgg
CAi Vz : 'For, it is the analysis of the Alamkaras that led to the
rise of Vakrokti and in another direction throug such Alamkaras ans Dipika,
410 PgdiU

Samasokti, Paryayokti containing a suggested element, gave rise to the

concept of suggestion, Dhvani" (Some Concepts of Alamkara Sastra, P.260.
F P U P vAz GPgi rzg | r.J.J.)
(iii) F A Azs z P n g E Az A z , `F z
Q Vgz' JAz. iUPg CAPgU z
iq `we' zU iii, 2-4) zs APgz g
jgzjAz, `zs Ai Pjv z Q zg DVgz
JA DZ zUvz'' JAz Az
P r g w.A. . Aig Azjz, ``Dzg PgdiUz
F zP gV Az (iii.208g) g sPAPg
w e z U GP V z z g F A z
guAiiUz'' JAz AzP jg azg.
a z V U v g z Azg , iU Pg zA rAi
wePU CwgzjAz, zV Pvz
zsAPgz g `gt PAU' Dz CAPgU
iPAi jz GavA z C sgP. Vz
, `sP'z P l JA Az vzgg.
EzP izs : (i) jz qzjAz zsP ; `Pg
z' JAz z jz vUvz. (ii) `z gZ A
i
CrU' JAz Hz. CAPgU z
iU zz (iii, 4) PqAi , zAr PlPAi
jgAv E jzVv. `... w AivgU
P
i zPA U' J JqAi `... | wAivg sPzPA U'
JAz zVv. DU Pgt z Aswv. (`Ai
v gs Pz P A U ' JAz i U P . Ez jAz
bAzz As vz ) . U P q zQAv, C RA z
vgz F CAPgz g z q Gv P
iUPg CjgAv Ptvz.
F Az s z `` AQAiigZ vl Az
AUg z Az g AvA iqAl '' JA g GQAi
Aiz (UzAi. A.i.2 ; Cfv . 1-13). gU zAr
s g UAxU jZAigzzg, g
CAPgU U gU
ASU CU x zgAi.
(zAr gz 35 CxAPgU iv) . PgdiUz
g U
, 36 CxAPgU gu A i
V A.
ntU 411

(iUPg F zz CAPg AiPz

Z Z Ai Cx irP Pzg , zs vv
VAi i z g Cjwg P . Cz g Zg z
zjUV, Cz AUV E wz.
(a Aie P V , w. A. . Aig
s.P..Ai r : . 221-263).
dg PU Az, grAiiVg Cxz APv
. APwvz Cx PvV w QU
`Czw'AiAz g. EzjAz vg CxP
`Czs Aiix', `Zx ' Cx `Sx ' JAz g .
F Zx JjU MAz UAiiVgz. Ez
WAl Cx (lexical meaning) Jz. Zx P
zs Az, Jzg Cz AzsP APz, CzP
AAzs l A
v AUv z gAz Cx vjAzg
CzP `Px'Az, Cz w gP
`Pu w' JAz g . (PuwAi `AAzs ',
`z' JAz Jgq R MszU). ``Pu
Ugz vzs ; PU Pzs ; CP
CAPgU fz ''. PuwAi F U Pgt,
CzjAz MzU E Z DyP A id, Pu
Az
j Ai CxgAg. EzP zsPz Q
Cx g `Adw'. Ad gz s
AUx. U, Czsw, Puw Adw

(g APgU UtU vUzPArAz sP).

DzjAz, g `PgdiU'z g CAPgU ASAi
z F iv zAz vgvz.
VgzjAz, `zsAiAzAPgA' JA z QAz
U RavUvz.
412 PgdiU

JAzV, gU g U; EUAz
gq CxU PV Zx, Px v
AUx . Zx P `ZP' ; Px w
`PP ' ; Ad g Cx Cx `AdP'.
AUx z Jgq s zU : MAz z s , EAz
C z s . A U P z x U VAv Cz Z
dVzg, Cz `zs' JPvz. EAz
UAi zzg, Zx g t
iqz Czs AU ; g vs z
av AwzsP zz z s AU Cx `zs ' F z s
AU (Cx zs ) g g AiiVzg, JAzg av
gs P MAig, Cz `gz
s ' ; AUx Gi
CAPgU azg, Cz `CAPg zs', JAzg
ZVzg CAPg JPwzz ZVg
A iP zs JPv z
. ; gz vP CAPg ZP
Cz AUx `zs' Jvz.
AdPz AU . F AdP AUU AAzs
CA CP zs P gU GAmUv . Ad wU
Pu g PgtUz. E Czg
Pg t U z . P E Cx
AdPUz. F M szU gu E zs
C ; Pv C. Czsg z zsAi
`Q 'zz, `CxQ 'zz - JA
Jgq s zU

E U zg P. (`PgdiU'z
Aq z zg Av) P xgqA i Cz
APg gv, zs Uv JA d .
PguU Az Zx AiUAq,
EAz Cx jz Az s z Cz APg
gv, zs Uv JA d. PguU
ntU 413

Az Zx AiU Aq, EAz Cx

jz Az s z Cz AU DUvz. (U Ai
iqvP Az s U AiiAzg, AAiU, A iU,
Zg , C zs , Ev). F AUx Q
z `CAPg zs 'Aiiz iv Cz `zs ' JAz,
Q zsAi DVgzAz CAi
szU. CxQ z zsAi Jgq UU.
CU gu EU CP.)
FU z z P s Uz Cx jt: F Pz
AzjAi R t z. Czg Zxz:
``P z er wz; Ez Dg !'' (C'
JAzg `gPz' JA xAz gUAq
zz CxU Jgq: 1. `Cg' Cx `z';
`z'Ai DUz. 2. ) Pz CgAiU
Egz wg CAs. F P jgzjAz,
dZg Dz Pz Az gz,
CAs. DzjAz, `Pz er' J
Zx wvUvz. Dzg, gz zAi
P z P P Egz gv nU
(`M vz') agP Eg zs . Cz As

C ; `Ez ZzA' JA GQAi Az, `Pz
zP Eg er' AiizAzg PqU
DZ jAiAvV, Pz SxP
(Zx P ) zs v l v z . R P P
z U t Pt U z
z V g z j A z , ` e r'
JAg z j Az , `P z z Rz
z z AizA i (Jgq PtU )' JA Cx
jvz . (`C' JA zP xzg C U
414 PgdiU

Zg Az `Cg' JA Cx wgvV `'

JA ZxP `C'z ZxAi E
Ai UArz). PzAx R, Ax Pt
JA G (CxAPg ) E AU Vz .
(RPz v JAzg `gP' Uvz). Ez
E AUx. Ez Qz `CAPg zs'
JA AzP Jq JAz CAi. U,
ZVgzz GiAPg E
ZP VgzjAz, F `zs ' z
s z GQ av
iUPg `CAPg' JAz Pg z.
Aq Pz gAi a P PAq
g . i U Pg P t P Ez
CUtVzAi JAz j P PAq
Az . i U Pg F z P v z
Sirg Ai Ai wAijU
P. (P. iUP - 2 ; 1973). PPz
O zsvUwz JA Cg UPAi
Pjz. P, q|| P. PwAig v
`DAzzs PiA'Ai - ``zsUA
AzA, Cxz zA'' JA P sUP : ``Rz
Cx CAUv, Dv K z, JAwzg zs AiA
gAvg Az CxAvg
zg
Eg Zvg F CAPgz Pt'' - JAz
guwz g. ``E Cx P Az
gqgz JAz U vgvz'' JAz w.A..
Aig Az. zsvvz QAiAi C, U
v
z P wAig Cxgu A i g V
w A ivz. Pt P jv
``Q - zsAizg PgdiUPg
ntU 415

ElPArgz ?' JA z
w.A..Aig Pr
zg. `KP ElP Arggz ?'
J Aiz Ai Aq wz Vz.
Cg F AilPAq, PPz `D'
z x z Dzs g z , ``z v U
`C'gVgzjAz C iAi, z JA
Cx E jz. Ez EAi
`Zz'Vgz? Ez `'Q Az zs
zAz

81. P Pz UAz GiAPg zsvVzAiAz

jg . AUz CxAz Cz `v'VgzjAz,
`Cxz zA' JAqAi `- A' JAz oz,
wPg zAz Cz `-zA' JAzVgz JA
Az GAmUv. oAvggzjAz Dzsgz
F UU UAi jAiAz RArvV U.
F CrntAi UU PV, || r. J.
g AZg g v C z C A i w
GPgirzg : ``zs'AiA MAz Ai PgdiUQAv
AzAi zVg z - EzP Dzsg P. Ez
vAU C Ag MAz CAPgAz jUtzg
- gzAPgzAv. CAvg Cz DAvzs PAi MAz
wP vvV jtgz. D gtz zz
(9-119) `zsAizAPgzsAiA' Jz zsAiz MAz
CAPgA Cx gvz. PgdiUz zP Cx
U: zsAiAz MAz CAPg ; Cz PAiPz Az
g vz ; D Zx rzPAq zg CxV
zUvz. `Pz CAiU' JAzg Pz Jgq
U JA Zx z. `Rz Jgq PtU' JA
zs
vx Azg, Ez zs AiA CAPg. DzjAz, Dzsgz
`z' `' JAz wz PV. Ez z.'' r.J.J.
(wzl ir. z P Zgz MAz ZA
i,
- A.)
416 PgdiU

QP'' JAz PPt Ai irzg. ,

v JA gAi zU g `C' JA z
P Gz PV GAiVgA Cg U P
xAi. Dzg, q|| P wAig APn
g
Av,
w.A..Aig Pz Cx V JgAv
Ptvz. x CAVPj, Q zs U
wz JAz F z az.''81
z 209-217 : F z U iUPg zArAi PU
j `P'z Pt U jz. zArAi vzA v
Pz PtU V :
UAzs P Zv v PtA |
CAii z vRA ||
(CP UU `Azs' P. Czg PtU : Czg
gAsz `DB' (= gP), `Aii' (= g), E
`
z' Egvz.)
Ew Pxzvvgz zAiA |
ZvUsAivA ZvgzvAiPA |
(Cz EwAzU PxA iAzjAzU Gzv Vgz;
Cx v AUwAi Pjwgz. Cz Zv z gxU
(= zs, Cx, P, P) s MUArgvz ; Czg
AiP Zvg Gzv DVgv.)
Ugt v ZAzPzAitB |
GzQq zs gvvB |
(Ug
, z,
v, Iv, ZAz zAi, gzAi - EU
tAz GzQq, dQq, zsv, Aig
iU - EUAz)
As PigzAitB |
AvzvA
iiuf AiPs zA
ig ||
( tU CUP v UAz , P ig zAi
ntU 417

tU
Az, Av
Z, zvPg, A iit, Aiz AiP
CszAi - EUAz)
CAPvAQA gsgAvgA |
UgwuB vB AB ||
(CAPvVAi JAzg zs APg CxAPgUAz
PrzVAi ; AQVzAi ; Jqqz gsUAz
v AAi ; Cw W z Ai QVAz v UAz
PrgVAi MAi AUVAi Eg UUAz
PrgvPz DV)
v vAvgvA PgAdA |
PA PAvg eAiv zAPw ||
(J AzsUAi JAzg wUzAi gAi ewAi
vz PU
A
wz, MAi CAPg zVg P
P g A d i q z z P A v z g U
agAiiVgz).
i U Pg Uq A g e z Qg
PtU U r z :-

