Section 24 Finishes To Building

QCS 2014 Section 24: Finishes to Building Page 1
Part 01: General
1 GENERAL---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.1 INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.1.1 Scope --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.1.2 References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.1.3 Workmanship------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
1.1.4 Scaffolding --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.2 SAMPLE PANELS AND CONTROL SAMPLES ---------------------------------------------------------- 5
1.2.1 Samples ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
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Part 01: General
1 GENERAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 Scope
1 This Section specifies the general requirements for various methods and types of interior
finishes within buildings for walls, floors, and ceilings.
2 Related Sections are as follows:

Section 1 General
Section 5 Concrete
Section 15 Insulation of Buildings
Section 17 Metalwork
Section 18 Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery
Section 26 Painting and Decorating
1.1.2 References
1 The following standards are approved and/ or referred to in this Section:

ASTM C514 ...............Standard Specification for Nails for the Application of Gypsum Board
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BS 476........................Fire tests on building materials and structures

BS 812........................Testing aggregates
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BS 882........................Aggregates from natural sources for concrete

BS 1202 .....................Nails
BS 3416 .....................Bitumen based coating for cold application, suitable for use in contact
with potable water
BS 4223 .....................Determination of constructional details of textile floor coverings with
yarn pile
BS 4682 .....................Methods of test for dimensional stability of textile floor coverings
BS 5212 .....................Cold applied joint sealant systems for concrete pavements
BS 5325 .....................Installation of textile floor coverings, Code of practice
BS 5390 .....................Code of practice for stone masonry
BS 5808 .....................Underlays for textile floor coverings
BS 5975 .....................Code of practice for temporary works procedures and the permissible stress
design of falsework
BS 6073-2 .................... Precast concrete masonry units: Guide for specifying precast concrete
masonry units
BS 8000 .....................Workmanship on building sites
BS 8203 .....................Code of practice for installation of resilient floor coverings
BS 8203 .....................Code of practice for installation of sheet and tile flooring
BS 8204 .....................In-situ flooring
BS 8481 ....................Design, preparation and application of internal gypsum, cement,
cement and lime plastering systems. Specification
BS EN 459-1 .............Building lime: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria

Part 01: General
BS EN 520 ................Gypsum plasterboards. Definitions, requirements and test methods

BS EN 649 ................Resilient floor coverings. Homogenous and heterogenous polyvinyl
chloride floor coverings. Specification
BS EN 772-2.................. Methods of test for masonry units: Determination of percentage area of voids
in masonry units (by paper indentation)
BS EN 10142 .............Continuously hot-dip zinc coated low carbon steel sheet and strip for
cold forming: technical delivery conditions.
BS EN 10143 .............Continuously hot-dip metal coated steel sheet and strip Tolerances
and dimensions and shape
BS EN 12163 .............Copper and copper alloys. Rod for general purposes
BS EN 12164 .............Copper and copper alloys. Rod for free machining purposes
BS EN 12167 ............Copper and copper alloys. Profiles and bars for general purposes
BS EN 12878 ............Pigments for the colouring of building materials based on cement
and/or lime. Specifications and methods of test
BS EN 13139 ..........Aggregates for mortar
BS EN 13914-2 ..........Design, preparation and application of external rendering and internal
plastering: Design considerations and essential principles for internal
plastering
BS EN 13914-1 .........Design, preparation and application of external rendering and internal
plastering: External rendering
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BS EN 14353. ............... Metal beads and feature profiles for use with gypsum plasterboards.
Definitions, requirements and test methods
BS EN 14411 ............Ceramic tiles. Definitions, classification, characteristics, evaluation of
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conformity and marking

BS EN 14496 ................. Gypsum based adhesives for thermal/acoustic insulation composite panels
and plasterboards. Definitions, requirements and test methods
BS EN 14566 ................. Mechanical fasteners for gypsum plasterboard systems. Definitions,
requirements and test methods
BS EN ISO 2081 .......Metallic and other inorganic coatings. Electroplated coatings of zinc
with supplementary treatments on iron or steel
BS EN ISO 2082 .......Metallic coatings. Electroplated coatings of cadmium with
supplementary treatments on iron or steel
BS EN ISO 10595 ......Resilient floor coverings. Semi-flexible/vinylcomposition (VCT) poly
(vinyl chloride) floor tiles. Specification
EN 197-1 ....................Portland cement

EN 998-1:2010 ..........Specification for mortar for masonry. Rendering and plastering mortar
EN 1745:2002 ...........Methods for determining thermal properties
GSO EN 413-1 ...........Masonry cement: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria

GSO EN 771-3 ............. Specification for masonry units: Aggregate concrete masonry units (dense
and lightweight aggregates)
GSO EN 13950 .........Gypsum plasterboard thermal/acoustic insulation composite panels -
GSO EN 13963 .........Jointing materials for gypsum plasterboards - Definitions,
requirements and test methods
Part 01: General
GSO EN 14195 .........Metal framing components for gypsum plasterboard systems -

GSO EN 13748-2:2008 Terrazzo tiles. Terrazzo tiles for external use
GSO EN 13748-1:2008 Terrazzo tiles. Terrazzo tiles for internal use
GSO ISO 105 ............... Textiles. Tests for colour fastness

GSO ISO 6308 ..........Gypsum plaster board specification
GSO ISO 13006 ........Ceramic tiles. Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking
GSO ISO 10545-16 (BS EN ISO 10545-16) Ceramic tiles: Determination of small colour
differences
GSO ISO 10545-15 (BS EN ISO 10545-15). Ceramic tiles: Determination of lead and
cadmium given off by glazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-14 (BS EN ISO 10545-14). Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to
stains
GSO ISO 10545-13 (BS EN ISO 10545-13). Ceramic tiles: Determination of chemical
resistance
GSO ISO 10545-12 (BS EN ISO 10545-12). Ceramic tiles: Determination of frost resistance
GSO ISO 10545-11 (BS EN ISO 10545-11). Ceramic tiles: Determination of crazing
resistance for glazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-10 (BS EN ISO 10545-10). Ceramic tiles: Determination of moisture
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expansion
GSO ISO 10545-9 (BS EN ISO 10545-9) Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to
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thermal shock
GSO ISO 10545-8 (BS EN ISO 10545-8). Ceramic tiles: Determination of linear thermal
expansion
GSO ISO 10545-7 (BS EN ISO 10545-7). Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to
surface abrasion for glazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-6 (BS EN ISO 10545-6). Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to deep
abrasion for unglazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-5 (BS EN ISO 10545-5). Ceramic tiles: Determination of impact resistance
by measurement of coefficient of restitution
GSO ISO 10545-4 (BS EN ISO 10545-4). Ceramic tiles: Determination of modulus of rupture
and breaking strength
GSO ISO 10545-3 (BS EN ISO 10545-3). Ceramic tiles: Determination of water absorption,
apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density
GSO ISO 10545-2 (BS EN ISO 10545-2). Ceramic tiles: Determination of dimensions and
surface quality
GSO ISO 10545-1 (BS EN ISO 10545-1) Ceramic tiles: Sampling and basis for acceptance
GSO ISO 13007-4 (BS ISO 13007-4) Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Test methods for grouts
GSO ISO 13007-3 (BS ISO 13007-3)_ Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Terms, definitions and
specifications for grouts
GSO ISO 13007-2 (BS ISO 13007-2) Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Test methods for adhesives
GSO ISO 13007-1 (BS ISO 13007-1) Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Terms,
definitions and specifications for adhesives
Part 01: General
ISO 14544 .................Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) --

Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature --
Determination of compression properties
ISO 14574 .................Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics).
Mechanical properties
Classification system
PD CEN/TR 15123 .....Design, preparation and application of internal polymer plastering
systems
QS 12/2012 ................Specifications of Recycled Aggregates of Construction Waste for
using in Construction Works
1.1.3 Workmanship
1 All work is to be performed by experienced and trained specialists or under supervision by

specialists or trained personnel.
1.1.4 Scaffolding
1 Scaffolding is to be erected to external facades and any other areas where it is required
before any work is commenced, so that good access is obtained to the whole of the working
area
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2 Scaffolding is to be supported independently of the working area and is to provide

platforms at about 2 metre intervals. A gap of at least 250mm should be left between
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the work face and the scaffolding to allow sufficient clearance for working.
3 Scaffolding to be designed and erected in accordance with BS 5975.
1.2 SAMPLE PANELS AND CONTROL SAMPLES
1.2.1 Samples
1 Sample panels minimum size 600 x 600mm are to be prepared for all textured coatings to be
used in the Works.
2 If the Engineer so requires, a control samples of a finishing materials shall be prepared in an

agreed location within the Works (e.g. the floor tiling to a complete room). The area to be
used as a control is to be completed and approved to the standard of workmanship and
appearance obtained before the application of the material is proceeded with elsewhere in
the Works.
END OF PART
Part 02: Lath and Plaster
2 LATH AND PLASTER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2.1 GENERAL---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2.1.1 Scope --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2.1.2 References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2.2 NON-LOAD BEARING WALL FRAMING SYSTEMS --------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2.1 General Description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2.2 Terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2.3 Submittals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2.4 Protection ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2.2.5 Steel Studs and Runners --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2.6 Fasteners, Clips, and Other Metal Accessories ---------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.2.7 Execution of Work------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
2.2.8 Installing Supports Required by Other Trades ------------------------------------------------------------ 5
2.3 NAILS, SCREWS AND WASHERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.3.1 General Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
2.4 GYPSUM LATH AND PLASTER ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.4.1 General Requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
2.4.2 Terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.4.3 Submittals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.4.4 Project Conditions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6
2.4.5 Plastering Bases (Lath) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
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2.4.6 Gypsum Plasters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

2.4.7 Fasteners ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.4.8 Fixing Lath Bases ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
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2.4.9 Gypsum Plaster Application ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

2.5 METAL LATH ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.5.1 General ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.5.2 Fixing Plain Expanded Metal Lath Backgrounds ------------------------------------------------------- 10
2.5.3 Fixing Ribbed Lathing Backgrounds ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2.5.4 Expanded Metal Lath at Junctions of Differing Backgrounds --------------------------------------- 11
2.6 SKIM COAT PLASTER BASE AND PLASTER --------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.6.1 General ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.6.2 Terminology ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.6.3 Submittals -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.6.4 Skim Coat Base ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
2.6.5 Gypsum Skim Coat Plaster ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.6.6 Accessories ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
2.6.7 Installation Criteria --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.6.8 Application of Skim Coat Base ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
2.6.9 Sealant Application -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.6.10 Skim Coat Plaster Application Over Gypsum Board Base ------------------------------------------- 14
2.6.11 Repairs ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.7 BEADS AND STOPS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
2.7.1 Materials ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
2.7.2 Fixing Beads and Stops -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
2.8 WELDED-FABRIC MESH FOR REINFORCED RENDERING ------------------------------------- 15
2.8.1 Materials ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
2.9 PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATA ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
2.9.1 Preparation of Background to be Rendered ------------------------------------------------------------- 15

2.10 PREPARATION OF MIXES FOR RENDERING -------------------------------------------------------- 16
2.10.1 Preparation Procedures and Selection of Materials --------------------------------------------------- 16
2.10.2 Application of the Various Render Coats ----------------------------------------------------------------- 17
2.11 PORTLAND CEMENT PLASTER -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
2.11.1 Materials ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
2.11.2 Application of Portland Cement Plaster. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 18
2.12 POLYMER PLASTERING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
2.12.1 Materials and Application of Plaster ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
2.13 TABLE PIGMENTS FOR CEMENT ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
2.13.1 Materials ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
2.14 TEST FOR DRYNESS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
2.14.1 Procedures------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
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2 LATH AND PLASTER
2.1 GENERAL
2.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies requirements for lath and plaster finishes for buildings and related
structures.
2 Related Parts and Sections are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 ..........................General
Part 3 ..........................Dry Lining (Wallboard)
Part 5 ..........................Tiles
Section 1 ....................General
Section 15 ..................Insulation of Buildings
Section 17 ..................Metalwork
Section 18 ..................Carpentry, Joinery and Ironmongery
2.1.2 References
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1 The following standards are approved and/ or referred to in this Part:

