Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
By Stanley Houghton
INTRODUCTION
A true test of people is how they behave towards the elderly. With modernisation, reverence of the elderly seems
to have suffered a grievous blow. All happiness to the elderly is parsimoniously measured out. Too often the elderly
suffer death by invisibility long before their physical demise. The daughters in Dear Departed are very materialistic
and like beasts of prey, they are only ready to pounce on the money and belongings of their father. Keeping father
at home has become a tiresome burden. Looking towards the elderly has become a matter of comfort and financial
aid rather than for inspiration and emotional strength. For a civilised society a new culture of giving needs to be
ushered and one must give to the elderly without any selfish motive. We must remember that the difference between
a helping hand and an outstretched palm is only a twist of the wrist.
SUMMARY there is loud knocking at the door and the Slaters take
plenty of time to look normal. Mrs Jordan and Ben pretend
The play The Dear Departed presents an interesting to be emotional at the death of Mr Abel Merryweather.
situation that has tragically become common place in the Both the ladies compare their mourning dresses, criticising
world of today. The scene of the play is set in the sitting- the others outfit. Mrs Jordan is surprised to discover that
room of a small house in a lower middle-class district of no doctor had been summoned to check on her father. Mrs
a provincial town. The setting of the play reveals that the Slater insists in a stubborn manner that she had been keen
tea-table has been laid. Mrs Slater, a plump and active on Mr Pringle and if he was out of station, they couldnt
lady is in mourning and she is getting ready to receive be offensive and call someone else. Mrs Slater reveals
some guests. She beckons to her daughter Victoria, who is that her father had been happy in the morning and he had
ten year old, and instructs her to change into something apparently gone to pay the premium of his insurance policy.
sober. It is revealed that Victorias grandfather has passed He was generally going to Ring-O-Bells frequently and
away and the Slater family is getting ready to receive Aunt the night before he had come drunk and had gone to bed
Elizabeth and Uncle Ben. Victoria expresses surprise at without having dinner. Mrs Jordan and Ben prefer to have
this news because her aunt and uncle had not paid them a tea before going and looking up father. All four of them
visit for years. Mrs Slater reveals that they were coming start discussing about the obituary and the kind of
over to talk about grandfathers affairs, on hearing of his announcement in the newspapers to be inserted. Mrs Jordan
death. In the meanwhile Mr Slater enters. He is a heavy wants a long poem but Mrs Slater protests by saying that
man who stoops he is also in mourning dress. it will cost a lot. Meanwhile Mrs Jordan reveals that her
Henry Slater is skeptical whether Elizabeth will come, father had willed his gold watch to her son Jimmy. Mrs
for the last time when Mrs Slater and Elizabeth had Slater feels very offended and refuses to believe it. Victoria
quarrelled, she had vowed never to pay a visit again to says that grandfather had not gone in the morning to pay
their house. Mrs Slater gives Henry new slippers of her his premium but had instead gone over to The Ring of
father. She also plans to take away the new bureau of the Bells, the public house, managed by John Shorrocks
grandfather and shift it to their room, before Elizabeth and widow. Everyone starts blaming the old man for not paying
Ben arrive. Both the husband and wife, lock the front door his premium. Victoria is instructed to go over to grandpas
and shift the bureau down and put their old chest of drawers room to get the receipt of the premium. Mrs Jordan is
there. Victoria wants to know why they were stealing surprised to note a new bureau and she wishes to know the
grandfathers things but her mother tells her to remain details, because she doubts Mrs Slaters version. Victoria
quiet. Grandpas new clock is also taken away. Meanwhile enters, looking dazed. She gives the shocking news that
Literature D 119
Grandpa was stirring and moving. After some time Mr MsLd dks vius dejs esa j[kdj mldh txg viuk iqjkuk MsLd ogk
Abel Merryweather enters and is surprised to see his other j[k nsrs gSaA foDVksfj;k tkuuk pkgrh gS fd os ukukth dk lkeku D;ksa
daughter and son-in-law, Mr and Mrs Jordan. He reveals pksjh dj jgs gSa\ mldh ek mls pqi djk nsrh gSA ukukth dh ubZ ?kM+h
that he was well and just had a slight headache he notices Hkh os mBk ysrs gSaA bl chp esa dksbZ kksj&kksj ls njokkk [kV[kVkrk
Henry wearing his new slippers and takes them. Abels
gSA LysVj ifjokj vius dks Bhd fn[kkus osQ fy, dkIkQh oDr ysrs gSaA
wishes to know, why all were in mourning dresses. Mrs
Jherh tkWMZu vkSj cSu] ,cy eSjhsosnj osQ fu/u ij [kwc jksus & kksus
Jordan makes up some story to pacify him. Abel
Merryweather enjoys tea and has a generous slice of the
dk Lokx Hkjrs gSaA
apple-pie. He grumbles and scolds Mrs Slater for taking nksuksa efgyk, ,d nwljs osQ ekreh oL=kksa dks ?kwjrh gSaA Jherh
away his bureau. Mrs Jordan gets agitated and accuses her tkWMZu dks ;g tkudj vpjt gksrk gS fd muosQ firk dh tkp osQ
sister of robbing her father. The husbands also join their fy, fdlh Hkh MkWDVj dks ugha cqyk;k x;kA Jherh LysVj kksj nsdj
wives in hurling accusations at each other Abel discovers dgrh gSa fd os Jheku fijxy dks cqykuk pkgrh Fkha vkSj D;ksafd og
about his death. He addresses his daughters directly and 'kgj ls ckgj Fks rks os fdlh vkSj dks cqykus dk nqLlkgl oSQls djrsA
declares that he was going to change his will and all the os crkrh gSa fd muosQ firk lqcg [kq'k Fks vkSj ba';ksjsal ikWfylh dk
money will go to the one, in whose house he dies. Both hfe;e Hkjus x;s FksA og vkerkSj ij jx&vks&cSYl* tkrs jgrs Fks
the daughters fight with each other to keep their father. vkSj fiNyh jkr os ogk ls u'ks esa /qr vk;s Fks vkSj fcuk [kkuk [kk;s
Abel is amused and watches all the fun. At last he makes lks x;s FksA
his announcement which shocks everyone. On Monday, he Jherh tkWMZu vkSj cSu firk dks ns[kus tkus ls igys pk; ihuk
would go to the lawyer and alter his will, then he would ilan djrs gSaA pkjksa firk dh fu/u&lwpuk osQ fo"k; esa ckrphr djus
go to the insurance office and pay his premium. After that
yxrs gSa] ftls v[kckj esa Nius osQ fy, Hkstk tkuk gSA Jherh tkWMZu
he would go to the church and get married to Mrs Shorrock.
pkgrh gSa ,d yEch dfork Hksth tk;s] Jherh LysVj euk djrs gq,
Everyone is shocked. Abel reveals that he had at last found
someone who was happy to keep him. He exits with an
dgrh gS fd og rks cgqr egxk iM+sxkA rHkh Jherh tkWMZu crkrh gSa
invitation of his marriage. He also thanks Mrs Slater for fd muosQ firk viuh lksus dh ?kM+h muosQ csVs ftEeh dks nsuk pkgrs
shifting the Bureau down-stairs for now it will be easy to FksA Jherh LysVj cqjk ekurs gq;s bl ckr ij fo'okl djus ls badkj
cart it away to Ring-O-Bells. djrh gSA
foDVksfj;k crkrh gS fd ukukth lqcg hfe;e Hkjus ugha x;s
lkjka'k
FksA ijUrq jx vkWiQ csYl tks fd ,d e/q'kkyk Fkh & ogk x;s Fks
;g ukVd ^n fM;j fMikVsZM* ,d jkspd fLFkfr ij vk/kfjr ftldks tkWu 'kkSjksd dh fo/ok pykrh FkhaA lHkh yksx cw<+s dks cqjk
gSA nq[k dh ckr gS fd ;g vkt dh nqfu;k dk dVq lR; gSA ukVd Hkyk dgus yxrs gSa fd hfe;e Hkjus D;ksa ugha x;kA foDVksfj;k dks
dk n`'; ,d e;eoxhZ; ftys osQ ,d NksVs ls 'kgj osQ ,d NksVs ls ukukth osQ dejs esa hfe;e dh jlhn ykus Hkstk tkrk gSA
edku dh cSBd esa gksrk gqvk fn[kk;k x;k gSA eap ij pk; dh esk Jherh ,fytkcsFk u;s MsLd dks ns[kdj gSjkuh xV djrs gq,
lth gS] Jherh LysVj tks ,d xksy eVksy vkSj iqQrhZyh efgyk gaS mlosQ ckjs esa tkuuk pkgrh gSa D;ksafd mUgsa Jherh LysVj osQ dFku
ekreh oL=kksa esa oqQN esgekuksa osQ barkkj esa cSBh gSaA og viuh iq=kh ij 'kd gSA foDVksfj;k lqUu fLFkfr esa vanj vkrh gS vkSj ;g luluh
foDVksfj;k dks laosQr djrh gS ftldh vk;q nl o"kZ gS vkSj dgrh gS Hkjh [kcj nsrh gS fd ukukth py fiQj jgs gSaA oqQN le; ckn Jheku
fd diM+s cny dj oqQN lkSE; oL=k iguksA n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd ,cy&esfjosnj vanj vkrs gSa vkSj viuh nwljh iq=kh vkSj nkekn dks
foDVksfj;k osQ ukuk dk fu/u gks x;k gS vkSj LysVj ifjokj vkaVh ns[kdj gSjku gksrs gSaA og crkrs gSa fd og Bhd gSa cl gYdk lk
,fytkcsFk vkSj vady cSu osQ barkkj esa gSA foDVksfj;k dks ;g lqudj flj&nnZ gSA rHkh og gsujh osQ iSjksa esa viuh ubZ pIiysa ns[krs gSa vkSj
vpjt gksrk gS fd vady vkSj vkaVh o"kks ls ogk ugha vk;s FksA mUgsa ys ysrs gSaA os tkuuk pkgrs gSa lHkh yksx ekreh iks'kkd esa D;ksa
Jherh LysVj crkrh gSa fd os yksx ukukth osQ ekeyksa osQ ckjs esa gSaA Jherh LysVj ckr cukdj Vky tkrh gSaA ,cy esfjoSnj pk; vkSj
ckrphr djus vk jgs gSaA rHkh Jheku LysVj vanj vkrs gSaA os Hkkjh lsc ls cus osQd dk vkuan ysrs gSaA os oqQM+oqQM+krs gSa vkSj
'kjhj osQ vkSj >qdh gqbZ dej okys O;fDr gSaA Jherh LysVj dks MkVrs gSa fd mUgksaus mudk u;k MsLd D;ksa fy;kA
Jheku gsujh LysVj dks fo'okl ugha gS fd os yksx vk;saxs ;k Jherh tkWMZu xqLls esa vkdj viuh cgu ij bYkke yxkrh gSa fd
ugha D;ksafd fiNyh ckj Jherh LysVj vkSj ,fytkcsFk esa >xM+k gks mUgksaus firk dh phtksa dh pksjh dhA nksuksa ifr Hkh viuh ifRu;ksa osQ
x;k Fkk vkSj mlus .k fy;k Fkk fd ogk dHkh ugha vk;sxhA Jherh lkFk feydj ,d&nwljs ij nks"k yxkrs gSaA ,scy dks viuh e`R;q dh
LysVj gsujh dks vius firk dh ubZ pIiysa nsrh gSaA mudh ;kstuk ;g ?kVuk dk irk yxrk gS vkSj os lh/s viuh csfV;ksa dks dgrs gSa fd
Hkh gS fd ukukth osQ MsLd dks vius dejs esa ys tk;sa] blls igys os viuk olh;rukek cnyus tk jgs gSa vkSj lkjk /u mls feysxk
fd ,fytkcsFk vkSj csu vk;saA ifr&iRuh njokks dks rkyk yxkdj ftlosQ ?kj esa mudh e`R;q gksxhA
D 120 New Wave Communicative English X
nksuksa iqf=k;ka >xM+k djrh gaS fd firk dks dkSu j[ksxkA ,cy eks WORDMEANINGS
ls bldk vkuan ysrs gq, ns[k jgs gSaA var esa os iSQlyk lqukrs gSa ftls outshine : to compete and try to overdo more than the
lqudj lcdks lnek igqprk gSA os dgrs gSa fd vkus okys lkseokj dks other speck : a bit or particle trifles : small small
os odhy osQ ikl tk dj viuh olh;r cny nsaxsA blosQ ckn things complacent : easily satisfied outfit : dress
ba';ksjsUl osQ nrj tk dj hfe;e Hkjsaxs vkSj fiQj ppZ tkdj Jhefr accustomed : used to regrettable : worth regretting
chirpy : cheerful furtively : in a sky manner
'kkSjksd ls fookg djsaxsA D;ksafd vkf[kjdkj mUgsa ,d ,slk lkFkh fey etiquettes : manners swindling : cheating
x;k gS tks mUgsa vius lkFk j[kus esa [kq'k gSA os vius fookg dk U;ksrk reluctantly : hesitatingly disparaging : to speak in
nsdj fudy tkrs gSa vkSj tkrs gq, Jherh LysVj dk /U;okn djrs gSa a hurting manner transfixed : stunned vindictive :
fd mUgksaus Hkjh MsLd uhps ykdj muosQ fy, vklku dj fn;k fd os revengeful disconcerted : to be disturbed
mls ^jx&vks&cSYl ys tk losaQA snappishly : irritably
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (SOLVED)
5. Answer the following questions briefly. grief-stricken at the death of their father but are trying to
(a) How does Mrs Slater plan to outshine the out shine each other in wearing their best mourning dresses.
Jordans? What does it reveal about her For the sisters grief is to be depicted through mourning-
character? dress and not through the feelings in ones heart.