EwAiA (= Ew Dz,
JAzg Czg Dzsgz gavzz) ; Pxv
Zvg PvvxvgA (Px + v + Zvg
+ P + Gvv + Cx + GvgA = PxAi
z z , Z v g z P Az GAmz
Cx Az P rz) ; CwP Zg
PPgv g UuPzg gPgA [Cw
P + + DZg + PPg + Gv +
gUuP + Gzg + g + CPgA : EzP
AAiiz Pt gu `Pz 'z E ; U

CxUAwzg vvAi U. B
418 PgdiU

Vgz : PvAz Azg Az

Prz DZg v `PPg'UAz (JAzg
Psz GPgP AUwUAz Prz) GAmz
UtAz Prz, Gzg g Dz `CPg'
(= UAx sU)]; gRz zsPix
Pg Ai S Sv vvA [= z
R Av g z zs , P, Cx, PU A
g AiU g z vv); g, dz,
(=l), Dv ZAzg GzAiU , UUtU -
E U t U tAi i x z ; v
PgizzAi Gz (= ZV Cgz
U UAzs grg Qq), P v dQq
zvA - E U Az U v P z ; z
zi zz z gA (= GPg PAz
Pjz AiiA GzAz gzz ) ;
gt gt vU Azs A AzsA (= Ai
(AiP? ) zsgz ?) EAz zsAz Prz
U (= s, Pl)Ai t Px AU
Azs (= P )]; zs s sgAs As
As z v v P PA (= UUAi
sUAz zsUAz vz
AsU t Uz zsU z
(; g P igvzAii z v
gw vAv vA (= z gdPig d
AUwAi Avz AvA zz , Cgw
(= v) vAv, - EUAz Prz gu);
AiAi Avzv AiiuPAi Ai
AUPAUA (= wAiAz Prz
C P Av Z U , z v P g , A i i t,
ntU 419

CAvPz GPgg Aiz - EU

t A i CAU V G z ); s A i g v
Ai i zAi U A g PAi i A i z
UtAiPv zA (= sA iz g, OzAi,
W z PAiU JU zg P
q UtAv
- E, AiP CszAi wvPz); v
z A Pg AvxA (= U MAi CAPg
zzUAz vz Cxz) ; Pv
zzvA (= P + v + z +
Gzv + P + D + A = zz
zUAz GAmz vz iw jwAiz) ;
vU t ve w v v g A i
A (= vz UtUU, UUAi vewU
AiUP, gAvgz g P JqUq
Azgz qVgvPz) ; Aizv AiQP
P wvAi P P PgdA
(= Aiz + Gv + AiQQ + Pww
+ DAi + PP + DPg + C + GdA
= gdwAi g z AiQU, JAzg
GAiU, wPAi Ps MU
Aq
J P U P DP g C z
i v U jP Ai z ) ; Ai v Ai g
zsAiiPgAi g v xzA

82. E oz zg Egz. Aq vvAiP CUtV

o U wP z : (Aiv + Aig + CzsAi
+CPg + CAi + g v + CxzA) `Aiv
Aig zsAii PgAi g v
x
zA'
(oAvgU : oPg w : `v x zA', z
w :-
420 PgdiU

[(E
CxPz ; vvg Vgz)]: Aivz
PAi fAi Avz zAvU g
wzPAqg CzjAz Uz, g v
C i q zjAz , A i d
zgQPqvPz)] ;82 UvA. (= zz ,
z zz ) ; Gvgw xxgA (= Gv
+ Cgw + x + CxgA = v U Az z PAq
L g Az xPP Aq g Az P rz);
UgA (= Ugz U), Vv v a
AZA (= grPArg Cgz CASvz
U A CU Az P rz ), U v
UtgvPPgA (= guUAq UtUA gv UU
A i i z z ); EAx ( P ) U ,
zs g t Z P A gP A v P A (= s Aq
CAvjP DPPArgz, JAzg Czg Qw
P Vgz).
z 217 : ``U CwAiz tU AiiU
MlUr z P CW Ai U
PAvgzgU Uq z agAiiVgz.''
z 218-230 : v AU s z z PAi Evg s zg
U twzg :
(. 218) ( vAU s zz P) ``P
QP P P ZgU gvz ; v
zAi GQ PP P l
rg . (. 219)
CwAiz w s s ; Zv gz
w (= S)Ai Czsgtz ; Pt P
(= P t U C U U U tV P U
g ). (. 220) s rzg, Zgg
,
et ; s AiU CwAi
ntU 421

z Dz PvAi ; zv, Ug, UuzAi

(= v AU ?), z d - Eg Z zg
DP ; Pgz Z Agz . (. 221)
g PgtP ; zg v ; J dg A i Dzg

nvP; gg Utz Cz; `Dv
UuzAiiAvg gA' (= v UuzAi zAi
gg);83 CQUU o lzg
gv z. (. 222) Az KUU P RP
Pgtz g zs wAz Zg ir, MzVz
Qwv P l zP V , Ai i
jwAz g g a U A i C A z A v ,
AiiAz K Pjv jQz , EAv DiAi
`(gVrv?) gv v' Dz Fv `Pq
v P A,84 dUzU zs g zg P A'
(= dUw CUzsz Pg z z zssUz (C
P v A i P A i z P V ) MAz z A wg
`vP' z)'' - JAzV (. 224)
`` v AU s z g `g V v U u z A i PAv
PAvAiiAigV' (= r UzP AiUz
PUuzAiAzjAz DPvz Ai
lPAq), rU U ag' (=
iw vA Ag, JAzg BPV),

83. ``v v `UuzAi' (v AU) zs z

s zg
v (g )''
- Ez Ai wA ig
Cxgu (P. iUP - sU
1, . 97)
84. `Pq vPAvi ' JAz Jgq v w U A
i
Eg o. ` v P A' (A + v P A) JAz
wzl iqzjAz s V CxAi iqz. E
`v P' JAzg `PtUAx' (= PgdiU) JAz UP.
422 PgdiU

`CAv v A' (= iv vV Gzjz U, JAzg

AiA jvgV), `gPA vvA Cg
AvArgA' (= AiiU AUV
Cg Avrg.)''
E i v

: (z 225) ``JAzA t PA'' (= UAz
tvg) :
vAU sz -
``y P A
(= PwA i A
ZP jz , JAzg,
PAiiVzzg evU PAi DVzA z s) ; P ;
xZAiA (= AzP) ; v gw wxvg
iU (= v AU) , JPA (= Pg ),85 xA v
aAwv PAivvg A (= xPU jwAi Daz
PAiz gv z).
z 226 : ``P ew zzA ; AiZgA ; AiP
w (= AiAi EgvP , JAzg KPAvA i);
[PwAv v gA]86 (= v v g

PwAi
Ag ?) ; z U uU t w
Ugz zs vTZzAzA
(= z + Ut + CUt + w + Ugz +
C + Czs + v + CTZzAzA =
Utz P

V w, Ug Gz z
z zsAz wzPAq DgPgz
AUwU ).
z 227 : ``z i iAi sAi s z

85. F ErAi Ps U Jgq v w

U
A i
Vz. FVgAv
F P AzP AixwAiiV ga jgvP z . jAiiz
o zgQz Ez vUAivPz.
86. Ez Ai wAig UAxvVgqAi ag
o.
ntU 423

s vAvgA UjU dAiivgA [= z i

Avz CAvgA U jU
dz ( zz
CjqU : P, Pzs, s, z, , vg;
vVz E g `jU')]; v
s sv PA (= zz v Q AzV
Pz UgP v z ); zsU v PA
(= z A g wA z Pq v P );
CvU vPA (= PPAq Z

vP ).
z 228 : ``gis; Ci; z; `gA'
(= ); CvzgZj vzAi; KPg : `g A i
g w' (= CvAv z gP ); gPj;
Aii U Uu zAi ; `CPgt zsAiv A '
(= d wAi vAi).
z 229 : ``CAi (= KPAUgz
Ai ) ; P av Pv zAi vv
v A (= v P v P VAi Dg P VAi
gVAi PU Aq Az Prz v;
JAzg, zsV, gUU jwAi, v
DvQAi Pr g); vA
(= zgs Uz, Pl ZlUz); Gv
PPA (PPv, JAzg CP PU
t ); RAq Ai zs v A A
[(= ZAz A v z QwAiA (gs t,
PtPAq, Avz) UUAi DsgtU''].
z 230 : ``jv v AUz iUAvgUv zs
AiivA [= `vAUz iU' JAz zz
PiU Pgz CqVg wP (`zs')Az
`jv'z (= vjAil, (z) z
P) ; (EAx Pgz F) v , `g Utjv
424 PgdiU

Pgv Pgz
Ggg A JAiU A' (= UtUAz
Prz PA Ugz Cx Pgv UAz vAz
Ugz wg l ].'' (F P, v AU
zi Uz P PtUU CUtV PU
ga JAz vvAi. z, `PtPA'
JA tP Ez SzAwz).
z 231 : CAiix : ``gzAiA [= zgvz
A JAzg Pvv), GzA (= z), Gzv
QgrArg AqgA (= Qg Ugz
Pz vggAiAv Vg], DPAv Ug
zsg
ZPAgA (= v, Ug, s , UAvz
Aq, CAvjP - E DPPArg),
zv (= Aig Pg, zg - EjAz
CAVPvz, JAzg dg CzA i qz ) ,
g dAi s wd AiA (= g dAiAz
gavz F PwAi JAzg `PgdiU'z Qw),
giAv P) (= CvAv DAz qz
P MP , aPAv), DZAzvgAgA
(= ZAz
Pv U

Egg U
) , U
(= U
,
g Vg)''
 425

CAzs
Zg : CPo

[z II-31g `EAv vA', `U Dg U', JAz

V gzjAz, E Png a UAi
AiP zU CP PvP JA Az. Ez
Uz g Eg , P z U Z v g Az P rz ,
gV.
2. CAzsz 3Ai zz `PqA AzAzQ' JA
z sU ` t zt'z 104Ai vP (jw
zt

. 91 ; || r. J. gAZgg Ag ztz
wAiiwAi v AS 114, . 121) AiUAz
GzvVz. Gzv P `t zt'z g
ztU wUAi `PqA...' JAz; `D vPZjg
vgg' JA AiP CUtVAi Ez F AiU.
`PgdiU'z J v wUAi `PqA...' JAz
Ez. ``... AiU z sUU vB Pgd gz
gzAi E GAiAz PUvz. Pgd
wAi wA B E z ; Er AiUU
C'' JA | | g
AZgg PAi Dzsj zzg,
Pgd PArg `PgdiU'z w
Ai `Pq
A
...'
JA o Eg P JAz H i q z z ,
D wAiAi F a AiP zU EgP JAz
zsgV H iqz. JAz, CPvPAz
Hzz F z U PgdVAv AzAi Aiiz
MAz `PgdiUw'Ai qAiiVgP.
3. || r.P. gAig vU zgv `t zt'z
` w
' B av Az CAinz
g. D w
Ai
G RUArg `P gd iU 'z g z U
426 PgdiU

Zgz P Pt zU j. E Pq mP
AAzsl
gv, F a

Aiz D w
Ai
E JAz, `tzt' F wAi SPg
PArg `PgdiU'z w
Ai F a
z U
B
Egg JAz Hz.
4. `PqA...' JA zsU `tzt'z ojgt
PAiz v PArg (P) wAi E JAz
|| gAZgg CrntAi agvg. (. 121).
Aq CAUAz, (1) m Zg iv MUAq
`PgdiU'z MAz oAzAi (2) UA xz PAi
AiPz a zU EAz oAzAi
EzA z zUvz.
Egq g
zAi oA z
Ai avg

A z, DzjAz,
Z zzzAz Hz. FU vVg Jgq
ztU oUU JgqAi AzAiz o wU
DzsgV. zAi o AzAiz w MAzzg
zgQzg, UAx o j gt PgP a gUzg
Az.]
z 1 : , zAz, w, CAv - EU g
zAi gv, Pt j. Pt
PUAz sV CjvPz. `
vVPA' JA iwAz, F z U P, iUPg
g m P gPV F g Zg
wzA z .
z 2 ; vAz Cx Cs Pz jAi M t UU
z z ;
``J U, CgAi U (= gtAi U)
Cg g AU ( x : 1. gdg AU ; 2.
gPg z g
AU) gqwg . Ez U Ut.
Cg g (1. gdg , 2. Cg P g ) g
 427

Cx i rP g ? Cg g z g q (1.
gdgzgq, 2. gPgq) gq.''
z 3 : Ezg M AzjAi PmP Pt z ZAZ RjAi
tz :
``C z J UtU ZVz . MAz
Pt EAzg Z qAi A iwzU,
U Cq wv . Ez PAq, D PtU (Aivz)
AzP jz qwz.'' zz zsvx E
RVz, UVz.
z 4 : wz PlAi z
iv :
`` ivrz ; xAi
Urz ; wAz MAi M GqAi =
Gq (zg MUq Gq ) Grz ;
zz gvRavz MqU vrz.''
z 5 : ``vgwv Qwg [= ZAzAv (JAzg,
ZAz AUA v V g) QwAi qz Czg
Ai];87 [g]87 sAiidv g (= v
zz gz PAwAi ) ; gv
v zg (= D PAw D PArg
zAiz zgi rPArg , JAzg, v
zAiz Cg QwAi gwg);
zgvg (= zgzgU gV
grg ).''

