Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
(Reaffirmed
( Reaffirmed2001)
2006 )
Edition 2.1
(1997-10)
Indian Standard
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL
CHIMNEY CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 1 MECHANICAL ASPECT
( First Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
BIS 2002
Price Group 8
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, SMBDC 7
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 1) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards
on 20 April 1989, after the draft finalized by the Structural Engineering Sectional Committee had
been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1971. On suggestions by practising engineers and
representatives of various organizations in the country, the Sectional Committee decided to
bifurcate the standard in two parts, separating structural aspects from the mechanical aspects as
follows:
Part 1 Mechanical aspects, and
Part 2 Structural aspects.
The present practice of design of steel chimney recognizes the influence of aerodynamic shadow on
the height of chimney and this aspect has been taken into account in this revision in addition to
the consideration of regulations on atmospheric pollution.
Design and construction of chimneys has become specialized field with scope for the further
research and modifications. Therefore, attempt has been made in this standard (Part 1) to cover
only the basic requirements. The designer should use his discretion in the use of research data
available.
Appendix G of the earlier version of the standard had dealt with the calculation of dispersion in
atmosphere of emission of dust and sulphur dioxide from power and steam generating chimneys
only. In this standard (Part 1) a more generalized approach for the determination of height of
chimneys in relation to concentration of pollutants has been included keeping in view an
acceptable air quality standard at the ground level.
In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from BS 4076 : 1978
Specification for steel chimneys, covered by the British Standards Institution, UK.
This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (October 1997). Side bar indicates modification of
the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment.
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
Indian Standard
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL
CHIMNEY CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 1 MECHANICAL ASPECT
( First Revision )
1 SCOPE 4 TERMINOLOGY
1.1 This standard (Part 1) covers design, 4.0 For the purpose of this standard
construction, maintenance and inspection of terminology as defined in 4.1 to 4.21 shall
mechanical aspects of steel chimneys. The apply. For definitions not covered in this part, a
mechanical aspects include lining, draft reference shall be made to Part 2 of the
calculations, considerations of dispersion of standard.
pollutants and ash disposal.
4.1 Actual Draft
2 REFERENCES The suction produced at the base of a chimney
2.1 The following Indian Standards are minus the drop in draft due to frictional
necessary adjuncts to this standard: resistance in flue gas passages.
4.2 Blanking Off Plate
IS No. Title
IS 6 : 1983 Specification for the moderate An imperforate plate fitted immediately
heat duty fireclay beneath the inlet of a chimney to prevent the
refractories, group A ( fourth waste gases reaching the lower portion of the
revision ) chimney.
IS 8 : 1983 Specification for high heat 4.3 Boiler Efficiency
duty fireclay refractories,
The ratio of heat used in the boiler to the
group B ( fourth revision )
available heat.
IS 460 Specification for test sieves:
(Part 1) : 1985 Part 1 Wire cloth test sieves 4.4 Boiler-Mounted Chimney
( third revision ) A chimney supported by a boiler and its
IS 460 Specification for test sieves: foundation.
(Part 2) : 1985 Part 2 Perforated plate test
4.5 Draft Loss
sieves ( third revision )
IS 2042 : 1972 Specification for insulating Drop in static pressure of gas between two
bricks ( first revision ) points in a system.
IS 4041 : 1987 Glossary of terms relating to 4.6 Efflux Velocity
refractory materials ( first
The speed of discharge of gases from the top of
revision ) the chimney.
IS 8829 : 1978 Guidelines for micrometeorol-
ogical techniques in air 4.7 Flux Gas Temperature
pollution studies Temperature of flue gas at the chimney outlet.
