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ECT CONTROL PANEL

A fully automatic, state of the art designed control panel controls the ECT. It is designed
in such a way that it needs minimum or no operators attention

All the panels are PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) based. They are more reliable,
more flexible and smaller in size than the conventional relay panels. Troubleshooting is
also easier in the PLC panels. It requires less maintenance, moreover PLC can be linked
with the HMI (Human machine Interface) to view all important turbine parameters such
as pressure, temperature, steam flow, turbine speed, frequency, power factor, power
generated, voltage, ampere, total units generated etc

ECT panels are provided with the various fault Monitoring and Protection system
which are as follows:

Over speed / Over frequency


Under speed / Under frequency
Overload
Earth leakage trip
High Temperature trip of bearings and Lube oil
High Temperature of Generator Winding
Low Lube Oil Pressure
Low air pressure to the control valve
Reverse Power relay with time delay
Emergency Trip

In case of any fault the turbine is tripped immediately and audio visual indications are
turned on for operators attention HMI also indicates the type of the fault occurred

The ECT control panels have the following:

1. POWER PANEL:

It has circuit breaker (MCCB or ACB) Current Transformers, Bus bars, Various metering
instruments such as Ammeter , Voltmeter, Power factor Meter, kW meter, Energy meter
and indicating lamps, fuses etc

2. INSTRUMENTATION PANEL

It contains PLC, DAC (Digital to Analog Converter), ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
Trip Indicators, HMI, and Emergency push button, key to turn on turbine etc. The main
function of PLC is to monitor system the system all the time and to control the
backpressure accurately. Back Pressure is controlled by PID action, which is an inbuilt
function of the PLC. PLC compares the backpressure set point and actual pressure .If two
are not equal then it opens or closes the pressure set point and actual pressure. If two are
not equal then it opens or closes the pressure control valve through DAC to match them
closely
BACK PRESSURE CONTROL ON AN ALTERNATOR
BASED SYSTEM
Backpressure control for an Alternator based system consists of an Inlet control Valve,
which does the speed governing and a Vent Valve, which is used to control the
backpressure to the process.
The inlet control valve takes the speed sense from the out put shaft of the turbine and
through the PLC maintains the speed of the alternator. If the alternator speed drops due to
Load then the Inlet Valve gets a signal from the PLC to open and allow more steam
The Vent Valve takes signal from the outlet process line and through the PLC controls
the back pressure to the process by opening or closing to vent out steam.
A schematic of the full operating system for an alternator based control for backpressure
is depicted below for clarity.

There are following cases are possible for such a system as shown in the table

Case Process steam Reqmt. Power Reqmt. Remarks


1 High High Design condn. Valves normal
2 High Low Valves normal.Bypass PRV opens
3 Low High Vent Valve opens
4 Low Low Valves normal

Case1: This is situation when the process steam requirement is high and power
requirement is also high i.e. design condition. In such a case the Inlet Valve would be
open as per design i.e. 70-80% open and vent valve would be closed.

Case2: Incase the process steam requirement remains high but the power requirement
comes down, the speed would tend to go up, signaling the Inlet Valve to close. This
would then go to a situation as in Case 4 and make up the balance steam through a bypass
PRV

Case 3: Incase the process steam requirement is low and the power requirement is high,
then in such a case the back pressure would increase causing the vent valve to open and
let the steam out to maintain the back pressure.

Case 4: When the steam requirement as well as the power requirement is low the steam
would be throttled by the Inlet Control valve to maintain the speed due to lower power
and the vent valve would be therefore closed.
Inlet control Valve Speed control

Inlet steam

PRV
Turbine
~
Alternator
Process steam

Vent Valve
Back pressure control

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