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ASTM C150 ................Standard Specification for Portland Cement

ASTM C472 ................Test Methods for Physical testing of Gypsum, Gypsum Plasters and
Gypsum Concrete
ASTM C514 ...............Standard Specification for Nails for the Application of Gypsum Board
ASTM C842 ................Standard Specification of Interior Gypsum Plaster Application
ASTM C897 ................Standard Specification for Aggregate for Job-Mixed Portland Cement-
Based Plasters
ASTM C926 ................Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based
Plaster
ASTM C1063 .............Standard Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furring to
Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-Based Plaster
BS 405........................Uncoated expanded metal carbon steel sheets for general purposes

BS 1202 .....................Nails
BS 1449 .....................Steel plate, sheet and strip
BS 1494 .....................Fixing accessories for building purposes
BS 4551 ..................... Mortar. Methods of test for mortar and screed. Chemical analysis and
physical testing
BS 5270-1 .................Bonding agents for use with gypsum plasters and cement
Specification for polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) emulsion bonding agents
for indoor use with gypsum building plasters
BS 8481 ....................Design, preparation and application of internal gypsum, cement,
cement and lime plastering systems. Specification
BS EN 197-1 ..............Portland cement

BS EN 1008:2002. ....Mixing water for concrete. Specification for sampling, testing and
assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from
processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
cold forming: technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10143 .............Continuously hot-dip metal coated steel sheet and strip tolerances
on dimensions and shape
BS EN 13139 ............Aggregates for mortar
BS EN 13279-2 .........Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters Test methods
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BS EN 13279-1 .........Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters Definitions and requirements

BS EN 13658-2 .........Metal lath and beads. Definitions, requirements and test methods:
External rendering
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BS EN 13658-2 .........Metal lath and beads. Definitions, requirements and test methods
External rendering
BS EN 13658-1 .........Metal lath and beads. Definitions, requirements and test methods:
Internal plastering
BS EN 13658-1 .........Metal lath and beads. Definitions, requirements and test methods
internal plastering
plastering: Design considerations and essential principles for internal
plastering
plastering External rendering
BS EN ISO 2081 .......Metallic and other inorganic coatings. Electroplated coatings of zinc
with supplementary treatments on iron or steel
BS EN ISO 2082 .......Metallic coatings. Electroplated coatings of cadmium with
supplementary treatments on iron or steel
PD CEN/TR 15123 .....Design, preparation and application of internal polymer plastering

systems
2.2 NON-LOAD BEARING WALL FRAMING SYSTEMS
2.2.1 General Description
1 Steel stud wall systems, shaft wall systems, ceiling or soffit suspended or furred framing,
wall furring, fasteners, and accessories for the screw attachment of gypsum board, plaster
bases or other building boards are to be as described herein.
2 The following requirements are applicable for wall framing members of 1 mm thick material
or lighter with the exception of rolled steel channels of 1.5 mm thick material.
2.2.2 Terminology
1 Underside of Structure Overhead: In spaces where steel trusses or bar joists are shown, the
underside of structure overhead is to be the underside of the floor or roof construction
supported by beams, trusses, or bar joists. In mezzanine spaces, the underside of the
walk-on floor is the underside of structure overhead.
2 Thickness of steel is specified in millimeters and is the minimum bare (uncoated) steel
thickness.
2.2.3 Submittals
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1 In accordance with the relevant provisions of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to provide
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the manufacturer's literature and data on the following:

(a) studs, runners and accessories
(b) hanger inserts
(c) channels (rolled steel)
(d) furring channels
(e) screws, clips and other fasteners.
the shop drawings showing the following:
(a) typical ceiling suspension system
(b) typical metal stud and furring construction system including details around openings
and corner details
(c) typical shaft wall assembly
(d) typical fire rated assembly and column fireproofing showing details of construction
as used in fire rating test.
the literature test results indicating the fire rating test designation, for each framing system.
2.2.4 Protection
1 Steel studs, runners, rigid furring channels, Z shaped furring channels and resilient furring
channels shall be galvanized in accordance with the relevant provisions of BS 1369.
2.2.5 Steel Studs and Runners
1 Not less than two cutouts shall be provided in the web of each stud, approximately 300 mm
from each end, and intermediate cutouts on approximately 600 mm centres.
2 Doubled studs for openings and studs for supporting concrete backer-board shall be not less
than 850 mm thick.
3 Studs 3.5 m or less in length shall be in one piece.
2.2.6 Fasteners, Clips, and Other Metal Accessories
1 Fasteners, clips, and other metal accessories for fire rated construction shall be of the type
and size used in fire rating test.
2 Fasteners for steel studs thicker than 8 mm are to be steel drill screws of size and type
recommended by the manufacturer of the material being fastened.
3 Clips used in lieu of tie wire are to have a holding power equivalent to that provided by the tie
wire for the specific application.
4 Concrete ceiling hanger inserts (anchorage for hanger wire and hanger straps) shall be
galvanized steel, designed to support twice the hanger loads imposed.
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2.2.7 Execution of Work

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1 Where fire rated construction is required for walls, partitions, columns, beams and
floor-ceiling assemblies, the construction shall be the same as that used in any fire rating
tests undertaken. Construction requirements for fire rated assemblies and materials shall to
conform to BS 476.
2 Installing studs shall be carried out as follows:

(a) studs spaced at not more than 400 mm centres
(b) when studs are to extended to underside of structure overhead, they shall be cut 6
mm to 9 mm less than floor to underside of structure overhead
(c) where studs are shown to terminate above suspended ceilings, bracing shall be
provided as indicated in the Project Documentation. Alternatively, the studs shall be
extended to the underside of the structure overhead.
(d) studs shall be extended to the underside of the structure overhead for fire partitions,
smoke partitions, shafts, and sound rated partitions or insulated exterior wall furring.
(e) at existing plaster ceilings, studs may terminate at the ceiling
(f) at openings:
(i) frame the jambs of openings in stud partitions with two steel studs placed back
to back.
(ii) fasten back to back studs together with 9 mm long S type panhead screws at
not less than 600 mm centres, staggered along webs
(iii) studs fastened flange to flange are to have splice plates on both sides. The
splice plates shall be approximately 600 mm x 75 mm in size. They shall be
screwed to each stud with two screws. The splice plates shall be located at 600
mm centres, between the runner tracks.
3 Fastening studs shall be carried out as follows:

(a) studs located adjacent to partition intersections, corners and studs at jambs of
openings to shall be fastened to the flange of runner tracks with either two screws
through each end of each stud and the flange of runner; alternatively, by use of a
metal lock fastener tool
(b) studs shall not be fastened to the top runner track when studs extend to underside of
structure overhead
(c) at chase wall partitions, locate cross braces for the chase wall partitions to permit the
installation of pipes, conduits, carriers and similar items; studs or runners used as
cross bracing are to be not less than 60 mm wide.
(d) building seismic or expansion joints shall be formed with double studs, back to back,
spaced 75 mm apart plus the width of the joint
(e) control joint shall be formed with double studs spaced 12.5 mm apart.
2.2.8 Installing Supports Required by Other Trades

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1 Provide for the attachment and support of electrical outlets, plumbing, laboratory or heating
fixtures, recessed type plumbing fixture accessories, access panel frames, wall bumpers,
wood seats, toilet stall partitions, dressing booth partitions, urinal screens, chalkboards,
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tackboards, wall-hung casework, handrail brackets, recessed fire extinguisher cabinets and
other items supported by stud construction.
2.3 NAILS, SCREWS AND WASHERS
2.3.1 General Requirements
1 Nails, screws and washers are to be galvanized or of stainless steel as indicated in the
Project Documentation or directed by the Engineer. Pins for shot-firing to be of steel with a
tight coating of cadmium or zinc complying with ISO 2081 or ISO 2082 or equivalent.
2 Clout nails shall be galvanized steel and shall comply with BS 1202, Part 1 or equivalent.
3 Staples shall be galvanized steel and shall comply with BS 1494, Part 1 or equivalent.
2.4 GYPSUM LATH AND PLASTER
1 Proprietary spray-on plaster systems may be substituted for plaster system specified herein
if approved by Engineer upon submission of complete details of materials and methods of
the spray-on system.
2.4.2 Terminology
underside of structure overhead is to be the underside of the floor or roof construction
supported by beams, trusses, and bar joists.
2 Self-furring Lath: Metal plastering bases having dimples or crimps designed to hold the plane
of the back of the lath 6 mm to 9 mm away from the plane of the solid backing.
3 Solid Backing or Solid Bases: Concrete, masonry, sheathing, rigid insulation, and similar
materials to which plaster is directly applied.
4 Wet Areas: Areas of a building where cyclic or continuous exposure to very humid or wet
conditions occurs, or in which a dew point condition may occur in the plaster.
2.4.3 Submittals
1 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit Shop

drawings showing:
(a) Details of floating interior angle, unrestrained construction.
(b) Details of assembly and anchorage of lath and accessories.
(c) Locations and installation of expansion joints, including plans, details and attachments
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to other works.
2 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit

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manufacturers' literature and data of the following:

(a) accessories for plaster, each type
(b) metal plaster bases, each type
(c) fasteners
(d) bonding compounds, including application instructions & method of statement
(e) Mixture components including mixing instructions.
3 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit

manufacturers certificates for details of gypsum plaster cement to be used in the Works.
4 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit samples of

each type of plaster accessory. The samples shall be of a size approved by the Engineer.
2.4.4 Project Conditions
1 Comply with ASTM C 842 requirements or gypsum plaster manufacturer's written

recommendations, whichever are more stringent.
2 Avoid conditions that result in gypsum plaster drying out too quickly.
(a) Distribute heat evenly; prevent concentrated or uneven heat on plaster.
(b) Maintain relative humidity levels for prevailing ambient temperature that produces
normal drying conditions.
(c) Ventilate building spaces in a manner that prevents drafts of air from contacting
surfaces during plaster application and until plaster is dry.
2.4.5 Plastering Bases (Lath)
1 Expanded Metal used for plastering shall be to BS 405.
2 Gypsum Lath used for plastering shall be to BS 1369.
2.4.6 Gypsum Plasters
1 Base Coat premix Gypsum Plaster Material

(a) Grain size: 0 to 1mm
(b) Setting time: around 2hours 30 minutes.
(c) Density of hardened product: 1.3
(d) Compressive strength: > 3 MPa at 28 days
(e) Composition: Gypsum, selected sand and fillers, additives.
(f) Coat Thickness: up to 15 mm in one coat.
(g) Consumption: 1.3kg/m2/1 mm thickness.
(h) Mixing ratio: 40 kg bag with 12 to14 liters of water.
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(i) VOC and Formaldehyde: None (<10g/l) according to ISO/FDIS 11890-2 GC-MS.
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2 Finish Coat Premix Gypsum Plaster Material.