Ans. Mrs Slater has managed to procure a black dress (d) What does Mrs Jordan describe as a fatal
for mourning, though it is not complete. She believes that mistake? What is the irony on the comment
her mourning outfit would still be better than Mrs Jordans, she makes on Mrs Slaters defence?
who might not have managed to arrange it also. Her Ans. Mrs. Jordan believes that not sending for the
obsession for a mourning dress reveals that she is a frivolous doctor at her fathers death was a fatal mistake. Mrs
and pretentious woman who is not distressed at the death Slater clarifies immediately that since it was Mr Pringle
of her father and is bothered more about worldly who had always attended on her father, it would be against
pretensions. professional etiquette to call someone else. Mr Pringle was
(b) Why does Mrs Slater decide to shift the bureau out of town so they didnt call anyone else.
from grandfathers room before the arrival of (e) Ben appreciates grandfather saying its a
the Jordans? How does Henry react to the good thing he did. Later he calls him a
situation? drunken old beggar. Why does he change his
Ans. Mrs Slater wishes to steal the bureau and shift opinion about grandfather?
it in her room and replace it by her old chest of drawers. Ans. Ben appreciates the grandfather for paying the
The bureau was new so now with her fathers death, she premium of his insurance policy. When he hears that
grandfather had not gone that day to pay the premium, he
wishes to possess it before her sister comes and Henry is
changes his stand and calls him a drunken old beggar
not that greedy and suggests that his wife must-discuss it
since the grandfather had gone to Ring-O-Bells.
with her sister before taking it away. Later he gets persuaded
by his dominating wife. (f) What change does the grandfather make in his
new will? What effect will it have on his
(c) What is the reason for the Jordans taking a daughters?
long time to get to the house of the Slaters?
Ans. The grandfather decides that he will change his
What does it show about the attitude of the two will. He decides to leave all the things to whomsoever hes
sisters towards each other? living with when he dies. The daughters get agitated and
Ans. Mrs Jordan took a lot of time to reach the home consider it unfair. Both of them compete with each other
of the Slaters because she wanted to get a complete new to keep grandfather with them. None of them wanted to be
mourning dress before coming. Both the sisters are not deprived of their share.
Literature D 121
(g) What are the three things that grandfather escalating. Mrs Jordan accuses her sister of stealing her
plans to do on Monday next? fathers things, thinking him to be dead. That is when Abel
[C.B.S.E., 2011 (T-1)] discovers that they had gathered there for the official
Ans. The grandfather plans to alter his will, pay his mourning of his death.
premium of the insurance policy and get married to John (b) Compare and contrast Henrys character with
Shorrocks widow. his wife:
6. Answer the following in detail : Ans. Henry is timid and honest by nature. Soft at
(a) How does the spat between the two daughters heart, he tends to get bullied by his dominating wife. Initially
leads to the grandfather discovering the truth? he protests against stealing the grandfathers slippers and
Ans. Abel Merryweather recognises his bureau and bureau but when Mrs Slater forces him, he gets carried
wants to know the reason for its shifting. Mrs Slater had away. He is a worried looking man who believed what his
already told her sister that the bureau belonged to them. wife says and ends up supporting her. Mrs Slater by contrast
This lie is enough to set tongues wagging and tempers is vain, pretentious and greedy. She makes the plans and he
executes them with his wifes help of course.
1. Discuss the significance of the title of the play. fathers death is a kind of competition to outshine each
Bring out the irony inherent in it? other. There is no mourning in their hearts, but both the
[C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)] daughters vie with each other to wear the best mourning
Or dress. Mrs Jordan wants to have her tea and snacks rather
In what way is the play satirical? Comment on then looking at her dead father. Accusations are hurled at
the nature of its characters. each other, death announcement is planned but no one spares
[C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)] a thought for the father. An obituary should reflect their
Ans. The title is very appropriate and packed with great feelings, that are non-existent. It is only the grand daughter
irony and wit that makes a farce of all relationships that Victoria, who is a sole witness to this game of pinching
are most intense and pious. Children like the Slaters and things and benefits. In a lighter tone, Abel Merryweather
the Jordans are a blot on humanity and on the bonds of had sensed the mercenary nature of his daughter so he
love and affection. Both Amelia and her sister consider outwits them in their planning. He finds a widow to marry
their father Abel Merryweather a burden and his death is who would look after him better. The lesson ends on a
no loss to them. The father is taken lightly. Immediately humorous note but outlines a very tragic and pathetic
after Abels supposed death, the elder daughter pinches his concern care of the elderly that is a glaring and ugly
slippers, clock and his bureau. For both the daughters, reality of todays world.
MCQss
REFERENCE TO CONTEXT MCQ
Read the following extracts and choose the correct (d) shes not bothered about her grandfathers
option. death
1. Mrs Slater : Im amazed at you, Victoria, I really (ii) Aunt Elizabeth and Ben are paying a visit to
am. How can you go gallivanting about in the
(a) offer condolence for the old mans death
street with your grandfather lying dead and cold
(b) check upon the old man
upstairs, I dont know. Be off now, and change
your dress before your Aunt Elizabeth and your (c) lay their hands on his belongings
uncle Ben come. It would never do for them to find (d) to show to Mrs Slater their sorrow over the
you in colours. death
(i) Mrs Slater is angry with Victoria because (iii) Mrs Slater appears to be a lady who is very
(a) she is moving around too much particular about
(b) she is wasting time in the street (a) ceremonies
(c) she hasnt changed her dress (b) relatives
D 122 New Wave Communicative English X
(c) condolence into the black.
(d) mourning dresses on death (i) The above conversation reveals that both the
daughters are not __________ at the death of
Answer : (i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (d)
their father.
2. Mrs Slater : My hearts fit to break when I see the (a) emotional (b) grief-stricken
trifles that belonged to grandfather lying around, (c) sad (d) concerned
and think hell never use them again.
(ii) Death has become an occasion for only
Here! youd better wear these slippers of (a) sad expressions
grandfathers now : Its lucky hed just got a new (b) flaunting mourning dresses
pair. (c) funeral services
(i) Mrs Slater is very disturbed because (d) prayers
(a) her father is dead (iii) The above conversation reveals that both the
(b) his things are lying scattered sisters are
(c) she has to make arrangements (a) Jealous (b) Competitive
(d) she cannot afford to have his things wasted (c) Vicious (d) Concerned
(ii) Mrs Slater is very resourceful as
Answer : (i) (b) (ii) (b) (iii) (c)
(a) she manages to make all the arrangements
(b) she is able to use her fathers slippers 5. Mrs Jordan : I like Never Forgotten. Its refined
(c) she has managed to inform her sister Henry : Yes, but its rather soon for that.
(d) she has managed to get tea ready for relatives Ben : You couldnt very well forget him the day
(iii) From the above statement it is clear that Mrs after.
Slater was (i) Do you believe the conversation taking place
(a) resourceful (b) miserly above is
(c) greedy (d) vain (a) emotional (b) authentic
Answer : (i) (d) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (c) genuine (d) pretentious
(ii) The comment of Ben is
3. Victoria : Are we pinching it before Aunt Elizabeth
comes? (a) humorous (b) pretentious
(c) ironical (d) satirical
Henry : (Shocked) No, my child. Grandpa gave it
to your mother before he died. (iii) The relatives above are discussing about
__________ to be given in the newspaper.
(i) Victorias remarks reflect upon the behavior
(a) obituary (b) announcement
of the adults that they are
(a) hypocrites (b) mercenary (c) tribute (d) notice
(c) greed-driven (d) clever Answer : (i) (d) (ii) (d) (iii) (a)
(ii) Henry proves to be __________ from his
6. Shes never been here since grandfather brought
statement.
it. If it was only down here instead of in his room,
(a) submissive (b) gullible
shed never guess it wasnt our own.
