Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 12

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

In an ecosystem course consists of various types of communities that make


up the components of biotic and abiotic. One element of community is
vegetation. Vegetation is a collection of plants usually consist of some kind of
living together in one place. In the mechanism of the joint life there are good
close interaction amongst individuals vegetation component itself and with
other organisms making a living system and growing and dynamic (Odum,
1994).
Methods point centered quarter (PCQ) is a method that is widely used
for a range of trees and shrubs. The parameters used are the frequency, density
and dominance. The number of individuals in an area can be determined by
measuring the distance between the individual plants with the sampling point.
Sampling point is the point in the transect line, at that point divided into four
quadrants, each individual plant closest distance to the sampling point
(Rohman. 2004).
methods point centered quarter (PCQ) is one of the methods without
plot. The advantage of using the method without the plot than the standard
plot-based techniques is that the method of point centered quarter (PCQ) tend
to be more efficient. Without plot method is faster to perform, requiring
relatively little equipment, so it requires little labor (Mitchell, 2007).

1.2 Problem Formulation


Based on the background described above, the following formulation of the
problem presented in the paper.
1. How plant species live in forests Malabar?
2. How Important Value Index (IVI) each plant species in a vegetation using the
point centered quarter in the woods Malabar?
3. How does the influence of abiotic factors on the dominance of plants in the forest
Malabar?
1.3 Objectives
Based on the formulation of the problem that has been described, the
following is presented the purpose of writing a paper.
1. Knowing the type of plants that live in hutn Malabar.
2. Knowing the Importance Value Index (IVI) each plant species in a vegetation
using the point centered quarter in Malabar forest.
3. Knowing the influence of abiotic factors on the dominance of plants in the forest
Malabar.

1.4 Benefits
Benefits of this practicum can be stated as follows:
1. To develop students' ability to determine the vegetation analysis
using the PCQ.

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Vegetation is a collection of plants, usually consisting of several types of
living together in one place. In the mechanisms of life together are close
interactions, both amongst individuals vegetation component itself and with other
organisms making a living system and growing and dynamic (Syafei, 1990)

Vegetation, soil and climate are closely linked and in every place has a
specific balance. Vegetation somewhere will vary with vegetation elsewhere
because of its different environmental factors. The forest vegetation is something
dynamic system, always evolving in accordance with the state of the habitat.

Tjitrosoepomo (2004), stated that the analysis of plant communities is a way


of studying the arrangement or composition or structure of the type and form of
vegetation. In forest ecology, vegetation units are studied or investigated in the
form of plant community is a concrete association of all the species of plants that
occupy a habitat. Therefore, the objectives to be achieved in a community analysis
is to determine the species composition and community structure in an area being
studied.

Point center quarter method is a method to use to distance many trees and
shrubs. The parameters used are the frequency, density and dominance. The
number of individuals in an area can be determined by the density and dominance.
The number of individuals in an area dpat determined by measuring the distance
of individual plants with the sampling point. Sampling point is the point in the
transect line, at that point divided by four quadrants, each of which contained
individual plants closest distance to the sampling point (Mitchell, 2007).

Quadrant method or "Point-Centered Quarter Method" is one method of


distance (Distance Method). This method does not use sample plot (plotless) and
generally used in the analysis stage vegetation tree or pole (pole). But can also be
equipped with saplings (mutual or belta) and seedlings (seedling) if you want to
observe the vegetation structure tree. Plant a tree is 20 cm, diameter of 10-20 cm
is piling, diameter <10 cm and height of trees> 2.5 m is the stake, as well as tree
height <2.5 m is tillers. Terms implementation quadrant method is the distribution
of tree or pole to be analyzed must be random and not clumped or uniform.
Additionally vegetation analysis can be done by observing the external
appearance or a general idea of the existence of such vegetation regardless of the
kinds of plants that make up the vegetation. Such activity is commonly known as
the study of non-floristic vegetation physiognomy. So in this case knowledge of
the taxonomy of the types of plants vegetation component is necessary, but the
depiction of the vegetation may be based on forms of life (life-form of herbs,
shrubs and trees). Besides, the study of vegetation attention taxonomy plant
species as components of the vegetation is a floristic study (Rohman, 2001).

Method of non-floristic approach is one method of analysis, vegetation by


observing the external appearance or general description of vegetation or plants
with regardless of taxonomy (Syafei, 1990). In the method of non-floristic
analysis of vegetation each plant characteristic properties are divided into more
detailed expressed through symbols, images and fonts. Characteristics and
formation of vegetation would be different if it is in different habitats. It is
strongly influenced by environmental factors and microclimates prevailing in a
particular habitat. Therefore, measurement of important environmental factors are
also conducted to assess a vegetation that live in a particular habitat. Specificity of
the landscape greatly affect vegetation types as he topped the tropical rain forest,
savanna, praire, cactus in the desert, and so forth. Landscape characteristics also
affect different life forms (Syafei, 1990).
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

3.1 Place and Time Event


Venue: Forest City Malabar, Jln. Malabar Malang
Time: Thursday On March 9, 2017 At 7:00 a.m. to 10:25

3.2 Tools and


Tools Materials:
1. meter roll
2. meter of fabric
3. clinometer
4. compass crosshairs
5. stationery
6. raffia
7. camera
8. Termohigrometer
9. SoilTermo
10. Soil analyzer

Material:
1. Plastic bags
2. Paper label

3.3 Practical Method


PracticumPoint Method Fitness Squares (PCQ) were calculated using a
plot, a total of five plots, each plot four points.