(a) Grain size: 0 to 0.5mm.
(b) Setting time: around 2 hours 30 minutes.
(c) Dried density: 1.2
(d) Composition: Gypsum, selected fillers, additives.
(e) Coat Thickness: up to 3mm.
(f) Consumption: 1.3kg/m2/1mm thickness.
(g) Mixing ratio: 40 kg bag with 20 liters water.
3 Thermal conductivity according to EN 1745 or as required by the engineer.
2.4.7 Fasteners
1 Tie, wire, screws, clips, and other fasteners shall conform to BS 1706, BS 1202 and BS 1494
or equivalent..
2 Fasteners for securing metal plastering bases are to have heads, or be through washers
large enough to engage two strands of the metal plastering base.
3 For fire rated construction, the type and size of fastener shall be as used in the fire rated
tests.
2.4.8 Fixing Lath Bases

1 Fixing lath bases shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1369 unless otherwise indicated
in the Project Documentation.
2 Metal plastering bases shall be used where the plaster is required on partitions, ceilings and
furring. Where required, metal plastering bases shall also be used for setting ceramic tiles in
adhesive on gypsum plaster and for lighting troughs, beams and other curved or irregular
surfaces.
3 Gypsum plaster or gypsum board may be used for adhesive applied ceramic tile in areas not
considered wet. Portland cement plaster is required for walls and ceilings above ceramic wall
tile in showers and similar wet areas.
4 Where plaster is required on solid bases, metal plastering bases are not required, unless
otherwise indicated in the Project Documentation.
5 Form true surfaces in plaster board, straight or in fair curves where shown, without sags or
buckles and with long dimension of lath at right angles to direction of supports.
6 Shape lathing to within 19 mm of the finished profiles of irregular surfaces.
7 Lath for ceiling construction should terminate at a casing bead where butting into or
penetrated by walls, columns, beams, and similar elements.
8 Gypsum lath may be used in lieu of metal lath for gypsum plaster only on straight flat surface
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of partitions and walls, and on furring, except for lathing in wet areas and as a base for
marble finishes.
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9 Installation of metal plastering bases shall be undertaken in accordance with the following:
(a) where metal plastering bases are required over solid backing, self-furring, galvanized
metal plastering base with vapour permeable backing shall be used
(b) self-furring metal lath shall be attached directly to masonry and concrete with
hardened nails, power actuated drive pins or other approved fasteners; fasteners shall
be located at the dimples or crimps only
(c) where metal plastering bases are required over steel columns, self-furring,
diamond mesh, expanded metal lath shall be used
(d) with the exception of 9 mm rib lath used above ceramic title wainscots where the finish
above the wainscot is required to finish flush with the tile face, rib lath should not be
used
(e) metal plastering bases should not be continuous through expansion and control joints,
but shall terminate at each side of the joint.
2.4.9 Gypsum Plaster Application
1 Gypsum plaster application shall be undertaken in accordance with BS 8000, Part 10 or

ASTM C842.
2 The thickness of plaster to shall be in accordance with BS 5492, BS 1199 and BS 8000
except as follows:
(a) where greater thickness is indicated in the Project Documentation
(b) where thickness is required to match existing

(c) where greater thickness is required for fire rated construction
(d) finish coats shall be applied at a uniform thickness of approximately 1.5 mm with not
more than 3 mm thickness at any point.
3 A 1.5 mm deep V-joint shall be cut in the finish coat of plaster adjacent to metal doorframes
and wherever plaster finishes flush with other materials, except where casing beads are
required. The 1.5 mm deep V- joint shall be omitted on walls and partitions where the plaster
is recessed back from face of doorframes and other such similar conditions.
4 Plaster is to have a smooth-trowel finish unless indicated otherwise in the Project

Documentation.
5 Cleaning and patching upon application of gypsum plastering shall be as follows:

(a) remove plaster droppings from property, materials and all other surfaces of others
before it sets
(b) cut off beads, screeds and metal trim, and leave plaster and accessory surfaces ready
for specified finishing
(c) cut-out and patch defective plaster and cracks, prior to decorating to match adjacent
surfaces in texture and finish and with no visible joint lines.
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6 Concealed plaster application behind built-in cabinets, similar furnishings, and equipment,
apply finish coat, where concealed above suspended ceilings and in similar locations, finish
coat may be omitted.
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7 Plaster application will be used as a base for adhesive application of tile and similar finishes,
finish coat may be omitted.
2.5 METAL LATH
2.5.1 General
1 Expanded mesh lath is to be manufactured from galvanized steel as per BS EN 10346:2009,

minimum zinc coating of 225 g/m. It shall have a minimum aperture of 5 mm measured the
short way of the mesh, minimum thickness of base metal is to be 0.3 mm as per BS EN
13658-1 for internal plastering.
2 Welded wire lath or mesh can be used with a minimum weight of 1.22 kg/m where used as
reinforcement over different backgrounds, and with a minimum weight of 1.90 kg/m where
used as a background for plastering or rendering as per BS EN 13658-2:2005
3 Where shown on the drawings for external rendering or as directed by Engineer, stainless
steel expanded metal lath can be used in the works. Minimum thickness shall be 0.3 mm as
per BS EN 13658-2 for external rendering.
4 Wire ties are to be galvanized with a minimum diameter of 1.20 mm.

2.5.2 Fixing Plain Expanded Metal Lath Backgrounds
1 Hangers, runners and bearers are to be spaced at intervals recommended by the

manufacturer of the lath.
2 The lath is to be fixed with the long way of the mesh at right angles to the supports and with
all strands sloping in the same direction. In vertical work the strands are to slope inwards
and downwards from the face of the coating.
3 The side edges of the lath are to be lapped not less than 25 mm and secured with wire ties
at not more than 150 mm centres.
4 The ends of the lath are to be lapped not less than 50 mm at supports and 75 mm between
supports and secured with wire ties at not less than 150 mm centres.
5 The lath is to be fixed to timber supports with 40 mm clout nails or staples at not more than
100 mm centres along each support, driven at and angle to tighten the mesh. Hardwood or
galvanised metal distance pieces are to be placed between the timber supports and the lath
to permit the render to be forced through the openings completely encasing the lath.
6 The lath is to be fixed to metal supports with wire ties at not more than 100 mm centres
along each support.
7 The ends of wire ties are to be twisted tightly together, the surplus cut off and bent away
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from the face of the coating.

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8 The lath is to be fixed tightly from the centre outwards in such a manner that the lath and
support system create a rigid background to receive the render or other coating.
9 After fixing, staples, nail heads, all cut edges and breaks in the coating to the lathing is to be
treated with one coat of black bitumen.
2.5.3 Fixing Ribbed Lathing Backgrounds
1 Hangers, runners and bearers are to be spaced at intervals recommended by the

manufacturer of the lath.
2 The lath is to be fixed with all strands sloping in the same direction and with the ribs towards
and at right angles to the supports. In vertical work the strands should slope inwards and
downwards from the face of the coating.
3 The side ribs of adjacent sheets are to be lapped, pressed well together and secured with
wire ties at not more than 150 mm centres.
4 The ends of the lath are to be lapped at supports wherever possible. The lap should not be
less than 50 mm and are to be secured with a wire tie at each rib. Between supports the lap
must not be less than 100mm and are to be secured with two wire ties at each rib.
5 The lath is to be fixed to timber supports with one 40 mm clout nail driven through each rib at
a slight angle.
6 The lath is to be fixed to metal supports with two wire ties at each intersection of rib and
support.
7 The ends of wire ties are to be twisted tightly together, the surplus cut off and bent away
from the face of the coating.
8 The lath is to be fixed tightly from the centre outwards in such a manner that the lath and
support system create a rigid background to receive the render or other coating.
9 After fixing, staples, nail heads, all cut edges and breaks in the coating to the lathing are to
be treated with one coat of black bitumen solution.
2.5.4 Expanded Metal Lath at Junctions of Differing Backgrounds
1 Where a rendering or plaster is to be continuous across backgrounds of different types, a

strip of metal lath with a minimum width of 300 mm and an isolating membrane of polythene
sheet or building paper behind, is to be fixed across the junction. Where small widths of one
material less than 300 mm wide are, the width is to be bridged completely and for a distance
of 150 mm on both sides.
2 The metal lath should be stretched taut and fixed along each edge at 100 mm centres using
washers and shot fired pins, nails or screws. The screws shall be fixed into plugs in pre-
drilled holes.
3 All cut edges of the metal lath and the fastenings are to receive a coating of bitumen
solution.
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4 Zinc coatings only partially surrounded by cement plaster or rendering are particularly liable
to corrosion and care should be taken to ensure that the metal lath is completely embedded.
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5 Metal lath should not be provided where the drawings show a groove in the rendering or
plaster.
2.6 SKIM COAT PLASTER BASE AND PLASTER
2.6.1 General
1 The location and type of skim coats and plaster bases shall be defined in a finishing
schedule included in the Project Documentation.
2.6.2 Terminology
underside of structure overhead is the underside of the floor or roof construction supported
by the trusses or bar joists.
2.6.3 Submittals
1 In accordance with procedures in Section 1, General, the Contractor is to furnish

manufacturers literature and data on the following:
(a) gypsum skim coat plaster
(b) gypsum base for skim coat plaster
(c) accessories
(d) joint reinforcing materials
(e) laminating adhesive.
2 In accordance with procedures in Section 1, General, the Contractor is to furnish shop

drawings for typical skim coat plaster installation, showing corner details, casing details,
control joint details and other similar details.
2.6.4 Skim Coat Base
1 Skim coat base when used shall be 15 mm thick unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
2.6.5 Gypsum Skim Coat Plaster
1 The minimum compressive strength of finish coat plaster is to be 17.25 MPa.
2.6.6 Accessories
1 Corner bead, edge trim and control joints shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS EN
13658-1 unless otherwise indicated in the Project Documentation.
2 Corner bead and edge trim shall be a minimum of 4 mm thick, galvanized or stainless steel
sheet or rigid PVC plastic as indicated in the project Documentation or directed by the
Engineer.
3 Flanges of the bead or trim not less than 22 mm wide with punch-outs are to provide a
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plaster bond.
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4 Joint reinforcing tape shall be as required or recommended by the skim coat plaster
manufacturer.
5 Laminating adhesive shall be as recommended by skim coat base manufacturer.
6 Screws shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1706 and BS 1202 or equivalent.
7 Staples shall be flattened zinc-coated steel wire, with a minimum 15 mm leg for securing
corner beads or casing and a minimum 10 mm leg for securing joint reinforcement to BS
1494.
8 Bonding compounds shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 5270.
2.6.7 Installation Criteria
1 Where fire rated construction is required for walls, partitions, columns, beams and
floor-ceiling assemblies, the construction is to be the same as that used in fire rating test.
2.6.8 Application of Skim Coat Base
1 Unless otherwise indicated in the Project Documentation, gypsum board shall be extended
from the floor to the underside of structure overhead on partitions and furring as follows:
(a) two sides of the wall for
(i) fire rated partitions
(ii) smoke partitions including cross corridor smoke partitions
(iii) sound rated partitions

(iv) full height partitions
(v) corridor partitions
(b) one side of the wall for
(i) the inside of exterior walls and furring
(ii) the room side of rooms without suspended ceilings
(iii) furring for pipe and duct shafts except where fire rated construction is shown.
2 All layers of gypsum board construction used for fireproofing of columns shall be extended
from the floor to underside of structure overhead, unless otherwise indicated in the Project
Documentation.
3 In locations other than those specified above, extend gypsum board as follows:
(a) not less than 100 mm above suspended acoustical ceilings
(b) to ceiling of suspended gypsum board ceilings.
(c) to existing ceilings.
4 A skim coat base of maximum practical length shall be used.

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5 Skim coat base shall be installed with the long dimension direction as follows:
(a) on ceilings, at 90 to the framing to which it is applied.