(c) hen-pecked (d) vulnerable
[C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
(iii) Such pretensions and manipulative
(i) These words are said by
behaviour ends up __________ the lives of (a) Victoria (b) Amelia
children like Victoria (c) Elizabeth (d) Henry
(a) benefitting (b) guiding
(ii) The word it referred to here is
(c) harming (d) confusing
(a) the ornaments (b) the clock
Answer : (i) (a) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (c) the chest of drawers (d) bureau
(iii) The speaker is planning to
4. Mrs Slater : I could never fancy buying ready-
made things. (a) steal the clock before her sister comes
Ms Jordan : No? For myself its such a relief to get (b) bring the bureau down
Literature D 123
(c) send the child up to bring the keys (a) she should not cry.
(d) sell the old chest of drawers (b) she need not show off.
(c) he knew her real nature and wanted to
Answer : (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (b)
caution her that when they would face such
7. (Chirpily) Now, Amelia, you mustnt give way. a situation, it would be still worse.
Weve all got to die sometime or other. It might (d) He wanted to be lively and humorous in that
have been worse. [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)] grim situation.
(i) Who speaks these words? (iii) The literary device used in the given lines is :
(a) Ben (b) Mrs. Slater
(a) Personification (b) Irony
(c) Mrs. Jordan (d) Victoria
(c) Alliteration (d) Metaphor
(ii) The speaker is prompted to utter these words
to Amelia so that / because Answer : (i) (a) (ii) (c) (iii) (b)
Literature D 125
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Why does Mrs Slater instruct Victoria to extremely pleased is a prediction of the future course of
change her dress? things.
Ans : Mrs. Slater is very particular about mourning 7. Mrs Jordan, we want a verse that says how
dresses. Since her father has expired, she instructs her much we loved him and refers to all his good
daughter Victoria to quickly change her colourful dress qualities and says what a heavy loss were
into something sober, before the guests and relatives had. Point out the irony in this remark.
arrive. Ans : Mrs. Jordan, the daughter, wishes to show to the
2. Why were Mr and Mrs Jordan visiting the world how much they all loved their father, by choosing
Slaters after so many years? such words for his obituary. But the irony is that in reality,
Ans : Since Mr Abel Merryweather had expired, they do not love him nor do they care for any of his good
Mrs. Jordan, the daughter, was visiting her sisters family, qualities.
to look after the arrangements to be made for the fathers 8. After all Ive done for him, having to put up
death. with him in the house these three years. Its
3. Henry says, I suppose its in the family. Why nothing short of swindling who makes this
does Henry make this comment and what does remark and what does this reflect about the
it reflect about the two sisters? speakers attitude?
Ans : Henry is well aware that both the sisters Mrs Ans : Mrs. Slater makes the above remark in great
Slater and Mrs. Jordan are very mean and calculative, so agitation when Abel states that his entire property will go
they will not lose any chance to pinch things belonging to to the person with whom he would be staying, at the time
their family. When his wife brings the new slippers of her of his death, Mrs. Slater feels cheated. She believes that
father and gives to Henry, he makes this humorous looking after her father for these years has not benefitted
comment. her at all.
4. Mother and me is going to bring grandfathers 9. Describe the reaction of all Slaters and the
bureau down here. Who makes this remark Jordans when Abel Merryweather walks in the
and in what context? What does this reflect parlour?
about the speaker? Ans : Both the Jordans and the Slaters are too shocked.
Ans : Henry Slater tells his daughter Victoria that they There are no gasps of relief, none of them heaves a sigh
were shifting grandfathers bureau down because he had of happiness. Both the sisters are displeased to see their
gifted it to them. Victoria cannot believe it. This remark father alive. They had spent quite some money on their
depicts that Henry is not only a hen-pecked husband but mourning dresses. Mrs. Jordan had made this visit only
also a hypocrite, who just does what his wife tells him. He because of her fathers death.
has no individuality of his own. 10. Why are Amelia and Elizabeth reluctant to tell
5. For myself its such a relief to get into the the truth to their father regarding their
black. Who makes the above remark and what mourning dresses? What stories do they cook
is the context? up to convince their father?
Ans : Mrs Jordan makes the above remark because she Ans : Abel Merryweather is shocked to see his
got delayed due to a new mourning dress for herself. She daughters in mourning dresses and when he wishes to
was not bothered about her father but worried about know the reason, he is told that Bens brother has expired.
appearing in a new mourning dress. This indicates her They further tell lies that the brother was in Australia and
pretentious nature without any thought for her father. he was older by five years.
6. Mrs Slater says, he must have gone round to 11. Why does Mr Abel Merryweather decide to
the Ring-O-Bells afterwards, for he came in make another will? What is the reaction of the
as merry as a sand boy regarding Abel others?
Merryweather. Do you think this remark is a Ans : Abel notices how his things are pinched away
prediction of the things to come? and his daughters are wearing mourning dresses, without
Ans : Yes, this remark is a death-knell on the plans even going and looking him up. Mrs Slater is shocked and
forged by the two sisters to grab their fathers money. The even after keeping father for three years, Abel has decided
fact that Abel is going there too often and is looking to gift his money to the daughter, who will be with him at
D 126 New Wave Communicative English X
the time of his death. Both the daughters fight with each Ans : Abel makes a very dramatic announcement in the
other to keep him. end that he is going to marry Mrs. Shorrocks who keeps
the Ring-O-Bells. Moreover he is going to take away his
12. What is the most surprising announcement
things and leave nothing for his daughters.
made by Mr Abel in the end? How does it affect
the other characters? [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
1. You are a neighbour of Mrs Slater on Upper ladies spare no thought for their father and worry about
Cornbank Street. You have witnessed the outdoing each other in wearing mourning dresses. For
indifferent and insensitive manner in which them the death of their father is like a drama that needs to
Mrs Slater looks after her father and how the be staged with best outfits. Both the husbands are
poor father contrives ways to stay out of the henpecked and they go according to their wives. Henry
house. Write a letter to a friend expressing your knows that his wife is an opportunist but he assists her in
grave concern at the way in which the elderly carrying the bureau down. The husbands have no
people are neglected. individualities except to pamper the whims of their wives.