* * * *
87. oPg wAi F z Vz. z wAi AzPg
[g] JAz wzrAi azg. PtP AzAv
[g] JAz wzr Ai irz. Dzg `g'
JAz Czg.
 429

CAzsU
430 PgdiU
431
432 PgdiU
 433

CAzs - 2
R oAvgU - 4

APv gu : 1. . . = Pv o : Pv o
wz mzzVzg, ZP PAz Pt, wzl azg
APvPg Pz Ptgvz. Gz., 1-47g, v
[] () ; F wzl z zt z. P z
APvPgzg D wzl Pv ztz AzPz
JAz wAivPz. 2. . = P. . oPg Ag v
wAi o. 3. = zg ztz o. 4. P. =
g NjAiAl jAi A. 125 wAi o.
5. R. = g NjAiAl jAi A. 110 wAi
o. 5. . . = (Zgz) av o. F oz
Pz (?) xP azg, o CAVPg.

jZz 1

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

1 3 - U

(.,P,R) U
U (.)
3 3 - Asz (.) Asz (.,P) ;
As (R)
6 4 KP P (, ) KP - (P, R)
7 1 U P (, ) Uw - (P, R)
11 1 wsv (, ) wsv (P)
11 3 vjZAi (, R) PwjZAi ()
12 1 A () z
()
434 PgdiU

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

12 2 vU () vV ()
13 2 v () v (), v (R)
14 2 PwAiqA () PwAiqA (P),
PwAiz [gA]
(), PwAiz
[A] (. ., w.
A. ., s.P..,
. 443)
21 2 Pgu zP () Pgu - ()
34 2 AzAzqUA [q] - zqUAz (, )
35 3 VvP w () VwU w ()
39 3 QPi - () Q P i ()
41 3 P - () P - ()
41 4 P A Pt A () P A Pt A ()
43. 4 - qv (, ) -z v (P),
-z v (R)
45 1 PtUAiA (, ) PuUAiA (P)
45 4 etj (, ) etjA r
(- oAvg) (?)
46 1 zvAz () z [] - ()
46 2 - z - z ()
47 2 Av [v] Uv () AvwUv ()
47 4 v [] () v z( )
49 3 q n - () [q gl] ()
51 1/2 Ai
g [v] g ()
53 3 - vAUgq () zAUgq ()
63 2 Ai g A - zqAgqv
[zg qv qUgA] UgA (;).
(..) z
[g q gA]
(.w.)
CAzs-2 435

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

66 1
z [] z ()
66 3/4 - [z] ()
- (. c-
oAvg),
- ()
71 4 - P (, ) x ( - AB
oAvg),
72 1 U [AiA] UAiA (, )
73 1 vq
r
() vqr (., . -c
oAvg)
73 3 - zz [zA] - zzgA (, )
73 4 v[z] zA - vz zA (, )
75 3 zAi (, R) zAi (),
zAi (P)
76 4 ZvA () ZjvA - (-c
oAvg ; )
88 2 PA () A ()
89 3 UA U () UAU (),
UA - (P)
91 4 vv A () vv AiA() ;
vvAiA (P);
(. .) vv
[AiA] (?) (.JA.)
93 2 Ug () - [U] Ug
(.) .. (?)
96 4 U vPA () - [wPA]
() (. .)
99 4 A () A ()
436 PgdiU

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

106 1/2 AiAiPA (, R) AiPA ()
106 4 AvA () AvA ()
110 1 gg
(, ) g (P) ;

112 3 zdz
z () zd [g]z
(..) () (?)
114. 4 PgAi (, )
116 4 - zzPg [PA] () - PgtA (, )
117 1 - zz [] () - zz ()
117 3 PgPsQ (, ) Pgt - (P, R)
121 2 - P P z () - P Pz
(); PP P (P)
122 1 JqU
A [q] () JqU
Az ()
122 2 z [z] - PzA (), PzA
()
123 3 UAizUq Av () UAizUz Av
(, )
128 4 - wg [] q - wgq -
(, )
130 1 qn
z () qnz ()
qn
z ( )
(. JA. )
130 3 zzq () zAz q ()
130 4 (1) gz zqAi () (1) gz z
(2) - AzA () [Ai] qAi [0]
(..) () ;
[gz] zq Ai
[] (..)
CAzs-2 437

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

(.JA.) (2) -

AzA () ;-
- Az [A]
(..) (. JA. )
131 4 g [] A A() ;
- A ()
132 3/4 -ZAizP - (, ) - ZA
izv (R) (?)
134 2 v () v (, P)
134 3 [v] () v ()
134 4 (1) - v [A] (1) - vA
(, , P);
(2) - A (z) zvA (2) - Az
zvA (, )
(3) - tz
q - (, ) (3) Atz - (P)
135 3 gVgz () gVg ()
135 4 Pz zA () P z A ()
136 4 U Ai[z]AwzAwg UA
iAw []zAwg
(, )
138 1 Aiv [Ai] () Aivv ()
143 1 CjAi () CjAiAi()
143 4 - s[v] Q () - sUQ
(, P, R)
144 2 dz Azz
g (, ) dz AwAiAwg
(P, R)
145 2 wzz- (wZ) -
(..) (.JA.) (?)
146 4 - s [v]P () - sUP ()
147 2 P
() ;-s (P) P [] -()
438 PgdiU

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

147 2 -P [g] -g (), -
x()
147 3 gP[] - P (,)
147 4 gAi[z]Ai () gAiPAi () ;
gAi [] Ai
(, .)
148 1 zs

vA (, ) zs -
(P, R)
148 2 Pwww - (, ) Pww [Ai] gAvg
148 3 w
Aiw () v
- ()
148 4 vUtA PvPv PA vU
tA PvP v-();
vU t UtAz
PvPA () ;
vUt PvP v
PA (. .)
()
149 4 UrrAv
vz ()
jZz 2
9 2 [ ]z-() (..) zz
()
13 2 u A () u A ()
14 4 Z
zsd
P () Z
zsdQ (,R)
15 4 tA () tg () (?)
19 4 -[j]-(..) (.JA.) (?) Az z
25 3 gyUA () gwUA ()
25 4 gQP
A () -QP
A ()
26 3 () ()
30 4 -zz () () zz
()
CAzs-2 439

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

31 3 - AvUvA A () vAvUv
A
()
32 3 -zvA () - zvA ()
33 2/3 -A () ; PqzA (,) -A () (?) ;
A (P) ;
PqzA (P, R)
36 1 w (..) (.w.) (?) w
36 4 vPAi () wPAi () ;
wPAi (P) ;
wPAi (R)
40 2 Pvsv
v A - svgZAiA
(R)
44 4 v
R z s
A v
R z s
vA
zA - ();
vR... A
vA (R) ; vvA
v AUz
A
vA
()
46 2 v UzUA (R); v UzUA
(..,) .JA.. (, )
47 3 zgPAqqU - () -PAqq - ()
49 4 s zz

A
iUA () - ivA ()
53 3 [v]vvg
() vvg
()
55 4 vzz

(, ) vzAiz
(...JA..) (?)
56 2 (1) QUq
(); (1) QUz
() ;
(2) g (zAzAlA) (2) gzzA lA
()
- zA lA
(;.w)
440 PgdiU

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

62 3 vvA (,) - zsA (R)
80 2 -gz[gg] gw -gzggw (,)
81 2 -Zg g () -Zz g ()
81 4 (1) Ad (, R); (1) Ad ();
(2) avP
A (,) (2) avP A
(..) (?)
85 4 QAii vA () QAiiv vA (),
QAii - (R)
93 4 AiAiv () AiAiU ()
94 1 A QAiAiA () QA
iAiA ()
99 4 -v[z](..) (.JA..) (?)
AvAz (,);
103 1,2,3 -AzA () -AzA ()
103 4 -qUz () -gUz ()
104 2 -vA
UR (..-.JA..)(?) -vAv R (,)
112 1 [UwPA]* AiPA () x x x x AiPA ()
113 2 v[] v (), -
() ()
114 1 z
s [Uv] () x
Avz ()
114 2 z [q] zgA - z-(),-
z - (),
z z
(P), z

qz
-(R)
118 1 [i] -
(, )

* 111-112 z U q UA xvVzAiAz , zg zt z
AzPg
`UwP' AigV
APgU g
U
Pg
z

CrntA i azg. (zg zt , .55)
CAzs-2 441

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

127 1 [] A gA (,)
129 1 (1) [z]zx (..); (1) []zzzs
;
(2) P [] UZgA vzzzs
A (),
[]z zz ()
(2)
(),
-[P]UZgA
()
129 2 [zs]Pi - (..) zP
i - (,)
134 2 wdU[]zA wdUz
A
(, ),
wdUzzA (P),
wZPz

zA
(R)
142 1/2 d QzAzsAvAi QzA vA-(P);-
(, ) zAzAvA - (R)
142 3 Ul


A () -l A ()
146 2 v[ j]z v z(, )
151 1 v[U]vA -UvA (, )
151 2/3 []P []U P
U (),
P U ()
151 4 [q] r(, )
153 1 zs


[]wiU zs


w-(),
zs


(P)
iU ()
153 2 i[U]AQAiixA iUA-(, )
154 2 [ai] (.w.) iA (), -
i ()
154 2 zsAQAii (, ) [v]AQAii
(..) (.w)
154 8 U[gA] UsvA (, )
442 PgdiU

jZz 3
7 2 jvAP () -AP ()
7 3 zA () lA ()
24 4 -A[] -A (),
- A ()
34 3 -PgU () -Pg
U () (?)
35 4 -zs [P] P () jz
s P (),
35 4 gzvP[ A](..) gzvP
A (),
gzx
P A ()
39 1 Dww []A () -wwAiA (, R)
41 4 vv [A] -v
(), -v
()
48 1 -zs PAP () -zs PAP ()
49 4 -vvA () -v v A ()
53 2 z
[] z

A-(,)
53 3 [P] - P - (,)
55 2 -sU A [s]gz (..) -sUAgz ()
55 3 PP PPzA () PP PzA ()
55 4 gag-[]AiA gaAi-AiA ()
62 3 []
Ai (, , P,
R); g
(..) (.w.) (?)
64 4 Pv sUA () -sA ()
74 2 Ai PA(,,P,R)(..) -Aii PA
76 1 Pt

(,) (..) Pt
z
(?)
81 1/2 [i] z iA vz (, )
81 2 () (..)
[zA]()
82 2 v [A] (..) v A (,)
84 4 vgw () vgvw ()
CAzs-2 443

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

88 3 -[Ai]Pg- -AiA Pg (,)
89 4 []gA
() g
A
()
92 2 v[]zzA v

z
zA (,)
97 1 g
A (R) g (P),
g
A(), g
A()
100 3 [z
]Az (.)


