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a primary standard
must be obtainable in pure form, free of moisture
must be stable, cannot absorb water or other substances from
atmosphere during weighing or when in use
must be a crystalline solid and hence able to be accurately weighed
out
must have a relatively high molecular mass to minimise weighing
errors
must be readily soluble in distilled water and react to completion
must react instantaneously and to completion
When diluting acids, always add water to acid and not vice
versa (awwww not waaaa!!!) the dilution of acids is extremely
exothermic. It is safer for the heat to be dissipated through
the water than through concentrated acid.
Preparing a Standard Solution
1. primary standard must be pure and dry
2. weigh as accurately as possible
3. thoroughly clean volumetric flask (rinse
with distilled water (3 times)
4. transfer all solid to flask
5. solute must be completely dissolved
6. volume of solution must be accurate
(bottom of meniscus up to mark in
volumetric flask)
7. pure water (distilled or deionized) must
be used for solns and rinsing
8. shake volumetric flask well to ensure
uniform mixing before filling burettes.
Glassware
Choice of Indicators
Example 1
A std soln of sodium hydrogen carbonate has a concentration of 0.100mol/L.
A 25.00mL aliquot of the std base was titrated against an unknown sulfuric acid
soln using methyl orange indicator. The avg titre at the end point was 28.35mL.
Calc the conc of the sulfuric acid soln.