Ans : Post Carter Road, 3. Victoria is the only one who loves her
Mumbai grandfather. She is also a witness to the
30 March, 2010 manipulations and the mercenary behaviour of
Dear Alina, her parents and her aunt and uncle. She writes
With a heavy heart, I am writing this letter as I a diary expressing shock at their attitude and
fear for our advancing age. The Slaters are our neighbours the emotional loss she would undergo after her
and Mrs. Slater treats her father so badly, that I fear how grandfathers departure. [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)]
our old age will fare. The old father is very sporting, friendly Ans : Dear Diary,
and happy-go-lucky and still treated badly. He is not the
Today is the worst day of my life, when Grandpa
demanding type, but still Mrs. Slater is always cribbing
was supposed to have passed away. I am deeply shocked
about keeping him. Mr Abel, that is his name, hardly stays
at the behaviour of my mother and father, who are pinching
at home and goes about to visit people even when he is
the belongings of my Grandpa. Imagine none even went
sick and should be tended. His granddaughter Victoria is
to look up Grandpa. I know Grandpa was not happy living
the only one who cares for him but a child cannot have
with us, I tried my best but mummy never listens. Even
her way. Mrs Slater is always trying to take away Mr Abels
papa supports her. I am so ashamed to see their hypocrisy.
things, one way or the other. These days he appears to
I dont know how they will expect respect from me, when
be looking better because I have heard in the neighbourhood,
they have behaved so abominably. I pity Grandpa for this
that he is apparently seeing some old widow Mrs. Shorrock.
treatment. Oh! how I wish I was grown up enough to look
Atleast there is some light in his life, some flicker of hope. after him.
God save us from such children. I hope we do not face
any such problems. Do write to me. Victoria.
Your sister, 4. Many years have elapsed. Mr Abel
Agatha. Merryweather passed away some years back.
Mrs Slater is old and she realises how greedily
2. Discuss the character-sketch of Mrs Jordan and
she had behaved with her father. She is grief-
Mrs Slater as opposed to the characters of their
stricken and regrets her actions. She unburdens
husbands.
her self in a diary-entry. Compose this on her
Ans : Mrs Slater is clever, manipulative and mean,
behalf.
much like her sister Mrs. Jordan. Their aim in life is to do
nothing for their father and derive maximum benefit. If Ans : Dear Diary,
Amelia takes away her fathers slippers, bureau and clock, I am so depressed because for a long time I have
Elizabeth wants to take away her fathers watch. Both the not received any letter from Victoria. Victoria has always
Literature D 127
been cold and unresponsive towards me. I know she will neighbourhood.
never forgive the treatment I gave to my father. The minds
Dont get shocked to hear about my marriage at
of young children are impressionable and she will never
this ripe age when I have a full fledged family of two
change her opinion or learn to respect me. I am sick, old,
children and grand children. I myself never thought of taking
and I need care but do I deserve any care, after the way
such a drastic step had I not got over drunk one night
I treated my father. On God! I feel so guilty. I wish I
and slept till late in the morning. That was a blessing in
could turn the clock back. I made my father most unhappy
disguise, I could see the hypocrisy of my daughters. My
so ill-luck and misery has to happen to me. I wish I could
supposed death was no loss to them since they considered
make amends.
me a burden. My death became a kind of competition for
Amelia both of them. They outshone each other in wearing the
5. You are Abel Merryweather. Express your ideas/ best mourning dresses and took away the things from my
feelings after you wake up and come to know room in the presence of my supposed dead body and started
about your daughters feelings/greed and accusing each other. It is only my granddaughter who has
intentions. some feelings for me.
Or Sensing the mercenary nature of my daughters, I
Abel in The Dear Departed is very upset at have taken a stern decision, to spend the fag end of my
the behaviour of his family. He expresses his life in good care. I have outwitted all of them and have
feelings to a close friend in a letter. As Abel, planned to Marry Mrs Shorrock who would look after me
write this letter. [C.B.S.E. 2011 (T-1)] better. Moreover, I am going to take away all my things
and leave nothing for them. I hope you will appreciate
Ans : Dear Anthony,
my decision. Do come to St. Wilson church on Monday,
You must be surprised to get my letter after such
the day I am getting married, at 11 a.m.
a long time. But frankly speaking I did not find anyone
in this whole world to become a witness to my marriage Yours very own
with Mrs. Shorrock, a widow, running a school in our Abel Merrywheater.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. It is an undeniable fact that the best classroom in the world is at the feet of
grandparents. They have an endless treasure of stories to tell their
grandchildren. They have silver in their hair, gold in their hearts. They have
a life-time of experience to bestow on their grandchildren. Write a short
character-sketch of your grandfather, highlighting the special qualities you
have learnt from him.
4. Ponto is very naughty. Every time he loves playing pranks on his dadajee.
Imagine his pranks and write a short story titled Naughty Ponto and His
Dadajee.
Literature D 129
2 JULIUS CAESAR
By William Shakespeare
INTRODUCTION
Julius Caesar is a historical play which depicts events that took place around 42 B.C. Shakespeare has very
deftly presented this political drama which is punctuated by personal strifes and moral dilemmas, faced by the main
characters of the play.
Julius Caesar is an able general, statesman and an immensely popular Roman. He returns to Rome amidst cheers
and adulation after defeating the sons of Pompey. The Romans turn up in large numbers to cheer him since he has
filled up the coffers of Rome. Caesar refuses the crown, which is offered to him three times. But it is feared that he
may one day ascend the throne and revoke the privileges of men like Cassius. The threat that Caesar was moving away
from the ideals of Roman principles towards an empire ruled directly by himself, is the chief reason that Brutus joins
the conspirators. Brutus is the most trusted, respected and noble of all Romans, but has a false conception of honour.
He is an idealist, but is not shrewd enough to sense the purpose of the conspirators like Cassius.
SUMMARY lkjka'k
Caesar wanders about in his night-gown and is
kept awake by Calpurnias nightmares. She called out in lhkj jkr osQ lksus osQ fyckl esa b/j&m/j ?kwers jgrs gSA
her sleep about supernatural omens that spelled disaster. D;ksafd oSQyiwu;k osQ Hk;kud lius vkSj Mjkouh ph[ksa mUgsa lksus ugha
Calpurnia believes that such bad omens are a premonition nsrhaA og uhan esa vykSfdd ?kVukvksa vkSj iwokZHkkl dh psrkouh nsrh
of evil and some harm would befall Caesar. Caesar rebuffs jgrh gaS vkSj dgrh gSa fd ;g vi'kxqu iwokZHkkl gS DqQN cqjk vkSj
her, refusing to give in to fear. Caesar deems the signs to
Hk;kud ?kVuk lhkj osQ lkFk gksxh lhkj mUgsa MkVrs gaS vkSj Mj dk
apply to the world in general and refuses to believe they
bore ill for him personally. Finally, Calpurnia prevails f'kdkj gksus ls badkj djrs gSaA lhkj dgrs gSa fd ;g fpg~u rks lalkj
upon Caesar to stay at home. Decius Brutus jeopardises osQ fy, gks ldrs gSaA os bl ckr ij iwjh rjg ls fo'okl djus ls
Calpurnias plan and forces Caesar to go to the Senate, badkj djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd mUgsa dksbZ [krjk ugha gSA
where the senators were waiting to offer a crown to him. var esa oSQyiwu;k mUgsa ?kj ij gh jgus osQ fy, jkth dj ysrh
On his way, Caesar rejects the petition of Cimber to revoke
the orders for his brothers banishment. This proves to be
gSA Msfl;l czwVl oSQyiwfuZ;k dh ;kstukvksa ij ikuh isQj nsrs gSa vkSj
the last nail in his coffin. Immediately afterwards, Casca lhkj dks ekcwj dj nsrs gSa fd os lhusV tk, tgk lnL; mUgsa rkt
and other senators along with Brutus stab Caesar. Caesars igukus dk barkkj dj jgs gSaA
last words are, Et tu Brute? ekxZ esa tkrs gq, lhkj] lcj dh ;kfpdk dks fd mlosQ HkkbZ
The conspirators turn to the plebians and start osQ fuokZlu osQ vkns'k dks okfil fy;k tk;s] jn~n dj nsrs gSaA ;g
shouting slogans of Liberty, Freedom and muosQ rkcwr esa vkf[kjh dhsy FkhA mlosQ rqjUr ckn] dkLdk vkSj nwljs
Enfranchisement as if they were safeguarding the rights
of all the Romans.
