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Standard Half-Cell
Electrode Potentials
Appendix 9 of Selected Elements

A
ll values are in volts at SATP and have been summarized from
Inorganic Chemistry by D.F. Schriver, P. Atkins, and C.H. Langford,
2nd ed., New York: Freeman, 1994.

Hydrogen
Acidic solution Basic solution
1 0 1 0

0 0.828
H H2 H2O H2

Group 1: The Alkali Metals

Acidic solution
1 0

3.040
Li Li
2.714
Na Na
2.936
K K
2.923
Rb Rb
3.026
Cs Cs

A-25
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A-26 Appendix 9 Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements

Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals

Acidic solution Basic solution
2 0 2 0

1.97
Be2 Be
2.356 2.687
Mg2 Mg Mg(OH)2 Mg
2.87
Ca2 Ca
2.90
Sr2 Sr
2.91
Ba2 Ba

Group 13
Acidic solution Basic solution
3 0 3 0

1.676 2.310
Al3 Al Al(OH)4 Al

3 1 0

1.25 0.336
Tl3 Tl Tl

0.72

Group 14
Acidic solution
4 2 0 2 4

0.114 0.029 0.237 0.583

CO2 HCOOH HCHO CH3OH CH4

0.104 0.517 0.132

CO C

Basic solution
0.930 1.160 0.591 0.245
CO32 HCO2 HCHO CH3OH CH4

1.148
C
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Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements A-27

Acidic solution Basic solution

4 2 0 4 2 0
0.909 2 1.69
SiO2 Si SiO3 Si
(quartz)

0.088 0.104 (0.93) (0.91)

SnO2 SnO Sn Sn(OH)62 SnOOH Sn
(white) (black)
0.15 0.137
Sn4 Sn2

1.46 0.125 0.254 0.578

PbO2 Pb2 Pb PbO2 PbO Pb
red
1.70 0.356
PbSO4

Group 15
Acidic solution
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1.25 0.23

0.803 1.07 0.996 1.59 1.77 1.87 1.41 1.275

NO3 N2O4 HNO2 NO N2 O N2 NH3OH N2H5 NH4

0.94 1.297 0.05 1.35

Basic solution
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
0.25 1.16

0.86 0.867 0.46 0.76 0.94 3.04 0.73 0.1

NO3 N2O4 NO2 NO N 2O N2 NH2OH N 2H4 NH3

0.01 0.15 1.05 0.42

Acidic solution
5 4 3 1 0 3
0.933 0.380 0.499 0.508 0.063
H3PO4 H4P2O6 H3PO3 H3PO2 P PH3

0.276 0.502
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A-28 Appendix 9 Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements

Basic solution
5 3 1 0 3
1.12 1.57 2.05 0.89
PO43 HPO32 H2PO2 P PH3

1.73

Group 16
Acidic solution
0 1 2

0.125 1.51
HO2

0.695 1.763
O2 H2O2 H2O

1.229

6 5 4 2 0 2
0.253 0.569 0.400 0.600 0.144
HSO4 S2O62 H2SO3 S2O32 S H2S

0.158 0.500

S2O82 SO42
1.96

Basic solution
0 1 2

0.33 0.20
O2

0.0649 0.867
O2 HO2 OH

0.401

6 4 2 0 1 2
0.936 0.576 0.742 0.476
SO42 SO32 S2O32 S HS

0.659
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Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements A-29

Group 17: The Halogens

Acidic solution
0 1

3.053
F2 HF

2.979
HF2

7 5 4 3 1 0 1
1.175 1.188 1.659
CIO2

1.201 1.181 1.674 1.630 1.358

CIO4 CIO3 HCIO2 HCIO Cl2 Cl

1.468

BrO4
1.853
BrO3
1.447 1.604 1.065
HBrO Br2(I)a Br

1.087
Br2(aq)

1.60 1.13 1.44 0.535

H5IO6 IO3 IO I2(s) I

0.536
I3

Basic solution
0 1

F
2.866
F2

7 5 4 3 1 0 1
0.481 1.071
ClO2

0.374 0.295 0.681 0.421 1.358

ClO4 ClO3 ClO2 ClO Cl2 Cl

0.890

0.584

1.025 0.492 0.455 1.065

BrO4 BrO3 BrO Br2 Br

0.760
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A-30 Appendix 9 Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements

0.26

0.65 0.15 0.42 0.535

H3lO62 lO3 lO l2 l

0.48

Group 18: The Noble Gases

Acidic solution
8 6 0
2.4 2.12
H4XeO6(aq) XeO3(aq) Xe(g)

2.18

Basic solution
0.99 1.24
HXeO83 HXeO4 Xe(g)

The Transition Metals

Acidic solution Basic solution
4 3 2 0 4 3 2 0
0.86

0.1 0.37 1.63 1.38 1.95 2.13

TiO2 Ti3 Ti2 Ti TiO2 Ti2O3 TiO Ti

1.21

Acidic solution
5 4 3 2 0

1.000 0.337 0.255 1.13

VO2 VO2 V3 V2 V

0.668
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Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements A-31

Basic solution
0.120

2.19 0.542 0.486 0.820

VO43 HV2O5 V2O3 VO V

1.366

0.749

Acidic solution
6 5 4 3 2 0
0.55 1.34 2.10 0.424 0.90
Cr2O72 Cr(V) Cr(IV) Cr3 Cr 2 Cr

1.38 0.74

Basic solution
6 3 0
0.11 1.33
CrO42 Cr(OH)3(s) Cr

0.72 1.33
Cr(OH)4

Acidic solution
7 6 5 4 3 2 0

0.90 1.28 2.9 0.95 1.5 1.18

MnO4 HMnO4 (H3MnO4) MnO2 Mn3 Mn2 Mn

2.09 1.23

1.69
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A-32 Appendix 9 Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements

Basic solution
7 6 5 4 3 2 0
0.34

0.56 0.27 0.93 0.146 0.234 1.56

MnO4 MnO42 MnO43 MnO2 Mn2O3 Mn(OH)2 Mn

0.60 0.088

0.59

Acidic solution
3 2 0

0.771 0.44
Fe3 Fe2 Fe

0.04

0.361 1.16
[Fe(CN6)]3 [Fe(CN)6]4

Basic solution
6 3 2 0

0.81 0.86 0.89

FeO42 Fe2O3 Fe(OH)2 Fe

Acidic solution
4 3 2 0
1.4 1.92 0.282
CoO2 Co3 Co2 Co

Neutral solution
3 2

0.058
[Co(NH3)6]3 [Co(NH3)6]2

Basic solution
4 3 2 0
0.7 0.42 0.733
CoO2 Co(OH)3 Co(OH)2 Co
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Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements A-33

Acidic solution
4 3 2 0
1.5 0.257
NiO2 Ni2 Ni

Basic solution
0.7 0.52 0.72
NiO2 NiOOH Ni(OH)2 Ni

Acidic solution
2 1 0
0.159 0.520
Cu2 Cu Cu

0.340

2 1 0
0.10 0.10
[Cu(NH3)4]2 [Cu(NH3)2] Cu
1.12 0.44
Cu2 [Cu(CN)2] Cu

Basic solution
0.14 1.36
Cu(OH)2 Cu2O Cu

Acidic solution
3 2 1 0
1.756

1.715 1.802 0.799

Ag2O3 AgO Ag Ag

Basic solution
0.887 0.602 0.343
Ag2O3 AgO Ag2O Ag

0.373
[Ag(NH3)2] Ag

0.31
[Ag(CN)2] Ag
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A-34 Appendix 9 Standard Half-Cell Electrode Potentials of Selected Elements

Group 12
Acidic solution
2 0

0.762
Zn2 Zn

Basic solution
1.199
[Zn(OH)4]2 Zn

1.246
Zn(OH)2 Zn

Acidic solution
2 1 0
0.854

0.9110 0.796
Hg2 Hg22 Hg

0.268
Hg2Cl2

Basic solution
0.0977
HgO Hg

The Lanthanons and Actinons

Acidic solution
4 3 2 0

1.76 2.34
Ce4 Ce3 Ce

Acidic solution
6 5 4 3 2 0

0.27 1.66

0.17 0.38 0.52 4.7 0.1

UO22 UO2 U4 U3 U2 U

1.38