Az (),



Az ()
106 3/4 - []w - w (, )
110 2
[ j](,)
(P,R)
110 2 (,) (P)
110 2
v ()
v ()
111 2 UAUA (,) zAU (P),
UAU (R)
114 2 vg (,) g
g (.-B
oAvg); (..)
g (?)
115 4 U[z]. UU (,)
123 1 g[]z () g

z
()
128 2 Pvz
V () Pvz
V (,)
130 2 AiiAvg[]A AiiAvg
A (,)
133 1 P
Ai[] v(..) P
Ai v
(.JA.) (?) (,,R)
147 1 -zq[j]AiA -zq ()AiA
(,)
148 1 QzAz () -z () ;
(.) - z
(.w)
148 3 [g]z A z A (,)
444 PgdiU

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

150 2 -z [] zz -z zz
(,)
161 1 UugP () -P ()
168 1 (); - [] Pgt ()
(..)
169 1 [] P P (,)
172 3 -[] A -A

174 2 P[A]PqA () PA PqA ();
180 1 tvj [W]nv -jvnv (), -
jvn
v ()
180 2 [tUt
]vA
A UtUtvA (),
tU

ivAPA ()
180 2 Pg -g (),
P
zg ()
184 3 q[]zAiA () -zz
AiA ()
186 3 (..)
(?)
(,);
187 2/3 g[ z]zsAPgA gv zs (,); -
v[]zs ()
190 4 PAii [z] A PAiiA (),
PAiiA ()
195 1 [w] v (, )
195 3/4 - s [v] A svQ
A (, )
197 1 [Ug] tz jav (i) xxxtz
jav A U t()
[UU]tz
jav A-()
CAzs-2 445

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

198 3 v [Ai ] Zg v xxx Zg (),
v [ Ai sz]
Zg ()
200 1 UA [U]ivA U A
ivA (), -
[w] -(),
-xU
P (P),
U xx ivA
(R)
201 2 (1)-[i].s .. (1)x
s
(2) [g] () (2)U (, P, R)
202 4 -qU [q]zA () qU xx zA
(P,R,)
203 4 -Av [n]zzgt
A -v[v]zz-(), -
vnzz-()
204 1 U[gd]z gP [Ai]A U xxx z gP AiA
(P,R,), U[gd]z
gPAiA ()
204 2 -Azs[ ]A -Azs
A (,)
204 3 sg []A (.) (?) sg
A (,)
204 4 zgPA[q][]Az -[q]Az (,,P)
205 2 [q] zA x x x zA (P,R,);
[UzA] zA ()
206 4 -zsg[tzs] g- (,) -zsg
xx g (R)
207 3 -z[]APw (,) -zgAPw (R)
209 2 -[P]vv-(,) v - (P,R)
209 3 P[] P (P,,)
211 4 gtgt[ v] U () -gt x U
(P,R,)
446 PgdiU

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

212 3 -zAii [] z - Aii z
(),-Aii B-()
215 3 - Aii [P] g (.) (?) zs
Aiivg(,)
215 4 []x(.)(?) -x
zA() -
x
()
215 1 -gw[]xxgA (,) -gwgx - (,)
216 2 [ A]ZA(,) AZA (,)
216 3 gvPP[gA](,) gvPPg (,)
216 4 zsgt
[ZPA]gPAv () zsg
t xx ZgPAv ()
218 3 P (.w.) (?) Q (, , R)
218 3/4 PP[]v -P
v (,)
219 3 Pt
P [] -P i (,)
221 4 -[TU]g - x x x x g
(P, R, , )
222 1 zs [] (.w.) - (), -
w ()
223 1 vP (,) (..)
[]v P (?)
223 4 Pv[ ]A -v A
(,)
224 2 PAv[PAv]Aii- (.w) PAv x x x Aii
- (P, R, , )

AvA
rg v AU zzg PgA
s [zg
]() (R,);-g v AU
x x x x x (P)
225 2 []x ZAiA x
ZAiA (, )
CAzs-2 447

z AQ . . (QjAi DwAizAv) oAvgU

225 4 [xAv aAwv (E UA
xvVz).
PAi vvgA] (..) (A.) x xx xx
226 4 Zz [AzA] Zz[A]zA
(, ),- Zz
x x x II (R)
227 3 v [ ]s
(.w.) v x x s

(R, , )
228 2 -Pg []A (, ) -PgA (R)
228 3 g[Pg]A () g
x x x A(),
g
x x x x (R)
229 3 v[]v -vv (, )
231 (1)-Ai []z; (1) -Aiz
(2) [Q](,); (, ); (2-4)
(3) [] (,), (oAvgU

)
(4) Ai [0]

CP o (CAzs - 1)
1 2 -Uav[] (,) (g oU)
1 3/4 [A
iAvA ] (, ) ``
3 4 A[zA]Q [] (,) ''
5 2 [g]A
s ii x x A
s ii (),
[g] sAii ()
g
A
s ii (R)
5 4 z [g]v zjPv (, )

* * * *
448 PgdiU

CAzs - 3
P.. oP v z ztU
AzQAi ntU

Pv ztz ojgt PgP F A Jgq

v UAxoU, D UAxU Png oAvgU
Dzsg s vU V ; g Aii w
Ai F UA x AzP U
zgP . w
U g
U CU g
g
AAzsU


Pjv F AzP wPz a ZgU E.
DzjAz, D ztU AzPg wg gU E
Jw z CP vz.

1. P.. oPg GAiVPArg wU g:

"(A) : A copy of the palm - leaf Ms. (containing I and II Parichchedas and
224 verses of the third). It is incomplete and inaccurate. It occasionally uses r,
the verses are not numbered. (B) : A copy of a palm - leaf Ms. It is incomplete and
inaccurate. It never uses the letter r, but contains frewer gaps thaan A. Unfortu-
nately most of the mistakes in B are the same as those in A. (C) : A transcript of
a Ms. deposited in the Govt. Oriental Library at Madras. This is decidedly superior
to A. & B. but incomplete. It contains the first two parichchedas, and 193 verses
of the third. The last 93 verses are multilated. 'C' contains two additional verses,
one on the use of the Sanskrit prepositions and the other an illustration o Mu
(Ma)lopame. But since they are corrupt and not found in A & B, I have omitted
them from the text. The most corrupt portion of the work is that which contains
'dushkara kavyas'. The other parts of the work are fairly well preserved."
CAzs-3 449

og ng Jgq zU z ztz
GPArz. ztz AvAiUU AAzsl
z iv, Cz oz Eg zAz H
CPgzjAz, GPArz ( I-52) ; iU
MAz P EgzjAz (, III-81), CxUz C wAi
z vfz.
oPg Aq g w
U oAvgU


CUv
z
P iv v ztU A, B, C JAz z Cr
ntUV Pngvg.

2. zg zt z AzPg Png g :
``F UAx jjzg F z
v Vz P gd i U z w Ai , z g
Z P Aizg vv w Ai, g jAiAi
v g A rv g P z w U U
AiPU Vgv.''
zg ztz AzPg PqU ag
wzlU AdV ; E qU Cg oPg
ztz o (= C wAi o ?) Cjz
CoU Pjgz C AdV Pt.
zg ztz, oPg A, B JAz zg
.N.jAi wU (A = No.125, B = No.110) oU
iv g gAiiV Jgq jUV zz.) C
w
Ai oU g Arvg Pl wU oU
a. U iq PgtAz w.
zg ztz `o' jU PAqg
Uz CAz :
A (A. 125) w Ai x
jZzz z ``v
gieAi B'' JA gz. EzjAz wPg E
450 PgdiU

wirP Aq zv AzAiz Az
Hz.
B (A.111) wAi z `zzAi B'
JAz, JgqA i jZzz PqAi - ` AUA sA
gA i B, s gAiuAi B, zs Ai
B'' JA g U . Ez j Az, w Pg E w
irPAq izs (zv) AzAiz Az
Hz.
gidg P, Q. 1017 ; zsZgg P,
Q.. 1119, smP AP PP (Q.. 1604) PgdiU
`v AU UA x' JA w w V gjgzzjAz,
D U Pq r zs gid vUgq V
gjzzj Az, v AU Ps JA PgtAz (Cx
APAz) Aq w U
g irlP Argz.
B w Ai Pg A iU Pa vVz ; B w Ai Pgzq A i
gs AiUz. F J PgtUAz, F Jgq wU C
wVAv Fa, B 16Ai vi z vg Ai
nz JAz Hz. Egqg B VAv A Z
a JAz vgvz.
VgzjAz, 3Ai jZzz 224Ai z z 4Ai
AQAi AAzsV, `UAizzg PgA' JA
(zg zt z Pvz) B oQAv, `AvA rg
v AU s (zg ') JA A v C w U o avg ,
CAiz B av, DzjAz Z Ai JAz
z. B o zg ztz AzPg `Pg
Pvv' zP MAz itV GAiVPArgz
HfvU.
C w Ai o oz MAz SU , A-B U o
g g v
A vU
Vz EAz SU jzV PAqgv .
CAzs-3 451

C wAi l ZV CAg oPg zt

R DzsgV ElPArgv.
CAv, gAi avg wU zgAigU,
UAxz CoU zoU UAxvVgqU
o
PoP UAv gaz zs Uz .
P v zt
z o Aq oU
Gv
i AU
Dzsgz
gUAq MAz o ; irg wzlU
CP AzsU HvP ; E J AzsUAi
PoP JAz zsg V.

* * * *
452 PgdiU

CAzs - 4
Evg UAxU GzvUz
PgdiUz zU

1. bAzA : U-1 (.Q..990).

(PgdiUz F A z U bAzAAi, P
ovUq, GzvV: 2Ai jZzz 30, 31, 33,
34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 ; 3Ai jZzz
232 v 233 (F Jgq z U ztz CP
oz 1 v
2Ai zU).
q|| lg Aq zU bAzAAi zgAiv
JAz `PgdiU PgPv' JA v zP zsPUAz
P V g z U v Rz Gzjzg . CU
Uz ovUgzjAz, CU iv E
GzjPnz. -A)

(i) v APgz
[wAiz]PqP vvA A
PvPv [zg
]
vA [zz v PA z]* (II-30)

* || r.P. gAig qzPArg ..z.z

wAiAi Aq z GzvVz; Czg o PgdiUz
F zt z EgAvAi Ez. Ezg evU II-31, 32, 36, 38,
40, 44 v 45Ai zU GzvV JAz wzgvz. -
. . z. oAvgU: 47.
CAzs-4 453

(ii) Cw z AivA
vPgwd vA vA
vv AvA
v
Rzs s
A
vA

(F zz Ai AQ oPg ztz oAvgVz,
Pvo Vz: `vvA vAUzA vA.')
(iii) Av
AU wAiAU vA
sAA
sg [PAeAivQ PzgA]

2. tzt : Pgd (. Q.. 1260).

