Académique Documents
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Spring2017MAED3224
SectionA:ContextforLearning
1.Gradelevel:Second
2.Howmuchtimeisdevotedeachdaytomathematicsinstructioninyourclassroom?
1hourand20minutes
3.Identifyanytextbookorinstructionalprogramtheteacherusesformathematicsinstruction.
Ifatextbook,pleaseprovidethetitle,publisher,anddateofpublication.
Myteacherusedcompasslearning.Myteacherdidnotuseatextbook.
4.Fromyourobservations,listotherresources(e.g.,electronicwhiteboard,manipulatives,
onlineresources)theteacherusesformathematicsinstructioninthisclass.Also,givea
specificexampleincludingtheconceptistaughtandtheresource(s)thestudentsused.
Ipads,Smartboard,manipulatives,rulers,whiteboards.MyteacherusedIpadstoteacha
conceptbyhavingthestudentsusetheShowmeapptoshowhowtheywouldsolvetheirword
probleminwritingandthenusingtherecordbuttontorecordtheirthoughtprocessandexplain
howtheygottheanswer.ThestudentsreallyenjoyedgettingtoworkwiththisIpadapp,even
withthisactivityrequiringstudentstoshowandexplaintheirknowledgeofwordproblemsthat
canbequitedifficultforthem.
5.Fromyourobservations,explainhowyourteachermakessurethestudentslearnthe
standard/objectivesconceptuallygivingaspecificexample.
MyCooperatingTeacherassuresthatthestudentslearnthestandard/objectivebystartingeach
lessonwithanoverviewofwhatthetopicis,askingquestionsaboutwhattheyalreadyknowon
thetopic,showingmultipleexamplestoclarify,andthenfollowswiththestudentsexploringthe
objectiveindependentlyoringroups.Itwasimportanttosecurethesuccessofthestudent's
standardbyallowingavarietyofdifferentwaysforthestudentstoexplorethetopic.Myclinical
teacheroftenusedmanipulatives,whiteboardsandtechnologyresourcestoensurestudents
conceptuallyunderstoodthelearningobjective.Onespecificexampleofhowmyclinicalteacher
ensuredstudentsunderstoodthestandard/objectivewasthedayIobservedfractionsinthe
class.Thestudentshadbeenlearningaboutfractionsallweekandhadbeenusingdifferent
resourceseachday.Forthisday,theteacherhadstudentscreatetheirownfractionbooklet
showingasmanydifferentpicturesastheycouldofwaystodemonstratethefractionstheyhad
learnedabout.Whilecreatingthebooklet,thestudentshadaccesstomanipulativesandother
picturestheyhaddrawnintheirmathnotebooks.Theteacherobservedduringtheactivityand
helpedassiststudentswhowereunabletoconceptuallyshowtheirunderstandingoffractions.
Toassessthestudentslearningtheteacherwouldhandoutanexitticket,usuallyjuston
Fridays,toassesshowwellthestudentsknowwhattheylearnedthatweek.
6.Whatdidyoulearnmostaboutteachingmathematicsfromobservingthisteacher?
Throughoutmy9weeksobservingmycooperatingclinicalteacher,Ilearnedalotabout
mathematicsinthesecondgradeclassroom.Ilearnedtheimportanceofstructureinalesson,
suchasfollowingthe5Es:Engage,Explain,Explore,Elaborate/ExtendandEvaluate.Ialso
learnedthatittrulydependsonyourclassonhowyouchoosetoteachyourmathlessons.Itis
importanttoknowyourstudentsandtheirstrengthsandweaknesses,inorderforstrong
learninggrowth.AnotherthingIlearnedfrommyteacheristhatworkingwithpartnersorin
groupscanbeverybeneficialtostudentsandhelpstomakethelearningenvironmentalittle
morefreeandcheerful.Lastly,Ilearnedthatnoteverylessonplanwillgoasplanned,butwhat's
mostimportantisthatstudentsareengagedandactivelylearning.