1
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
2
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
number of units, type, etc, taking into multiflues stacks depend upon the following
account future expansion of units if the information:
proposed chimney is to cater for these a) Draft required by the plant;
units also;
b) Efficiency of the source generating flue
b) Type of fuel used; gases;
c) In the case of boilers, surface area, output c) Fuel adopted (provisions in boiler design
efficiency, draft required, etc; to fire any inferior grade fuel in future
shall also be considered);
d) Mode of operation;
d) Excess air requirement;
e) Temperature of the flue gas before
entering the chimney and its likely e) Site data (ambient air temperature,
variation; barometric pressure);
f) Flue gas temperature;
f) Composition of the flue gas, its specific
weight, quantity of dust data about the g) Flue gas velocity;
aggressiveness of the gases. These factors h) Proposed type of construction of the
decide the type of lining; chimney;
g) Local statutory regulations relating to j) Natural or mechanical draft;
height, dispersion of pollutants, provision k) Length of horizontal flue run; and
for earthing, aviation warning lamp,
health, etc, and m) Turn-down ratio.
h) The mode of erection of chimney. 5.3.2 The basic dimensions of steel chimney
from consideration of strength and stability
5.3 Basic Dimensions shall satisfy the relevant provisions of Part 2 of
this standard.
5.3.1 The basic dimensions of the chimney,
namely, the height and clear diameter or cross- 5.3.3 As a guideline, the nominal dimensions of
sectional area of individual flues or in steel chimney are given in Table 1.
Unlined Lined 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110
50
60
80 50
100 60
120 80
140 100
160 120
180 140
200 160
220 180
240 200
280 240
315 275
355 315
400 360
450 410
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IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
5.3.4 The clear diameter of the chimney is the b) Draft losses through the ducts dd in mm of
nominal diameter of the shell if the chimney is water column may be calculated as:
unlined or partially lined. For fully lined 2
4 flV
chimney, the clear diameter of the chimney will d d = ------------------1-. g
be the clear diameter of the lining at the top. 2 gD 1
The fully lined chimneys shall have a minimum
c) Draft losses in bends db in mm of water
clear diameter of 500 mm. If, for technological
column may be calculated as:
reasons, it is necessary to have a smaller
diameter, the top opening shall be reduced by 2
K1 V
constructing the passage locally. d b = --------------. g
2g
5.3.5 The chimney shall be at least 5 m taller
than the tallest building in a surrounding area d) Draft losses due to sudden change of
of 150 m radius unless other regulations do not sections ds in mm of water will depend
necessitate a taller chimney ( see also 7 ). upon the degree of sharpness, form of
section and the ratio of area of the section
6. CALCULATIONS after and before the change. Also, if the
6.1 The draft losses in combustion chamber will change in section is gradual, that is, if
vary depending on the actual design and this enlargement or contraction is gradual, the
may be worked out based on aerodynamic loss will depend on the included angle. It
calculations. Hence, the draft losses at the exit may be calculated as follows:
flange of the combustion chamber or the boiler 2
K 2 V2
should be provided by the customer, for it will - . g when the change of
1) d s = ----------------
not be possible to standardize draft losses for 2g
various types of combustion chambers, boiler section is abrupt, and
capacities, etc. The total loss will be the sum of 2
the losses at the exit flange of the boiler and the K 3 K 2 V2
- . g when the change
2) d s = ------------------------
losses in precipitators and the connecting 2g
ducts, in case of coal fired boilers and the loss of section is gradual.
at the exit flange of the boilers plus the losses e) Draft loss due to kinetic energy at the exit:
in the connection ducts in case of oil and gas
2
fired boilers. These losses plus the loss in the V
chimney shall be considered along with the d k = ------- . g
2g
draft available on account of forced or induced
draft systems while fixing up the height. The 6.3.1 Legends used in the above formulae are
losses across the precipitators will also have to explained as under:
be given by the customer. de, dd,
6.2 Inside Diameter of the Chimney db, ds, and
dk = draft losses as explained above, in mm
The inside diameter of the chimney in m is of water column;
calculated as follows:
f = fanning friction factor;
4Q H = height of the chimney in m;
D = ---------------
V 02 l = Length of the duct in m;
where D = diameter of the chimney in m;
Q = quantity of the gas in m3/sec, and = shaft diameter in case of cylindrical
V02 = velocity of the flue gas at exit point chimney and average diameter in case
of chimney in m/sec. of conical chimney of smaller height;
D1 = diameter of the duct in m, if circular
However, the diameter shall be so chosen that
in cross-section; or
the velocity will not exceed, under any
circumstances, 30 m/sec. 2AB
--------------- if rectangular in cross sect on
A+B
The optimum range of velocity may be taken
with A and B as dimensions;
as 15 to 20 m/sec.