(C) (i) Q z jzx
vvAzA tA
(I-15g Gvgzs)
(ii) rUA z ... gv PU (II-33)
(iii) Cg PigAivvg ... RvgAiA (II-59
(iv) j [zsgA P
j] AiPvAiA [ P]
(F z z o v
U P. Gvg
zs
PgdiUz
EgAvAi Ez. Pgd 59Ai vz A zP Ez
GzguAiiV Pnz. o `j Qw wAiA...' JAz
AvVAi EgP. KPAzg, iUPg `Wz'z Az `Mw
zA' vAi Uz JA zP F GzguAi
Pl, zz `iU'z Pz `QwwAiA j' JAz C
zU v z. DzjAz F z Pgd v
vPUtV wPArgP. E C GAiVPArg
PgdiUz wAi U wz z EgP.
iUPg v wAi P ilU az, C
454 PgdiU

g wPgg PAi g g oAzAiUV jtg

As GAl.
|| r.P. gAijU z ..z. wAi Aq
zz Jgq oU E. ` WzA' JA z (II-6)
GzvVz.)
(D) || r.P. gAijU z ..z. wAi Evg
w
U zgP zQAv a ASAi PgdiUz z U

GzvV. P zz. Evg zU :
(i) PV Png Gzgu :
UzxA A
U AizAiA Azzq vA
A PzA (wg
UU Pv zsgzUU)
(. . z. oAvgU : . 43)
ov UP.
(ii) ``.., ` EAv zAUAiq zQtiUA UtA' JAz
, ``zQuvg iUAUAvAzq vAU AiUA''
JAz PgdiUz 100, 107, 101 zU PV
Gzjz.'' (. . z. oAvgU : . 51)
(tztz F wAi Gzjg PgdiUz
z U SP gAz GzvV, PgdAz, JAz
UP.)
3. Fg PAi `PfAzs' :
PgdiUz Q zz `Cgg A' JA z
(r : CAzs-1 . 2) Fg PAi PfAzsz
P Aq g v z . F z z F g P Az vU z P Aq
PgdiUz PirgzAz q|| lg H. (q||
J.Dg.P. CjAz Avz ztz F z E.)
CAzs-4 455

4. smPAP `' :
(. Q.. 1604) wAi z, v 202) : `Cg' Ev
AU U AiU Gzj Azsz, Aq
z F UAxz Ai Sz GzvVz. z
PP AzAi Zgz Lz zU PgdiUz
PVz Pz CAz Cz smPAP r
vUz PArgzAz, Vz Pz
Fg PAi UA xAz
Cz vUzPArgzAz q|| lg Hvg.
5. ZAz `w' :
( . Q. . 1170) (D 3- . 42) ; ` w 'Ai
P gd iU z Q z U MAz P A q g v z .
P gd i U z z z o P ` w ' Ai z P
vgzjAz, `w'Ai z E Gzjz.
MAzAzAzAi
AzAQ [ Ai] [PAi] qA
A[g AzA
Az z] r[AiU]t.
PgdiUz Q zAz ZAz v Pz
PArz JzQAv, PPg wAi z
`zAz'P GzguAiiV PArz JAz wAiz Z
Ad. Vg PP , Q
z U
PgdiUz oA z Ai
FgP U ZAz EjVAv FZU JAzg 1200g ij
ngP.
smPAP (Cx `'z SPg) vAU
UA
xz G RirgzjAz, `Cgg A' JA z gV
Q zU PgdiUAz GzjPArg As Z.

* * * *
456 PgdiU

CAzs - 5
zU CPg
(zAi CAQ z JgqAi CAQ jZz
avz)

C
CeAiA i vUdA 134-II
Cwzs i Ai UtAv 155-III
Cw z AivA 44-II
CwAi zszsg vA 11-III
CwAi zswiU 153-II
CwAi zsv 148-I
CwAi w ssA 219-III
CwAiiVg UtAvw 160-III
CwAiwAiA 209-III
Cwv Ai 182-III
CzAzz A 44-I
CzA giUP 9-I
CzUA Q 37-I
CPv vgx 20-I
Czs PAP 48-III
CUvA PU A 143-II
CA j gUz 106-II
CAvP tUtA 29-II
CAvA gt PU 47-I
CAv vAgVv 224-III
CAvA szAv 51-II
CAzs-5 457

CAvA AiwAiA 77-I

CUzU 3-II
CgUA wUv 157-III
CjAi zUt 143-I
CzZ 47-III
Cggd v Ai 96-III
C UtwUA 142-III
CvsA gPgA PA 74-III
CvAi QgtAz 183-III
CggA PvPAi 99-I
CgAzv vg 65-II
CgAi zgg 141-II
CgPig Aiv 59-I
CjU zggAUAvgz 159-III
CjUvszsgA 112-III
CjzzA Pqz 42-I
CjA Ug 82-I
Cga PtA Pj z 8-III
Cz A iUUwAiA 46-II
C g gzz 165-III
CWsdVAiA 43-III
CgA P P 121-III
CUtvzqi 43-I
CPvPZA
iA 148-II
C AiAiw 55-II
C jgAz 24-I
CAi 229-III
CggZZ 52-I
CP AiAU 50-III
458 PgdiU

CP AiAU 77-I
CU Pt 76-III
Cv gaU 89-I
C z AiAiz 175-III
C zgA vg 25-II

D
D P Uv PtZg 105-I
DU Ai Ai 70-I
DUA UgUz vt 127-I
DwwA zg
A 39-III
Dg zAvz 16-II
DA Pu 9-III
DAiA AiA dAi 206-III
Dg UgWv 126-I
DgqsdAPg 198-III
Dz VzzPA 150-II
Dv PP 94-III

E
Ez AiAi zsz 72-II
Ez zQtiU sz 62-II
Ezz UPz 39-II
Ez zQuv PiU 81-II
Ez q y Azsz 66-II
Ez v gzxP 83-I
EAwAv q 111-I
EAwzA zAv 43-II
EAwz zQt iUz PAv 68-II
CAzs-5 459

EAwz Azs v 59-II

EAwg iUwAi UvAvg 97-II
EAv PgPAU 125-I
EAvv s z A zAv 15-III
EAvi P
A
iAv 90-III
EAv rz Ug 129-I
EAv P tU Av 217-III
EAv A QAiAiA 94-II
EAz QgtAUAzA ZAz 164-III
EAAv v U 13-II
EVz vP U 4-II
E zg PAU 113-II

F
F P UAz zP 77-II
FPAi z Pg PAv 67-III

G
GP ZgA Ai 106-I
GvAz gi 100-II
GzAiigqsA PAvz 109-III
GvszQP 98-I
GvPg AiA 146-I
GgvP 37-III

J
JAAw UQAiAzV 84-II
JAAv iAi 60-115, 19-II
JAAv iQAi 61-I
460 PgdiU

JAAv A 61-I
JAz v A 34-II
JAAv iQAi 61-I
JAAv A 61-I
JAz v A 34-II

M
MAzA QAii t 9-II
MAz ivUA 73-II
MAzAzAzzA 134-III
MU u U 133-I
MV jU P 149-III

P
PAzAU sVg 35-I
PAz v 34-I
PPgz APZ 19-III
Pz RzAv 63-III
PA v ss 68-III
PgZgt jg gzg 47-II
PgPg
z zswAiA 191-III
PU Pzg 49-II
Ps PvP 22-I
PgAz 176-III
P A vAz APA 131-II
PtUAiA v zA 45-I
PgPzA Z 113-I
Pgt dAg 168-III
PgtiVzAPgA 163-III
CAzs-5 461

PgvPi 108-I
PjAzi Uzj 36-I
QrA gU AiA 123-II
QzAz UAiA A 148-III
Pzg vUz 120-I
PzAzPg w 21-III
PUAq U ZAi 151-I
P vAv g UAiA 15-I
P vAv A 67-I
P vAv zz 101-I
P vgz vA 39-I
P v ZAiz 137-I
PVjAiAii UgA 20-III
Pdv Arvv 139-I
PdA t 172-III
PewzzA 226-III
PAUA ivz 184-III
PA vAiA 14-III
Pq v P 223-III
PvPv
w 2-I
PAiv 133-III
PqqzAz UAiA 72-I
PAz dmAivA 194-III
PA qAizs A 199-III
PzAvAgw 88-III
QwwAiA j dU 8-II
U
UtzzA 122-I
UvvUvv Zv 119-II
462 PgdiU

U zxA A 5-II
UtevUAzgAi 154-III
UtevUUUt 120-III
Utz 170-III
UtzUAzUt 141-III
Utz zzA 8-I
UtAivA sl 123-I
Ugdz gPAiA Azs 204-III
UgW P 92-I
UjP gzA Azsg 92-III
U Z 82-II
UwPA AiPA 112-II

W
W
gq Aiz 15-II
W
vA PQA 100-I

Z
ZzqU jz gdA 174-III
ZgvAU 2-II
ZvAiixASx 87-I

b
bAzP gzAzz 95-I
ddqd zA 10-I
dwU MUAiA 96-I
d AizUA A 143-III
dv W

42-II
dzU A ZvvA 128-II
CAzs-5 463

dAiA Ai 190-III
dg
s AiP 161-III
etPzg 40-I
ewQAiiUtz wAi 53-III
ewsUA Uz 119-I
fZg
t
Sz A 18-III

v
vqr AiwAiAwg 73-I
vqv q
z
PAvU qAi 125-III
vgvgZA sggU 16-III
vAz Pz 58-I
vAz vAv 114-III
v Az zAzA 126-III
vr Pdz sA 144-III
vUvA dv dw 151-II
vvzs AiAiv 10-III
vU z 61-III
vgAig gez 127-III
vg eQAiA V 130-II
vvgvwAi v 193-III
wjvPdj S 55-III
wjzzAz ZPz Az 146-II
wUUAi 167-III
wUA UzA 138-II
wrUVzv A 118-III
v AiA g 71-II
vUUtUuzAisV 130-III
wzUu it 109-II
464 PgdiU

wzgP 85-I
z
zgA evi 129-III
zgzgtA zj 132-II
Pg Pg PgAU 67-I
AiPgUAU 34-II
PgzAiVj Rg 57-II
d stAiP 141-I
A 126-II
Piev gP 58-III
zU iz 61-II
zgA UggA 132-I
zA gg 110-I
zgPArg UUA 50-I
zgPAq z UAiA 205-III
zgP rzAiv 58-I
zgP x 28-III
zgPAwg A g 137-III
zAUAv U A 100-I
z Utz 75-I
zvAz Uz 46-I
zA izqA 112-I
zsA gz zzsA 101-III
zsdzsgPP 63-II
zsAUA PPgRgA 7-III
zsAiAzAPgA 208-III