SectionB:WholeClassLesson
MeetwithyourIMBteacheranddecidewhatyouwillteach.Makesureyourteacher
understandsthatyourlessonmusthaveaconceptualunderstandinginstructionanda
proceduralfluencyand/ormathematicalreasoningcomponent.Youteachjustonelesson.
1.DescribetheCentralFocusofyourlesson(adescriptionoftheimportantunderstandings
andcoreconceptsthatstudentswilldevelopwiththislesson.Thisshouldaddressconceptual
understandings,ANDproceduralfluencyand/ormathematicalreasoning/problemsolvingskills)
TheCentralfocusofthislessonwasforstudentstofluentlyreadasetofdatainordertocreate
apicturegraphthatrepresentsthedata.Itwasimportantthatstudentsunderstoodthedataand
thekeythatwasapartofthedata,inordertocorrectlydrawapicturegraphandanswer
questionsaboutthegraph.Conceptuallythestudentsshouldhavebeenabletofillinapicture
graphdrawingthecorrectamountofobjectsthatmatchesthesetofdatagivenandfollowing
thekeythattellshowmucheachobjectisequalto.Studentsweretoshowmathematical
reasoningbyansweringinsentencestwoquestionsaboutthepicturegraph,showingwhether
theyunderstoodhowtoreadthepicturegraph.Forastudenttobeprocedurallyfluenttheywere
tohaveacorrectlydrawnapicturegraphthatmatchedthesetofdataandkeygiven.Theywere
toalsoanswertwoquestionsaboutthepicturegraph,whichenabledthestudentstogobackto
thesetofdataandgraphtheyhaddrawnandshowwhetherornottheycanunderstandwhat
thedatameansandinterpretresultsbycorrectlyansweringthetwoquestionsgiven.
2.StatetheCCSSMStandardandtheobjectiveforyourwholeclasslesson.
2.MD.10Drawapicturegraphandabargraph(withsingle-unitscale)torepresentadataset
withuptofourcategories.Solvesimpleput-together,take-apart,andcompareproblemsusing
informationpresentedinabargraph.
3.InstructionalStrategiesandLearningTasks:(summarizethelessonplancomponentsby
brieflydescribingtheinstructionandthelearningtasksyouused.Includethetasksstudentswill
solveduringthelesson.)
Toengagethestudents,Ibeganbyexplainingthatthepreviousweektheyhadlearnedhowto
drawbargraphsgivenasetofdataandthattodaytheywouldbedoingsomethingverysimilar,
butwithpicturegraphs.IshowedthestudentsasetofdataonFavoriteIceCreamFlavorand
wentoverhowtoreadthedataaswellaswhatakeyisandhowittellshowmanyitemsare
representedbyeachpicture.Followingexplainingallkeyconcepts,Ishowedthestudentsonthe
smartboardhowtodrawapicturegraphgiventhedatawejustwentover.Iaskedquestionsto
checkthestudentsunderstandingofwhatIhadjustmodeledforthem.Ialsoaskedseveral
questionsaboutthepicturegraphthatenabledthemtocomparethedataandunderstandthat
picturegraphsareavisualwayofshowingresultsofdata.Afterourdiscussion,Isentthe
studentsouttotheirdesktocreatetheirownpicturegraphontheirfavoritespecialsclass.I
gavethestudentsasetofdatatofollowandtheyweretoldthattheykeywouldrepresenttwo.
Oncecompletingthegraph,thestudentsweretoanswertwoquestionsthathadthemcompare
twodifferentspecialsclassesandexplainhowtheyknewonehadmorethantheother.Lastly,
theclasscamebacktogetheratthefrontoftheroomwiththeirpicturegraphsandsharedwith
eachotheraswellasdiscussedmethodsofcountingusedtocountpicturesthathaveakey
thatequalstwoitems,ratherthanoneitem.
4.CreateaformativeassessmentthatassessesconceptualknowledgeANDprocedural
fluencyormathematicalreasoning.Insertacopyoftheassessmentwithyoursolutionshere.
