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UNIB 10009:
Food for a Healthy Planet 1
Dr. Anneline Padayachee
23 March 2016
In this session
Obesity development
Prevalence
Internationally vs. Australia
Definition and outcomes
Causes
Solutions
throughout most of
human history, chronic
malnutrition has been the
norm
- 1993 Nobel laureate Robert William Fogel
Fogel, R.W. The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK; 2004
Malnutrition
Malnutrition:
Malnutrition is a broad term commonly used as an
alternative to undernutrition (in)adequate
calories and protein for growth and maintenance or
they are unable to fully utilize the food they eat
due to illness.
but technically it also refers to overnutrition They
are also malnourished if they consume too many
calories (overnutrition).
Agricultural revolution 1
Domesticated food supply = rise
of civilisations technological Increased accessibility: 19C Rise in technological
Famine vs. thrifty gene advancement (widespread Quality, quantity and variety. advancements
malnutrition still prevalent) Decreasing in malnutrition in Decline in manual work
developed world.
IOTF 2010
The Obesity Epidemic
Rates increase with age up to age 64 and then Rates significantly higher among lower
decline SES groups
Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle
(AusDiab) study (2005):
Total direct cost for overweight and obesity:
$21 billion
- $6.5 billion for overweight
- $14.5 billion for obesity
Vital organs
Adipose tissue
(aka body fat)
Joints
Bones
Cancer risk and obesity
Endometrium
Kidney
Colon
Gall bladder
Breast
Prostate
0 10 20 30
Percentage of cancers caused by obesity (%)
Eat less.
Move more.
Less energy in.
More energy out.
Individual
Government
policy
Food Industry
Food Supply
and access
Individuals
20% tax:
6% decrease
12% decrease in
low SES
up to 17%
decrease the first
1% drop in obesity, but it makes a lot of difference because
12 months
obesity is so prevalent across the country~200 000 cases
(2014-2015)
prevented
Dr Mike Rayner (Public Health, Oxford University)
Google images
Body fat model: https://www.enasco.com/c/healtheducation/Nutrition/Body+Fat+%26+Muscle+Replicas/?ref=breadcrumb
Butter: http://bonfirehealth.com/eating-good-fat-makes-you-healthy-in-case-you-forgot/
Sedentary overweight child http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/3728?e=zimmerman_1.0-ch13_s03
Obesity http://health.alot.com/conditions/obesity-symptoms--2131
McDonalds KFC photo http://www.smh.com.au/news/health/society-promotes-obesity/2007/10/19/1192301001588.html
Obesity causes: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/
Thrifty gene caveman: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ancient-famine-fighting-genes-cant-explain-obesity
The Venus of Willendorf. Limestone figure from the Late Paleolithic Period, c. 25,000 BC (Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria. Reproduced with permission.)
Photo credit: Erich Lessing, Art Resource, NY.
Domesticated Ancient Egyptians File:Maler der Grabkammer des Menna 012.jpg , circa 1422-1411 BCE, Public Domain.
A chicken in every pot: https://www.emaze.com/@AILCFLQF/Politics-of-the-20s
Henry Fords car http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/picture/2013/jul/31/henry-ford-car-photography
Australian Obesity infographic: http://www.smh.com.au/national/health/australians-are-fat-and-unfit-but-at-least-we-are-drinking-and-smoking-less-20151207-
glhycn.html
MRI body scans: Professor Jimmy Bell from Imperial College, London, orthopaedic surgeon Mike Hayton and consultant radiologist Waqar Bhatti, both of Alexandra
Hospital, Cheadle, Manchester. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1269074/Crushed-lungs-strained-joints-swollen-heart--extraordinary-scans-reveal-fat-
does-you.html
Keep Calm: http://www.keepcalm-o-matic.co.uk/p/keep-calm-if-you-can-t-beat-em-join-em/
Lu Hao obese toddler: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1368790/Lu-Hao-Chinese-toddler-3-weighs-staggering-132lbs-hes-growing.html
Bambi: http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/3828916/Weird-animals-disowned-by-pals.html
Eat something: http://www.popsugar.com/fitness/Do-You-Have-Eat-Something-Sweet-After-Dinner-1970303
Insulin and glucose metabolism: http://www.popsugar.com/fitness/Do-You-Have-Eat-Something-Sweet-After-Dinner-1970303
Hungry man: http://www.diet-blog.com/07/yes_exercise_does_make_you_hungry.php
Hungry Patrick: http://giphy.com/search/hungry
Hungry Homer: http://theodysseyonline.com/dayton/home-break-expectations-reality/186147
MRI obese man: http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/shocking-mri-scan-picture-64-stone-3753113
Tess Holliday quote: http://www.buzzfeed.com/ashapiro009/tess-holliday-plus-size-model#.nbZDbyAe4
Mexico bans softdrinks: http://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/nov/03/obese-soda-sugar-tax-mexico