Statistics Activity

This activity has two parts. The first part involves matching statistical
analyses terms and definitions from Chapters 19 & 20. The second part
involves problem solving of basic statistical problems. [One person in the
group can write the answers in and then scan/save/upload to the discussion
forum]

Part I
Matching. Match the term on the left with a definition from the right.

Chapter 19
Term Definition
1. Range A. failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is
false
2. Mode B. mathematical formulas that test the hypotheses
based on three assumptions: 1) samples come
from populations that are normally distributed,
2) there is homogeneity of variance, and 3) data
generated from the measures are interval level
3. Variance C. rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
4. Mean D. estimate range of values in which an unknown
population parameter is likely to exist
5. Type I error E. point in a distribution at which 50% of the cases
fall above and 50% below
6. Statistic F. number derived from a mathematical procedure
as part of the analytical process in
experimental-type research
7. Type II error G. type of statistic to draw conclusions about
population parameters, based on findings from
a sample
8. Interquartile range H. difference between the highest and lowest
observed value in a collection of data
9. Dispersion I. set of procedures designed to identify
relationships between multiple variables
10. Descriptive Statistics J. distribution of values for a given variable and
the number of times each value occurs
11. Associational K. average score calculated by adding the objects
Statistics or items and then dividing the sum by the
number of objects or items.
12. Parametric Statistics L. indicator of the average deviation of scores
around the mean
13. Median M. summary measure, such as range or standard
deviation, that describes distribution of
observed values
14. Standard Deviation N. probability that defines how rare or unlikely the
sample data must be before the researcher can
reject the null hypothesis
15. Non-Parametric O. value that occurs most frequently in a data set
Statistics
16. Confidence Interval P. formulas used to test hypotheses when 1)
normality of variance in the population is not
assumed, 2) homogeneity of variance is not
assumed, 3) data generated from measures are
ordinal or nominal, and 4) sample sizes may be
small
 17. Inferential Statistics Q. procedures used to reduce large sets of
observations into more compact and
interpretable forms
18. Levels of Significance R. descriptive statistic for interpreting variability;
derived by squaring the difference between
each score from the mean, which are then
summed
19. Sum of Squares S. reflects the mean or average of the sum of
squares
20. Frequency T. usually represented as percentage, the
Distribution probability value associated with a confidence
interval
21. Confidence Level U. measure of variability in experimental-type
research that refers to the range of scores that
compose the middle 50% of subjects, or the
majority of the responses

Chapter 20
1. triangulation A. term used in naturalistic inquiry to refer to the
accuracy of interpretation or how closely the
analytical scheme reflects the natural context
or focus of the investigation
2. constant comparison B. use of multiple strategies or methods as a
means to strengthen credibility of an
investigators findings related to the
phenomenon under study
3. categories C. truthfulness and accuracy of findings in
naturalistic inquiry
4. truth value D. naturalistic data analysis technique in which
each datum is compared and contrasted with
previous information to fit all the pieces
together inductively into a bigger puzzle
5. taxonomic analysis E. analytical process used in naturalistic inquiry in
which the investigator identified patterns and
topics from which a theme is derived
6. interpretation F. point at which an investigator has obtained
sufficient information from which to obtain an
understanding of the phenomena
7. saturation G. analytical step in naturalistic inquiry in which
the investigator examines the derived
categories and themes and develops a
conceptual understanding of the phenomenon.
8. credibility H. naturalistic data analysis technique in which
the researcher organizes similar or related
categories into larger categories and identifies
differences between sets of subcategories and
larger or overarching categories
9. theme I. basic analytical step used in naturalistic inquiry
in which the investigator groups phenomena
according to similarities and labels the groups
Part II
Problems Solving.
Measures of Central Tendency
1. Retailers who sell travel packages want to know the average age at
which people get married. Travel professionals believe that couples
who are older when they marry spend significantly more on
honeymoons than those who marry younger, therefore they will create
more elaborate packages if the average age of
marriage is getting higher. The following ages of
bridal couples were gathered in an unscientific
sampling at a bridal show.

Find the mean, median, and mode for:

a. women: Mean ______; Median ______; Mode

______

b. men: Mean ______; Median ______; Mode

______

2. Advertising executives are working on a campaign to sell a blood

pressure medicine. These executives want to select (3) actors to use in
the ads that will appeal to the broadest market in need of such
medications.

Find the mean, median, and mode BP (in some cases there may be no
mode) for:
a. Caucasian women
b. Caucasian men
c. African-American women
d. African-American men
e. Latino women
f. Latino men
g. All women combined
h. All men combined

Race/Gender Age Systolic Race/Gender Age Systolic

Rang BP Rang BP
e e
Caucasian Women 30-39 110 Caucasian Men 30-39 141
Caucasian Women 40-49 116 Caucasian Men 40-49 152
Caucasian Women 50-59 125 Caucasian Men 50-59 158
Caucasian Women 60-69 130 Caucasian Men 60-69 173
Caucasian Women 70-79 129 Caucasian Men 70-79 179
Caucasian Women 80-89 127 Caucasian Men 80-89 175
African-American Women 30-39 126 African-American Men 30-39 156
African-American Women 40-49 132 African-American Men 40-49 161
 African-American Women 50-59 141 African-American Men 50-59 172
African-American Women 60-69 147 African-American Men 60-69 183
African-American Women 70-79 155 African-American Men 70-79 188
African-American Women 80-89 160 African-American Men 80-89 187
Latino Women 30-39 122 Latino Men 30-39 146
Latino Women 40-49 125 Latino Men 40-49 150
Latino Women 50-59 130 Latino Men 50-59 159
Latino Women 60-69 136 Latino Men 60-69 167
Latino Women 70-79 145 Latino Men 70-79 172
Latino Women 80-89 151 Latino Men 80-89 172

Measures of Variability

3. Find the range for the following sets of data in problem #2: (e.g.
109 - 125)
a. Caucasian women
b. Caucasian men
c. African-American women
d. African-American men
e. Latino women
f. Latino men
g. All women
h. All men

4. Sum of the Squares finding the sum of the squares is an interim step
to finding the standard deviation. Use the test score data sets below
and find the sum of the squares. Remember, you must first find the
mean, then subtract the mean from each score, then square the
answer. Add all the squared numbers for each data set.

Set I Mean Sum Squared Set II Mean Sum Squared

94 98
76 94
52 88
98 90
80 84
78 86

5. Standard Deviation using the sum of the squares from question 4,

find the standard deviations for:
a. Set I
b. Set II

6. Find the standard deviation for the following sets of data

representing the number of books read by students in (4) different
classrooms.

a. Class I
b. Class II
 c. Class III
d. Class IV

7. Z-scores: Z scores translate data from numbers specific to a data set

to a score that represents where that number would fall on a normal
curve that represents the data set. The z-score is the distance, in
standard deviations, from the mean. Z-scores can be negative, the
number is less than the mean, or positive, more than the mean. The
closer the z-score is to 0 the closer the number is to the mean.

Using the data for Class I in question 6, find the z-scores for the 16
scores.
a. Score = 4, z =
b. Score = 1, z =
c. Score = 10, z =
d. Score = 7, z =
e. Score = 6, z =
f. Score = 2, z =
g. Score = 11, z =
h. Score = 6, z =
i. Score = 22, z =
j. Score = 5, z =
k. Score = 8, z =
l. Score = 10, z =
m. Score = 3, z =
n. Score = 4, z =
o. Score = 9, z =
p. Score = 6, z =