Solutions:Forthepicturegraph--Math:7smileyfacesshouldbedrawn.Reading:3smiley
facesshouldbedrawn.Science:2smileyfacesshouldbedrawn.SocialStudies:1smileyface
shouldbedrawn.Questionstoanswersolutions:Question1.No,becauseifyoucombine
readingandsciencetogetheritonlyequals10andmathhas14studentstotal.Questions2.No
itwouldnotchange.
5.Defineyourevaluationcriteriaformasteryoftheassessmentinarubric.Makesureyou
defineseparatelyconceptualANDproceduralfluencyormathematicalreasoningpartsofthis
rubric,includingthecorrespondingpoints.Insertthisrubrichere.
Points 4 3 2 1 0
SectionC:ResultsofWholeClassAssessment
1.Createagraphicshowingclassperformanceofconceptual,proceduraland/orreasoningof
theobjective.Thiscanbepiecharts,tables,bargraphetc.butmustshowperformanceineach
oftheaboveareasseparately,accordingtoeachstudentsperformanceintheformative
assessment.
2.Describecommonerrorpatternsineachoftheareasofpatternsoflearning-conceptual
understanding,proceduralfluency,andreasoning.Refertothegraphictosupportyour
discussion.
ConceptualUnderstanding:Overall,themajorityoftheclasswasabletoshowagood
understandingofdrawingpicturestorepresentthedatasetgiventothem.However,notall
studentsreceivedfullcreditforconceptualunderstandingduetothepicturesnotrepresenting
thecorrectamountthatmatchedthedatasetnumbergiven.Ibelieveonemisconceptionthe
studentshadwiththiswasfollowingthekeyandthedataset.Forexample,thekeyrepresented
twostudentsandthenumberofpeoplewhopreferreadingfromthedatasetwas6.Therefore,
onlythreepictureswouldbedrawninsteadof6.Anotherpossiblereasonforerrorwith
conceptualunderstandingwasthatsomestudentscouldnotskipcountsowhentheywere
drawingpicturesthatrepresenttwo,theyhadahardtimecountingupifitwasalargernumber
theyhadtorepresent.
ProceduralFluency:Proceduralfluencywasshownthroughstudentscorrectlydrawingpictures
inthepicturegraphtorepresentthedatasetandbeingabletointerprettheinformationby
answeringtwoquestionsaboutthepicturegraph.Everystudentintheclassearnedatleastone
pointforproceduralfluencyduetotherebeingmultiplepartstotheexitticket.However,there
wereavarietyoferrorsamongthestudentstowhytheydidnotreceivefullpointsforprocedural
fluency.Manystudentsdidnotreceivefullpointsforproceduralfluencybecauseofthetwo
questionstoansweraboutthepicturegraphandoneofthequestionsaskingstudentsto
explainwhyintheiranswer(studentsneverwanttoexplainwhy.)Ibelievethiserroroccurred
becausesomestudentsareatalowreadinglevelandreadingthequestionsweredifficultfor
themsotheywereunabletoprocesswhatthequestionwasasking.Ialsobelievethatonce
studentsreadthequestiontheydidnotrealizetheanswerswererightinfrontofthemandall
theyhadtodowaslookbackattheirpicturegraph.Eveniftheirpicturegraphwasdrawn
incorrectlytheystillcouldhavelookedbackatthedatasetgivenandhavebeenabletoanswer
questionsoneandtwo.Moststudentswereabletofillinthepicturegraphcorrectlyforpartial
proceduralpoints.
MathematicalReasoning:Mathematicalreasoningwasshownthroughstudentsansweringthe
twoquestionsaboutthepicturegraph.Thequestionsenabledstudentstolookbackattheir
picturegraphandinterprettheirresultsinordertoanswerwhethertwosubjectscombined
wouldbemorethananotherandwhetherchangingthekeytorepresent1studentwouldaffect
thedata.Correctlyansweringthesetwoquestionsshowsthestudentsunderstandingofpicture
graphsandhowtoreadandinterpretdata,whetherinapicturegraphorgivenasetlistofdata.
