Helical Piles

Howard A. Perko
Copyright 0 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

A p p e n d i x A
Common Symbols and Abbreviations

Drafting symbol for diameter

#4 No 4 reinforcing steel bar ( 4/8 )
#7 No 7 reinforcing steel bar ( 7/8 )
9d 9 penny nails (d = penny, unit of nail size)
A36 Common ASTM steel grade (Min fy = 35 ksi)
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials
AB After boring completion
AC Acceptance criteria
ACI American Concrete Institute Code
ACIP Auger cast in-place pile
ADSC Association of Drilled Shaft Contractors
AIR Percent air entrainment in concrete (6% Typ)
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction Code
APPROX Approximately
ASCE7 Code for determining loads on structures
ASD Allowable stress design
ASTM American Society for Testing and Material
BGS Below ground surface
BM Survey elevation reference (Benchmark)
BOCA Building Officials and Code Administrators International
BOE Bottom of excavation elevation
BOGB Bottom of grade beam elevation
BOF Bottom of footing/foundation elevation
BOS Bottom of slab elevation
BRCS Claystone bedrock

451
452 Appendix A Common Symbols and Abbreviations

BRSS Sandstone bedrock

BRIB Interbedded sandstone and claystone bedrock
CADD Computer aided design and drafting
CEC Certified consulting engineer
CF Cubic feet
CF16 Typically 16" wide continuous spread footing
CF24 Typically 24" wide continuous spread footing
CH High plasticity clay
CIP Cast-in-place
CL Low plasticity clay
CONC Portland cement concrete
CPT Cone penetration test
CRS Cold rolled steel
CY Cubic yard (27 CF)
CT Count
D Diameter
DCP Dynamic cone penetrometer
DFI Deep Foundation Institute
DIAM Diameter
DF#1 Douglas fir, grade 1 (select structural)
EB Expansion bolt
ELEV Elevation
EG Existing grade
EST Estimate
EW Each way
F3 Typically 3 3 footing pad
F5.5 Typically 5.5 5.5 footing pad
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FF Finish floor elevation
FG Finish grade elevation
FT Feet
Fc Minimum 28-day compressive strength
Fy Minimum yield strength
GB Grade beam
GC General contractor (also clayey gravel)
GM Silty gravel
GP Poorly graded gravel
GR Material grade
GW Well graded gravel
HD Heavy duty Magnum helical pile
HF#2 Hemlock fir, grade 2 (common)
HORZ Horizontal
HP H-pile
HSS High strength steel tube
 Appendix A Common Symbols and Abbreviations 453

ICBO International Conference of Building Officials

ICC International Code Council
ICF Insulated concrete form
ID Inside diameter
ISO9001 Standard of quality for manufacturing
IN Inch
KIP Kilo-pound (1,000 lb)
KN Kilo-newton (225 lb)
KSF Kilo-pound per square foot (1,000 psf)
KSI Kilo-pound per square inch (1,000 psi)
LB Pound
LF Lineal feet
LL Liquid limit from Atterberg test
LONG Longitudinal
LVL Laminated veneer lumber
MAX Maximum
M Meter (3.2808 ft)
MF Matt foundation
MH High plasticity silt
MIL Thousandth of an inch (0.001 in)
MIN Minimum
ML Low plasticity silt
MM Millimeter (0.0394 in.)
N SPT blow count (blows/ft.)
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NIL Negligible
OC On-center spacing
OD Outside diameter
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PCC Portland cement concrete
PE Professional engineer
PI Plasticity index (LL-PL)
PLF Quantity per lineal foot
PL Plastic limit from Atterberg test
PLS Professional land surveyor
PSF Pounds per square foot
PSI Pounds per square inch
QTY Quantity
R Radius
RCP Reinforced concrete pipe
RCS Round-corner square solid bar
SBCCI Southern Building Code Congress International
SC Clayey sand
454 Appendix A Common Symbols and Abbreviations

SCH Schedule
SD Standard duty Magnum helical pile
SF Square feet
SM Silty sand
SP Poorly graded sand
SPT Standard penetration test
SS150 1.5" 1.5" solid square shaft Chance helical pile
SS250 2.5" 2.5" solid square shaft Chance helical pile
STA Position station (example STA 3 + 50 = 350 ft.)
SW Percent soil swell when wet (also southwest and well graded
sand)
T English ton (2,000 lb)
T/B Top and bottom
TJI I-joist (by Truss Joist Inc.)
TOF Top of foundation elevation
TOGB Top of grade beam elevation
TOS Top of slab elevation
TRANS Transverse
TSF Tons per square foot
TYP Typical
UC Unconfined compressive strength
UNO Unless noted otherwise
VAR Variable
VERIFY Check in field
VERT Vertical
WD While drilling
WOR Weight of rod in SPT test
WOH Weight of hammer in SPT test
W10 50 Wide flange steel beam (10" depth 50 plf)