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(b) on partitions, horizontally or vertically, except when the partition is fire rated apply
base as designed in the fire rating test.
6 In the vertical application of a skim coat base, panels of length required to reach the full
height of vertical surfaces in one continuous piece shall be used.
7 The skim coat base shall be erected so that the leading edge of the base is first attached to
the open end of the metal stud flange.
8 A space approximately 6 mm shall be left at the bottom of the skim coat base for caulking or
sealant.
9 At edge and end joints:

(a) locate edge joints over framing in fire rated partitions
(b) locate end joints over furring or framing in all cases
(c) stagger end joints of adjoining boards or multiple layer boards
10 At control joints:
(a) are not required for wall length less than 10 m
(b) do not extend the skim coat base across control joints
(c) extend control joints the full width and height of the wall or length of soffit/ceiling skim
coat plaster membrane.
11 For two-ply construction:

(a) joints between layers to be staggered or off-set and falling over framing member
(b) use screws to hold skim coat base in place
12 Accessories and casings beads to be installed where required or shown.
2.6.9 Sealant Application
1 Sealants should be applied to the skim coat plaster base and to all cut outs, penetrations,
and intersections with adjoining materials prior to application of skim coat plaster for acoustic
partitions.
2 Refer to part 10 of this Section for application of sealants.
2.6.10 Skim Coat Plaster Application Over Gypsum Board Base
1 Skim coat plaster for one-component plasters shall be mixed and applied in accordance with
BS 1191 unless otherwise indicated in the Project Documentation.
2 Joint reinforcement shall be as recommended by the skim coat plaster manufacturer for
plaster systems applied over steel framing.
3 A smooth-trowel finish shall be applied to skim coat plaster over gypsum board base.
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4 On fire rated, smoke barrier, sound barrier and other partitions, which are shown to extend to
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the underside of structure overhead or full height (floor to floor), the skim coat plaster finish
may terminate 100 mm above the suspended ceiling.
5 All joints and fastener heads shall be sealed and reinforced above ceilings.
2.6.11 Repairs
1 After accessories and joint reinforcement have been installed and before application of skim
coat plaster, all damaged and defective skim coat base work including non-plastered areas
shall be repaired as follows to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
(a) holes or openings 12.5 mm or less in diameter (or equivalent size) shall be patched
with a setting type joint adhesive or patching plaster
(b) holes or openings over 12.5 mm diameter (or equivalent size) shall be repaired with a
16 mm thick skim coat base secured in such a manner as to provide solid tight
construction of skim coat base
(c) any water damaged skim coat base shall be removed and replaced
(d) paper face that is loose or stripped shall be removed and replaced.
2 Damaged skim coat plaster:

(a) at crumbly areas, remove loose material, brush, clean, apply bonding agent and
refinish
(b) for blistering, cut and remove unbonded paper face, apply bonding compound if
gypsum core is exposed and refinish
(c) repair, as recommended by manufacturer of skim coat plaster, other defects such as:
(i) joint ridging and beading

(ii) craze and map cracking
(iii) field cracking
(iv) spalling
(v) stain
(vi) soft, weak surfacing
(vii) dryouts.
2.7 BEADS AND STOPS
2.7.1 Materials
1 Beads and stops for internal plastering are to be manufactured from galvanized steel with
minimum zinc coating of 225 g/m and 0.40 mm minimum thickness in accordance with BS
EN 13658-1, or from stainless steel with 0.30 mm minimum thickness in accordance with BS
EN 13658-1, beads and stops to be profiled to suit the depth of plaster to be applied.
2 Stainless steel beads and stops shall be used for external rendering, minimum thickness is
to be 0.30mm in accordance with BS EN 13658-2, beads and stops to be profiled to suit the
depth of plaster or render to be applied.
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2.7.2 Fixing Beads and Stops

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1 Beads, stops and the like are to be fixed plumb, square and true-to-line with 40 mm
galvanized clout nails or plaster dabs at not more than 600 mm centres to each mesh wing.
2 Cut edges are to be treated with one coat bituminous solution.
2.8 WELDED-FABRIC MESH FOR REINFORCED RENDERING
2.8.1 Materials
1 Reinforcement for rendering is to consist of galvanised welded-fabric mesh in accordance

with BS EN 13658-2 having wires not less than 3.0 mm diameter spaced at distances 50
mm. Wires spacing can be greater than 50 mm but shall not be greater than 150 mm if
approved by the Engineer or project drawings and in accordance with BS EN 13658-2.
2.9 PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATA
2.9.1 Preparation of Background to be Rendered
1 Surfaces to be rendered are to be thoroughly cleaned of all mould oil, dust and loose
particles.
2 If dubbing out is required it should be done well in advance of the undercoat, using a mix at
least as strong as the undercoat but not stronger than the background. If the thickness
needed is greater than 16 mm, it is be built-up in two coats; no coat is to exceed 13 mm
thick.
3 Concrete surfaces are to receive one of the following treatments before the application of the
undercoat:
(a) hacking by hand or mechanical means to remove all laitence and to roughen the
whole of the surface to a depth of at least 3 mm to expose the aggregate.
(b) a spatterdash treatment of one part of cement and two parts of coarse sand, mixed
with sufficient water to give a consistency of a thick slurry is to be dashed on to the
dampened background with either a trowel or a scoop to give a thin coating with a
roughcast uneven appearance. To prevent rapid loss of moisture the spatterdash is to
be dampened periodically and then be permitted to dry out slowly and harden before
the application of the rendering.
4 Blockwork surfaces are to have the joints raked out during construction. Where the joints
have not been raked out or where in the opinion of the Engineer high strength concrete
blocks with smooth surfaces will provide insufficient key, a spatterdash treatment is to be
applied in accordance with Clause 2.9.1-3.
5 Junctions of differing backgrounds are to be treated in accordance with Clause 2.5.4. A strip
of metal lath minimum 200 mm wide should also be provided over all electrical conduits and
service pipework running within chases, fixed in accordance with Clause 2.5.4.
2.10 PREPARATION OF MIXES FOR RENDERING

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2.10.1 Preparation Procedures and Selection of Materials
1 Unless specified elsewhere in the Project Documentation the mixes for rendering are to be
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selected from Table 2.1 and will vary in accordance with the types of background to which
the render is to be applied. Backgrounds are subdivided as follows:
(a) dense, strong and smooth materials - which include high density concrete and
concrete blocks providing low porosity, little suction and having smooth surfaces
(b) moderately strong and porous materials - which include medium density concrete and
concrete blocks providing some suction and mechanical key
(c) moderately weak and porous materials - which include medium density concrete and
concrete blocks providing some suction and mechanical key
(d) metal lathing
Table 2.1
Rendering Mixes
Undercoats Final Coat
Background Material
Cement : Lime : Sand Cement : Lime : Sand
Dense, strong, smooth 1 : : 4 1 : 1 : 6
Moderately strong, porous 1 : 1 : 6 1 : 2 : 9
Moderately weak, porous 1 : 2 : 9 1 : 2 : 9
Metal lathing (first coat) 1 : : 3 1 : 1 : 6
Metal lathing 1 : : 4 1 : 1 : 6
2 The selection of the mixes is to take account of the following:

(a) strong mixes rich in cement have a relatively high drying shrinkage and are liable to
cracking and crazing
(b) the high drying shrinkage of strong mixes applied to weak backgrounds may cause
shearing at the surface of the background
(c) the mix for each successive coat must never be richer in cement than the mix used for
the coat to which it is applied
(d) two coats having the same mix proportions can only be applied successively if the
second coat is appreciated thinner than the first. A 10 to 12 mm first coat should only
receive a 5 to 6 mm final coat of the same mix.
3 The mixes for rendering below ground level are to be made with sulphate resisting cement.
4 Cement, lime and sand for each batch are to be accurately measured by volume using
properly constructed gauge boxes or, wherever possible, whole bags of cement or hydrated
lime. Lime shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 890.
5 Mixing should preferably be by machine. Where, however, small quantities are required,
mixing may be carried out on a board or platform which should be cleaned after each batch
has been removed.
6 The hydrated lime is first to be thoroughly mixed with the sand. Cement shall then added and
mixing continued until the material is uniform in appearance. Water should then be added
while continuing mixing until the materials are workable and of a uniform colour and
consistency.
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7 To improve workability of the mix, the hydrated lime, sand and water may first be mixed in
the required proportions and then allowed to stand undisturbed for at least 16 hours before
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mixing with the cement. If allowed to stand for a longer period it must be protected from
drying out.
8 Propriety plasticisers may not be used as a substitute for lime without the approval of the
Engineer. Amongst other considerations, the Engineer will not give approval unless:
(a) the manufacturer, brand and chemical composition of the admixture is disclosed
(b) the Engineer is satisfied that correctly calibrated equipment is available to control the
amounts used.
9 The whole of each batch is to be used within an hour of being mixed.
2.10.2 Application of the Various Render Coats
1 The work is not to be started until the background has been properly prepared in accordance
with Clause 2.9 of this Part.
2 The render shall generally be applied in two coats except where the background is metal
lathing where three coats shall be applied.
3 Before applying any coat the background or preceding coat is to be brushed down to remove
any loose particles and is to be dampened sufficiently to ensure uniform absorption.
4 The undercoat is to be applied either by laying on with, or throwing from, a trowel or float. It
should be as uniformly thick as possible, and not less than 8 mm or more than 13 mm thick
in any part.
5 The undercoat is to be left rough and open from the edge of the trowel, and after it has been
left long enough to set firm, it should be combed with evenly spaced wavy horizontally lines.
the lines are to be approximately 20 mm apart and 5 mm deep (less in the case of a first coat
on metal lathing). The surface should not be scratched, however, when it is to receive a
Tyrolean finish.
6 The first undercoat applied to metal lathing is to be well worked into the lath to ensure that
the material is completely embedded.
7 The finishing coat should not to be less than 5 mm or more than 10 mm thick and is to be
laid on with a trowel and finished with a wood float, care being taken not to over-work the
surface.
8 All coats are to be applied with firm pressure to exclude air and to ensure a good bond.
9 All coats are to be prevented from drying out too quickly. Between the hot months of April
and November the work should only be carried out in the shade. All external rendering is to
be protected by properly constructed hessian or similar screens during this period.
10 Each coat is to be kept damp by means of a fog spray of water for a minimum of three days
to allow the render to cure and then be allowed to dry out for at least a further three days
before a subsequent coat is applied or, in the case of the finish coat, before the protective
screens are removed.
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11 The surface of the finish coat is to be smooth, true and free from waviness, irregularities or
blemishes with straight, level or plumb angles. External angles are to be pencil rounded.
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12 Care is to be taken when rendering up to plaster beads or stops to avoid excessive polishing
at the arris and damage to the galvanizing, or stainless steel.
2.11 PORTLAND CEMENT PLASTER
2.11.1 Materials
1 Cement shall comply with the requirements of EN 197-1.
2 If premix Portland cement plasters are used they shall be polymer modified premixed
cementitious base, complying with ASTM C150, ASTM C897 or equivalent, and application
standard ASTM C926 or BS EN 13914 or equivalent.
3 Aggregate shall comply with the requirements of BS EN 13139 and the relevant provisions of
section 5, concrete,
4 Mixing ratio: 50 kg bag with 10 to 12 liters of clean cool water (water part 4 sec. 5).
5 VOC and formaldehyde: None (<10g/l) when tested according to ISO/FDIS 11890- 2/GC-
MS
6 Thermal conductivity according to EN 1745 or as required by the engineer.
2.11.2 Application of Portland Cement Plaster.
1 Application shall comply with ASTM C926 or BS EN 13914

2 Do not deviate more than plus or minus (3.1 mm in 3 m) from a true plane in finished plaster
surfaces, as measured by a (3-m)straightedge placed on surface.
3 Grout hollow-metal frames, bases, and similar work occurring in plastered areas, with base-
coat plaster material, before lathing where necessary. Except where full grouting is indicated
or required for fire-resistance rating, grout at least (152 mm)at each jamb anchor.
4 Finish plaster flush with metal frames and other built-in metal items or accessories that act
as a plaster ground, unless otherwise indicated. Where casing bead does not terminate
plaster at metal frame cut base coat free from metal frame before plaster sets and groove
finish coat at junctures with metal.
5 Provide plaster surfaces that are ready to receive field-applied finishes indicated.
6 Concealed plaster application behind built-in cabinets, similar furnishings, and equipment,
apply finish coat, where concealed above suspended ceilings and in similar locations, finish
coat may be omitted. Plaster application will be used as a base for adhesive application of
tile and similar finishes, finish coat may be omitted.
7 Water shall comply with the requirements of part 4 of section 5
2.12 POLYMER PLASTERING

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2.12.1 Materials and Application of Plaster

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1 Materials and Application shall comply with the requirements of PD CEN/TR 15123
2.13 TABLE PIGMENTS FOR CEMENT
2.13.1 Materials
1 Any pigments used to colour cement or cement products shall meet the requirements of BS
EN 12878 or relevant ASTM standards.
2.14 TEST FOR DRYNESS
2.14.1 Procedures
1 Moisture content is to be ascertained by use of a hygrometer or similar approved instrument.