Moststudentsdidwellwithansweringthesecondquestion,simplybecauseitwasayesorno
answer(50/50chanceofgettingitright.)Somestudentsdidreallywellwiththefirstquestionby
answeringthatthetwosubjectscombinedwouldnotbemore,explainingwhynot,andeven
goingovertothesideandshowingtheiradditionworkofaddingthetwosubjectstotals
togetherandseeingitwasnotmore.OtherstudentsweretrickedbynumberonebecauseI
believetheywantedtojustassumethataddingtwosubjectstotalstogetherwouldessentially
bemorethanonesubjectstotalbyitself.Thesestudentsfailedtoshowmathematical
reasoningbecausetheydidnotgobacktotheirsetofdataandpicturegraphtocalculate(put
together)thenumbersandorpicturestoseewhichwasmore.Lastly,oneadditionalway
mathematicalreasoningwasshownwasthroughstudentsincludinganumericalvalueunder
eachpicture.Thestudentsknewthateachpicturewasequaltoanumericalvalueof2,therefore
afterdrawingeachpicturetheywouldputthenextnumbertheyhadskipcountedtounderthe
pictureinordertokeeptrackofwhatnumbertheywereat.Ididnotteachthemtodothatortell
themtodoso,butIbelieveithelpedthestudentsdrawthecorrectamountofpictures.
Note:Patternsoflearningincludebothquantitativeandqualitativepatterns(orconsistencies)fordifferent
groupsofstudentsorindividuals.Quantitativepatternsindicateinanumericalwaytheinformation
understoodfromtheassessment(e.g.,10outof15studentsor20%ofthestudents).Qualitativepatterns
includedescriptionsofunderstandings,misunderstandings,partialunderstandings,and/ordevelopmental
approximationsand/orattemptsatasolutionrelatedtoaconceptoraskillthatcouldexplainthequantitative
patterns.
Forexample,ifthemajorityofstudents(quantitative)inaclassorderedunitfractionsfromleasttogreatestas
1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5,thestudentserrorshowsthattheybelievethatthesmallerthedenominator,thesmallerthe
fractionandtheyhaveamathematicalmisunderstandingrelatedtothevalueoffractionalparts(qualitative).
Forexample,ifastudenterroroccursinasubtractionproblemthentheunderlyingmathematical
understandingmayincludetradingorregrouping,meaningofsubtraction,and/orsubtractionastheinverseof
addition.Youstartwiththequantityofstudentswhomadethespecificmistakeandyoucontinuewiththe
qualityofthemistakeintermsofthemathematicalmisconception.
3.Scanandinsertherethecopiesof2studentsfirstworksamplesasfollows.Choosethe
mostrepresentativeexamplesfromthewholeclassassessment(nostudentnames).Then,
analyzeeachstudentsmisconceptions.
Student1MathematicsWorkSample(studentstruggleswithconceptualunderstanding)
StudentIdoesnotshowconceptualunderstandingbecausethestudentdrewtoomanypictures
torepresentthedataset.Thestudentdidacknowledgethatthekeysaideachsmileyfaceis
equaltotwostudents,butthestudentdidnotunderstandhowthatlookedonapicturegraph.
StudentIunderstoodeachofthetotalsfromthedataset,exceptmath.Thestudentsawthat
readinghadatotalof(6),sotheycorrectlyshowedskipcountingonthepicturegraphbywriting
in2,4,6.However,knowingthatthekeysaideachsmileyisequaltotwostudents,theythought
theyhadtodrawintwosmileyfaceseachtimetheyskipcountedupnotrealizingthatonlyone
smileyfacewouldbesuffice.Thisstudentsmisconceptionwasnotunderstandinghowtotake
thekeygivenandapplyitcorrectlytothedatagiven.