V = velocity of gas in m/sec;
6.3 Draft Losses
V1 = velocity of gas in the flue duct in
The following draft losses shall be considered: m/sec;
a) Draft losses through the chimney de in V2 = velocity of gas in m/sec after the
mm of water column may be calculated as: change in section;
2 K1 = coefficient of friction as obtained from
4 fHV
d e = -------------------- . g Fig. 1;
2 gD
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IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
5
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
Lining for steel chimney may be required for a) Aluminium oxide 20 percent, Min
one or more of the following purposes: (Al2O3)
6
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
Service Temperature
1 200C 1 050C
a) Al2O3 : 30 to 33 percent
b) Porosity, percent : 60, Min 72, Min
c) Cold crushing strength, N/mm2 : 3.5, Min 0.8, Min
d) Bulk density, kg/m3, : 1 000, Max 630 to 735
e) Thermal conductivity, w/(mk) : 0.31 at hot face temp 0.2 at 360C mean temp
of 600C
f) Size tolerance : 2% or 2 mm 2% or 2 mm
7
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
Light weight insulating bricks shall have the 150C (that is in the neighbourhood of dew
following properties: point). They are set in an acid resisting cement
Service Temperature
1 200C Min 1 050C Min
a) Al2O3 : 28 percent, Min
b) Fe2O3 : 2.5 percent, Max
c) Pyrometric cone equivalent : 29, Min
Standard cone (ASTM) No.
d) Dry shrinkage (%) : 3, Max at 110C
1200C
e) Fired shrinkage (%) : 3.5, Max at -------------------- 3, Max (dry and fired)
2h
f) Grading, mm : 0 to 1 (95% passing 0 to 1 (95% passing
0.5 mm sieve) 0.5 mm sieve)
g) Workability : Good Good
8.2.3 Solid Grade Distomaceous ( Molar ) and, as the object is to present an impervious
Bricks lining, severe fluctuations of temperature
should be avoided, otherwise the rigidity of the
The bricks are made to suit the diameter of lining may cause it to fracture and become less
chimney and in suitable thickness (generally, efficient. It follows that this class of brick is
between 76 to 114 mm) to suit the degree of suitable for requirement in 8.1 (b) in
insulation required. This type of brick is set in circumstances for low flue gas temperature.
mortar made from the brick material ground to
powder form with the addition of Portland or It is practicable to use highly vitrified clay
high alumina cement, according to the brick bricks or vitrified firebricks, resistant to
manufacturers. temperature up to 540C and 1 100C,
respectively.
This class of lining would cover requirements
The acid resisting bricks and cement should be
in 8.1 (a) and (c) and depending upon the type
chosen specifically to resist the acids known or
of gas, requirement in 8.1 (b) within the expected to be present in the flue gases.
temperature range 150 to 800C.