3.4 Procedure Practical


1. Determined observation sites in the form of complex
vegetation.
2. Determined specified center point of observation.
3. Prepared clinometer and roll meter.
4. Created quadrant with 5x5 m, a total of 5 plots without
spacing between plots.
5. Wanted tree has a circumference of at least 30 cm and
located closest to the center point of the transect made earlier in all
four quadrants.
6. Tree circumference measured parallel to the observer's
chest using a roll meter.
7. The observer's height measured from the eye to foot
8. the distance is measured from the center of the tree.
9. Analysts distance measured against a tree.
10. Elevation angle is determined by using a clinometer.
11. Measured abiotic factors of each plot.
12. Calculated variables: the relative density, relative
dominance, relative frequency, an important value.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS

Centered QUARTERPOINT

Plots Quarter Distance Plant Diameter Circumfe- Tree


(cm) Name (cm) rence of Height
tree (cm) (m)
1 1 250 Polyalthi 9,872611 31 4,41
a
longifoli
a
2 0 - 0 0 0
3 185 Polyalthi 9.55414012 30 5,51
a 7
longifoli
a
4 127 Polyalthi 11.78343949 37 5,63
a
longifoli
a
2 1 0 - 0 0 0
2 0 - 0 0 0
3 0 - 0 0 0
4 300 Nepheli 22.9299363 72 6,32
um 1
lappace
um
3 1 190 Polyalthi 19.7452229 62 7,8
a 3
longifoli
a
2 0 - 0 0 0
3 190 Polyalthi 20.3821656 64 7,83
a 1
longifoli
a
4 360 Ceiba 87.5796178 275 20,73
pentandr 3
a
4 1 0 - 0 0 0
2 270 Terminal 19.1082802 60 14,03
ia 5
catappa
3 0 - 0 0S 0
4 170 Terminal 11.78343949 37 10,23
ia
catappa
5 1 0 - 0 0 0
2 240 Terminal 29.2993630 92 13,9
ia 6
catappa
3 0 - 0 0 0
4 0 - 0 0 0
CHAPTER V
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Analysis

Plant Name Relative Relative Relative Indeks Rangk


density Dominansi Frekuensi Nilai
Penting
Ceiba 10S 71,742 16,667 98,409 1
pentandra
Polyalthia 40 7,982 33,333 81,315 2
longifolia
Terminalia 10 12,743 33,333 76,077 3
catappa
Nepheliu 20 7,532 16,667 44,199 4
m
lappaceu
m

Based on table above, it can be seen that that has the highest IVI is a species
Ceiba pentandra of 98.409. In the second rank, Namely Polyalthia longifolia
with IVI amounted to 81.315. In third place is the species Terminalia catappa
with an IVI of 76.077 while the last rank is a species Nephelium lappaceum
with an IVI of 44.199.

Dicussion

Based on the analyzed data above, it was known that the highest INP is
owned by Ceiba pentandra, 98,40897305. Ceiba pentandra was found in the 3rd
plot on the 4th quandrant. In this plot the abiotic of soil temperature reaches
23,5oC, fertility too little, light intensity 5, pH 7, soil moisture dry, air temperature
26oC, and air moisture 63%. These data indicates that Ceiba pentandra preferes a
mid-temperate environment, with adquate light, and neutral environment, this fact
is suitable with Browns (2012) theory. It was caused sice this cultivated widely
spread in tropical region between 16oN and 16oS can grow on variety of soils,
from sand to caly soils, slightly acidic to neutral soil, also tolerate drought and for
shorter periods temperature below zero (Joker, 2000)

INP of an organism represent the role of their existance in a community.


The bigger the INP, the bigger its role in the community (Kurniawan and
Parikesit, 2008). So, Ceiba pentandra plays a major role in the Malabar Forest.
The INP according to the data shows that the INP has a significat difference from
each other. This significant differences indicate the low vegetation diversity in an
ecosystem and an unwell-developed environment (Kurniawan and Parikesit,
2008). Even Ceiba pentandra was only found as a single individual, it has the
highest INP, in contrast the abbundant of Salix babylonica has the lowest INP.
This case is mainly cuades by the morphological characteristic of the vegetation
itself. Ceiba pentandra has a big figure, highly growth, dan able to cover its
surrounding with its leaves. This kind of morphological characteristic absolutely
hold the key function in the community, in consequence high INP.
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSIONS

1. Ceiba pentandra holds a key role in the community.

2. The higher the INP its role in the community.


Bibliography

Brown, Stephen H. 2012. Fact sheet : Ceiba petandra. University of Florida

Joker, Dorthe. Rodolfo, Salazar. 2000. Seed Leaflet : Ceiba petandra. Denmark :
CATIE

Kurniawan, A. Dan Parikesit, 2008. Persebaran Jenis Pohon di Sepanjang Faktor


Lingkungan di Cagar Alam Penamnjung Pangandaran. Jawa Barat

Mitchell, Kevin. 2007. Quantitative Analysis by the Point-Centered Quarter


Method. NewYork: Hobart and William Smith Colleges.
Rohman, Fatchur. 2001. Petunjuk Praktikum Ekologi Tumbuhan. Malang: FMIPA
UM.
Syafei, Eden Surasana. 1990. Pengantar Ekologi Tumbuhan. ITB: Bandung.
Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 2004. Taksonomi tumbuhan Spermatophyta.
Yogyakarta: UGM.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi