GE Aviation

Engine Condition
Monitoring

Divergence
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Divergence

Divergence is the difference between the measured value (of a specific
engine) and the average value for all engine positions on an aircraft

Mathematically, divergence is defined as:

X eng1 + X eng2 + X eng3 + X eng4

X Divergence eng1 = X eng1 where X = any parameter
4

example for aircraft powered by 4 engines

Divergence
Divergencetrends
trendscan
cantell
tellyou
youmathematically
mathematically
ififthere
thereisisaashift
shift(or
(ordifference
difference) )for
foraa parameter
parameter

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Divergence

Typically, divergence is calculated for 5 parameters:
Core Speed
Fuel Flow
Nacelle Temperature
DEGT
EGTHDM

Divergence can be trended for other engine parameters, as specified

Alerts can be defined based on divergence trends

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Divergence (cont)

Divergence is very useful for finding slight movement in parameters that
have excess noise in ambient condition data.
Post water wash DEGT and Fuel Flow
Nacelle temperature
[Ambient conditions cause significant variation in Nacelle Temperature. This variation
can not be reliably modeled. But the Divergence functionality removes variation due to
ambient conditions. Thus, more effective alerting can be set up.]

Divergence is used to help confirm potential trend shifts.

Divergence trends are independent of standard monitoring trends from

engine deviation models
(i.e. divergence parameters calculated from aircraft average-measurements,
instead of from cruise reference baselines or from takeoff EGT-redline limit)

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Divergence (Cont)
Cruise EGT Trend
Flight DateTime DEGT#1 DEGT#2 DEGT DIV #1
Engine #2 Shift
12/15/2005 23:58 15.148 21.205 -3.028
12/16/2005 11:16 16.479 21.451 -2.486
12/17/2005 7:17 19.446 24.763 -2.659
12/17/2005 15:20 14.737 19.62 -2.442
12/17/2005 19:35 15.269 19.69 -2.211
12/18/2005 2:00 16.157 22.68 -3.261
Engine #1 Shift

Note:
Divergence Trend for Cruise EGT Divergence trends for engines on a
twin-engine aircraft are mirror images
of each other.
Divergence trends can indicate a shift,
but other data must be reviewed to
determine which engine drove the shift.

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Nacelle Temp Divergence

Nacelle Temperature (ZTNAC) has

stayed in a normal range. There is
enough scatter that a real change
can not be detected

Nacelle Temperature Divergence

(ZTNAC_D) tells a different story.
The relationship between this engine
and the others has changed.

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