A substrate will be considered dry when all readings taken in the corners, along edges and
at various points over the area being tested show 75 % relative humidity or less.
END OF PART
QCS 2014 Section 24: Finishes to Buildings Page 1
Part 03: Dry Lining (Wallboard)
3 DRY LINING (WALLBOARD) ........................................................................ 2

3.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
3.1.1 Scope 2
3.1.2 References 2
3.2 DRY LININGS ................................................................................................ 2
3.2.1 Materials 2
3.2.2 Storage of Materials 3
3.3 FIXING OF WALLBOARD ............................................................................. 3
3.3.1 Fixing Wallboard to Framed Backgrounds 3
3.3.2 Fixing Wallboard to Solid Background 4
3.3.3 Jointing of Dry Lining for Direct Decoration 5
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3 DRY LINING (WALLBOARD)
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for use of dry wallboard or plaster board.

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 2 Lath and Plaster
Section 1 General
3.1.2 References
1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:

BS 1230 ......................Gypsum Plasterboard
BS 8000 ......................Workmanship on building sites
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3.2 DRY LININGS

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3.2.1 Materials
1 Gypsum wallboard is to consist of either 9.5 or 12.7 mm thick gypsum plasterboard

complying with BS 1230, having one face finished for direct decoration.
2 Thermal wallboard is to comply with Table 3.1 and consist of an insulation core having a
thermal conductivity of not less than 0.037 W/mC bonded on one side to the gypsum
wallboard and on the reverse side with a water-vapour resistant membrane.
Table 3.1
Thermal Wallboard
Nominal Overall Wallboard Minimum Thermal
Insulation Thickness
Thickness Thickness Resistance
(mm) (mm) (mm) (W/m C)
22 9.5 12.7 0.40
25 12.7 12.7 0.42
28 9.5 19.0 0.57
32 12.7 19.0 0.59

3 The edge profiles of wallboard to be:
(a) tapered - for smooth seamless jointing

(b) bevelled - for V-jointing
(c) square - for stippled textured coatings, corner strip jointing or plaster.
4 Accessories for installing wallboard are to be approved proprietary materials recommended

by the manufacturer of the board and are to comply with the requirements of BS 8000, Part 8.
3.2.2 Storage of Materials
1 Wallboards are to be stored flat in dry conditions and should always be carried on edge.
2 Rolls of sheet materials are to be stored standing on end.
3.3 FIXING OF WALLBOARD
3.3.1 Fixing Wallboard to Framed Backgrounds
1 The background is to provide supports at the maximum centres shown in Table 3.2.
Additional framing members are to be provided as necessary to ensure that all board edges
are supported.
Table 3.2
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Maximum Support Centres for Gypsum Wallboard

and Thermal Wallboard on Framed Background
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Type Of Board Thickness Width Maximum Centres
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Wallboard 9.5 900 450 450
9.5 1200 400 400
12.7 600 600 450
12.7 900 450 450
12.7 1200 600 600
Thermal 22 1200 400 400
Wallboard 25 1200 600 600
28 1200 400 400
32 1200 600 600
2 The boards are to be fixed to backgrounds with the paper covered edges vertical and to
ceilings with the paper covered edges at right angles to the main supporting members/joists.
3 The boards are to be fixed to the backgrounds not nearer than 15 mm from the edges using
40 x 2 mm galvanized clout nails for wallboard and 60 x 2.5 mm galvanized clout nails for
thermal wallboard.
4 The nails should be driven home straight and firmly so that the heads are slightly below the
surface of the board. Care shall taken not to fracture the board. Care shall also be taken to
ensure hat the insulation is not compressed unduly.
5 Boards to receive direct decoration are to be fixed so that:
(a) Paper covered edges are lightly butted together

(b) Cut edges occur at internal angles
(c) Cut edges occurring at external angles are masked by paper covered edges
(d) Cut edges meeting in the same plane have a 3 mm gap between them.
6 The insulation to thermal wallboard is to be rebated at external angles to give a continuous

plasterboard face.
3.3.2 Fixing Wallboard to Solid Background
1 The walls are to be thoroughly brushed down with a hard broom to remove dust, crystallised
efflorescent salts and loose mortar.
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2 Bitumen impregnated fibreboard levelling pads size approximately 75 x 50 mm are to be

bedded into minimum 3 mm thick plaster dabs set plumb by use of a straightedge and
builders level at not more than 1 metre centres vertically and to bridge each board joint plus
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one intermediate row horizontally.
3 When the pads have set an adhesive recommended by the manufacturer of the boards
should be applied to the wall in dabs to stand proud of the pads. Unless recommended
otherwise the dabs shall be 50 to 75 mm wide by the length of the trowel with 50 to 75 mm
gaps, in lines:
(a) Set in 25 mm around the perimeter of each board.

(b) On the line of the intermediate fixing pads.
4 The boards shall then to be pressed back firmly to the line of the pads and temporarily fixed
with double headed nails until the adhesive has set. A true and flat surface should be
achieved.
5 Boards to receive direct decoration are to be fixed so that:
(a) paper covered edges are lightly butted together.

(b) Cut edges occur at internal angles.
(c) Cut edges occurring at external angles are masked by paper covered edges.
(d) Cut edges meeting in the same plane have a 3 mm gap between.
6 The insulation to thermal wallboard is to be rebated at external angles to give a continuous

plasterboard face.
3.3.3 Jointing of Dry Lining for Direct Decoration
1 The joints of square edge boards which are to receive a stippled textured coating are to be
finished with a paper faced cotton joint tape fixed with a suitable adhesive.
2 The joints of bevelled edge boards are to have the V joint completely filled with joint filler
and the surplus removed.
3 The joints of tapered edge boards should either be finished by the manual methods
described in the following paragraphs, or except for joints at external angles, by approved
mechanical methods recommended by the manufacturer of the board.
4 Before jointing commences the boards are to be checked to ensure that all are securely fixed
and protruding screws or nails are driven home. Cut edges are to be lightly sanded to remove
burrs and treated with a brush coat of PVC sealer.
5 Joints in straight runs of tapered edge boards are to be finished as follows:
(a) A continuous, thin band of joint filler is to be applied to the trough of the tapered edge
joints using an applicator and making sure areas are not left uncovered. A 45 mm wide
joint tape is to then be pressed into the band of filler using a taping knife. The tape
is to be firmly bedded and free from air bubbles, with sufficient filler under the tape
to ensure good adhesion
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(b) Immediately after the tape has been fixed a new layer of filler is to be applied over it.
This should be brought flush with the surface of the board. Before the filler begins to
stiffen, a jointing sponge should be moistened and surplus material wiped from the
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edges of the joint, taking care not to disturb the main joint filling
(c) Once the filler has set, any slight depressions in the surface are to be filled with
another coat of the filler an any projections cut back with the taping knife.
(d) When the filler has set a thick layer of joint finish is to be applied to a broad band 200
to 250 mm wide over the joint using the applicator. The edges of this band shall be
immediately feathered out with a slightly damp jointing sponge. When this band of
jointing finish has dried, another application is to be made and feathered out as before.
The first coat of finish must dry before the final finish coat is applied.
6 Joints at internal angles of tapered edge boards are to be finished as follows:
(a) The jointing tape is to be folded and pressed firmly into the angle using a brush or
applicator to make sure any air bubbles are removed and the tape is firmly bedded. A
thin layer of joint finish 150 mm wide centred on the joint is to be applied immediately
and the edges feathered out with the jointing sponge.
(b) surplus material is to be removed from the extreme edges as described in sub-
paragraph 5(b) above.
(c) when this coat has dried, another coat of joint finish 200-250 mm wide is to be applied
and the edges feathered out with the jointing sponge.
7 Joints at external angles of tapered edge boards are to be finished as follows:
(a) the edges of the board to be treated as recommended by the dry lining manufacturer
with the insulation cut back and using a bound and tapered edge so as to mask the
cut edge of the dry lining.
(b) the angles should be reinforced with a 54 mm wide corner tape consisting of strong
paper tape with bonded parallel steel reinforcement strips. The tape is to be cut to the
required length and creased firmly at the angles to allow the steel strips to lie close to
the board surfaces. A 50 mm wide band of joint filler is to be applied to each side of
the angle and the tape be pressed firmly into the corner with a taping knife, making
sure that the arris of the folded tape is straight.
(c) immediately after bedding the tape, a 125 mm band of joint filler shall be applied to
both sides of the angle with an applicator and the edges feathered out with the
jointing sponge.
(d) after the filler coat has set, a thin layer of joint finish is to be applied and the edges
again feathered out with the jointing sponge.
(e) when the first filler coat is dry, the process is to be repeated with a further application
of joint finish.
8 Nail and screw indentations are to be filled with joint filler and finished flush. When the filler
has set a thin layer of joint finish is to be applied and the edges feathered out with the jointing
sponge.
9 When all jointing and filling has been completed and the last application of joint finish has
dried, a slurry coat of joint finish shall be applied over the entire surface of the boards to give
an even sponged texture.
TC
END OF PART
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Part 04: Special Wall Surfaces
4 SPECIAL WALL SURFACES ........................................................................ 2

4.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
4.1.1 Scope 2
4.1.2 References 2
4.2 AGGREGATE COATINGS ............................................................................ 2
4.2.1 Tyrolean Rendering 2
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Part 04: Special Wall Surfaces
4 SPECIAL WALL SURFACES
4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for manufactured special or non-standard wall surface,
both interior and exterior use, and special protective wall coatings. As these items may be
non-standard and tailored individually for specific projects, it will be the Contractors
responsibility to ensure that specifications or requirements are provided by manufacturers
and approved by the Engineer. Where applicable, the relevant provisions of BS 8000 shall be
complied with.

