Environmental Constraints

Learning opportunity- a positive way of referring to a mistake that somebody has made,
presenting it as a change to gain new knowledge
Any limitations on strategy options due to political, external, competition, social
requirements and expectations, cultural or economic factors, technological or legal
requirements.
o Every morning, I have to help my mother with the preparation and selling of
chapatis Otherwise, we would not have enough to eat. 9 year old girl from
Northern Pakistan (city of Charsadda)
o Many young girls attended self-organized local education in the homes of the
elderly and well-respected women of Charsadda. They learned to read, write,
embroider, and do needle work.
o Some cannot attend school because they dont have enough money. The schools
are free, but you have to buy the uniform and books. Youll be sent home or
punished if you dont have them. Some parents dont want their kids leaving
because they had the job of babysitting younger siblings.
Third World Countries
o Cultural factors and social expectations
Normal 4 year olds- girls start doing household tasks to replace their
mother when she is doing agricultural work. They also help their mother
do field work. The boys are sent on errands, look after cattle, and help
merchants/craftsman with odd jobs. They are also given jobs in the fields,
production and processing of food, making of tools, construction of
houses, or retail/street commerce (depending on cultural and socio-
economic living conditions)
Upper Social Class Children
Treated like little princes and princesses, surrounded by servants.
Described as cheaper than washing machines and treated with less
care. They often grow up with luxury and technology. Start
kindergarten at 3 or 4 and go through schooling.
o Cultural Constrictions
In some places, like Europe, it is a custom to give children little tools,
baskets, and tasks
Would eventually make them accustomed to adults work
o Economic
A normal school in Peshawar and Pakistan
100 children sit on the mud floor of the classroom, some of which
are not school age yet
Is a custom in Pakistani regions to bring little sibling to school so
they can learn with their older siblings
 The only furniture in the classroom is a table and chair for the
teacher
No protection from outside (if it is raining outside, then the
classroom is cold and sticky)
The teacher reads from a book and the children repeat
Also have ecole sous larbe (shelterless schools) found under a tree
because their classrooms dont have roofs (found in rural Africa
and other places)
Language problems, poverty, and unbearable school conditions
account for much of the early dropout rate (40% drop out before
second grade)
o Multilingualism prevalent in many countries means that the
mother tongue of a child is often not the language of
instruction at school, which makes it even harder for
children to follow the teacher
How to help
o Choose a project of interest and donate to a legitimate charity that uses funds to
establish and maintain programs where needed
o Purchase goods that are fair trade certified
o Sponsor a child from one of the legitimate organizations who benefit whole
communities from monthly donations
o Dont buy products from known sweatshop environments ( GAP Indian workers
were paid less than 40 cents a day in 2010, J. Crew was Americas worst
Sweatshop in the US territory of Saipan in 2006)
Subculture
Groups that have values and norms that are distinct from those held by the
majority
Culture is what makes up a society expression, through material things and beliefs
o Language, ideological values, gender roles, etc.
Society refers to people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture
o There can be different cultures and subcultures in a society
Small societies tend to be culturally uniform and large industrial societies tend to
be culturally diverse and contain numerous subcultures
o Hippies, Goths, fans of hip hop, bikers
Deviant subcultures
o Subculture which has values and norms that differ substantially from the
majority of people in a society
o When the structure of a neighborhood/community favors criminal activity,
then a criminal subculture is likely to develop
Mafia or inner city gangs
o When people are unable to find opportunities, two other subcultures that
can develop are conflict and retreatist subcultures
 Conflict- develops partially as a result of transient population and a
lack of community
May turn to gang violence as a result of frustration and
anger
Retreatist- made up of high school dropouts who may abuse
alcohol or narcotics

Works Cited
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n.d. Web. 25 Apr. 2017.

"Girls' Education and Gender Equality." UNICEF. UNICEF, 23 July 2015. Web. 25 Apr.

2017.
"Learning Opportunity." QFINANCE RSS. QFinance, n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Moffitt, Kimberly. "What Is Subculture? Theories, Definition & Examples." Study.com.

Study.com, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.

Nestvogel, Renate. "School Education in 'Third World' Countries: Dream or Trauma?"

School Education in 'Third World' Countries: Dream or Trauma? (n.d.): 205-215.

Web. 25 Apr. 2017

Rees, Alex, and Angela Vitello. "23 Brands Caught In Sweatshop Scandals." BuzzFeed.

BuzzFeed, Inc, 01 May 2013. Web. 25 Apr. 2017.

"Subculture." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2017.
"What Are Environmental Constraints?" Reference. IAC Publishing, n.d. Web. 28 Apr.

2017.