UAiA z V 26-III
qU v A q 115-III
CAzs-5 465

AizvAiQ P 215-III
AiAi Av 213-III
gzgA gz 139-II
gAiPA Azg 125-III
gwvA iAiv 60-I
gwAzAi 115-I
gwAiA Pv 91-II
gP ZAzvA 23-I
zsgAUA Pg 187-III
gv wz 195-III
vgaU 51-III
zs z z z 117-II
i 118-II
xPgZ 108-III
zA 59-III
PAvzz 117-I
PAv iUAiUz 111-III
Uv PQU 52-II
Uv AiixASUv 52-III
Av ggv 87-III
A Az A 121-II
AivzAiz 86-I
AivPg Azi 145-I
AivAi ew 138-I
gwAiPz 76-85
gz Aizzv 231-III
g UAzsUw 107-I
Wzz 6-II
A z Ai 63-I
466 PgdiU

gUAw Uz 149-I
rUA z Pq 33-I
rAiA bAzzAg 16-I
rAiA vU lA 202-II
vjv dw v 4-III
v APgzwAi 30-II
v gQgtPAw vw 78-III
PP AiAg 14-II
w gPj 24-II
i zs 17-II
gvAi 22-II
v 18-II
A eAiA 133-I
Az 21-II
Uz PqAU 57-I
Uz VA j 124-I
l vA AiAg 147-II
gA UA 83-II
z g ivU 14-I
gzwzUUtPgv 128-I
gz AzA Adg P 111-III
gz Azgg 130-
gzzsgv 64-I
QAizAiv 116-III
z PA PP 48-I
q wAiy 102-II

rAi AizqjAiA 147-III
w
iz
s P 26-II
CAzs-5 467

z z rAiA 38-I
zzAzA QAiAi 11-II
zzAivAii 25-I
zz zsUv 114-II
zzzAzA Pz 146-III
zA dv 30-I
gZP
s gnz Pj 181-III
gzU U 65-I
gPA vVg 150-III
gg Pv 196-III
g PgtP 221-III
g Pwzs 1-II
g AiA zsg 72-III
g dAi P 32-I
g Rz zs 210-III
g
i si 228-III
gis sg g 89-II
g iAPggav 4-I
gzAijg PPg 41-III
gz UAiAzA zg 123-III
gzA gA 107-II
jVvx 81-I
jav gUAPg 22-III
jtvUgtjg PAvvg 42-III
ju xA Rj 152-III
jvU PgV 36-III
jz vVzA sgvg 93-96-II
jg gv 10, 12-102-II
jv vAUz 130-III
468 PgdiU

jwAiAzPA g 158-III
gw g 119-III
gg gUA v 102-I
gg AzsgUA 103-I
qUrg 20-II
jz U A 12-I
U u U 136-II
zzgqAiPgi 32-II
z tz 18-I
y UtAiviVAi 44-III
y P Az 225-III
U z 177-III
A PqzPA P 116-II
gPAzPA 84-I
gAP PgA 89-III
gvgg g 80-II
jj 26-II
Qv P sPA 192-III
A zsgZPP AiA 127-II
qw Ug 49-I
AiA UtA v 178-III
AZUAwg 144-I
tvUtj g 31-I
tvjsnv Pt 180-II
wPV vAi 145-III
wzxvv s zz 107-III
wsvPvP 11-I
w
vAPv 84-III
vzz U 138-III
CAzs-5 469

Av A U 45-III
AiPPav 203-III

Uzx z U 131-III
UAVv ZPgUvA 117-III
Uz iUvAiUw 98-II
Uz u gzs 222-III
UUz P zsg 13-I
Az qA w 118-I
gVU zvU 116-I
j WAz 105-II
j QwwAiA 7-II
jAz AzA 104-II
gAvgAU 54-I
gzAvgz 56-I
zsUtUtwvAvg 154-II
gg Pqz A 53-I
gg A ZAi 121-I
gg A AAiU 35-II
gg iz 92-II
zVz PUA 166-III
g P 131-I
PgPz 134-I
s
sAi z
i 82-III
sAzPA PU 207-III
s UzA U 220-III
s vv Aiw 155-II
470 PgdiU

s sv 6-III
sAiA 144-II

UA U ivA 200-III
zPjAi W AiiA 104-III
zi iAisAi 227-III
z v PzAA 45-III
z zg QqUA 45-III
z zg QqUA 91-I
zUUA z 108-II
VAz PAz 33-II
Aid ZavAiA P 93-III
Aig gPgv 80-III
AiiA Aid 32-III
AiiAi t 54-III
Aii P
136-III
V z g 66-I
iv g Pg dU 17-I
ivU 101-II
izs U 105-III
i iA 122-II
iAizg Zjv 171-III
igw gzgzg 124-II
U PqUAU 27-I
U zg PAU 68-I
U qAzsAz 64-II
U zzA UtA 86-II
U gz U 179-III
U z AA P 173-III
CAzs-5 471

U gtz javi 197-III

U Uv wAiA U 79-II
vgUAzA 79-I
A v A v vP 115-III
A zx 97-I
z U w 124-III
UUt RA A 139-III
U P UtA 7-I
zvg P sPA 17-III
zvg iUz PA 100-III
zvg uUi 57-II
gUg Zg 91-III
U AAdzg 25-III
z zA PgA 94-II
z iz 88-II
Ai
AiwsAUxA 69-I
AiwAiAz vtA 71-I
AiPA zzzs 129-II
g
gU z gv 104-I
gtA PAz dAi 189-III
gPzA 27-II
gPAz 12-III

Pzz AP 21-I
Pzzszs 109-I
P P P 135-II
PQ Pg 19-I
472 PgdiU

zA AiZ 66-III
zzAgA 24-III
zAdgAUz 23-III
gzAv RA Z 60-III
gzAi 93-I
gewgPxAvg 2-III
gz gzA gz 140-II
ggP szAwg 27-III
ggPzAPg gZ 113-III
gg jAi gz 137-II
g APgz gZ 48-II
gA PzAPz g 103-III
gjAizA j 136-II
Uv vgw 216-III
UvgUA z 152-II
v Avv 55-I
vx Aiiz 99-III
vxAPgzs zA 5-III
U Z 875-II
iv Pz A 74-II
v jP 76-II
vA AvvA 31-III
jvA vgvwAi 83-III
vgPlPzz z 110-III
zAi Ud 29-I
gA jvw 201-III
v szsUdzsg 91-
z s sgAs 212-III
CAzs-5 473

zv gi Ai Utt 56-III
v zAPg A 214-III
v Azg 110-II
ggA mQ 99-II
gzv Pgu AUg 188-III
wgP P Uv 49-III
wgP P zAzwAi 106-III
Pgt P lP 6-I

gzAgAw g 46-III
gziAgz 78-II
gzUz PAgA 135-III
gz v gPg A 75-III
zsg AAiA 40-II
Avz szAvPA 37-II
gv Arvv 140-I
vgz Ps 1-I
v
t 40-III
vxAPgAiA 1-III
zu zsg 3-I
v z xzA 62-I
vz s q 5-I
vPP 3-III

PdvA vR 38-II
P PPA 29-III
P
PsQP 28-I
P PP 150-I
PzA Uz 41-I
474 PgdiU

AQtAzPA 156-III
P QP Pg 218-III
vvA zQt iUv 53-II
vvA sdAU sUv 162-III
vv zAiw vUw
30-III
z Av P 26-I
AvA UUt wAiA 140-III
Avv Av
x
Avg 38-III
AvAzz g 142-II
AUA PqAi 98-I
Pi 95-II
Azs AzzP A 56-II
zsgq PAv 54-II
izAU 85-II
Uz P 169-III
AvAU 51-I
av vAUz 147-I
zAiixgAi 78-I
v Piz 211-III
Azs WQAi 23-II
gdz RA 64-III
gdAzs Avg 31-III
gd U u 70-III
gdg PAv Pg 102-III
ggAzw g 71-III
gdA gdA zsg 73-III
jzwAiA zPg 35-III
q zsg gA 60-II
APgz 90-I
CAzs-5 475

vPtgv 145-II
ggzgg 133-II
PigvgPg zPg 70-II
ls P PU 28-II
gUu st 142-I
gVj zsAiAg 85-III
qA zztiUz 103-II
UUAzt 149-II
wAzU A Qv 95-III
gxAz 80-I
gz zAvg 122-III
jvzsg Azsg 15-III
gwz s 185-III
gzAU g 186-III
vP zsg w 13-III

jtzsg A Ai 29-III
jtzsg gdAU 87-I
jtzsgA UzA 33-III
P Utz v 88-I

* * * *
476 PgdiU

CAzs - 6
jsP zU CPg
(zAi CAQ z JgqAi CAQ jZz

av)

C
CAPZgu 29-II
CZAzA 69-I
Cv 124-II
CwgP 2-III
CwAi 2-III
CwAiiAPg 91-III
CwAi 66-III
Czv 188-106, 190-III
Czv 68-II
Cv AiixAR 51-III
CAi 65-III
CUvA 31-II
CUv AiixAS 50-III
Cz 86-II
C 41-II, 43-II, 45-II
CAiiP 101-III
CAvUv 31-II
CAv 43-II, 45-II
C 63-III
C 3-III
CAzs-6 477

Cw 4-III, 182-III
Cv 3-II, 138-III
Csv 78-III
CsQ 143-I, 145-I
CsvQ 146-I
Cgg 65-I
Cxz 62-I
CxA 69-I, 78-I, 80-I
CxAvg 2-III, 27-III
CzssA 112-II
Czss tA 139-II
CAQAii 85-III
Czs gt z 113-I, 139-I
CAi gP 16-III
CAs 79-III
Czsgu 77-III
CPg 144-II, 143-II
D
DP 2-III, 99-III
D 1-III
Dg 16-II
DAi sQ 20-II
DAi 77-I
DgAPg 205-III
D 150-I
G
GP gPxA 69-I
Gv g i U 53- II, 55-II , 62-II, 63- II, 68- II,
72-II
478 PgdiU

GvgiUZP 102-II, 105-II

GvgxA 110-II
GvgAit 109-II
Gvgvg 106-II
GvP 3-II, 114-III
Gv 100-II
Gzv 4-III
GzvAPg 173-III
GZ 81-II
GZZPA 108-II
Gz 86-I
Gi 2-III, 59-III
GiP 103-III
Gi we 146-I
G vP 67-III
GsAi wgP 41-III
Gg 32-II

H
Hfv 4-III, 198-III
Hfv 71-III
J
JuAiPg 41-II
JgqAi sQ 16-II
K
KPwgP 40-III
KPPg 122-II
M
Mr 144-II, 150-II
CAzs-6 479

N
Nd 54-II
NeUt 86-II
NePt 85-II
P
PAz 77-I, 35-I
P 115-I
Pgt 114-I
Pgt 188-III, 191-III
PgugA 99-I
P 114-I
PQ P 62-I
Pzs AiUzw 24-I
Pzs g 18-I
PiU 81-II
P 107-I
Pgz zA 107-I
PAv 54-II, 66-II, 68-II
PgP 87-II, 114-I, 115-I, 117-I, 125-I
PgPz 113-I, 116-I, 122-I
PgP Az 121-I
PgzA 108-I
Pz z 79-II
PAzs 92-II
P 147-I
PQ 52-I
QAiiUP 141-II
QAiiUv DP 55-III
QAiizA 117-I
480 PgdiU

QAiit 9-II
QAii sS 8-III
QAi 11-II, 94-III, 117-I

R
RAq 75-I
Uz 27-I, 85-II
Uz 29-I
UvvUv 119-II
UPA 95-II
VwP 35-I
Ut 1-II, 86-II, 101-II
UtsS 9-III
UuUv DP 56-III
Ug 92-I, 126-I, 127-I
Ugz 113-I
UgWszA 15-II
UqsZvx 119-II
UvQA iA 112-II
UwPA 112-II
UwP 128-II
Ugz 129-I
U 54-II
Ui 82-II
UQ 84-II
Z
ZPA 112-II
ZPP 142-II
ZvAiivARA 69-I, 87-I
CAzs-6 481

b
bAzsAUA 92-I, 94-I

d
ew 2-II, 6-II
ews S 7-II
evUv DP 54-III
v
vvS 76-II
w 1-III
z
zQt 51-II
zQtiU 53-II, 68-II, 54-II, 62-II, 102-II,
104-II
zQuv 81-II, 108-II
P 2-III, 52-III
W 16-II
WQ 23-II
zgP 113-II
zgQ 113-II
zgQ 143-II
zAvA Pg 153-III
zgzA 110-I
z (Pw) 46, 47-I, 62-I
zs S 10-III
zUv DP 57-III
zPg 122-II
zAz 1-III
1-III
482 PgdiU

zs
zsiA 184-III, 185-III
zs 61-III
zs 208-III

zsg 187-III
z 3-III
zAPg 141-III
Az 73-III
q 54-II
qAzs 64-II
qQ 99-II
Ai 64-III
gvg 129-II
144-II, 146-II
AiixA 69-II, 101-II
AiAiP, - gz 106-II

zAvjPgt 122-II
z 86-II, 27-I, 30-I
gP AiU 48-II
jw 4-III, 158-III
AiiAiPUvAPg 131-III
AiiAiP 3-III
gP 84-I
gQ 15-II
D z 46-II
PlA 34-III
w 48-III
CAzs-6 483

xi 116-II
AiU 38-I, 24-I, 50-I, 48-II, 62-III, 70-I,
101-II, 155-II, 163-III

A 74-III
54-109, 77-II
UAgvgQ 99-II
g 97-I
PP 37-I
30-II, 45-II, 35-II
s 45-II
Aivg 4-III, 203-III

