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IS 13360 ( Part 3/Set 1 ) : 1995
IS.0 1183 : 1987
( Reaffirmed 2003 )
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Indian Standard
PLASTICS - METHODS OF TESTING
PART 3 PHYSICAL AND DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES
@ BIS 1995
NATIONAL FOREWORD
This Indian Standard which is identical with IS0 1183 : 1987 Plastics - Methods for determining
the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics, issued by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of
the Methods of Test for Plastics Sectional Committee and approval of the Petroleum, Coal and
Related Products Division Council.
The text of IS0 standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard without
deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards.
Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words International Standard appear referring to this standard, they should
be read as Indian Standard.
b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current
practice is to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.
In this adopted standard reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian
Standards also exist, The corresponding Indian Standard which is to be substituted in its place is
listed below along with its degree of equivalence for the edition indicated:
International Corresponding Degree of
Standard Indian Standard Equivalence
IS0 291 Plastics - Standard atmos- IS 196 : 1966 Atmospheric conditions Technically
phere for conditioning and testing for testing (revised) Equivalent
For tropical countries like India, the standard temperature and the relative humidity shall be taken
as 2722C and 65f5 percent respectively.
IS 13360 (Part 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1183 : 1987
- Method A
3 Definitions
Immersion method for plastics in a finished condition,
whether machined or otherwise formed (see 5.1.31, but not 3.1 density, er: The ratio of the mass of the sample to its
powders. volume V, (at the temperature tl, expressed in kilograms per
cubic metre, grams per cubic centimetre or grams per millilitre.
- Method B
Ordinarily, t will be one of the standard laboratory temperatures
Pyknometer method for plastics in the form of powder,
specified in IS0 291 (23 or 27 OC).
granules, pellets, flake or moulded articles reduced to small
particles.
3.2 relative density: The ratio of the mass of a given
- Method C volume of material at the temperature tl to that of an equal
volume of a reference material at the temperature t2; it is ex-
Titration method for plastics in forms similar to those re- pressed as relative density, at tl and t2 (symbol : di;) where t is
quired for method A, including pellets. the temperature, in degrees Celsius.
1.3 Often the density of plastics will depend upon the pS,,, is the density, in grams per cubic centimetre, of the
methods employed in the preparation of test specimens. When specimen, at temperature I,;
this is the case, precise details of the methods of preparation is the density, in grams per cubic centimetre, of water, at
QW.f*
shall be given; these are ordinarily included in the specifications temperature t2; values at some laboratory temperatures are as
for the material. follows :
1
IS 13360 (Part 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1183 : 1987
2 The following equivalent terms, based upon IS0 31-3, are given 5.1.3 Specimens
here for clarification. ,
Specimens may consist of films, sheets, tubes, moulded
Formul- objects, granules other than powder, or specimens taken from
English term French term Symbot Units
ation such forms with surfaces made smooth in an appropriate way
kg/n? to minimize the entrapment of air bubbles upon immersion in
density masse m
e glcrl9 the liquid. The specimen shall be of any convenient size to give
(massden&v) volumique v
g/ml adequate clearance between the speciment and beaker (a mass
of approximately 1 to 5 g is often convenient).
dimen-
relativedensity densiterelative d c
sionless
ma/kg 5.1.4 Procedure
v 1
specificvolume volumemessique v - = p crr?/g
m
ml/g 5.1.4.1 Weigh the specimen suspended with a wire of
diameter 0,125 mm or lessz).
Specimens which change in density during the test to suchan 5.1.4.3 Determine the density of immersion liquids other than
extent that it may exceed the accuracy required of the density water. Weigh the pyknometer (5.1.1.3) empty and then con-
determination shall be conditioned before measurement in ac- taining freshly distilled water at temperature t. Weigh the same
cordance with the applicable material specifications. When pyknometer, after cleaning and drying, filled with the immer-
changes in density with time or atmospheric conditions are the sion liquid (also at temperature t). Calculate the density Q,~ of
primary purpose of the measurements, the speciments shall be the immersion liquid, using the equation
conditioned as agreed upon by the interested parties.
mlL
e IL -- - x ew.t
mW
5 Methods where
mS,A @IL
5.1.1.3 Pyknometer, of, for exa,nple, 50 ml capacity, with es.1 =
mS.A - mS,IL
side-arm overflow capillary, for determining the density of the
immersion liquid when this liquid is not water. The pyknometer where
shall be equipped with a thermometer graduated in 0,l OC from
0 to 30 OC. ms A is the mass, in grams, of the specimens in air;
2
IS 13360 (Part 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 !I63 : 1967
ms ,L is the uncorrected mass, in grams, of the specimens then complete filling exactly to the limits of the capacity of the
in the immersion liquids; pyknometer with its contents. Wipe dry and weigh the
pyknometer with specimen and immersion liquid.
