Kinetika Pertumbuhan

Agroindustri Produk Fermentasi

Kompetensi yang Diharapkan

Menguasai kinetika pertumbuhan

mikroorganisme sehingga tepat penerapannya
untuk operasi industri fermentasi secara batch,
kontinyu dan fed-batch.
Menguasai kinetika pertumbuhan
mikroorganisme sehingga tepat penerapannya
untuk operasi industri fermentasi produk
metabolit primer, metabolit sekunder, biomassa
sel, dan produk biotransformasi.

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 Microbial Growth

Microbial Cell Growth

Mode of Growth
Selective assimilation of nutrients and
convert into and also include Chemical
rearrangement of protoplasmic material
characteristic of the particular organism
Production of an increased amount of
nuclear substance and cell division

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Growth Phase

Growth Phase

Induction Phase (Lag Phase)

Transient Phase (Acceleration Phase)
Exponential Phase
Stationary Phase (Declining Phase)
Death Phase

3
Question Sheet

Why microbial growth have an lag phase?

Why death phase could be occurred in microbial
growth?
What is essential nutrient for growth of organism
especially prokaryotes?
What is important factor for cell division?

Growth Approximation

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Growth Constants
Exponential Stationary Growth Phase
Total Biomass Production(G)
G (Xm Xi )
Incident growth rate, Incident mean division rate ()
ln XX2 1 dX
1

t t X dt
2 1
Specific growth rate, Beginning mean division rate ()
1 dX
lim
t 0 X dt
Doubling time of population (D); exponential growth phase
ln 2
D

Classical Growth Kinetics

Empirical Approximation
s

Monod Growth Kinetic
s s

Tessier Growth Kinetic 1 e s / K s

1 Ks s
1
Moser Growth Kinetic

s
Contois Growth Kinetic
B X s

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 Empirical Growth Kinetics
Medium constituent Inhibition
Andrews Growth Kinetic
s

s
2
K
Ks s

i
Aiba Growth Kinetic
s Kp

K s s K p p

Growth Kinetics
Multiple essential nutrient

Bailey Growth Kinetic

s1 s2 s3
...
K s1 s1 K s 2 s2 K s 3 s3

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Home Work

Which kinetic approximation do you choose in case of

microbial growth of Hepatotoxin produced Oscilatoria
Agardhii NIVA CYA 97 in low temperature?
Which empirical equation that you choose of inoculation
of microorganism in case of multiple content limitation of
nutrients, such as Mg2+, phosphate, Nitrate and organic
compound?
Which kinetic approximation do you choose of
cultivation photosynthetic microorganism that did not
grew up in pH above 7.8?

Simple Bio-Production Kinetic

Cellular growth rate dX
Monod approximation X

s dt
dX s X
s s
Yield factor dt Ks s

YX / s
X dXdt P dPdt
YP / X
s dsdt X dXdt
Substrate Utilization
ds s X

Product Formation dt Y X / s K s s
(Beginning of Stationary Phase)
dP s X
YP / X
dt Ks s

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 Environmental
Alteration Studies

Microbial Growth Kinetic

Enviromental Condition
Direct Effects
Light Illumination (Energy Source)

Temperature

Essential nutrients content

Indirect Effects
Gas inlet volumetric rate

Gas inlet content

Liquid circulation rate

Non essential nutrients content

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 Light Illumination Effect
Oscillatoria agardhi Gomont
(Post AF, R de Witt, LC Mur, J. Plank. Res., 7 (1985) 487-495)

Temperature effect
Modified Arhenius Model
T
Ae Ea / RT

Sd H d
1 e
T R R

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Temperature Effect
Classification of Microorganism

Question Sheet

What is happen if microorganism is at 90oC? Why?

In case of decreasing of temperature about 20oC from
optimum temperature, what is happen in case of microbial
growth rate?
In case of ethanol production that was S. sake have
ethanol tolerance around 10%, what do you do to make an
whisky industry?
Why a shade microbe does not grew well in high light
illumination and commonly have not high temperature
resistance?

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Temperature Effect
Cellular Consideration
Psychrophile
Obligate
Protococcus Agardh SS 100-3
Oscillatoria redekei Van Goor
Oscillatoria sp. SS 100-5
Facultative
Anabena cylindrica Lemmerman
Oscillatoria Agardhi Gomont
Nostoc commune Antartica
Mesophile
Synechococcus leopoliensis
Anabaena variabilis IAM M3
Microcystis Aeruginosa IAM M228
Thermophile
Mastigocladus laminosus HTF
Synechococcus lividus OH75S
Synechcocus elongatus It 7S

Home Work

Why optimum specific growth rate values of

psychrophile factually, lower than thermophile?
Why GC content of microbial DNA is important
for classification of organism in terms of growth
rate dependence on temperature?
What is DBI?

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 Microbial Kinetic Studies

Non Elementer Reaction

Common reaction rate

ds
k sn

dt
N = integer Elementer
N = non integer Non Elementer
Non Elementer Example :

CH 3CHO CH 4 CO
d CH 3CHO
k CH 3CHO 2
3

dt
H 2 Br2 2HBr d Br2 k1 'Br2 2 H 2
3

dt [ HBr ] k 2 'Br2

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 Reaction Mechanism

2 NO 2 H 2 N 2 2 H 2O
k1
2 NO N 2O2
k2 k1

N 2 O 2 H 2 N 2 H 2 O2
k3
H 2 H 2 O2 2 H 2 O
N 2O2 / H 2O2
d H 2O2 k 2 N 2 O 2 H 2 k 3 H 2 O 2 H 2 0 H 2 O 2 k 2 N 2 O 2
0 k3
dt
d N 2O2
N 2O2 k1 NO
2
0 k1 NO k1 N 2O2 k2 N 2O2 H2 0
2

dt k 1 k 2 1 H 2
d N 2 k1 NO 2 H k1 k2 NO 2 H 2
k 2 N 2O2 H 2 k 2
k 1 k 2 1 H 2 1 H 2
dt 2
k 1 k 2

Question Sheet

What is mechanism path?

What definition of intermediate species?
What was become determining factor of reaction
rate?

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 Microbial Growth
Enzymatic Reaction/Kinetic consideration
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
Reaction mechanism k2
k1
E S ES ES P E
Kinetic equation k1
s

Km s
Substrate Actvation and Inhibition
Reaction mechanism
k1 k2 k3

Kinetic equation
E S ES ES S ES 2 ES P E
k 1
s
k 2

K m s s 2 / Ki
Product Activation and Inhibition
Reaction mechanism
k2
ES P E
k1 k3
E S ES ES P ESP
Kinetic equation k 1 k 3
sKp

K s s K p p

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

Reaction mechanism
k1 k2
E S ES ES P E
Kinetic derivation k 1

E0 E ES ES 0 0
d
dt
ES 0
d
dt ES k1 S E k 1 k 2 ES
ES k1
S E
k1
S E0 ES
k 1 k 2 k 1 k 2

ES Ek0 S k
S 1 2
k1
k2 E0 S dtd P max S
d
P k 2 ES
dt
k k S Km
S 1 2
k1

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