lHkh lHkk lnL; ftuesa czwVl Hkh 'kkfey gS mUgsa dVkj HkkSad dj ekj
nsrs gSaA lhkj osQ vkf[kjh 'kCn ^^rqe Hkh czwVl** FksA
Mark Antony is too dumbstruck to see Caesars
dead body in a pool of blood, but tactfully restrains himself lcj "kM;a=kdkjh turk dh vksj >qdko fn[kkrs gq, ukjs yxkrs
from making any statements. He requests Brutus for gSa Liberty, Freedom, Enfranchisement ^vkkknh & Lora=krk]
allowing him to make a funeral speech. Dismissing jktuhfrd vf/dkjA ekuksa os turk dks vk'oklu ns jgs gksa fd os
Cassius objection, Brutus allows him but only after he has lHkh jkseokfl;ksa osQ vf/dkjksa dh j{kk dj jgs gSaA
himself addressed the plebians. Antony uses his excellent
oratorical skills very cleverly and succeeds in inciting the ekoZQ ,aVuh (Mark Antony) lhkj dh [kwu ls luh yk'k dks
mob to mutiny and wreck havoc against the conspirators. ns[k HkkSapDdk gS ijUrq oqQ'kyrk ls vius euksHkkoksa dks Nqikrs gq, oqQN
Brutus and others have to flee for their lives and Octavious Hkh dgus ls vius dks jksdrk gSA og czwVl ls vkKk ekxrk gS fd og
Caesar arrives to clinch the victory for Antony and save nIkQukus dh f;k ls igys turk dks lEcksf/r dj oqQN dgsA
Caesars honour. oSQfl;l osQ fojks/ dks ukjvankk dj czwVl mls btkkr ns nsrk gS fd
D 130 New Wave Communicative English X
og turk ls nks 'kCn dgsA ,aVuh viuh vn~Hkqr] Hkk"k.k nsus dh dyk WORDMEANINGS
dk iwjk bLrseky djrs gq, turk dks Hkkfor djus esa lIkQy gks tkrk Whelped : Cried l Yawned : opened up l Portents :
gSA HkhM+ cxkor ij vkeknk gksdj "kM;a=kdkfj;ksa osQ fo# rksM+iQksM+ ill-omens l Imminent : going to occur l Cognisance :
'kq: dj nsrh gSA czwVl vkSj nwljs "kM;a=kdkjh viuh tku cpk dj notice l Puissant : powerful l Couchings : bowing
Hkkxrs gSa vkSj vkDVsfo;l lhkj vk dj ,aVuh dh fot; dks iDdk l Decree : judicial decision l Pre-ordinance : before
djrs gq, lhkj dh fr"Bk dk eku j[krs gSaA authoritative order l Cur : dog l Enfranchisement :
right to vote l Strife : War l Coffers : treasury.
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (SOLVED)
6. Answer the following questions briefly. (e) What arguments did Brutus and other
(a) How do the heavens blaze forth the death of conspirators give to justify the killing of
Caesar? [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)]
Julius Caesar? [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)]
Ans. Calpurnia sees ill-omens that predict the death Ans. Julius Caesar is an able general and a mighty
of Caesar beforehand. The heavens predict the death of conqueror who has brought great glory to Rome. It is
princes and great kings. There were fierce battles, blood believed by many that Caeser is too ambitious and would
rained, ghosts were seen, graves opened up, battle cries one day be the Roman emperor and a dictator. Jealous
were heard. All this signalled that someone as powerful as of Caesars growing power, Cassius instigates a conspirary
Caesar was bound to suffer. to murder Caesar. The conspirators were unhappy with
Caesars obstinacy and egoistic behaviour. Cassius was
(b) What does Calpurnia convince Caesar of?
jealous of Caesars soaring power and popularity. According
Ans. She convinces Caesar to avoid going to the
to Cassius, Caesar was a tyrant who wanted to treat the
senate. She believed that Caesar would be safe if he stays
Romans as slaves and that Roman liberty and democracy
at home.
were under threat from Caesar. Brutus stabbed Caesar
(c) Why does Calpurnia say Caesars wisdom is because he was an idealist and believed that ambition and
consumed in confidence? What does it mean? tyranny should be nipped in the bud but Cassius killed
Ans. When Caesar is adamant about going to the Caesar because he wanted to be a part of the Roman
senate, Calpurnia dissuades him. But Caesar believes that triumvirate.
ill-omens are for the weak and not for the mighty like him. (f) Why is Decius more successful than Calpurnia
Then Calpurnia says that Caesars over confidence has
in persuading Caesar? [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)]
clouded his wisdom. He was so confident that he refused
to see reason nor understood the indication behind the ill- Ans. Decius interprets Calpurnias dream as a fair
omens. and fortunate vision. He says that the vision of Romans
bathing in Caesars blood signifies Caesars spirit or
(d) What was Calpurnias dream? How was it influence will increase manifold. Basically he boosts
interpreted by Decius Brutus? Caesars ego, flatters his greatness and might and makes
[C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)] him feel more powerful. So Caesar is happier with his
Ans. Calpurnia sees a terrifying dream in which version.
Caesar is murdered, his statue is gushing blood and many (g) What is the petition put before Caesar by the
smiling Romans are bathing their hands in his blood. conspirators? How does Caesar respond to it?
Calpurnia was not superstitious but earlier in the night Ans. The conspirators want Caesar to pardon Publius
she had a nightmare comprising the dead man walking Cimber and recall the order of his banishment. Caesar
about. She felt that the dream was a premonition of the refuses the request and says that his order cannot be changed
evil that was going to befall Caesar. So she forbids Caesar and he will stick to his decision.
to go to the Senate. But Decius cleverly interprets it
(h) Who says Ete tu Brute? When and why?
positively. He says that the vision of Romans bathing in
Caesars blood signifies that Caesars spirit or influence Ans. Caesar utters these words which mean, you
will touch many lives; staining their handkerchieves in too, Brutus. These are uttered when Brutus stabs Caesar
Caesars blood indicates reverence, dedication and a token and Caesar is too hurt to see that even his dear friend
Brutus could resort to such treachery.
of memory on part of the Romans.
Literature D 131
(i) In the moments following Caesars death, how Antonys request for giving a speech? What
do the conspirators proclaim to justify are the conditions imposed by them.