This Section:
Part 1 General
Part 2 Lath and Plaster
Part 3 Dry Lining (Wallboard)
Section 1 General
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4.1.2 References

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BS 8000......................Workmanship on Building Sites
4.2 AGGREGATE COATINGS
4.2.1 Tyrolean Rendering
1 Tyrolean rendering is to consist of white cement and coarse washed sand complying with
Tables 2.2 and 2.3 of Part 2 of this Section in the proportions of 1:1.5 or 1:2 applied to a
rendered undercoat.
2 Sufficient supplies of sand from a single source are to be stockpiled on site to ensure that the
Tyrolean finish is of even texture and colour throughout the Works.
3 The rendered undercoat is to be applied in accordance with Tables 2.2 and 2.3 of Part 2 of
this Section except that the surface of the undercoat is to be finished smooth with a wood
float and not scratched.
4 The Tyrolean finish coat is to be applied by an approved hand-operated machine in layers to

build up an average thickness of 6 mm and be allowed to cure and dry in the same way as a
final rendering coat.
END OF PART
Part 05: Tiles
5 TILES ...................................................................................................................... 2
5.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 2
5.1.1 Scope 2
5.1.2 References 2
5.2 TILE ADHESIVES AND GROUTS ........................................................................... 3
5.2.1 Adhesive Types 3
5.2.2 PREPARATION 3
5.2.3 INSTALLATION, GENERAL 4
5.3 CERAMIC TILES ..................................................................................................... 5
5.3.1 General 5
5.3.2 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiles 5
5.3.3 Fixing Internal Ceramic Wall Tiles 5
5.3.4 Fixing External Ceramic Tiles 6
5.3.5 Floor Tiles 7
5.3.6 Laying Ceramic Floor Tiles by the Semi-Dry Mix Method 7
5.3.7 Laying Ceramic Floor Tiles by the Direct Mortar Bedding Method 8
TC
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Part 05: Tiles
5 TILES
5.1 GENERAL
5.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for use of ceramic tile products and the installation of
such for wall and floor surfaces.
This Section
Part 1 ............... General
Part 2 ............... Lath and Plaster
Part 3 ............... Dry Lining (Wallboard)
Part 4 ............... Special Wall Surfaces
Part 6 ............... Terrazzo
Part 7 ............... Stone Flooring
Part 8 ............... Unit Masonry Flooring
Part 9 ............... Floor Screeds and Treatments
Part 10 ............. Joints, Caulking and Sealants
Section 13 ....... Masonry

5.1.2 References
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1 The following standards are approved and/ or referred to in this Part:

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BS 8000-11 ...............Workmanship on building sites. Internal and external wall and floor
tiling. Ceramic and agglomerated stone tiles, natural stone and
terrazzo tiles and slabs, and mosaics. Code of practice
BS 8298-1 ..................Code of practice for the design and installation of natural stone
cladding and lining. General
BS 7956 .....................Specification for primers for woodwork
BS EN 12057 .............Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements
BS EN 12058 .............Natural stone products. Slabs for floors and stairs. Requirements
BS EN 15285 .............Agglomerated stone. Modular tiles for flooring and stairs (internal and
external)
BS EN 12440 .............Natural stone. Denomination criteria
BS EN 14411 ............Ceramic tiles. Definitions, classification, characteristics, evaluation of
conformity and marking
BS EN 12004 .............Adhesives for tiles. Requirements, evaluation of conformity,
classification and designation
GSO ISO 13006 ........Ceramic tiles. Definitions, classification, characteristics and marking
GSO ISO 10545-16 (BS EN ISO 10545-16) Ceramic tiles: Determination of small colour differences
GSO ISO 10545-15 (BS EN ISO 10545-15). Ceramic tiles: Determination of lead and cadmium given
off by glazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-14 (BS EN ISO 10545-14). Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to stains
GSO ISO 10545-13 (BS EN ISO 10545-13). Ceramic tiles: Determination of chemical resistance
Part 05: Tiles
GSO ISO 10545-12 (BS EN ISO 10545-12). Ceramic tiles: Determination of frost resistance
GSO ISO 10545-11 (BS EN ISO 10545-11). Ceramic tiles: Determination of crazing resistance for
glazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-10 (BS EN ISO 10545-10). Ceramic tiles: Determination of moisture expansion
GSO ISO 10545-9 (BS EN ISO 10545-9) Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to thermal shock
GSO ISO 10545-8 (BS EN ISO 10545-8). Ceramic tiles: Determination of linear thermal expansion
GSO ISO 10545-7 (BS EN ISO 10545-7). Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to surface
abrasion for glazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-6 (BS EN ISO 10545-6). Ceramic tiles: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion
for unglazed tiles
GSO ISO 10545-5 (BS EN ISO 10545-5). Ceramic tiles: Determination of impact resistance by
measurement of coefficient of restitution
GSO ISO 10545-4 (BS EN ISO 10545-4). Ceramic tiles: Determination of modulus of rupture and
breaking strength
GSO ISO 10545-3 (BS EN ISO 10545-3). Ceramic tiles: Determination of water absorption, apparent
porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density
GSO ISO 10545-2 (BS EN ISO 10545-2). Ceramic tiles: Determination of dimensions and surface
quality
GSO ISO 10545-1 (BS EN ISO 10545-1) Ceramic tiles: Sampling and basis for acceptance
GSO ISO 13007-4 (BS ISO 13007-4) Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Test methods for grouts
GSO ISO 13007-3 (BS ISO 13007-3)_ Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Terms, definitions and
specifications for grouts
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GSO ISO 13007-2 (BS ISO 13007-2) Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Test methods for adhesives
GSO ISO 13007-1 (BS ISO 13007-1) Ceramic tiles. Grouts and adhesives: Terms,
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definitions and specifications for adhesives

Classification system
ISO 14574 .................Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics).
Mechanical properties
Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature --
Determination of compression properties
ANSI A108 / A118 / A136.1 American National Specifications for the Installation of
Ceramic Tile
The Tile Council of America TCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation (The Tile Council of
North America TCNA Handbook for Ceramic, Glass, and Stone Tile Installation)
5.2 TILE ADHESIVES AND GROUTS

5.2.1 Adhesive Types
1 Adhesives used for fixing ceramic tiles to comply with. GSO ISO 13007-1 or BS EN 12004
5.2.2 PREPARATION
1 Remove coatings that are incompatible with tile-setting materials from substrates, including
curing compounds and other substances that contain soap, wax, oil, or silicone.
Part 05: Tiles
2 For concrete substrates for tile floors installed with adhesives or thin-set mortar, correct
conditions that do not comply with flatness tolerances specified in referenced ANSI A108
Series of tile installation standards.
(a) Fill cracks, holes, and depressions with trowel able leveling and patching compound
according to tile-setting material manufacturer's written instructions. Use product
specifically recommended by tile-setting material manufacturer.
(b) Remove protrusions, bumps, and ridges by sanding or grinding.
3 Apply primer-sealer to wood and plywood subfloors when recommended by tile-setting
material manufacturer.
4 Lay out tile patterns by marking joint lines on substrates to verify joint placement at edges,
corners, doors, and other critical elements.
(a) Notify Architect seven days in advance of dates and times when layout will be done.
(b) Obtain Architect's approval of layout before starting tile installation.
5.2.3 INSTALLATION, GENERAL
1 Installation standards shall comply with requirements of ANSI A108 or TCNA or BS 8000-11.
2 ANSI Tile Installation Standards: Comply with requirements of ANSI A108 that apply to types
of setting and grouting materials and to methods indicated.
(a) For stone tile floors, follow procedures in ANSI A108 for providing 95 percent mortar
coverage.
TC
(b) For stone tile walls, follow procedures in ANSI A108 series for the materials being
used.
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(c) For stone threshold, follow procedures in ANSI A108 series for the materials being
used
(d) For stone countertops, follow procedures in ANSI A108 series for the materials being
used
3 TCA Installation Guidelines or TCNA Handbook : Comply with TCA's "Handbook for
Ceramic Tile Installation" and TCA installation methods indicated.
4 Wipe backs of tiles with a damp cloth to remove dirt and dust before units are installed.
5 Extend tile work into recesses and under or behind equipment and fixtures to form complete
covering without interruptions, unless otherwise indicated. Terminate work neatly at
obstructions, edges, and corners without disrupting pattern or joint alignments.
6 Accurately form intersections and returns. Perform cutting and drilling of tile without marring
visible surfaces. Fit tile closely to electrical outlets, piping, fixtures, and other penetrations so
plates, collars, or covers overlap tile.
7 Finish cut tile edges that will not be concealed by other construction by grinding and honing
cut surfaces and easing edges to match factory-fabricated edges, unless otherwise
indicated.
8 Jointing Pattern: Lay tile in grid pattern, unless otherwise indicated. Align joints when
adjoining tiles on floor, base, walls, and trim are same size. Lay out tile work and center tile
fields in both directions in each space or on each wall area. Adjust to minimize tile cutting.
9 Match tiles within each space by selecting tiles to achieve uniformity of color and pattern.
Reject or relocate tiles that do not match color and pattern of adjacent tiles.
10 Mix tiles to achieve a uniformly random distribution of color shadings and patterns.
Part 05: Tiles
11 Pattern Orientation: For stone varieties with directional pattern, orient pattern as directed by
Architect.
12 Expansion Joints: Locate expansion joints and other sealant-filled joints, including control,
contraction, and isolation joints, where indicated during installation of setting materials,
mortar beds, and tile. Do not saw-cut joints after installing tiles.
(a) Locate joints in tile surfaces directly above joints in concrete substrates.
(b) Use single-component, non sag polyurethane for joints in walls.
(c) Use single-component, non sag polyurethane for joints in floors.
5.3 CERAMIC TILES

5.3.1 General
1 This specification includes ceramic wall tiles used in standard applications for floor and wall
surfaces.
2 Tile products for walls and floors shall comply with BS EN 14411 or GSO ISO 10545 or ISO
15165 or ANSI A118 / A136.1 Material Specifications.
3 Application shall comply with BS 8000, Part 11 or ANSI A108 or TCNA Handbook for
Ceramic.
5.3.2 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tiles
1 Glazed ceramic wall tiles for internal use shall comply with the approved references and for
TC
external use must be recommended for the purpose by the manufacturer.

2 Grout for wall tiling to be an approved proprietary grout.
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5.3.3 Fixing Internal Ceramic Wall Tiles

