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Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

Bi 1: Trong h ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD cnh AC c phng trnh l:


x 7 y 31 0, hai nh B, D ln lt thuc cc ng thng d1 : x y 8 0,
d 2 : x 2 y 3 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi bit rng din tch hnh thoi bng 75 v
nh A c honh m.

Gii:
B d1 B (b;8 b), D d 2 (2d 3; d ).
uuur b 2d 3 b d 8
Khi BD (b 2d 3; b d 8) v trung im ca BD l I ; .
2 2
Theo tnh cht hnh thoi ta c :
uuur uuur
BD AC u AC .BD 0 8b 13d 13 0 b 0
.
I AC I AC 6b 9d 9 0 d 1
Suy ra B(0;8); D(1;1) .
1 9
Khi I ; ; A AC A(7a 31; a ) .
2 2
1 2S 15
S ABCD AC.BD AC ABCD 15 2 IA
2 BD 2
2 2 2
63 9 225 9 9 a 3 A(10;3) (ktm)
7 a a a Suy ra C (10;3) .
2 2 2 2 4 a 6 A(11;6)

Bi 2: Trong h ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : x y 2 0 v d 2 : x 2 y 2 0 . Gi


s d1 ct d 2 ti I . Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M (1;1) ct d1 v d 2
tng ng ti A, B sao cho AB 3IA .

Gii:
I d1 ct d 2 ti I ( 2; 0). Chn A0 (0; 2) d1 , ta c
IA0 2 2 .
A0
B0 Ly B0 (2 2b; b) d 2 sao cho
A
M A0 B0 3IA0 6 2
B
(2 2b) 2 (b 2) 2 72
d1
d2
b4 B0 (6; 4)
5b 2 4b 64 0 6 42 16
b B0 ; .
5 5 5
Suy ra ng thng l ng thng qua M (1; 1) v song song vi A0 B0 .
Suy ra phng trnh : x y 0 hoc : x 7 y 6 0.

1
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

Bi 3: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I(2;1) v AC =


1
2BD. im M (0; ) thuc ng thng AB, im N(0; 7) thuc ng thng CD. Tm ta
3
nh B bit B c honh dng.

Gii:
Gi N l im i xng ca N qua I th N thuc AB,

xN ' 2 xI xN 4
ta c:
y N ' 2 y I y N 5
Phng trnh ng thng AB: 4x + 3y 1 = 0

4.2 3.1 1
Khong cch t I n ng thng AB: d 2
42 32
AC = 2. BD nn AI = 2 BI, t BI = x, AI = 2x trong tam gic vung ABI c:
1 1 1
2
2 2 suy ra x = 5 suy ra BI = 5
d x 4x
im B l giao im ca ng thng 4x + 3y 1 = 0 vi ng trn tm I bn knh 5

4x 3y 1 0
Ta B l nghim ca h: B c honh dng nn B( 1; -1)
( x 2) ( y 1) 5
2 2

Bi 4: Trong h ta Oxy cho ng thng : x 2 y 3 0 v hai im A(1; 0), B(3; -


uuur uuur
4). Hy tm trn ng thng mt im M sao cho MA 3MB nh nht.
Gii:
5
Gi I l trung im ca AB, J l trung im ca IB. Khi I(1 ; -2), J( ; 3 )
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuu
r uuur uuur 2
Ta c : MA 3MB (MA MB ) 2MB 2MI 2MB 4MJ
uuur uuur
V vy MA 3MB nh nht khi M l hnh chiu vung gc ca J trn ng thng
ng thng JM qua J v vung gc vi c phng trnh: 2x y 8 = 0.
2
x
x 2 y 3 0 5 19 2
Ta im M l nghim ca h . Vy M( ; )
2x y 8 0 y 19 5 5
5

Bi 5: Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho im P(7;8) v hai ng thng


2
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

d1 :2 x 5 y 3 0 ; d 2 :5 x 2 y 7 0 ct nhau ti A . Vit phng trnh ng thng d3 i


qua P to vi d1 , d 2 thnh tam gic cn ti A v c din tch bng 14,5 .