Caesars death? [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)] Ans. Cassius is very much against Antonys idea of
Ans. The conspirators wish to justify Caesars death speech but Brutus feels that no harm can befall him and
by announcing their love and loyalty to Rome. They say others with just a speech. Brutus says that he will give a
that Caesar was very ambitious and Romans would have speech first and justify Caesars death so there will not be
become slaves under his autocratic rule. According to a problem, if Antony delivers his speech later. Moreover
Brutus, Caesar was a tyrant and Roman liberty and Antony is had agreed to deliver the speech from the same
democracy was under threat and Caesar wished to become platform and not talk against them.
an Emperor.
(n) When he is left alone with the body of Caesar
(j) What does Antony say after Caesars death, what does Antony call Brutus and others?
when he sees the body of Caesar? Ans. Antony curses the murderers and he seeks
Ans. Antony apologises to Caesars body for being forgiveness for being polite to them. He calls them
meek and gentle with his murderers. He curses the hands butchers who killed the noblest of men.
that killed such a noble man. He also requests them to kill
(o) What prediction does Antony make regarding
him for he cannot tolarate Caesars death.
the future events in Rome?
(k) How do Brutus and Cassius respond to Ans. Antony prophesies that Rome will be ravaged
Antonys speech? with civil war, violence and extreme blood shed will leave
Ans. Both Brutus and Cassius request Antony not to the earth full of dead bodies. Goddess of revenge will
plead for his own death. They offer him authority and descend on earth with Caesars spirit and the stench of
good position and ask for his support in the murder of dead bodies will fill the earth.
Caesar.
(p) Who says let him be Caesar? What light
(l) Whom does Antony call the choice and does this throw on the speaker?
master spirits of this age. Why? Ans. The 3rd citizen says this. This statement reflects
Ans. Antony calls Brutus and Cassius the most the vulnerability of the mob who believe, whatever is told
powerful people after Caesars death; they have all the to them. They say that Brutus should be put in place of
power. Moreover, he wants to flatter their ego, to pretendCaesar, after being impressed by his speech. Later
that he is not against them. they turn towards Mark Antony and are ready to kill Brutus
(m) How do Brutus and Cassius respond to and others.
7. Julius Caesar and Antony reveal something about their character in their words and actions. We also learn
about them from what other people say. Can you pick out the words that describe them from the box given
below? Also, pick out lines from the play to illustrate your choice.
superstitious arrogant loyal clever
overconfident manipulative good orator ambitious
brave great conqueror generous fearless
loves flattery firm shrewd crafty
8. In the play Julius Caesar, we meet the Roman mob. We find that as Brutus and Antony speak, the mob
displays certain qualities and characteristics.
Given below are some characteristics of the mob. Complete the table by quoting the lines wherein these
are revealed.
6. We will be revenged
Seek Burn! Fire! kill! slay! Violent
9. Antony employs a number of devices to produce the desired effect on the mob. These devices may be
described as rhetorical devices. He first speaks in such a manner that it seems to the mob that he is in full
agreement with Brutus about Caesar. Then step by step he moves away from Brutus position, depicting
Brutus as a villain and Caesar as a wronged man. Copy and complete the following table by showing how
Antony builds the argument in Caesars favour.
Literature D 133
Antonys words Argument
1. I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. Does not wish to eulogise Caesar
2. The noble Brutus Seemingly agrees with Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: Ironical.
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar anserd it.
3. I thrice presented him the crown, he refused it Pretends to say that Caesar was ambitious
Yet Brutus says that he was ambitious Clever
4. I rather choose to wrong the dead and you He does not intend to wrong Irony
Then I will wrong such honourable men Brutus and Cassius
5. If Brutus so unkindly knocked, or no Brutus was greatly loved by Caesar
For Brutus was Caesars angel (hints at his treachery) manipulative
Read the following and write the most appropriate (a) Brave do not think of death
option from the ones given to you : (b) Brave are always ready to die
1. Calpurnia : When beggars die, there are no comets (c) Brave are always thinking of death
seen, the heavens themselves blaze (d) Death always favours the brave
forth the death of princes.
Caesar : Cowards die many times before their (iv) What does the above conversation reflect
deaths; about Caesars character?
The valiant never taste of death but (a) proud (b) selfless
once. (c) fearless (d) superstitious
(i) Why does Calpurnia make the above Answers : (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (a) (iv) (c)
observation?
(a) She is a coward 2. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes
(b) She is unsure of Caesars capability In which so many smiling Romans bathed
(c) She wishes to stop Caesar from going to Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck
the senate Reviving blood, and that great man shall press
(d) She is superstitious For tinctures, stains, relics and cognisance.
(ii) How do heavens differentiate between the (i) Who is the speaker and who is being
death of a prince and a beggar? addressed here?
(a) Heavens are indifferent (a) CaesarCalpurnia (b) CaesarAntony
(b) There are ill omens when the mighty are (c) DeciusCaesar (d) CalpurniaDecius
going to fall (ii) What is the context of this speech?
(c) Beggars and poor are given special (a) Calpurnias dream
preference (b) Caesars statue spouting blood
(d) It is the duty of Heavens to show some (c) Caesars visit to Senate
omens (d) Some personal problem between Caesar
(iii) What is Caesars logic for not fearing and Calpurnia
death? (iii) How will Rome be benefitted as a result?
Literature D 135
(a) Caesars enemies will decrease 4. O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth,
(b) He will become more powerful That I am meek and gentle with these batchers
(c) Rome will gain strength and sustenance Thou art the ruins of the noblest man
from Caesar that ever lived in the tide of times.
(d) Caeser will exploit the weak. woe to the hand that shed this costly blood!
(iv) What is the effect of this speech on the over thy wounds now do I prophecy,
listener? [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)]
(a) Caesar is shocked (i) Who is referred to as bleeding piece of
(b) Calpurnia is amazed earth?
(c) Caesar looks up to Decius in disbelief (a) Rome (b) Caesars dead body
(d) Caesar is full of praise for Decius
(c) Brutus (d) Caesars home
Answers : (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (c) (iv) (d) (ii) What crime have the Butchers committed?
3. I must prevent thee, Cimber. (a) tyranny against Rome
These couchings and these lowly courtesies (b) Shed blood of Romans
Might fire the blood of ordinary men, (c) killed Caesar
And turn pre-ordinance and first decree (d) looted the coffers of Rome
into the laws of children. (iii) The speaker is full of grief at the death of
Caesar, but his behaviour is very meek and
(i) What is the reason for this speech?
gentle towards the conspirators? Why?
(a) Caesars anger at Cimbers request
(a) He is afraid of them
(b) Caesars politeness to pardon Cimbers
(b) His own life is in danger
brother
(c) He wishes to sidetrack them
(c) Cimbers audacity to provoke Caesar
(d) He is calm by nature
(d) Caesars ignorance of the rules of Rome.
(iv) What prophecy does the speaker make?
(ii) What kind of behaviour is disliked by the
(a) Rome will be destroyed
speaker?
(b) Caesar will be grieved
(a) giving compliments (c) Conspirators will meet their doom soon
(b) bowing and bending to impress (d) Rome will not be at peace ever
(c) acts of cowardice
(d) acts of defiance and opposition (v) Who are the conspirators?
(a) Brutus and Antony
(iii) What is the speakers conception of law? (b) Cassius and Brutus
(a) Laws are a childs play (c) Caesar and Calpurnia
(b) Laws cannot be changed at will (d) Antony and Cimber
(c) Laws should be flexible
(d) Laws can be bent to save the guilty Answers : (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (b)
Literature D 137
They that have done this deed are honourable (ii) How does Brutus justify the assassination
What private griefs they have, alas, I know not of Caesar?