Student2MathematicsWorkSample(studentstruggleswithproceduralfluencyorreasoning)
StudentOdoesnotshowproceduralfluencybecausethestudentwasunabletoanswereither
questionsthatrequirethestudenttointerpretinformationandresultsfromthegraph.The
studentalsostruggleswithproceduralfluencybyonlydrawingtwooutofthefoursubjects
correctlyonthepicturegraph.Thestudentshowed10smileyfacesformath,whichisincorrect
becausetherewere14peoplewhofavoredmathfromthedatasetandthenthekeyrepresents
twosoIamnotsurehowthestudentgot10.Thestudentalsodrewthreesmileyfacesfor
socialstudies,whenthenumericalvaluefromthedatasetwas2andiffollowingthekey
correctly,thestudentshouldhavedrawninonesmileyface.Ibelievethestudentisstruggling
withhowtoapplythedatasetandkeytothepicturegraph.Thestudentmayalsostrugglewith
skipcountingandcorrelatingitwithapicture.Lastly,onquestionone,Inoticedthestudent
startedtowritenobecause,whichpotentiallycouldhavebeencorrectifthestudenthad
finishedansweringandnoterasedthenobecause.
SectionD:PlanforRe-Engagement
Assessmentresultsareirrelevantifyoudonotactonthem.Thus,youaretocreateaplanto
usetheresultsyoudescribedinPartC.Youdonothavetoactuallyre-engagethestudentsbut
youmustshowthatyouunderstandwhattodowiththeseresults.Thus,basedonthe
assessmentresultsyoudescribedabove,groupeachofyourstudentsintooneofthesegroups:
1)re-engageforconceptual,2)re-engageforproceduralor3)re-engageforreasoning.
1.Describethenumberofstudentsyouwillhaveineachofthesegroups.(Note:ifachild
performedpoorlyinmultiplepartsoftheassessment,thatchildwillstartintheconceptual
group)
Therewere15studentspresentintheclassroomthedaythelessonwastaught.Basedonthe
assessmentresultsdescribedabove,Iwouldhave4differentgroupstoplacethestudentsinto.
Therewouldbe2studentsinthere-engageconceptual,3studentsinthere-engageprocedural,
4studentsinthere-engagereasoning,and6studentsinthemastery/readytomoveongroup.
Dotwoofthefollowing(BrequiredandthendoCorD)
2.PlantoRe-engageforconceptualunderstanding.
a.Describeyourreengagementlessonforthisgroup(objectivefromCCSSM,learning
tasks,strategies,materials,assessment).
2.MD.10Drawapicturegraphandabargraph(withsingle-unitscale)torepresentadataset
withuptofourcategories.Solvesimpleput-together,take-apart,andcompareproblemsusing
informationpresentedinabargraph.
Forthisre-engagementlessonIwouldusethesamestandard/learningobjectivefromthewhole
grouplesson.Thisgroupwouldonlybetwostudents,thereforeIcouldreallygetinandhelp
assistwithconceptualunderstanding.Iwouldstartbyhavingthestudentsjustlookatasetof
dataoffavoritesport.Iwouldhavethemusemanipulativestoshowthetotalsforeachsport.I
wouldthenintroduceakeywiththesetofdataandhavethekeyequaltotwo.Iwouldmodel
forthemwithmanipulativeshowthedatasetwouldchangefromtheoriginalonethatdidnot
haveakey.IwouldthenhavethempracticeskipcountingaloudwithmewhileIpointtoeach
picture.Next,Iwouldpassoutdryeraseboardsandtogetherwewoulddrawapicturegraphof
thedatawithoutakey.Iwouldpassoutanothersetofdryeraseboardsandaskthestudentsto
independentlydrawapicturegraphrepresentingthesetofdataandincludingthekeythat
equalstwo.Afterwardswewouldlookatbothpicturegraphsandcomparethemandwhythey
aredifferentinnumberofpictures,butstillgivethesameresults.
b.Explainwhyyoubelievethisre-engagementlessonwillbeeffectivebasedonthe
errorpatternsyoufoundinthedata.Scoreherewillbebasedonhowwellyoudescribe
theconnectiontothere-engagementlessonandtheerrorpatternsfound,effectiveuse
ofmaterials,andsoundmethodology.
Ibelievethisre-engagementlessonwouldbeeffectivebecausebothstudentswere
unabletocorrelatebetweenthekeythatrepresentedatotaloftwoanddrawingthe
correctamountofpicturestomatchthedataset.Thisre-engagementlessonwouldhelp
brushuponskipcountingandlearningtodrawpicturesthatareequaltothecorrect
total.
c.Explainhowyouwillreassessformasteryoftheconcept.