Gii :
Ta c A(1; 1) v d1 d 2 . Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi d1 , d 2 l:
1: 7 x 3 y 4 0 v 2: 3 x 7 y 10 0
d3 to vi d1 , d 2 mt tam gic vung cn d3 vung gc vi 1 hoc 2..
Phng trnh ca d3 c dng: 7 x 3 y C 0 hay 3x 7 y C 0
Mt khc, d3 qua P(7;8) nn C = 25 ; C = 77
Suy ra : d3 : 7 x 3 y 25 0 hay d3 :3 x 7 y 77 0
29
Theo gi thit tam gic vung cn c din tch bng cnh huyn bng 58
2
58 d ( A, d )
Suy ra di ng cao A H = = 3
2
58
Vi d3 : 7 x 3 y 25 0 th d ( A; d3 ) ( tm)
2
87
Vi d3 : 3 x 7 y 77 0 th d ( A; d 3 ) ( loi )
58

Bi 6: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh B 2;1 , im A thuc Oy,

im C thuc Ox ( xC 0 ), gc BAC 30o ; bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
bng 5 . Xc nh to im A v C.

Gii:
Gi C(c;0); A(0;a); ta c:
BC 2 R sin 30o 5 BC 2 5 c 2 0 1 5 c 0 , c 4 (loai )
2 2

Suy ra C(0 ;0) trng vi im O .Gi H hnh chiu vung gc im B trn Oy ta c tam
gic BHA mt na tam gic u .Nn BA =2 BH do HA = 2 3 A(0;1 2 3) hoc
A(0;1 2 3)
Vy c A(0;1 2 3) , B(-2 ;1) , C(0 ;0) hoc A(0;1 2 3) , B(-2 ;1) , C(0 ;0)

Bi 7: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn C : x y 6 x 2 y 6 0 v im


2 2

A(1;3) ; Mt ng thng d i qua A, gi B, C l giao im ca ng thng d vi (C).


Lp phng trnh ca d sao cho AB AC nh nht.

Gii:
Tm ng trn I (3; 1), R 2; IA 2 5 d ( I , A) R 2 nn im A nm ngoi (C)
Ta c PA/ (C ) AB.AC = d2- - R2 = 16 ; v AB AC 2 AB. AC 2.4 8 du =xy ra AB
= AC = 4 . Khi d l tip tuyn ca (C), d c dng a ( x 1) b( y 3) 0 ax by a 3b 0

3
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

3a b a 3a b0 b0 b4
T ta c d ( I , d ) 2 2 3b 2 4ab chn
a 2 b2 4a 3b a 1 a 3
Vy phng trnh d : x 1 , 3x 4 y 15 0

Bi 8: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (T): x 2 y 2 2 x 4 y 8 0 v im


M (7;7) . Chng minh rng t M k n (T) c hai tip tuyn MA, MB vi A, B l cc tip
im. Tm ta tm ng trn ni tip tam gic MAB.
Gii:
(T ) ( x 1)2 ( y 2)2 13 I (1; 2); R 13
uuur
Ta c: IM (6;9) IM 117 13 . Suy ra im M nm
ngoi (T). Vy t M k n (T) c 2 tip tuyn.. Gi
K MI AmB . Ta c MA MB, IA IB MI l ng
trung trc ca AB

KA = KB KAB KBA KAM KBM K l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic


MAB.
x 1 2t
PTTS MI: , MI (T ) ti K1(3;1) v K2(-8;-12)
y 2 3t
Ta c AK1 AK 2 . Vy K K1 , tc l K(3;1)

Bi 9: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c AB 5, C (1; 1) ,


ng thng AB c phng trnh l x 2 y 3 0 v trng tm G ca tam gic ABC thuc
ng thng : x y 2 0 . Tm ta cc nh A v B.

Gii:
uuur 2 uur
Gi I ( x; y ) l trung im ca on AB v G ( xG ; yG ) l trng tm ca ABC . Do CG CI
3
2x 1 2 y 1
nn xG ; yG . Ta im I tha mn h phng trnh:
3 3
x 2y 3 0
x5
2x 1 2 y 1 . Vy I (5; 1)
20 y 1
3 3
AB 5
Ta c IA IB
2 2
5 5
Gi (C ) l ng trn c tm I (5; 1) v bn knh R (C ) : ( x 5) 2 ( y 1) 2 .
2 4
Ta hai im A, B l nghim ca h phng trnh:

4
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

x 2y 3 0 x4 x6

5 1 3.
( x 5) ( y 1) 4 y 2 y
2 2

2
1 3
Vy ta hai im A, B l 4; , 6; .
2 2

Bi 10: Trong h to Oxy, cho ng thng d: y 3 . Gi (C) l ng trn ct d ti 2


im B, C sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti B v C ct nhau ti O. Vit phng trnh ng
trn (C), bit tam gic OBC u.