That made them do it. (a) Brutus said that Caesar was ambitious.
(b) Brutus said that he would enslave Rome.
(i) What is the occasion of Mark Antonys
(c) Brutus said that he would become a tyrant.
speech?
(d) All of the above
(a) Caesars birthday
(b) Anniversary of Roman invasion (iii) How did the mob react to the speech given
(c) Caesars murder by Brutus?
(d) Antonys celebration (a) The mob revolted against Brutus.
(ii) What does the use of stir and muting (b) The mob agreed with Brutus decision.
reveal about the purpose of Antonys (c) The mob criticised Brutus decision
speech? (d) None of the above.
(a) It is a wake-up case for Romans Answers : (i) (a) (ii) (d) (iii) (b) (iv) (b)
(b) He wants them to rise up and revolt
10. You know not what you do. Do not
(c) He wants most of them to bow before
Caesars statue Consent that Antony speak in his funeral.
(d) He does not want anything from the (i) _____ funeral is being talked about.
Romans (a) Cassiuss (b) Caesars
(c) Brutuss (d) none of the above
(iii) What is meant by private griefs?
(a) virtues (ii) The person had been____
(b) personal problems (a) killed in the war
(c) professional jealousy (b) poisoned
(d) treason against Rome (c) killed by his own friends
(d) killed by a wild animal
(iv) Who are the sweet friends Antony wishes
to address? (iii) The speaker did not want Antony to speak
(a) Brutus and Cassius because :
(b) Romans (a) he was not a good speaker.
(c) Decius (b) he might instigate the public.
(c) he will not let anyone else speak.
(d) Calpurnia and Caesars relatives
(d) none of the above.
Answers : (i) (c) (ii) (b) (iii) (b) (iv) (b) Answers : (i) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (b)
9. If there by any in this assembly, any dear friend 11. Calpurnia : What mean you, Caesar? Think you to
of Caesars to him I say, that work forth? You shall not stir of your
Brutus love to Ceasar was no less than his. If house today
then that friend demand why Brutus rose Caesar : Caesar shall forth.
against Caesar, this is my answer. Not that I loved (i) Calpurnia stopped Caesar from going out
Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you of the house because
rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than
(a) Caesars enemies were out to kill him
that Caesar were dead, to live all free men?
(b) Caesar war not well
(i) Why according to Brutus, did he kill (c) Calpurnia saw Caesar being killed in her
Caesar? dream
(a) Brutus wanted to save Rome from slavery (d) it was raining heavily
(b) Brutus hated Caesar. (ii) Caesar wanted to go out of the house
because
(c) Cassius forced Brutus to kill Caesar
(a) he didnt care about his wife
(d) Brutus himself wanted to become the king (b) he wanted to throw the enemies of Rome
of Rome. out of the country
D 138 New Wave Communicative English X
(c) he was worried about the safety of the (d) Antony
common man (ii) What does this tell us about the character
(d) he had to attend an important meeting of the speaker?
(iii) These lines tell us about Caesar that he (a) He / She is nervous
(a) was a superstitious person (b) He / She is superstitious
(b) was a coward (c) He / She is rational
(c) was proud (d) He / She is strong and bold
(d) was soft-hearted (iii) They in the above extract refer to some
Answers : (i) (c) (ii) (c) (iii) (c) sights seen by his wife. What are they?
(a) graves opening and yielding the dead
12. Caesar, I have never stood on ceremonies, (b) lightning shattering the skies
Yet now they fright me (c) a lioness giving birth in the street
(i) _____ who says these words to Caesar? (d) all of the above
(a) Calpurnia, his wife Answers : (i) (a) (ii) (b) (iii) (d)
(b) Decius
(c) The watchman
Literature D 141
and orchards for the people of Rome. He was a champion Antony respects Caesar and his love is proved
of Roman liberty and wanted to make Rome a very by his tribute offered to Caesar on his funeral.
powerful nation. Hearing all this, mob feel emotionally
7. Caesar had done a lot of good things for
supportive of Antony and he was able to provoke them to
rise against Brutus and others. the people of Rome. Yet he got nothing but
death. Do you think his end was justified?
5. What are the contents of Caesars will? What Explain.
effects do these exert on the attitude of the [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)]
Romans? Ans : Caesar was a great diplomat and a zealous
Ans : Antony shows Caesar s will gradually by Republican. He is ambitious, dominant and often
increasing the suspense and by asking the conspirators to aggressive and rude. He is also haughty, boastful and
circle around it. First he shows his unwillingness to reveal arrogant. He calls men like Decius Brutus curs and calls
it, which makes the Romans very excited. They are the senators grey beards. He succumbs to flattery and
pleasantly surprised to discover that Caesar has left all his that proves to be his undoing. Though he has the welfare
riches and belongings to them. All his walks, gardens, of Rome at his heart but he comes across as very arrogant
chambers, orchards for the use of local Romans. This who would never change himself for anything and anyone.
makes all the Romans very emotional and they feel that He is insulting to many and this infuriates people like
Caesar has been wronged and rise to mutiny. The mob is Decius Brutus. However, his murder is not justified in any
basically fickle-minded. Firstly, they are swayed by the way because he was a true Roman and a benefactor of the
emotions of Brutus and support him. Later they feel common people.
emotionally supportive of Antony and get provoked to rise
against Brutus and others. 8. Why did Calpurnia try to prevent Caesar from
going to the senate house? Did she succeed in
6. Discuss the character of Caesar in the light of her mission? Why/Why not?
the following : [C.B.S.E. 2012 (T-2)]
(a) As a husband
Ans : Caesar is a fearless valiant and believes that the
(b) As a statesman
fixed hour of death cannot be averted. When Caesar is
(c) As a friend adamant about going to the Senate, Calpurnia dissuades
Ans :(a) Caesar is a concerned husband and gives due him pleading that she has seen a terrifying dream in which
regard to Calpurnias fears by refusing to go Caesar is murdered, his statute is gushing blood and many
to the senate. He is thoughtful of her smiling Ramans are bathing their hands in his blood. She
considerations and does believe that she has only also sees a dead man walking about. She feels that the
his true interests at heart. dream was premonition of the evil that was going to befall
(b) Caesar is an able general, very valiant and bent Caesar.
upon the welfare of Rome. He has waged wars, So she forbids him to go to the senate. But she
brought many captives and filled the coffers of doesnt succeed in her attempt because Decius Brutus
Rome. He is conceited but not unmindful of the cleverly interprets it positively. He says that the vision of
liberty of local people. He had refused to become Romans bathing in Caesars blood signifies that Caesars
the Emperor of Rome, thrice. spirit or influence will touch many lives, and are indicates
(c) Caesar was a true friend of Antony and Brutus. reverence and dedication for Caesar on part of the
He was very loyal and was most hurt to see Romans. Caesar comes under the flatery of Brutus and
that even his dear friend Brutus had stabbed him. refuses the requests of Calpurnia and leaves for the Senate.
Literature D 143