Iwouldreassessformasteryoftheconceptbygivingthestudentsasetofdataanda
keythatisequaltoatotaloftwoperpictureandhavethemfilloutapicturegraph
accordingly.Thisexitticketwouldbeverysimilartotheonegivenbefore,justwithout
thequestions.
FavoriteColor
Pink:12
Purple:8
Orange:2
Green:14Key::)=twostudents
- Thestudentswouldcreateapicturegraphtorepresentthedatagivenabove.
3.PlantoRe-engageforreasoning.
a.Describeyourreengagementlessonforthisgroup(objectivefromCCSSM,learning
tasks,strategies,materials,assessment).
2.MD.10Drawapicturegraphandabargraph(withsingle-unitscale)torepresentadataset
withuptofourcategories.Solvesimpleput-together,take-apart,andcompareproblemsusing
informationpresentedinabargraph.
Inthereengagementgrouplessontherewouldbeatotalof4students.Thelessonwouldcover
thesamestandardasthewholegrouplesson,butfocussolelyonmathreasoningand
interpretingresultsofpicturegraphs.Studentswouldreceiveasetofdataandapicturegraph
alreadyfilledinonFavoritedogbreed.Togetherasagroupwewoulddiscussthepicturegraph
andmakenotesofthingssuchas:whatdogwasthefavorite,whatdogwastheleastfavorite,
whydoesthekeymatter,whatotherinformationcanwecollectfromthispicturegraph?Iwould
thenpassaroundIpadsandhavestudentspulluptheShowmeapp.Iwouldgivethestudentsa
setofdataandakeyandhavethemdrawapicturegraphontheappandrecordthemselves
telling3differentfactsthattheycaninterpretfromthegraphandthensharewitheachother.
Oneadditionalthingwewouldlookattogetheristhepicturesinthepicturegraphandhowwe
knowhowmanytoputandstrategieswecanusetohelpwiththat--suchaswritingthe
numericalvalueunderthepicturetoshowunderstandingandtohelpwithnotovercounting.
b.Explainwhyyoubelievethisre-engagementlessonwillbeeffectivebasedonthe
errorpatternsyoufoundinthedata.Scoreherewillbebasedonhowwellyoudescribe
theconnectiontothereteachlessonandtheerrorpatternsfound,effectiveuseof
materials,andsoundmethodology
Ithinkthisreengagementlessonwouldbeeffectiveforthese4studentsbecausebased
offofeachoftheirexitticketsthestudentswerenotgoingbacktotheirpicturegraphs
andsetofdataandtakingthetimetolookandanalyzetheresultsandwhattheymean.
Thislessonhasthemreallylookintopicturegraphsandinterprettheinformation,which
willhelpthemtoanswermathematicalreasoningquestions.
c.Explainhowyouwillreassessformasteryofreasoningskills.
ToreassessthestudentsIwouldhavethemusetheShowmeipadappusingthe
recordbuttontoexplainapicturegraphanditsresultstomeasifIknewnothingabout
picturegraphs.Iwouldgivethemasetofdatafirst--FavoriteSeason:Fall-4Winter-8
Spring-14Summer-6Key=:)2students.
Thestudentswouldtaketheshowmeappanddrawapicturegraphofthisdata.
Secondly,thestudentswouldrecordthemselvesexplainingwhytheyputthenumberof
picturestheydidineachcategory.Finally,theywouldexplainresultsthatyoucantake
awayfromthepicturegraph.Forexample,onestudentcouldtellmethatspringhasthe
mostvotesorthatsummerandwintercombinedislessthanfallandexplainhowthey
knowthat.
ScoringRubric
Possible
Points
SectionA:ContextforLearning
A1 1
A2 1
A3 1
A4 5
A5 5
A6 5
SectionB:WholeClassLesson
B1 1
B2 1
B3 10
B4 8
B5 10
SectionC:Resultsofwholeclassassessment
C1 10
C2 14
C3 6
SectionD:Planforre-engagement
D1 2
D2 10
D3orD4 10
Totalofallscores: 100