Gii:
Gi (C)c tm I bn knh R. OI ct BC ti H th H l
trung im BC v OH vung gc BC =>H(0; 3
)=>OH= 3 . Do tam gic OBC u nn OH=
BC 3
I
3 BC 2 .
2
1
Trong tam gic vung IB c HB HI .HO 1 IH
B 2
C H
3
uuu
r 1 uuur 3 4 3
HI OH (0; ) I (0; )
3 3 3
4
Trong tam gic vung IBH c R IB IH HB
2 2 2 2

3
4 3 2 4
Vy phng trnh ng trn (C): x 2 ( y )
3 3
O

Bi 11: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im M (2; 1) v ng thng : x y +


1 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua M ct 2 im A, B phn bit sao cho
MAB vung ti M v c din tch bng 2.

Gii:
ng trn (C) tm I(a, b) bn knh R c phng trnh
( x a ) 2 ( y b) 2 R 2

MAB vung ti M nn AB l ng knh suy ra qua I


do : a - b + 1 = 0 (1)
2 11
H MH AB c MH d ( M , ) 2
2

5
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

1 1
S MAB MH . AB 2 .2 R. 2 R 2
2 2

V ng trn qua M nn (2 a) 2 (1 b) 2 2 (2)


a b 1 0 (1)
Ta c h
(2 a ) (1 b) 2 (2)
2 2

Gii h c a = 1; b = 2. Vy (C) c phng trnh ( x 1) 2 ( y 2) 2 2

Bi 12: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, im C(3; -3) v im A
thuc ng thng d: 3x + y -2 = 0. Gi M l trung im ca BC, ng thng DM
phng trnh : x y 2 = 0. Xc nh ta cc im A, B, D.

Gii:
A d A(t; 2 -3t)
1 t 3
Ta c: d(C; DM) = d(A; DM) | 4t -4 | = 8 | t - 1 | = 2
2 t 1
t = 3 A(3, -7) (loi v A, C phi khc pha i DM)
t = -1 A(-1, 5) (tha mn)

AD CD (m 1)(m )3 (m 7)(m 1) 0
2 2 2 2
Gi s D(m; m-2).
AD CD (m 1) (m )7 (m )3 (m 1)
m 5 D(5;3)
Gi I l tm ca hnh vung I l trung im ca AC I (1; 1)
Do I l trung im ca BD B(-3; -1)

Bi 13: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B 2;0 ; C 3;5 .
G L trng tm thuc ng thng d c phng trnh l 2x y 1 0 v din tch tam gic
5
ABC bng . Hy xc nh ta im A ?
2

Gii:
uuur
BC (5;5) BC 5 2pt : BC l:x + y - 2 = 0

6
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

5 1 5
SVABC SVGBC SVABC . (G l trng tm tam gic ABC)
2 3 6
G d : 2x y 1 0 G(x; 2x 1)3

2 2 7
x G( ; )
2SVGBC 1 x 2 2x 1 1 1 3 3 3
d (G.BC) x 1
BC 3 2 2 3 2 3 x 4 G( 4 ; 11)
3 3 3
2 7 4 11
Vi G( ; ) A(1; 2);G( ; ) A( 3;6)
3 3 3 3

Bi 14: Trong mt phng h to Oxy cho ba ng d 1: x 2y + 1 = 0; d 2: 3x y 2 =


0; d3: 2x + y + 1 = 0. Tm im M trn d 1 im N trn d2 sao cho MN = 5 v MN song
song vi d3

Gii:
M thuc d1, N thuc d2 nn M(2a - 1; a), N(b; 3b - 2)
MN 5 MN 2 5 (b 2a 1) 2 (3b a 2) 2 5 <=> (1)
uuuu
r uur
MN / / d3 MN .nd3 0 (b 2a 1;3b a 2).(2;1) 0 a b
thay vo (1) ta c a = b = 0 hoc a = b = 2
Vy c 4 im tho mn bi ton l: M(-1; 0), N(0; -2) hoc M(3; 2), N(2; 4)

Bi 15: Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:x 2 + y2 x 4y


2 = 0 v cc im A(3 ;-5) ; B(7;-3). Tm im M trn ng trn (C ) sao cho P = MA 2
+ MB2 nh nht.