80-III
AzZw 144-III, 149-II
sv 188-III, 195-III
vg 100-II
s
sAiiP 100-II, 188-III, 193-III
sPAPg 207-III
s 144-II, 145-II

zsg 54-II, 60-II
zsgg 62-II
zsg 62-II
zsgQ 100-II
zsPw 16-I
iv 73-II, 101-II
iv 34-II
iU 2-II, 48-II, 49-II, 50-II, 101-II, 107-II
484 PgdiU

iUA 8-II, 11-II, 26-II

iUP 147-I
iUUw 46-II
iUzsAi 51-II, 60-II
iUvAiUw 97-II, 98-II
iUAiU 82-II
iUAiU 107-II, 111-II
i 81-III
PP z 87-III
gdAzsA 140-II
gdAzsPA 112-II
zAU AVv 55-I
z 56-II
zAzs 57-II
A 183-III
69-III
Ai
Aiw 71-I, 73-I, 75-I, 77-I
AiwsAU 69-I, 73-I
AiP 129-II, 137-II
AiPA 112-II
AixAS 2-III, 49-III, 86-I
AiPPj 32-III
AiPgP 25-III
AiPAiPA 33-III
AiPx 37-III
g
giU 188-III
gv 3-III
CAzs-6 485

gz zsAPg 187-III
g 98-II
gP 2-III, 12-III, 27-III
gPw 24-III
gPggP 23-III
gz 188-III, 194-III
gzgA 100-III

W 92-I, 126-I, 127-I
Wz 129-I
WZgu 20-II
Pt 41-I, 48-I, 90-III, 219-III
P 41-I, 90-III, 137, 138-III, 186-III, 168-III,
219-III
170-III
Pgz 109-I
PAiv 105-I

Q 52-II
PQ 53-II
Z 114-I
Zz 113-I, 118-I
U 31-II
U 37-II, 39-II
tZvA 144-II, 151-II
tvAi 144-II, 184-II
i 60-III
P 82-III
PmPg 149-I
486 PgdiU

P 136-III, 137-I
Pz 113-I
vA 31-III, 34-II
jvA 36-III
AiAi 36-III
AiAiw 55-II
AiAi 62-III
sQ 15-II, 114-I, 115-I, 121-I
s 4-III
APg 168-III
gP 22-III
gzvP 35-III
gzgP 19-III
gzx 69-I, 81-I, 83-I
gzs 3-III
gzszs 134-III
gzszs 75-III
AP 113-I
AP 138-I, 141-I
3-III, 60-II
t 122-I
tUt (-, CP- ) 27-II, 29-II
tgP 18-III
PP 31-III
s zAPg 120-III
27-II
11-II, 60-II, 94-II, 122-I
Azs 59-II, 100-II
gP 17-III
CAzs-6 487

A 95-I
APA 69-I
g 188-III
ggA 99-II, 189-III
vew 71-I
vP 100-III
w 101-II
wgP 38-II, 39-III
vzA 90-I
v 69-I
92-II
gP 14-III
dgP 26-III
dw 4-III, 160-III
w 4-III, 200-III

z 113-I
APg 3-II, 30-II, 48-II
Av 31-II, 35-II, 188-III, 197-III
Av 37-II
y 64-II, 66-II
yAzs 100-II
AUg 188-II, 192-III
AUg g 99-II
vz 62-I
wPA 62-I, 68-I
3-III
gP 21-III
P 102-III
488 PgdiU

108-III, 113-III
72-III

P 29-III, 30-III
AQt 3-III, 156-III
z 2-III
AiVv 95-III
Azs 83-III
A 98-I 54-II
Aw 152-III
Azs 56-II, 59-II
AiA 105-I
Ai gzA 105-I
gP 13-III
Av 26-I, 51-I, 55-I
v AiU 86-II
i 3-III, 58-I, 94-II, 95-II
iz 85-II, 87-II, 88-II
iQ 126-III
iv 54-II, 73-II, 75-II, 3-III
ivAPgt 123-III
UvA 31-II
39-II, 41-II
ZAi 113-I, 121-I, 131-I, 133-I
AAzsPg 34-II
Azs 23-II
AAiUPg 35-II
vsz 126-II
AAiiP 104-II
CAzs-6 489

AAi 70-II
Q 3-II, 154-III
P 94-II, 95-II
Ai gP 15-III
v z 128-III
Pig 54-II, 70-II
PigvgQ 99-II
Uv 105-I
UuA 186-III
gUu 142-I
P 3-III
PUvAPg 117-III
l 56-II
lAzs 57-II
mQ 99-II
s 52-II
s S 53-II

188-III, 196-III
g 100-II
P Az 88-III
P AUt 87-III
v 4-III
vgP 20-III
vQ 163-III
vP 105-III
P 143-II
* * * *
490 PgdiU

CAzs - 7
gU CPg
(zAi CAQ z JgqAi CAQ l
avz)

C
Ct 38-II, 40-II, 89-II, 91-II
CwAizs - 5-I, 153-II, 55-II, 148-I, 11-II,
106-III, 29-II, 24-I, 2-I
CvAi 42-II
Cwv P 2-I
Cggd 96-III
CW 1-III, 217-III
C 58-I
D
D 120-I
F
F (AiP) 96-III
G
Gvg 51-II
Gzg 54-II, 81-II, 79-II
GzgZjvzAi 17-II, 18-II, 228-II
M
MAPAz 37-I
MvAUgq 53-I
P
PtZg 105-I
CAzs-7 491

PAz 84-II
PAzPQq 99-I
P q 36-I, 46-II, 101-II
P qAU 46-I, 57-I
P 105-I
Pv 89-II, 91-II
PgdiU 150 ()-I 155()-II,
231 ()-III
Ps 31, 78-I
PPs 17-I, 95-II
P 19-I
Pg 129-I
Pg 4-I, 32-I, 155-II
PzAj 26-I
Pj 36-I
Pz 31-I
Q 37-I
PrAig 65-I
Pzg 120-I
P 6-II
PvP v 2-I
PvP vs 30-II
Pt 37-I
U
Uu 109-II
UAzsUw 107-I
Utj 31-I
Ug 49-I, 132-I, 133-I
Uzj 36-I
492 PgdiU

Z
Zvt 33-I, 35-I
ZAz 32-I
Z 35-I
agAvZg 27-I
ddmAi 194-II
dPv Ai 40-II
dP v 194-III
dAiAzs 29-I
eQ 130-II
gh
ghPv 40-II
v
vg 130-II
w 35-I
z
zQux 110-II
zQuAi 109-II
zz 93-II, 96-II
z 190-I
zv 29-I
zA 110-I
z 46-I
z 48-I, 50-I, 75-I

gv 82-I
gPZAz 23-I, 181-III
Ud 29-I
gAit 31-I
CAzs-7 493

vs 13-II
wgAvg 101-II, 149-I
vAU 1-I, 2-II, 153()-II, 207-III, 219-III,
224-III, 230-III, 231()-III
vAUz 45-II, 98-III, 107-II, 107-149-III,
147-I, 150()-I
4-II
Iv 96-III

Ugt 68-I
Arv 32-I, 113-I, 139-I, 140-I
gzg 65-I
giZAi 42-I
gzAi 155-III
Uq 48-I, 49-I
Uz 41-I
jev 102-I
g 65-I
qA 118-I
gtP 47-I, 51-II
gv PU 33-I
U 37-I
PU 143-II
ZAig 75-I
s
stx 132-I
stAiP 141-I

w 6-I
494 PgdiU

zAq 33-I, 34-I

s
sg 31-I

z 53-I
s 141-I
iW 31-I
igw 124-II
v 5-II
5-II
g 4-II
Ai
Ai 96-III
AiP 96-III
g
gWP 83-II, 96-II
gW 38-II
gt 189-III
g 110-I
g 4-III

Pt 96-II
Q 110-II
Qzsg 93-II
AP 190-III
P 37-I

g t 96-III
U 154-II
CAzs-7 495

Ai 96-III
jds 136-II
V 46-I
zAi 29-I
Pw 6-I
vgU 79-I
ggAit 2-I, 180-III
P 135-II

vR 38-II, 44-II
dAi 32-I, 150-I, 155-II, 131-III
wAiw 148-I

Av 57-I
Pz 41-I, 51-I, 58-I, 61-I, 117-I, 149-I
Ad (?) 66-I
gw 3-I
gw wxvg 225, 231()-III
vzv 189-I
g 128-I
g 142-I

Zjv 26-I
v 96-III

* * * *
500 PgdiU

CAzs - 9
1. z DwAi UAx It
(UAxAz PAiz j gqz R UAxU v
RU n.)
1. PgdiUA : (Published under Bibliothica Carnatica
Series under the Direction of B.L., Rice. C.I.F., M.R.A.A.
(1898); Edited, with introduction, by K.B. Pathak. B.A.,
Assitant to the Director of Archaelogical Researches in
Mysore.
2. PulP PgdiUA : Edited by A. Venkata Rau. B.A.,
L.T., Reader in Kanarese, University Oriental Research In-
stitute. Madras and Published by the University of Madras :
1930.
3. Kavyadarsa of Dandin : Sanskrit Text and English Traslation
by S.K. Belvalkar. M.A., Ph.D (1924).
4. P PA : (U gav) (.N..) wAi
zt
(1939) A. JA.J. AUAi, JA.J., .J.,
v JZ.Dg. gAU CAiAUg, JA.J.
5. tzt (Pgd) : (1) g|| Js. Qlgg
Az irz ztz vwAi Dw : Ae
AUgAijAz jvzz (1920) ; (2) PulP
v jv Pnz zt (1920) ; (3) ||
r.J. g A Z g g A z , g
PPiAi Pl (wAi zt : 1964).
6. tz
tz oAvgU : || r.P. g,
(Pq Azs A, zsgq, Cg Pl . 1951)
7. PulP A (smP APz Pv) (Bibliothica
CAzs-9 501

Carnatica Series) : (wAi zt : 1923) A: Dg.