Suitable bricks shall have the following
When dry, this material has low coefficient of properties:
expansion and is resistant to temperature
changes. Being highly water-absorbant, these Type 1 Type 2
bricks should be stored in dry surroundings; a) Spalling 2 Min
brick linings should be dried out slowly and resistance (cycle)
preferably, maintained at an elevated b) Cold crushing 50 Min 25 Min
temperature thereafter. strength, N/mm2
Suitable bricks shall have the following c) Water 2 to 4 8 Max
properties: absorption,
percent
a) Thermal conductivity : Not greater than
0.23 W/(mk); d) Acid resistance 99 Min 96 Min
b) Bulk density : Not less than 700 e) Bulk density, 2 200 Min 2 400 to 2 500
kg/m3, kg/m3
c) Cold crushing : Not less than 4.6 f) Size tolerance, 2 2 or 2 mm
strength N/mm2, percent
d) Coefficient of linear : 2.0 0.1 106/K, 8.2.4.1 Mortar for acid proof bricks should have
expansion and the following properties:
e) Modulus of rupture : 0.90 N/mm2 a) Al2O3 : 10 percent
b) Fineness : All passing through
8.2.4 Acid Resisting Bricks 1 mm sieve conforming
These bricks are used when the flue gases are to IS 460 (Part 1 or
highly acidic or are at temperature at or below Part 2) : 1985
8
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
9
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
changes but to secure the lining safely against centres. The lining shall provide not less than
forces due to oscillation and deflection of the 25 mm of cover to all mesh and studs.
structure so as to prevent damage to either The lining may be applied with the chimney
lining or structure. Arrangement for shell in a horizontal position, the latter being
replacement of linings will often be necessary rotated during forming, if desired to avoid the
and the design shall facilitate this. use of shuttering.
8.3.7 Conical Base Sections 8.3.9 Guniting
In chimneys having a conical base section, the Guniting shall be done commencing from the
lining should not be less than 229 mm thick, as bottom and progressing upwards. It shall also
far as is practicable; the internal diameter will be ensured that this is done in narrow strips so
normally be equal to that of the lining above. that in one operation the lining is complete to
The space between the lining and the steel shell that width. The height of each band depends on
shall be filled with: the diameter of chimney, the thickness of the
insulation and the materials used, so that
a) brickwork; or initial setting does not start before the strips
b) lean concrete (between 8 to 10 : 1) using a are completed.
heat stable aggregate, such as brick At the end of the days work, all incomplete
rubble, or lining shall be removed with the trowel and left
square to the chimney and at the level where
c) a suitable combination of (a) and (b) above.
the full thickness of the insulation exists. Studs
8.3.8 Refractory and Insulating Concrete of 3.15 mm diameter and length equal to half
Lining the thickness of guniting should be spot welded
to the inside surface of the steel chimney at
It is not generally practicable to line chimneys 500 mm distance, staggered both ways, on to
of less than 1 m shell diameter with brick-work which welded wire fabric of mesh 150 mm
or gunned linings after erection; in such cases, square shall be welded, acting as reinforcement
castable refractory mixes of various for guniting.
compositions may be used.
9 EXTERIOR INSULATION
Castable linings shall be secured to the
chimney shell by a suitable anchorage. Such 9.1 General
anchorage may consist of steel mesh, concentric In order to minimize loss of heat from a
with the shell, fixed by supports welded to the chimney and to maintain the temperature of
shell at approximately 600 mm centres, or the steel shell above the acid dew point level,
mushrooms of Y-shaped studs at about 450 mm external insulation may be fitted.
10
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
The amount of insulation required to maintain Table 2 Heat Loss Values U for
the temperature of flue gases above the acid Insulation Materials
dew point depends upon: ( Clause 9.1 )
a) the effectiveness of insulation,
Type of Insulation Thickness Overall Average
b) the velocity of the flue gases, and mm U Values
W/ (m2 K)
c) the inlet temperature of the flue gases.
For wind load calculations, the chimney Aluminium 6, air gap 3.4 to 4.5
diameter D shall be taken over all the external Aluminium 18, air gap 2.6 to 4.0
cladding. For section modulus, D shall be Mineral wool 25 2.3
measured over the steel shell.
Mineral wool 50 1.15
It has been found from observation and Mineral wool 75 0.7
calculations that the effectiveness of insulation
Mineral wool 100 0.5
is as shown in Table 2. It is essential that the
grade of insulation selected is suitable to Expanded mineral 50 1.15
maintain the temperature of the inner surface Expanded mineral 75 0.7
of the chimney above the acid dew point under Expanded mineral 100 0.5
normal operating conditions.
