Lighting/Sound

Electricity
Static- doesnt move
Current- moving from one place to another
These power pretty much everything
Electricity in a battery is potential energy
ON/OFF switch is called a circuit breaker to save our life/house
Conductors and Insulators
EMF- Electro-Motive Force (VOLTAGE)
Measured in VOLTS (V)
Doesnt go anywhere, need current
Current measured in AMPS (A)
Electrical power measured in WATTS (W)
W= V x A
W= 120 x A
DC or AC (Direct Current or Alternating Current)
Safety Tips
1. Dont touch what you dont know
2. Use tools covered in plastic and rubber
3. Use wood or fiberglass ladders
4. Disconnect devices from the circuit before working on it (or break the
circuit)
5. Dont touch bare wires
6. Dont work in damp environment or with water around you
7. Dont bypass circuit wires or ground plugs (the 3 rd prong)
8. Check cables before installation
9. Keep cables and connectors clean
10.When cables arent in use coil them up and tie them
11.Pull the body of the cable not the wire
12.All elements of a cable need to have the same electrical rating
ERS (Leko)
Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight
5, 10, 19, 26, 36, 50, 70, 90
Use 26 most in this theatre due to placement of Heaven
The workhorse of lights
Beam is naturally round, so the shutters can make it into any shape with 4
edges
The distance between the light and the lens is called the focal length
The longer the focal length the narrower the beam of light
Fresnel (500 w)
3 (inkies), 6 (studio theatre front light), 10, 12
Mostly used for back or top light
No shutters, so you can only adjust its flood or spot
All the way down is as big as it will go
Same as lighthouse lens

PAR Can (1000 w)

Lighting/Sound

Used to be the workhorse of rock n roll

Really cheap light
Very narrow, narrow, medium, wide, extra wide flood
The same as car headlights (60s)
Source 4 uses all the same lamps (HPL) which is the exception
575 or 750 watt lights
These lamps are oval rather than circular so you can rotate the bottle
S4 PARNel
Mostly circular
Is an attempted combo of the PAR and Fresnel

Sound
Sound is like a chainlink
Travels through the system (mic) changed to an electrical signal, then back to
soundwaves
Source - mic, CD, iPhone
Mixer - sends the sound to the right place at the right volume (several
inputs can play simultaneously, at different set sound levels)
Amplification - have to put the sound through an amplifier to boost so
that something can be done with the sound (with the mixer, except in
a theatre setting)
Output - a way for the sound to get out of the system so people can
hear it (speakers)
Mics, $10-$10,000 and anywhere in between, buy or rent as high level as you
can afford
Dynamic- steel cage mics that are pretty durable, with a diaphragm
that is protected, for voices
Condenser- very not durable with an electric field that always needs
power, for instruments
How to keep mics happy: turn them on, use balanced mic lines
(XLR), dont run cords next to anything that is electrical (fridge,
fluorescent lights, etc), never blown into a mic, talk a hands width
away (dont eat the mic), dont point the mic at a speaker
Feedback- the audio version of a short circuit, deal with it right away
(bring down volume of mic, stay away from speakers, dont lay cable
near other electrical equipment), starts softly