g AZg.
8. Pq Pr : Al 1 (1936) v 2 (1947)
(g zAiz Plu).
9. PgdiU P - sU 1: AUv z Ai
wAi, AUg (1948).
10. PgdiU P - sU-2 (w : CPn v)
11. sgwAi PiA : | | w.A.PAoAi (g
zAiz Pl : 1953)
12. Pq PAPg : q|| P. Pw (g Pq
PPiAi Pl : z zt, 1955)
13. Pqz Pvv : q|| P. Pw (g Pq
PPiAi Pl : 1964)
14. PulP PZjv : (Al 1 v 2 : 1924) : Dg.
g AZg.
15. P q v Zjv : q|| gA. . U (G vi ,
g 1960).
16. Kavisvara's Kavirajamarga: J.F. Fleet (Indian Antiquary, Vol.
XXXIII, Oct. 1904). pp. 268 ff.
17. Amoghavarsha as a patron of letters : J.F. Fleet (Ibid, pp.
197 ff)
18. `PgdiUz UAxPv Aiig ?' - . .
gdgv (PlP v jvwP, A. 6-1 ;
d 1921)
18. `PgdiU Pjv `P 'z nt : J.Dg.
P (z PulP, A. 3-3)
20-21. `PgdiUz Pv
Aiig ?' - `v

g'
. . gdgv v n.J. APtAi (P...
wP, A. 7-18)
502 PgdiU

22. `vAU PgdiUz UAxPv ' - . .

gdgv (P. . . wP, A. 8-2, d 1923).
23. `vAU vZg' - A. UAz (P...
wP, A. 12-4).
24. `P qz
zg UA xU

gzg ?' - n.J. APtA i
(.P., A. 6, AaP).
25. PgdiU P, sU 1 : MAz P-gA. .
U (`zAd' : Ai wAi gP UAx,
1956 ; pp. 86ff.)
26. Karnataka Kavirajamargam (Review) -By 'S' (B.M. Srikantia)
(Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society, vol. 23-3, Jan.
1933).
27. `PgdiUz PgP Zg' : . P CAiAUg
(Pq r : A. 28-2, sj 1965).
28.(i) `PgdiUz P vU bAzU' : (ii)
PgdiUz Jgq vU
' : P.. vg PAi
(Pqr : A. 29-5, 1966 v A. 29-7,
d 1966)
29. PgdiUz giAit z U : JA.. vgAi
(P... wP : A : 51 rAg 1966).
30. PgdiU v Czg Pv ; JA. . vgAi
(P.. jw DA iz d 1967g irz w
e P PAi Cg zw G ;
CP n
v).
31. Avz s
dAigz ? - z.g. Az (v
Azs, . 109).
32. Sources of Karnataka History, Vol. I : Dr. S. Sreekantha
Sastry (1949).
33. PulP Zjv : q|| JA.. Pg (zQt s P
CAzs-9 503

AAi Pl).
34. Rashtrakutas of Malkhed : Dr. P.B. Desai Pl (?)
35. v : `ZA '. q|| gA. . U.

Evg AiP UAxU , RU

(1) Rashtrakutas and their times : A.S. Altekar, (2)

`PgdiUz P Aiig? - P. APlgAiiZg (f,
A. 15-9), (3) `PgdiUz a Pqz jZAi'
(gtv, A. 19-8), (4) `PgdiUz z it
v PAi ' - JA.f. APmAi (.P.A., 29-2,(5)
`gd PAi Dz v AU' - g. . A T (dAiAw,
Ag 1942).

2. QjAi DwAi Cs UAx a

1. dAiPv PgdiUA : A-J.. vgAi,

(PulP AW, Pj P Pd, AU g, 1968)
2. PgdiU : g alU (`Avg' 9
Al zsgq, 1972)
3. PgdiU jgz P q v : q|| JA.JA. PV
(PlP zAi, zsgq, 1973)
4. PgdiU P : z Ai wA i (VvP
, g, 1973)
5. PgdiU : PP gA g- 1 (A. . vgAi
L..Z. P, AUg, 1973)
6. U Pq v Zjv, x Al : (Pq CzsAi
PAz, AUg zAi, AUg, 1973)
504 PgdiU

3. FgV UAx-R a
(vgAi
g
``UA x It'' v ``Cs a''U
Png
DPgU l GzU FgU UP AgAv E
PqVz-AAidP)
1. PwU
1. PgdiUA : A-JA.. vgAi (r..P. w,
g, 1975)
2. PgdiUA : A- q|| P. P w (L..Z.
P, AUg, 1983)
3. PgdiUz zs AiAzA PgA : A - Ai. P
,
(z P ; AUg, 1994)
4. dAiPv PgdiUA - JA.. vvgAi
( U v iAi A Jgq UA xU
AAifv
Al, AAidP - q. . VvZg) .JA.. gP
w, A. 1994; .. 2006, v v.. 2010
(P...A.)
5. PgdiU AwP ST : A. q|| gv
vjPg, Pq .. A 2000
6. PgdiU v P qdUv P.. t, CPg P ,
Uq, Ug, 2000
2. RU
1. CAPg ZgU : - q|| .. PP ig, Pq
CzsAi AAi Pq v Zjv - A. 2, . 756-
571
2. F Pz sAi g : - q|| .. gdgv,
UPq v Zjv, A.-1, . 110-115.
3. JA... Cg PgdiU nt : - q|| r.J.
gAZg
4. Pqz DUAx PgdiU : n. Pl s , Gv,
CAzs-9 505

CPg-1965.
5. Pq vz ig : gdP vAU. -lUj
P, dAiAw, 15-11, 421-423.
6. Pqz PiU : - r.. Vjg, As,
. 301-303
7. PlP PgdiUA : -Pq v jvwP,
17-4, .361-364
8. PgdiUA : q|| .i. AiP, v ,
.138-141
9. PgdiUA : eU AUw, A. 5, . 171
10. PgdiUA : q|| . gt, Pq v : ZjwP
tU, . 64
11. PgdiU : P ZAzRg e. Pq P,
A-5, . 306
12. PgdiU : JA. jAi sl, AQ Pq v
Zjv, . 8-13
PgdiU, n.J. APtAi, CxzsP wP, 1-6
13. PgdiU : . , dAiPlP, 37-10
14. PgdiU : gA.. U, Pq v Zjv,
. 47-58
15. PgdiU : v.. g v JA. gegAi,
dAiAi Pq v Zjv, . 3-11
16. PgdiU JA... CA z Al, GzAis
P AW, A. P AzU- P. Ugd, Dz:
. 306-320
17. PgdiU UA xz Pv Aiig?: .. gdgv,
Ut, 25-3, . 82-100
18. PgdiU jgz P q v : JA.. vgAi,
P q r, 16-8.
506 PgdiU

19. PgdiU z P C bAzAzsU

-
q|| JA.. V, Azs, . 51-56
20. PgdiU P : Ai wAi, P q v
jvwP. 28-1
21. PgdiU P : .. , dAiPlP,
29-7
22. PgdiU : dAi Pvvz UU P -
JA.. vgAi, z PlP, 55-3. .92.,
23. PgdiUPg PAq PlP-r.JA. zAi,
z, 8-2, .2-9
24. Pgdi UP A P q v : q|| JA.
azAzw, PgdiU, sU-1, . 1-34.
25. PgdiUz CAPgAvgsz : .. e.
PlP Z, 4-2, . 60Ai
26. PgdiUz Pv : vg eVgzg, Pq
v jvwP, 47-2, .1-11.
27. PgdiUz Pv : f. APlAi, UPq
v Zjv, A.-1, . 79-85.
28. Pgdi Uz Pv Aii g? : J.Dg. P ,
zPlP, 4-1
29. PgdiUz P Aiig? : P. APlgAiiZAi,
vz , . 26-33.
30. PgdiUz P Aiig? : APlgAiiZAi. gv ,
f, 15-9, . 345-347
31. PgdiUz `ZP Azs' : P. APlgAiiZAi, v
s, . 47-54.
32. PgdiUz r t : . g.Q. vU ,
. 816-190
33. PgdiUz v Agt : J. gAUx,
Z, 1-2, . 38
CAzs-9 507

34. PgdiUz zit v PAi : JA.f.

APmAi, z PlP, 29-2, -5
35. PgdiUz g U Zg- Q, v,
() : JA.. vgAi, z PlP
36. PgdiUz Gzl s : JA.. vgAi,
zs, 4-2, . 31-42
37. PgdiUzg V
v : q|| JA.JA. PV,
U Pq v Zjv, A.1 . 64-70.
38. PgdiUzgV v PwU v UAxU
JZ.P. dAiz, U Pq v Zjv, A.-1, .
71-78
39. PgdiUz : JA.. vgAi, P zAi,
-89-120
40. PgdiUz : JA.. vgAi, Pq
v jvwP, 53, 1-2, . 51-69,
41. PgdiUz P rUg iU, .. g,
gtgd sU-1, . 51
42. PgdiUz Pg U

: .. PP ig, js,
. 5-10
43. PgdiUz PgP Zg : . P CAiAUg,
P q r, 28-2, . 14-16
44. PgdiUz PgP Zg : . P CAiAUg,
zs, 2-2, . 24-43.
45. PgdiUz P iA : JA.. vgAi,
U Pq v Zjv, A-1, . 86-99
46. PgdiUz Zjv, Pgt Avz ZgU:
q|| . NAPg, U Pq v Zjv, A-1,
. 100-109
508 PgdiU

47. PgdiUz a P qz jZAi: P. APmZAi,

gt v, 19, 8-9, . 432-439.
48. PgdiUz z i t v PAi z
i tz
gAgU Zg, JA.f. APmAi, z PlP,
29-2, . 83-91
49. PgdiUz g - MAz nt , JA.. vgAi,
z PlP, 53-1, . 135
50. PgP Zgz UU MAz Pgt : P.n. AqgAV,
zs, 2-3, . 52-55
51. P, Pv , Pw g

: JA.. vgAi, PgdiU,
sU-2, . 34-98, Pj P Pd, A. 1968
52. ZPwAi aP : .JA. PAoAi, P q r, 1-1,
.3.
53. e U PgdiU, -. , w,
6-4.
54. zsAi Pjv iUPg : -Ai. P,
zs, 5-4, . 98-103.
55. P qz Dz AiiPgt v AU : -.. eg,
dAiPlP, 33-1, .17-21. 65.
56. vAUszAi : JA.JA. PV, PlP sgw,
10-3, -135-137.
57. gv v PgdiU : JA.. vgAi,
P q v jvwP, 54-2
58. gv : gZ, J.J. go, PlP
sgw, 10-3. .40-54.
59. AiUAzg ? -.. PPig, zs, 1979,
55-6
60. gd, PAi Dz vAU: Dg.J. AZT,
dAiAw, 10-6, . 189-192.
CAzs-9 509

61. dAi: Dg. gAZg, PulP PZjv, A-1,

-14
62. dAi PgdiU : JA.. vgAi, v,
. 33-46
63. dAi `zs' - PAz: -Ai. P, Z, 2-1,
36
64. `dAi PgdiUA' - MAz gu: JA..
vgAi, zs, 5-1, 145.
65. s zgA dAiA : JA.. vgAi,
vf, . 57-78
66. Avzs
dAigz? : -z.g. Az, z
PlP, 19-1, 51-58.
67. P : . vgAi, PgdiU, sU-4,
142-159.

3. EAV RU
1. Kavirajamarga : A. R. Sharif, Mirror, November - 1984
2. Kavirajamargam : M.V. Seetharamaiah, 1992
3. Note on Nripatunga : M. Somashekara Sharma, JOR.,
UM XVIII
4. Nripatunga's Kavirajamarga : K. B. Pathak, J.B.B.R.A.S. XX
5. Nripatunga & The Authorship of Kavirajamarga : A. Reply
to Dr. Fleet., K.B. Pathak, J.B..B.R.A.S. XII - II P - 81
6. The Historical Improtance of Kavirajamarga :
M. V. Seetharamaiah, The Rashtrakutas of Malkhed
Ed. B.R. Gopal. The Mythic Society. 1994
7. The Kannada Language of Rastrakuta period and
Kavirajamarga : Dr. N. S. Taranath, The Rashtrakutas of
Malkhed, Ed. B.R. Gopal, The Mythic Society 1994.

****