Expanded mineral 150 0.35
The velocity of the flue gases shall be as high as
practicable to ensure their rapid passage
c) The claddings shall be made in strakes,
through the length of the chimney. Ideally, the
using a number of equal plates per strake.
velocity should not fall below 4.5 m/s when
under light load but a lower velocity is some- All seams shall be connected by
aluminium alloy rivets at not more than
times unavoidable. If the velocity of the gases is
100 mm centres. Vertical seams of each
too low, they will not completely fill the bore at
the top of the chimney, cold air will enter on the strake shall be set at the mid point of the
strake beneath.
windward side, descend the chimney for some
distance and thus cool the surface of the d) The cladding shall be fitted with its
chimney to below acid dew point. This effect is internal face 6 mm away from the external
known as cold air inversion and may be over- face of the chimney shell, or as near as
come by fitting a top core to the chimney. Gas possible to clear rivet heads in the steel
velocities above about 35 m/s may create shell, this distance being maintained by
problems due to acoustic effects but these are continuous circumferential spacers of
outside the scope of this standard. It should be 6 mm thick asbestos tape coincident with
noted that, however effective the insulation the horizontal joints of the aluminium.
may be, if the flue gas entry temperature is too The asbestos tape shall be cemented into
low, condensation and acidic corrosion will take position by means of sodium silicate or
place. other suitable adhesive. The ends of the
A number of insulation methods may be used horizontal rivets in the aluminium sheets
which fall basically into the four types serve to retain the asbestos tape in
described in 9.2 to 9.5. position after erection. The
circumferential asbestos spacers divide
9.2 Aluminium Cladding the 6 mm air space between the steel and
Aluminium cladding (sheet steel or other forms the aluminium into sections not more
of cladding may be suitable in some cases) is an than 1.5 m apart, thus reducing
effective form of insulation because of its high convection heat losses.
thermal reflectivity, and it shall be applied as
e) When the length of the sections of shell
stated below:
between flanges is not a whole multiple of
a) The exterior of the steel shell shall be the strake width, only one make-up strake
treated as described in 13 of Part 2 of this per section of chimney shall be used.
standard using a good quality heat
resistant aluminium point. f) All projections shall be clad. Cleaning
doors and other points where access is
b) The cladding shall consist of aluminium required shall be boxed in with
sheet not less than 1.6 mm thick with removable aluminium panels.
symmetrical flange covers made in halves
from aluminium sheets which shall also g) The cladding shall be sealed to prevent
be not less than 1.6 mm thick. ingress of moisture.
11
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
h) Each upper strake of aluminium shall lap air gap. The mineral wool mattress shall be
over the lower strake by a minimum of arranged and fixed so that it does not slip.
25 mm. The vertical seams similarly shall
have a minimum lap of 25 mm. 9.4 Double Skin Chimney
j) To permit the examination of steel shell of The space between the outer shell and the liner
the chimney without removing the of a double skin chimney can be filled with
cladding, 150 mm square openings, mineral wool, expanded mineral, or other
located at carefully selected points and suitable insulator. Unless a special heat
covered by removable weatherproof panels resisting steel is used for the liner, the
approximately 230 mm square, shall be temperature limitation of Table 3 of Part 2 of
provided. Suitable positions are: the standard applies. It is essential that there
shall be no metal to metal contact between the
i) Diametrically opposite to any inlet, and liner and the outer shell, otherwise cold spots
occur on the liner, thus reducing local areas to
ii) Approximately 1.25 m from the top of below the acid dew point level and facilitating
the chimney. acidic condensation and corrosion.
k) After erection, the cladding may be It shall be so arranged that insulating filling
degreased and painted with a clear cannot subside or settle to cause uninsulated
lacquer. areas.
m) The aluminium cladding may be applied 9.5 Multi-Flue Chimney
on site either before or after the chimney
is erected, or at the manufacturers works. 9.5.1 The multi-flue chimney is an effective
If the aluminium is applied at works or on method of maintaining the velocity of the flue
site before erection, great care shall be gases at various operating levels and of
taken not to damage the aluminium providing adequate insulation.