Q,~ is the density of the immersion liquid determined as in
5.1.4.3, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre or grams
5.2.4.2 Empty and clean the pyknometer. Fill it with boiled
per millilitre.
distilled water, removing air as above, and determine the mass
of the pyknometer and contents at the temperature of test.
NOTE - For specimens having a density less than that of the immer-
sion liquid, the test may be performed in exactly the same way as
described above, with the following exception : a sinker of lead or other 5.2.4.3 Repeat the process with the immersion liquid if an
dense material is attached to the wire, such that the sinker rests below immersion liquid other than water was used, and calculate its
the fluid level as does the specimen during immersion. The apparent density as specified in 5.1.4.3.
loss in mass Am of the sinker on immersion may be considered as a
part of the suspending wire; it should be subtracted from m6,tt in the
above equation. 5.2.4.4 Calculate the density of the specimen, es,[, usirrg the
equation
Thus,
%.A f&L
Qs.1 = msQIL
mS.A - %lL - Am) es,r =
mI - 2
(if no sinker is used, Am = 0)
where where
Am is the apparent loss in mass of the sinker on immersion in the m, is the mass, in grams, of liquid required to fill the
liquid. pyknometer;
For correction of buoyancy, see clause 6.
m2 is the mass, in grams, of liquid required to fill the
pyknometer containing the specimen;
5.2 Method 6
,Q,~ is the density of the immersion liquid determined as
5.2.1 Apparatus specified in 5.1.4.3, in grams per cubic centimetre.
5.3 Method C
5.2.1.2 Pan straddle or other stationary support.
5.3.1 Apparatus
5.2.1.3 Pyknometer (see 5.1.1.3).
5.3.1.1 Thermostatically controlled bath (see 5.1.1.4).
5.2.1.4 Liquid bath (see 5.1.1.4).
5.3.1.2 Glass cylinder, of capacity 250 ml.
5.2.2 Immersion liquids
5.3.1.3 Thermometer, graduated in 0.1 OC divisions, with a
See 5.1.2. range suitable for the test temperature used.
Specimens of powders, granules, pellets or flake shall be 5.3.1.5 Draw glass stirrers.
measured in the form in which they are received. Specimen
mass shall be in the range of 1 to 5 g.
5.3.1.5 Automatic burette, of capacity 25 ml, graduated in
0,l ml and kept in the thermostatically controlled bath
5.2.4 Procedure (5.3.1.1).
5.2.4.1 Weigh the pyknometer (5.2.1.3) empty and dry. 5.3.2 Immersion liquids: Two miscible freshly distilled
Weigh a suitable quantity of the plastic material in the liquids of different densities. The densities given for various
pyknometer. Cover the test specimen with immersion liquid liquids in the table in the annex may serve as an appropriate
(5.2.2) and remove all air from the specimen by placing the guide.
pyknometer in a desiccator and applying a vacuum. Break the
vacuum and fill the pyknometer with the immersion liquid. The liquid or solution with which the specimen comes into con-
Bring it to constant temperature in the liquid bath (5.2.1.4) and tact during the measurement shall have no effect on the speci-
3
IS 13360 (Part 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1183:1987
men and shall not be absorbed by the specimen in any signifi- 5.4.1.2 Thermostatically controlled bath (see 5.1.1.4).
cant quantity.
4
IS 13360 (Part S/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1183 : 1987
Progress may be followed by dropping the float into the test the liquid to the gradient tube, Fill the tube to the top gradua-
solution at intervals and noting the changes in its rate of sink- tion desired. (See note 2.1
ing.
Allow the density gradient column so prepared to settle for at
least 24 h.