Gii:
1 5
-ng trn (C) c tm I ( ; 2), R
2 2
-Gi H l trung im on AB => H(5; -4). Xt tam gic MAB c
MA2 MB 2 AB 2 AB 2
MH 2 P MA2 MB 2 2MH 2
2 4 2
do P nh nht khi MH nh nht hay M l giao im ca OH vi (C)
x 5 3t
m IH : , thay vo phng trnh ng trn ta c ptrnh t 2 + 3t + 2 = 0 <=> t
y 4 4t
= -1 v t = -2 => vi t = -1 th M(2; 0), vi t = -2 th M(-1; 4)
-Kim tra thy M(2; 0) l im cn tm

Bi 16: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A , bit B v C i
xng nhau qua gc ta . ng phn gic trong ca gc ABC c phng trnh l
x 2 y 5 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic bit ng thng AC i qua im K (6;2)
.

7
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

Gii:
B(5 2b; b), C (2b 5; b) , O (0;0) BC
Gi I i xng vi O qua phn gic trong gc ABC nn I (2;4) v I AB
uur uuur
Tam gic ABC vung ti A nn BI 2b 3;4 b vung gc vi CK 11 2b;2 b
b 1
(2b 3)(11 2b) (4 b)(2 b) 0 5b 2 30b 25 0
b5
Vi b 1 B (3;1), C ( 3; 1) A(3;1) B loi
31 17
Vi b 5 B(5;5), C (5; 5) A ;
5 5
31 17
Vy A ; ; B( 5;5); C (5; 5)
5 5

Bi 17: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) x 2 y 2 2 x 6 y 2 0 v


ng thng d: x y 2 0 . Tm cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD ni tip ng trn (C)
bit nh A thuc d v c honh dng.

Gii:
+ ng trn ( x 1) 2 ( y 3) 2 8 c tm I (1;3) bn knh R 2 2
+ A thuc d nn A( x; 2 x) .
+ Ta c IA2 8 ( x 1) 2 (1 x)2 8
( x 1) 2 4
x 1

x 3 ( L)
Vy A(1;1) C ( 3;5) .
uu
r r
+ ng thng BD i qua I (1;3) vung gc vi IA nn nhn IA (2; 2) // u (1; 1) lm
vc t php tuyn c phng trnh: x y 4 0 .
+ Ta giao im B, D tha mn phng trnh:
x 1
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2 8 ( x 1) 2 4
x 3
+ x 1 y 5
+ x 3 y 1
Vy B(1;5) D(-3;1) hoc ngc li.

Bi 18: Trong mt phng to Oxy, lp phng trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic to bi
2 trc to v ng thng c phng trnh 8x + 15y - 120 = 0.

Gii:
Gi s d: 8x + 15y 120 = 0 ct Ox, Oy ln lt ti A,B.
Gi I(a;b) l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABO. Ta c:

8
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

* 0 < a,b < 8


* Bn knh r = d(I,Ox) = d(I,Oy) = d(I,d)
8a 15b 120 a b 3(tm)
a b r 3
17 a b 20(l )
PT : ( x 3) 2 ( y 3) 2 9

Bi 19: Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh BC l
2 2
M(3,2), trng tm v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ln lt l G( , ) v I(1,-
3 3
2). Xc nh ta nh C.

Gii:
uuu
r uuur 7 4
IM (2;4), GM ;
3 3
uuur uuur
Gi A(xA; yA). C AG 2GM A(-4; -2).
uuur
ng thng BC i qua M nhn vec t IM lm vec t php tuyn nn c PT:
2(x - 3) + 4(y - 2) = 0 x + 2y - 7 = 0.. Gi C(x; y). C C BC x + 2y - 7 = 0.
Mt khc IC = IA (x 1)2 (y 2)2 25 (x 1)2 (y 2)2 25 .
x 2y 7 0
Ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
(x 1) (y 2) 25
2 2

x 5 x1
Gii h phng trnh ta tm c v .
y 1 y 3
Vy c 2 im C tha mn l C(5; 1) v C(1; 3).

Bi 20: Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho im C(2;-5 ) v ng thng


: 3x 4 y 4 0 . Tm trn hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I(2;5/2) sao cho din tch
tam gic ABC bng15.

Gii:
3a 4 16 3a
. Gi A(a; ) B (4 a; ) . Khi din tch tam gic ABC l
4 4
1
S ABC AB.d (C ) 3 AB .
2
2
6 3a a4
Theo gi thit ta c AB 5 (4 2 a ) 2
25 a 0
2
Vy hai im cn tm l A(0;1) v B(4;4).