sheets. If a sheet becomes damaged, it 9.5.2 The liners in a multi-flue chimney may be
shall be removed and replaced with a new contained in a structural shell of steel, brick, or
sheet. Riveting a patch of aluminium over reinforced concrete, in a shaft within the
the damaged area is not acceptable. structure of a building or in an open load
n) Great care shall be taken to ensure that bearing frame built from steel sections or
reinforced concrete. Normally, each liner is
dissimilar metals do not come into contact
connected to one combustion unit so that the
with each other. If it is essential in the
design that two dissimilar metals have to optimum gas velocity can be achieved in all
operating conditions.
be connected, a suitable non-conductive
and water impervious film or agent shall 9.5.3 The temperature of the inner surface of
be placed between them. the liner can be maintained either by wrapping
the exterior of the liner with a mineral wool
9.3 Mineral Wool Insulation mattress or by filling the space between the
liners and the structural shell with an
Wrapping the steel shell with a suitable grade expanded mineral, or both.
of mineral wool fibre insulation material of
sufficient thickness provides more effective 9.5.4 When a granular material is used as an
insulation than aluminium cladding with the insulant, it is essential that a gate valve be
usual 6 mm air gap. Thicknesses of over 50 mm provided for its removal and that a notice be
are applied in two separate layers, the outer affixed adjacent to the gate valve warning of
layer being fitted so that the vertical and the the dangers of operation by unauthorized
horizontal joints are staggered from the joints personnel.
of the inner layer.
9.5.5 If liners are supported by an open
If the angle joining the flange of the chimney structural frame, it is essential that they are
section projects past the outer face of the adequately insulated and protected from the
mineral wool, it shall be wrapped with an weather. Suitable methods are outlined in 9.2
additional layer of mineral wool of the same and 9.3.
thickness for at least 75 mm on each side of the 10 ASH DISPOSAL
flange joint. As mineral wool has to be
protected from the weather, a convenient way 10.1 Typical arrangements for the disposal of
of doing this is to cover it with an aluminium ash in chimney have been dealt with in
cladding as described in 9.2 but omitting the Annex C.
12
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
ANNEX A
( Clauses 7.2 and 7.3 )
13
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
14
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
ANNEX B
( Clause 7.3 )
15
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
Table 3 Recommended Standard Height of Stacks (for Process Gases) from the
Consideration of Pollution for Iron and Steel Plant Units
( Clause B-1.2 )
5 Rotary kilns:
a) For line 60 to 80
b) For dolomite 60 to 80
6 Coke oven 100 For discharging combustion products
of battey.
7 Thermal power plant 120 to 180 For coal fired boiler, fly ash is the
main hazard. Height may be
checked with SO2 loading of gas
also.
NOTE Use of any weather cowl on the top of stack which restricts the vertical motion of plume is not recommended.
If it is absolutely essential to restrict entry of rain water into dust system, special weather cowls which will restrict the
entry of rain water but allow the gases to move vertically upwards with the recommended efflux velocity may be
permitted.
16
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
B-2 Limitations of the Formula pollutant does not exceed the air quality
standards.
B-2.1 The formula is applicable only in cases of
tall stacks, the plume from which is free from B-2.3 The formula assumes the temperature of
interference with the air currents produced by the gases to be equal to the atmospheric
nearby tall buildings. temperature. The resultant height of stack is
slightly on the higher side.
B-2.2 The formula assumes only a single source
of air pollution. Where several stacks are B-2.4 The maximum concentration as
located close to each other, the value of H calculated above is reached at a distance X m
obtained from the formula has to be increased from the chimney, approximately given by
such that the total ground level concentration X = 20 H where H is the height of the chimney
at a place from all the stacks for any particular in m above the ground level.
ANNEX C
( Clause 10.1 )
ASH DISPOSAL
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IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
18
IS 6533 (Part 1) : 1989
19
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the
producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to
that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of
the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the
Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.