*  *
.*
  !" #
1:

:
(4.2 E
r , r : E ) (A,B
E r
1 (3 E : I
) '(E E

Pg = E. : (1.3 (1.1 :
'r + r

UPN = E- = UPN UPN = E
): rI E+rI
-1 A B (2.1 :
C = UPN = UPN UAB= E-
NH3 CH3COO- NH4+ CH4 HSO4- OH- H2O I- rI- E E+rI rI
(3.1 :
'E + E E ' E 'E E
=I =I =I
'r + r r '+ r 'r + r
-2 3 -
) (
(2 E.
(1.2 )(A,B
................................................:
-3 : (2.2
CH3COOH + H2O+. :
2 2 2
PTh= (r+r) I PTh= (r +r ) I PTh= (r+r)2I
H2PO4- +.......... 2-
HPO4 + H2O
(3.2 :
PT = E.I+(r+r) I2 PT =( E+E).I PT = E.I
 -1.2.2 1 -
-1 : 
.  .
-2.2.2 2
.

.
.

.
-3.2.2 BH =2.10-5T :
.
B0 . -2 :
: b1 R1 =10cm N1=100
b2 N =100 . l=50 cm -4.2.2 -2.1
: . I2 u0=4 ii .10-7:
= I. -2.1

0 N .I 0. N .I
=B =B
2R l
:
: -2.2
(1 ...............: : :
MnO4-/Mn2+ ..............................
(2 ..............................
ClO-/Cl2 ...............:
(3 ..............................
MnO4- Cl2 ..............................