[IMMUNOLOGY] July 20, 2010

TOLL LIKE RECEPTORS

Derived from the Greek word, Toll meaning : Weird or Wizard
Discovered in Drosophila
Kind of Pattern Recognition Receptor ( PRR )
Innate Immune System
A pattern recognition pattern and acting as signal receptor and anchored in
the membrane of the innate immune cells
First reported in Drosophila where it was found that TLR ─ ( mutant
Drosophila for TLR )shows improper development during embryonic stages
which is called ‘weird’ or ‘toll’
It was later on reported that the weird development in Drosophila was due to
the infection of Aspergillus fumigates as these were TLR ─
Around 12 different TLR are reported in human, out of which TLR 1, 2, 4
and 6 forms dimer for efficient transduction of signal

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 [IMMUNOLOGY] July 20, 2010

VARIOUS TLR AND THEIR LIGAND (PAMP of Ag) RECOGNITION

Receptor Recognizes
1 TLR 1 Triacyl lipopeptides of Mycobacterium
2 TLR 2 Peptidoglycan
3 TLR 3 ds RNA of virus (e.g. Wound Tumour virus )
4 TLR 4 LPS
5 TLR 5 Flagellin
6 TLR 6 Zymosan of most fungi and diacyl lipopeptides of most bacterium
7 TLR 7 Recognizes ssRNA
8 TLR 8 ssRNA
9 TLR 9 Glycoprotein and also observed to respond against HIV
10 TLR 10 Unknown
11 TLR 11 Unknown
12 TLR 12 Unknown

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM BY TLR

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 [IMMUNOLOGY] July 20, 2010

TRAF- Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factor

TAK – Transforming Growth Factor Beta Activated kinase
IKK – Inhibitor kappa-B Activating kinase
NF- kB – Nuclear Factor Kappa B
MAP –k – Mitogen Associated Protein kinase
I-kB- Inhibitor kappa B

It has been observed that NF-kB causes transcription activation of

diptericin coding gene which gives defense against gram negative ,
hence possible upon TLR 4 signalling

Nb. Most important matters are labeled red. Do not skip them during your final preparation

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