1 Ceramic wall tiles shall be fixed by bedding in an approved adhesive on cement rendering.
The rendering shall be applied in accordance with Part 2 of this Section except where
modified by the requirements of this Part.
2 All backgrounds are to receive the spatterdash treatment described in Clause 2.9.1 3(b) of
Part 2 of this Section before the surfaces are rendered.
3 The rendering is to be in one coat, except where applied to metal lathing when two coats are
to be used, and be left with a wood float finish. It is to be as uniformly thick as possible and
not less than 8 mm or more than 13 mm thick in any part.
4 Mesh reinforcement is to be incorporated in the rendering in accordance with Clause 2.8 of
Part 2 of this Section where:
(a) the structure is out of line and the thickness of render required exceeds 13 mm
(b) the rendering is to be applied over differing structural materials (See Clause 2.9 of
Part 2 of this Section)
(c) the surface of the structural wall will be subject to excessive movement.
5 Where the tiling is to be bedded in a thin-bed adhesive, the trueness of the rendering is to be
such that when tested with a 3 m straightedge, no gap exceeds 3 mm. Where the gap
exceeds 3 mm but is less than 6 mm, or if the walls are out of plumb by not more than 6 mm,
the Engineer may permit a thick-bed adhesive to be used or may direct that the defective
areas are cut back and made good. Deviations from true or plumb in the surface of the
rendering exceeding 6 mm are to be made good.
Part 05: Tiles
6 Thin-bed adhesive should not be used for fixing tiles with backs incorporating deep keys or
frogs; for these thick-bed adhesives must be used.
7 The tiles are to be set out before the work commences so that:
(a) cut tiles are kept to a minimum and where they do occur, are as large as possible
(b) joints are horizontal and vertical, with horizontal joints aligning in walls that are
adjacent.
8 The tiles shall be neatly and accurately cut to a close fit where necessary at abutments and
around outlets, pipes and the like.
9 Movement joints not less than 6 mm wide are to be provided:
(a) at all internal vertical corners
(b) at all angles with structural walls and ceilings
(c) to give bays not greater than 3000 x 4500 mm
(d) over all structural movement joints.
10 The joints are to be carried through the rendering to the structural wall and shall be partially
filled with an approved joint filler and finished flush with an approved sealant recommended
by the manufacturer for the situation in which it will be used.
11 Glazed edge tiles to be used where edges are exposed.
12 The adhesive is to be prepared and applied with a trowel to dry rendering in the manner
TC
recommended by the manufacturer. The tiles are to be pressed firmly into the adhesive with
a twisting/sliding action, tapped firmly into position and cleaned as soon as the bedding is
complete.
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13 It is essential that the tiles are fixed in position before the surface of the adhesive dries and
2
the work is to be carried out in small areas of not more than 1m at a time.
14 The finished surface of the tiles should be plumb and true such that when checked with a 3
m straightedge no gap exceeds 3 mm.
15 The joints are to be even, approximately 2 mm wide and where tiles without spacer lugs are
used, spacer pegs of suitable and even thickness to be inserted between the tiles as the
work proceeds.
16 The joints are to be grouted after the adhesive has set and not less than 48 hours after
fixing. The grout should be well worked into the joints so that they are completely filled, and
finished flush. Surplus grout is to be cleaned off as the work proceeds using a damp cloth
and the joints tooled smooth.
5.3.4 Fixing External Ceramic Tiles
1 The ceramic wall tiles are to be fixed by bedding in an approved adhesive or cement
rendering. The adhesive must be suitable for external application and the Contractor is to
obtain confirmation from the manufacturer that it is suitable for the type of tile to be fixed and
in the climatic conditions prevalent in Qatar and provide the Engineer with copies of the
correspondence.
2 The tiling is to be carried out generally in accordance with Clause 5.3.3 of this Part
describing internal work except that the rendered backing is to be reinforced with galvanized
welded fabric reinforcing mesh and except where modified by this Clause.
3 Stainless steel reinforcing mesh to be used where shown on the drawings or as directed by
the Engineer.
Part 05: Tiles
4 The mesh is to be fixed, with the horizontal wires outwards by means of 25 mm stainless
steel anchors or by drilling holes in which plastic anchors are inserted to receive 38 mm
stainless steel, slotted head, countersunk wood screws. It is essential that the fixings extend
into the structural wall by a minimum of 25 mm after passing through any dubbing etc.
5 The fixings are to be set at maximum 450 mm centers in both directions and staggered,
located so that the horizontal wires of the mesh rest on the screws. The vertical wires of the
mesh shall be spaced 3 mm from the structure by stainless steel washers placed as the
screws are inserted.
6 The mesh should be secured to the screws by stainless steel binding wire of softened quality
and 1.22 mm in diameter, twisted tightly and with its ends turned inwards.
7 The mesh is to be cut off at all movement joints leaving 40 mm free space on either side.
8 All cut edges of the mesh are to receive a coating of bitumen solution.
9 A slurry coat of neat cement is to be brushed on the background and the mesh. Whilst the
slurry coat is still wet, the rendering is to be applied, working around and through the wires
and ensuring that it is fully bonded to the background and that the wire is covered by a
thickness of 7 mm.
10 Joints in tiled areas are not to be less than the width of the joints in the tiling and be provided
in positions to be agreed with the Engineer, generally:
(a) over all structural movement joints.
(b) to give bays not greater than 3000 by 4500 mm.
TC
(c) at all internal and external vertical corners.

(d) at each storey height level coinciding with the bottom of the floor slab.
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5.3.5 Floor Tiles

1 Ceramic floor tiles and clay floor quarry tiles shall comply with the approved references.
2 Tiles designated as fully vitrified clay on the drawings shall have a water absorption below
0.5%.
5.3.6 Laying Ceramic Floor Tiles by the Semi-Dry Mix Method
1 The areas of concrete substrata to be tiled are to be brushed clean and dampened until
absorption ceases and the finished floor level is to be established by means of dots and
rules.
2 The mortar for bedding the tiles is to be to the thickness shown elsewhere in the Project
Documentation. It shall consist of 1 part of cement to 4 parts of sand by volume, mixed semi-
dry in a mechanical mixer with only sufficient water added to give a crumbly consistency that
retains its shape when squeezed in the hand.
3 The minimum thickness of bedding with this system of laying is to be 40 mm. Where a
bedding thickness in excess of 70 mm is required a maximum 10 mm aggregate is to be
incorporated in the proportion of 1 part cement, 1.5 parts dry sand and 3 parts dry coarse
aggregate, by weight, laid in two applications of approximately equal thickness. The lower
layer is to be roughly compacted, but not allowed to stiffen, before the final layer is placed on
top.
4 The mix is to be spread to a thickness approximately 10 mm greater than that actually
required for the bed and be thoroughly compacted by tamping and drawing off to the
required level with a screed board. Only sufficient mortar is to be mixed and spread as can
be covered with tiles before it has attained its initial set.
Part 05: Tiles
5 A slurry of 1 part cement and 1 part sand, by volume, is to be poured over the surface of the
semi-dry mix bedding and spread with a trowel until it is approximately 2 mm thick. Dry tiles
are then to be laid on the slurry and beaten firmly into position with a wooden beater to
ensure a true surface and contact between the tiles and bedding is complete.
6 The tiles must be correctly positioned at the time they are placed and laid with joints of about
3 mm.
7 Grouting of the joints to be carried out within a period of 4 hours of the completion of the
laying of the tiles so that the grout will attach itself firmly to the bedding. Care is to be taken
to avoid disturbing the tiles and walking boards are to be used during the grouting operation.
8 The grouting mix is to either consist of 1 part cement to 1 part fine, dry sand by volume, or
an approved proprietary grout may be used.
9 The tiles are to be neatly and accurately cut to a close fit where necessary at abutments and
around outlets, pipes and the like.
10 Tiles are to be laid level or to 1% falls in wet areas, as may be required. Localised
variations in level for a nominally flat floor are to be a maximum of 3 mm under a 3 m
straightedge. Particular care is to be taken in wet areas to prevent low spots and the
pooling of water.
11 Skirtings of the same tile size as the floor are to be fixed in such a manner that their vertical
joints coincide with the horizontal joints of the floor tiles.
5.3.7 Laying Ceramic Floor Tiles by the Direct Mortar Bedding Method
TC
1 The areas of concrete substrata to be tiled should be brushed clean and dampened until
AM
rules.
2 The mortar for bedding the tiles is to consider of 1 part of cement to 4 parts of sand by
volume, mixed in a mechanical mixer to a stiff plastic consistency so that when tamped and
fully compacted into place free water does not bleed to the surface.
3 The bedding mortar is to be laid on the concrete substrata 15 to 25 mm thick, except where
tiles 10 mm thickness or less are used in which case the bedding is not to exceed 15 mm,
and shall be levelled and tamped with a straightedge board.
4 The tiles are to be soaked in clean water for 15 to 30 minutes before fixing and allowed to
drain for 10 minutes to remove all surplus water. Fully vitrified tiles do not require soaking.
5 The bedding mortar is to be lightly dusted with dry cement sprinkled from a flour sieve and
lightly trowelled level until the surface becomes damp. The tiles are then to be laid on the
bedding and beaten firmly into position with a wooden beater to ensure a true surface and
that contact between the tiles and bedding is complete.
6 Grouting and the other requirements of the semi-dry mix method described in Clause 5.3.6
of this Part of this Section also apply to the direct mortar bedding method.
END OF PART
Part 06: Terrazzo
6 TERRAZZO ................................................................................................... 2
6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 2
6.1.1 Scope 2
6.1.2 References 2
6.2 PORTLAND CEMENT TERRAZZO ............................................................... 2
6.2.1 General 2
6.2.2 Terrazzo Floor Tiles and Skirtings 2
6.2.3 Laying Terrazzo Tiles 3
6.3 PRECAST TERRAZZO UNITS ...................................................................... 4
6.3.1 General 4
TC
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Part 06: Terrazzo
6 TERRAZZO
6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1.1 Scope
1 This Part provides specification for terrazzo products and the installation of same.

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 5 Tiles
Part 7 Stone Flooring
Part 8 Unit Masonry Flooring
Part 9 Floor Screeds and Treatments
Part 10 Joints Caulking and Sealants
6.1.2 References
1 The following standards are referred to in this Section:

TC
BS 8204 ......................In-situ flooring

AM
GSO EN 13748-1:2008 Terrazzo tiles. Terrazzo tiles for internal use

GSO EN 13748-2:2008 Terrazzo tiles. Terrazzo tiles for external use
6.2 PORTLAND CEMENT TERRAZZO
6.2.1 General
1 Terrazzo floor tiles and skirtings as described below are to comply with GSO EN 13748-1 and
GSO EN 13748-2, BS 8204, and BS 8000, Part 11 as applicable.
6.2.2 Terrazzo Floor Tiles and Skirtings
1 Portland cement and aggregates for the base layer and pigments used in the manufacture of
the tiles are to comply with Part 5 where applicable and the manufacturers recommended
standards. Aggregates for the facing layer are to consist of good quality, hard marble or other
approved natural stone with similar characteristics. The marble aggregates are to be graded,
but not to include a high fines or dust content and shall be sharp and angular.
2 The base layer is to consist of 3 to 3.5 parts of aggregate to 1 part of cement, proportioned
by weight. The facing layer should be such as to provide a minimum wearing surface of 6
mm after grinding and generally consist of 2.5 parts of aggregate to one part of coloured
cement by volume.
Part 06: Terrazzo
3 During manufacture, the tiles are to be vibrated to an extent which allows the entrapped air to
escape to the surface and compacts the aggregate at the wearing surface and hydraulically
pressed sufficient to mould the facing to the base layer.
4 The surface of the facing layer is to be ground and slight imperfections to be filled by grouting
with a neat cement paste coloured to match the original mix and well worked into the surface
before it is re-ground to a fine grit finish.
5 Skirting tiles are to have square or bevelled, ground top edges. Cut floor tiles are not to be
used for skirtings.
6 The tile facings are to be free from projections, depressions, flakes and crazes and the
aggregate be evenly distributed. The tiles should be square and of rectangular cross section
with sharp and true arises, and comply with the performance requirements of GSO EN
13748-1 and GSO EN 13748-2 and be of the minimum thickness given in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1
Thickness of Terrazzo Tiles
Length Of Each Side Minimum Thickness
(mm) (mm)
150 20
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200 20
225 20
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300 30
400 35
500 40
6.2.3 Laying Terrazzo Tiles
1 The areas of concrete substrata to be tiled are to be brushed clean and dampened until
rules.
2 The mortar for bedding the tiles is to be to the thickness as detailed elsewhere in the Project
Documentation. It shall consist of 1 part of cement to 4 parts of sand by volume, mixed semi-
dry in a mechanical mixer with only sufficient water added to give a crumbly consistency that
retains its shape when squeezed in the hand.
3 The mix is to be spread to a thickness approximately 10 mm greater than that actually

required for the bed and thoroughly compacted by tamping and drawing off to the required
level with a screed board. Only sufficient mortar is to be mixed and spread as can be covered
with tiles before it has attained its initial set.
Part 06: Terrazzo
4 A stiff slurry consisting of cement and water is to be prepared and spread on the back of the
tiles about 2 mm thick before they are laid on the bed and tapped firmly into position with a
rubber or wooden hammer. The tiles are then to be vigorously beaten with a wooden beater
to ensure a true surface and that contact between the titles and bedding is complete.
5 The tiles should be laid with joints of about 3 mm wide. Proper alignment shall be maintained
with continuous joints in both directions. The joints are to line-up through doorways where
possible.
6 At least 24 hours after laying the tiles, the joints are to be filled with neat cement grout to a
colour approved by the Engineer. Excess grout is to be removed with a squeegee and be
cleaned off the face of the tiling and surrounding surfaces as the work proceeds.
7 The tiles are to be laid with a minimum of cut tiles, but where it is necessary, they are to be
cut with a power driven saw and any rough edges be rubbed smooth. Rough cutting by
means of a chisel is not permitted.
8 Tiles are to be laid level or to 1 % falls in wet areas, as may be required. Localised
variation in level for a nominally flat floor is to be a maximum of 3 mm under a 3 m
straightedge. Particular care is to be taken in wet areas to prevent low spots and the
pooling of water.
9 Skirting is to be fixed in such manner that their vertical joints coincide with the horizontal
joints of the floor tiles.
TC
6.3 PRECAST TERRAZZO UNITS

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6.3.1 General
1 Precast terrazzo units to comply with the requirements of GSO EN 13748-1 and GSO EN
13748-2.
2 Precast terrazzo treads and risers are also to comply with Clause 5.3.3-16 of Part 5 of this
Section except that the facing layer of the treads are to be such as to provide a minimum
wearing surface of 12 mm after grinding.
3 All exposed edges of the units are to be terrazzo faced.