5.4.4.1.3 Determine the density of each standard glass float
prepared as above by placing the float in a solution of two
NOTES
suitable liquids (5.4.21, the density of which can be varied over
the desired range by the addition of either liquid to the mixture. 1 Calculate the density p2, of the liquid in vessel2 (seathe figure), us-
If the float sinks, add the denser liquid, stirring it well. Allow the ed to preparea desiredgradient, using the equation
solution to rest and add no further liquid until the float shows 2 fernax - @min)V2
@2 = &lax -
signs of moving. If it does move, repeat the above procedure V
until the float remains stationary for at least 30 min. It is conve- where
nient to make these measurements in the bath (5.4.1.21 at the
emin is the lower limit of required density, chosen to be 0.01 g/ml
same temperature as is used for the density gradient tube. In
lighter than the density of the least dense glass float calibrated for
any case, the solution for calibration of the floats shall be main-
the indivisual gradient tube;
tained at I f 0.1 C where t is 23 or 27 OC.
ema,, is the upper limit of required density and starting density for
the liquid in vessel 1, chosen to be 0,005 g/ml heavier than the
5.4.4.1.4 Determine the density of the solution, to the nearest density of the densest glass float calibrated for the individual
0,000 I g/ml, in which the float remains in equilibrium, using gradient tube;
the pyknometer method (see 5.1.4.3) or other convenient V is the total volume required in the gradient tube;
method, for example, with hydrometers. Apply the buoyancy
V2 is the volume of the starting liquid in vessel 2.
correction (see clause 61 if necessary. Record this density as
the density of the float and repeat the procedure for each float. 2 Preparation of a suitable gradient column may require 1 to lf h or
If it is convenient to place all floats in the liquid together, then longer, depending upon the volume required in the gradient tube.
calibrate them in turn; starting with the least dense.
5.4.4.2.3 For every 25 cm of tube length, dip a minimum of
Alternatively, calculate the density of the liquid mixture in five clean calibrated floats spanning the effective range of the
which the float remains stationary from the volumes of liquids column into the less dense liquid used in the preparation of the
used, taking care to apply corrections for fluid contractions. gradient column, and add them to the tube. If it is observed
that the floats group together and do not spread out evenly in
5.4.4.2 Preparation of density gradient column the tube, discard the solution and repeat the procedures.
a) be monotonic;
5.4.4.2.2 Any of several methods for preparing the gradient
may be used, including the following :
bl have no discontinuity;
Assemble the apparatus as shown in the figure, using two
cl have not more than one point of inflection.
vessels of the same size. Then select an appropriate amount of
two suitable liquids which previously have been carefully de-
The solution shall otherwise be discarded.
aerated by gentle heating or application of a vacuum. The
volume of liquid used in the mixer (vessel 2 in the figure) shall
NOTE - Density gradient columns normally remain stable for several
be equal to at least one-half of the total volume desi;dd in the
months. A daily check of the original calibration will reveal when in-
gradient tube (see note Il.
stabilitv has been reached.
5
IS 13380 (Par? 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1183 : 1987
6.4.4.4
The densities
Calculations
(1 + orE1,2- y: 2
>
or by calculation from the levels to which they settle, as follows : where
a) Make a plot of float density versus float position on a mAPP is the apparent mass;
chart large enough to be read accurately to fO,OllO 1 g/ml
and f ? mm. Plot the positions of the specimens on the es, is the density of the specimen;
chart and mad their corresponding den&ii, or
eL is the density of the weight used.
b) Calculate the density ~g,~ of the spscirnen by interpola-
tion, using the equation
x is the distance of the specimen above an arbitrary b) complete identification of the material tested;
level;
c) the method used (A, B, C or D);
y and z are the distances (measured from the same
arbitrary level) of the two standard floats. dl the individual values and the arithmetic mean of the
density (QS,, or Q~,.J, in kilograms per cubic metre, grams
NOTE - This method doea not reveal calibration errors, which can ba per cubic centimetre or grams per millilitre, where t is the
detected with the graphical method, and may be applied only when the temperature of the test, or the relative density fd$ and the
calibration is known to be linear within the range under teat. identity of the reference substance.
IS 13360 (Part 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1183 : 1987
Vessel 1 (mixer)
Magnetic stirrer Y
Column tube
7
IS 13360 (Part 3/Set 1) : 1995
IS0 1163 : 1967
Annex
,
System Density range
g/ml
Density
n-Octane 0.70
Dimethylformamide (-4%
Tetrachlorethane 159
8
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