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By
SHUJA BEHNA
ROLL NO.
Shuja Behna
M.Tech
(Digital comm.)
Roll No-
Abstract
4. References 24-25
Acknowledgement
Shuja Behna
M.Tech
(Digital comm.)
Roll No-
1. Introduction
Prevalence in India
The older a woman is when she has her first child, the
greater her chance of breast cancer.
Manifestation
Mammogram
Biopsy
Lymph node biopsy: The stage often is not known until after
surgery to remove the tumor in breast and one or more lymph
nodes under arm. A sentinel lymph node biopsy used to
remove the lymph node most likely to have breast cancer
cells. The surgeon injects a blue dye, a radioactive substance,
or both near the breast tumor. Or a radioactive substance
injected under the nipple. A scanner used to find the sentinel
lymph node containing the radioactive substance or looks for
the lymph node stained with dye. The sentinel node is
removed and checked for cancer cells. Cancer cells may
appear first in the sentinel node before spreading to other
lymph nodes and other places in the body.
These tests can show whether the cancer has spread and to
what parts of body. When breast cancer spreads, cancer cells
are often found in lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph
nodes). Also, breast cancer can spread to almost any other part
of the body, such as the bones, liver, lungs, and brain. When
breast cancer spreads from its original place to another part of
the body, the new tumor has the same kind of abnormal cells
and the same name as the primary (original) tumor. For
example, if breast cancer spreads to the bones, the cancer cells
in the bones are actually breast cancer cells. The disease is
metastatic breast cancer, not bone cancer. For that reason, it is
treated as breast cancer, not bone cancer. The new tumor
called as ?distant? or metastatic disease.
There are some special lab tests on the breast tissue (that was
removed) which should be performed. On basis of these tests
revelations, the cancer therapy would be suggested:
What is "staging?"
Stage I
Stage II
Stage IIB
Stage III is divided into stages IIIA, IIIB and IIIC. Stage IIIA
is defined by either of the following:
Stages IIIA
Stage IIIB
The cancer has grown into the chest wall and/or the skin of
the breast with or without evidence of spread to the lymph
nodes.
The cancer may have spread to lymph nodes under the arm
that have grown into each other or into other structures, or to
lymph nodes near the breastbone.
There are more than 10 lymph nodes under the arm involved
with cancer.
Stage IV
The cancer has spread to other organs of the body. The sites
where breast cancer is most likely to spread are the bones,
lungs, liver or brain.
Recurrence
2. Literature Review
1.[1] An Artifical intelligence based software application for
microcalcification detection on mammogram images, smail
erii , Signal Processing and Communication Application
Conference (SIU), 2016 24th, 23 June 2016
In this study, a software framework is proposed for detecting
of microcalcification clusters which are abnormalities in
mammogram images. Apart from the two well known
methods two different feature extraction methods integrating
to this software an artificial intelligence based detection
system has been developed. In the study Gray Level Co-
occrrance Matrix(GLCM), Equal Width
Discritization(EWD2), Wavelet Transform and Multiple
Window Based Analysis (MWBA) were used as for feature
extraction Artifical Neural Network (ANN) was used as
classifier. The highest AUC value was obtained by the
MWBA method(AUC=0,91)
2.[2] Microwave imaging system for early detection of breast
cancer, Faihaa Mohammed Eltigani, Maged Ali Ali Yahya,
Mazin Elfadil Osman, Communication, Control, Computing
and Electronics Engineering (ICCCCEE), 2017 International
Conference on, 16-18 Jan. 2017
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, and
one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Nowadays, the
most common method for breast cancer detection is X-ray
mammogram screening. Since mammography employs
ionizing radiations, the repetition of exposure is not
recommended. Aiming to overcome this limitation of the X-
ray mammogram screening, a new, low-cost and safe
microwave imaging technique was developed in this study.
The proposed technique depends on the significant contrast in
the dielectric properties of the normal and the tumor tissues.
The Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio was
used to create a model of breast with tumor of 5mm radius.
And a circular patch antenna was used in this study. The
breast model was placed in front of the antenna, which used as
a transmitter as well as a receiver of the microwave. The
reflected waves were processed in order to form an image of
the tumor. The reconstruction of the reflected waves permits a
clear identification of the tumor.
3. Proposed Work
Objectives
4. References