Bi 21: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung im


11 1
ca cnh BC, N l im trn cnh CD sao cho CN = 2ND. Gi s M ; v ng
2 2
thng AN c phng trnh 2x y 3 = 0. Tm ta im A.
9
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

Gii:
a 10 a 5 5a
A Ta c : AN = ; AM = ; MN = ;
B 3 2 6
AM 2 AN 2 MN 2 1
cosA = =
MAN 45o
2 AM . AN 2
M
(Cch khc : tnh MAN = 450 ta c th tnh
1
2
D C 3 1
N tg ( DAM DAN ) )
1
1 2.
3
11 1
Phng trnh ng thng AM : ax + by a b= 0
2 2
2a b 1 a 1
cos MAN 3t2 8t 3 = 0 (vi t = ) t = 3 hay t
5(a 2 b 2 ) 2 b 3
2x y 3 0
+ Vi t = 3 ta A l nghim ca h : A (4; 5)
3 x y 17 0
1 2x y 3 0
+ Vi t ta A l nghim ca h : A (1; -1)
3 x 3y 4 0

Bi 22: Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) : x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y + 6 = 0


v ng thng : x + my 2m + 3 = 0 vi m l tham s thc. Gi I l tm ca ng
trn (C). Tm m ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit A v B sao cho din tch IAB ln nht.

Gii:
(C) : x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y + 6 = 0 c tm l I (-2; -2); R = 2
Gi s ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B. K ng cao IH ca ABC, ta c
1
SABC = IA.IB.sin AIB
= sin AIB
2

Do SABC ln nht khi v ch khi sin AIB = 1 AIB vung ti I
IA 1 4m
IH = 1 (tha IH < R) 1
2 m2 1
8
1 8m + 16m2 = m2 + 1 15m2 8m = 0 m = 0 hay m =
15

Bi 23: Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh thoi MNPQ c M(1; 2), phng
trnh NQ l x y 1 0 .Tm to cc nh cn li ca hnh thoi, bit rng NQ = 2MP v
N c tung m.

Gii:
Phng trnh MP l: x y 3 0

10
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

x y 1 0 x 2
I MP NQ ta I l nghim ca h phng trnh I 2;1 .
x y 3 0 y 1
I l trung im ca MP nn suy ra P 3;0
phng trnh NQ l x y 1 0 nn ta N, Q c dng (m; m-1)
Do NQ 2MP IN 4IM m 2 m 2 4. 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2

m4
m 2 4
2

m0
V N c tung m nn N(0; -1) Q(4; 3).
Vy P 3;0 , N(0; -1), Q(4; 3) lcc nh cn tm.

Bi 24: Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) ni tip hnh vung ABCD c
phng trnh: ( x 2)2 ( y 3) 2 10 . Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung bit ng
thng cha cnh AB i qua im M (3; 2) v im A c honh dng.

Gii:
Phng trnh ng thng i qua M(-3;-2) c dng
A
ax by 3a 2b 0 (a 2 b 2 0) .
ng trn (C) c tm I(2;3) v bn knh R 10 .
(C) tip xc vi AB nn d I ; AB R hay
R
B

I M

D
2a 3b 3a 2b
10 10(a 2 b 2 ) 25(a b) 2
C a b
2 2

a 3b
(a 3b)(3a b) 0
b 3a
Do phng trnh AB l x - 3 y - 3 0
hoc AB: 3 x - y 7 0 .
+ Nu AB: 3 x - y 7 0 . Gi A(t;3t+7) v A c honh xA 0 nn t > 0 v do
t 0
IA2 2.R 2 20 nn t 2 3t 4 20 10t 20t 20 20
2 2 2
(loi)
t 2
+ Nu AB: x - 3 y - 3 0 . Gi A(3t+3;t) v A c honh xA 0 nn t >-1 v do
IA2 2.R 2 20 nn 1 3t t 3 20 10t 10 20 t 1 . Suy ra A(6;1) C(-2;5)
2 2 2

v B(0;-1); D(4;7)
Vy cc im cn tm l A(6;1); B(0; 1); C (2;5); D(4;7) .

Bi 25: Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC, cc ng thng cha ng
cao v ng trung tuyn k t nh A c phng trnh ln lt l: x 2 y 13 0 v
13 x 6 y 9 0. Tm ta cc nh B v C bit tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
l I (5 ; 1).

11
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

Gii:
+ Theo gi thit th A(-3 ;-8)
+ ng thng qua I(-5;1) v song song vi x-2y-13=0 ct ng thng 13x-6y-9=0 ti
M(3;5).
+ ng thng qua BC c phng trnh l: 2x + y 11 = 0 nn B(x B; 11-2xB). M IA = IB
nn B(4; 3) hoc B(2;7)
+ Vy B(4; 3) v C(2;7) hoc C(4; 3) v B(2;7) l hai nghim cn tm.

Bi 26: Trong mt phng to Oxy cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2;
0). Hai nh B v C ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d 1: x + y + 5 = 0 v d2: x + 2y 7
= 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm C v tip xc vi ng thng BG.

Gii:
+ Gi s B( xB ; yB ) d1 xB yB 5; C ( xC ; yC ) d 2 xC 2 yC 7
xB xC 2 6
V G l trng tm nn ta c h:
yB yC 3 0
+ T ccuu
phng
ur
trnh trn ta c: B(-1;-4) ; C(5;1)
uuur
+ Ta c BG (3; 4) VTPT nBG (4; 3) nn phng trnh BG: 4x 3y 8 = 0
9 81
+ Bn knh R = d(C; BG) = phng trnh ng trn l: (x 5)2 + (y 1)2 =
5 25

Bi 27: Trong mt phng Oxy , cho ng thng (d ) c phng trnh: 2 x y 5 0 v


hai im A(1;2) ; B (4;1) . Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng (d )
v i qua hai im A , B .

Gii:
Phng trnh ng trung trc ca AB l 3x y 6 0 .
Ta tm I ca ng trn l nghim ca h:
2x y 5 x 1
I 1; 3 . R IA 5 .
3x y 6 y 3
Phng trnh ng trn l x 1 y 3 25 .
2 2

Bi 28: Trong h ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d 1: x 2y + 3 = 0, d2 : 4x + 3y 5 = 0.


Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I trn d1, tip xc d2 v c bn knh R = 2.

Gii:
x 3 2t
d1: , I d I (3 t ; t )
yt
1

27 7
d(I , d2) = 2 11t 17 10 t , t
11 11
2 2
27 21 27 21 27
t= I1 ; (C1 ) : x y 4
11 11 11 11 11

12
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng
2 2
7 19 7 19 7
t= I2 ; (C 2 ) : x y 4
11 11 11 11 11

Bi 29: Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB: x 2y 1 = 0, ng cho BD: x 7y +


14 = 0 v ng cho AC qua im M(2 ; 1). Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht.

Gii:
AC: kx y 2k + 1 = 0
3 k 2 1
cos CAB = cos DBA 7 k 2 8k 1 0 k 1; k
2 k 1
2 7
k = 1 , AC : x y 1 = 0
1
k= , AC : x 7y + 5 = 0 // BD ( lai)
7
Ta tm c A(1 ; 0), C(6 ; 5), D(-4 ; 0)

Bi 30: Cho ABC c nh A(1;2), ng trung tuyn BM: 2 x y 1 0 v phn gic


trong CD: x y 1 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.

Gii:
im C CD : x y 1 0 C t ;1 t .
t 1 3 t
Suy ra trung im M ca AC l M ; .
2 2
t 1 3t
im M BM : 2 x y 1 0 2 1 0
2 2
t 7 C 7;8

T A(1;2), k AK CD : x y 1 0 ti I (im K BC ).
Suy ra AK : x 1 y 2 0 x y 1 0 .
x y 1 0
Ta im I tha h: I 0;1 .
x y 1 0
Tam gic ACK cn ti C nn I l trung im ca AK ta ca K 1;0 .

Bi 31: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2) v giao im
I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y = x. Tm ta nh C v D.

13
Luyn thi i hc v phng php ta trong mt phng

Gii: uuur
Ta c: AB 1; 2 AB 5 . Phng trnh ca AB
l: 2 x y 2 0 .
I d : y x I t ; t . I l trung im ca AC v BD
nn ta c: C 2t 1; 2t , D 2t ; 2t 2 .
Mt khc: S ABCD AB.CH 4 (CH: chiu cao)
4
CH .
5
4 5 8 8 2
| 6t 4 | 4 t C ; , D ;
Ngoi ra: d C ; AB CH 3 3 3 3 3
5 5
t 0 C 1;0 , D 0; 2
5 8 8 2
Vy ta ca C v D l C ; , D ; hoc C 1;0 , D 0; 2
3 3 3 3

14

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