END OF PART
Part 07: Stone Flooring
7 STONE FLOORING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
7.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

7.1.1 Scope --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
7.1.2 References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
7.1.3 Allowable Tolerances ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
7.1.4 Submittals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
7.1.5 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling ------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
7.2 MATERIALS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

7.2.1 General ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
7.2.2 Other Materials --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
7.2.3 Mortar --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
7.2.4 Grout ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
7.3 EXECUTION OF WORK --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

7.3.1 Inspection ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
7.3.2 Application --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
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7 STONE FLOORING
7.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies requirements for interior stone flooring, set in mortar on a rigid base.

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 5 Tiles
Part 9 Flooring Screeds and Treatments
Part 10 Joint Caulking and Sealants
Section 1 General
Section 5 Concrete
7.1.2 References
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ASTM C1063 .............Standard Specification for Installation of Lathing and Furring to
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Receive Interior and Exterior Portland Cement-Based Plaster

ASTM C150 ................Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM C472 ................Test Methods for Physical testing of Gypsum, Gypsum Plasters and
Gypsum Concrete
ASTM C897 ................Standard Specification for Aggregate for Job-Mixed Portland Cement-
Based Plasters
ASTM C926 ................Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based
Plaster
BS 1202 .....................Nails
BS 1449 .....................Steel plate, sheet and strip
BS 1494 .....................Fixing accessories for building purposes
BS 405........................Uncoated expanded metal carbon steel sheets for general purposes
BS 4551 ..................... Mortar. Methods of test for mortar and screed. Chemical analysis and
physical testing
BS 5270-1 .................Bonding agents for use with gypsum plasters and cement
Specification for polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) emulsion bonding agents
for indoor use with gypsum building plasters
BS 5390 .....................Code of practice for stone masonry
BS 8000-11 ...............Workmanship on building sites. Internal and external wall and floor
tiling. Ceramic and agglomerated stone tiles, natural stone and
terrazzo tiles and slabs, and mosaics. Code of practice
BS 8204 .....................Screeds, bases and in situ floorings

BS 8298-1 ..................Code of practice for the design and installation of natural stone
cladding and lining. General
BS EN 1008:2002. ....Mixing water for concrete. Specification for sampling, testing and
assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from
processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete
cold forming: technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10143 .............Continuously hot-dip metal coated steel sheet and strip tolerances
on dimensions and shape
BS EN 12057 .............Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements
BS EN 12058 .............Natural stone products. Slabs for floors and stairs. Requirements
BS EN 12440 .............Natural stone. Denomination criteria
BS EN 13139 ............Aggregates for mortar
BS EN 15285 .............Agglomerated stone. Modular tiles for flooring and stairs (internal and
external)
BS EN 197-1 ..............Portland cement
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BS EN 413-1:2011 .....Masonry cement. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria

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The Tile Council of America TCA Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation (The Tile Council of
North America TCNA Handbook for Ceramic, Glass, and Stone Tile Installation)
7.1.3 Allowable Tolerances
1 Floor surface shall be true to plane within 3 mm in 3 m not cumulative.
2 Joint width deviation shall not be greater than 10 % of dimension shown on drawings.
7.1.4 Submittals
1 In accordance the with procedures in Section 1 the Contractor is to furnish the following:
(a) samples : minimum of five individual samples of stone showing range of extreme
variations in colour and texture.
(b) shop drawings : showing special stone shapes or patterns to be constructed.
7.1.5 Product Delivery, Storage and Handling
1 Deliver materials in original sealed containers marked with name of manufacturer and
identification of contents.
2 Store materials under waterproof on covering planking clear of ground, and protect from
handling damage, dirt stain, water and wind.
7.2 MATERIALS
7.2.1 General
1 Stone slabs to be uniform in quality and texture, free from shale, excess mica, seams,
sealing and disintegration to BS 5390.
2 Stone tiles shall be to BS 8000, Part 11 unless otherwise specified and detailed in the
drawings.
3 Rigid base of concrete in-situ floor to BS 8204 or as otherwise detailed in the drawings shall
be provided.
4 Provision and application of materials shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 5390.
7.2.2 Other Materials
1 Sand to be used for setting beds and mortart or grout mixtures shall be to BS 1199, BS
1200, and BS 882 as applicable.
2 Portland cement shall be to EN 197-1.

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3 Colouring pigments shall be pure mineral pigments. They shall be lime proof and non-fading
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and shall be added to grout or mortar by the manufacturer. In-situ coloured grout or mortar
is not acceptable unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer.
7.2.3 Mortar
1 Mortar shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 5224.
7.2.4 Grout
1 Grout shall consist of one part cement to three parts sand by volume, mixed with enough
water for flowability.
7.3 EXECUTION OF WORK
7.3.1 Inspection
1 Ensure that substrate is without voids or projections that would interfere with installation of
stone paving.
7.3.2 Application
1 General: Do not use stone slabs with chips, cracks, discoloration or other visible defects.
2 Installation with Portland cement grout.

(a) spread and screed the mortar setting bed mixture 12mm to 25mm in thickness true to
plane to BS 8000 Part 9
(b) limit the setting bed to minimum amount which can be covered with stone before
initial setting
(c) apply 0.75 mm layer of neat cement paste over the setting bed. Set and
level each unit immediately. Tamp the stone brick to completely contact the setting
bed
(d) grout the joints as soon as initial set is achieved. Place the grout in joints, strike flush
and tool slightly concave
(e) cure the grout by maintaining in a damp condition for seven days.
3 Installation with Portland cement mortar:

(a) install the stone in a full mortor bed. Remove excess mortar. Strike the joints flush
with the top surface of stone and tool slightly concave
(b) cure the mortar by maintaining in a damp condition for seven days.
END OF PART
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Part 08: Unit Masonry Flooring
8 UNIT MASONRY FLOORING ........................................................................ 2

8.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
8.1.1 Scope 2
8.1.2 References 2
8.1.3 Allowable Tolerances 2
8.1.4 Submittals 2
8.1.5 Product Delivery, Storage and handling 3
8.2 MATERIALS .................................................................................................. 3
8.2.1 Unit Masonry 3
8.2.2 Other Materials 3
8.2.3 Mortar 3
8.2.4 Grout 3
8.3 EXECUTION OF WORK ................................................................................ 3
8.3.1 Inspection 3
8.3.2 Application 3
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8 UNIT MASONRY FLOORING
8.1 GENERAL
8.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies requirements for interior and unit masonry flooring, set in mortar on a rigid
base.

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 5 Tiles
Part 6 Terrazzo
Part 10 Joint, Caulking and Sealants
Section 1 General
Section 5 Concrete
Section 13 Masonry
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8.1.2 References
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EN 197-1 ....................Portland cement
BS 1199 .....................Building sands from natural sources
BS 1200 .....................Building sands from natural sources
BS 5224 .....................Masonry cement
BS 6073 .....................Precast concrete masonry units
8.1.3 Allowable Tolerances
1 Floor surfaces are to be level and true to plane. The tolerance for deviation shall not be more
than a 3 mm over a distance 3 m.
2 Joint width deviation shall not be greater than 10 % of dimension indicated in the project
Documentation.
8.1.4 Submittals
1 In accordance with the relevant provisions of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to furnish
the following:
(a) samples: five individual samples of unit masonry flooring showing extent of variations
in colour and texture
(b) shop drawings: showing special brick shapes and construction patterns.
8.1.5 Product Delivery, Storage and handling
1 Materials shall be delivered and stored on Site in their original sealed containers marked with
name of manufacturer and identification of contents.
2 The Contractor is to store materials under waterproof covers on planking clear of ground.
8.2 MATERIALS
8.2.1 Unit Masonry
1 Unit masonry or paving bricks shall comply with BS 6073.
8.2.2 Other Materials
1 Sand shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1199 and BS 1200.
2 Portland Cement shall comply with the relevant provisions of EN 197-1.
3 Colouring pigments shall be pure mineral pigments. They shall be lime proof and non-fading
and shall be added to grout or mortar by the manufacturer. In-situ coloured grout or mortar is
not acceptable unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer.
8.2.3 Mortar
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1 Mortar shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 5224.

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8.2.4 Grout
1 Grout shall consist of one part cement to three parts sand by volume, mixed with enough
water for flowability.
8.3 EXECUTION OF WORK
8.3.1 Inspection
1 The Contractor is to inspect the substrate and make sure that it is without voids or projections
that would interfere with installation of brick or other unit masonry paving.
8.3.2 Application
1 The use of unit masonry with chips, cracks, discoloration or other visible defects is not
permitted.
2 Installation with Portland cement grout.
(a) spread the mortar setting bed mixture 12 mm to 25 mm in thickness to a true plane
(b) limit the setting bed to minimum amount which can be covered with brick before the
initial setting
(c) apply 0.75 mm layer of neat cement paste over the setting bed, set and level each
unit immediately and tamp bricks to completely contact the setting bed
(d) grout the joints as soon as the initial set is achieved; place the grout in joints, strike
flush and tool to form slightly concave finish
(e) cure the grout by maintaining in a damp condition for seven days.
3 Installation with Portland cement mortar:
(a) install bricks in a full mortar bed, remove excess mortar and strike the joints flush with
top surface or stone and tool to form a slightly concave finish
(b) cure the mortar by maintaining in a damp condition for seven days.
END OF PART
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Part 09: Floor Screeds and Treatments
9 FLOOR SCREEDS AND TREATMENTS ...................................................... 2

9.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
9.1.1 Scope 2
9.1.2 References 2
9.2 PREPARATION AND PROCEDURES .......................................................... 2
9.2.1 Cement and Sand Floor Screeds 2
9.3 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................. 2
9.3.1 Workmanship 2
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9 FLOOR SCREEDS AND TREATMENTS
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for the installation of floor screeds and treatment.

This Section
Part 5 Tiles
Part 6 Terrazzo
Section 1 General
Section 5 Concrete
9.1.2 References

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9.2 PREPARATION AND PROCEDURES
9.2.1 Cement and Sand Floor Screeds
1 The surface of the concrete base must be clean, firm and rough to ensure a good bond. This
is to be achieved by hacking thoroughly to remove all laitence and to expose the aggregate
over the whole area, followed by sweeping clean and hosing down to remove all dust.
2 The base is to be soaked with water for at least 12 hours and any surplus water removed
before laying commences.
3 Screeds to receive thin flexible finishes (i.e. of vinyl and rubber sheet or tile) are to consist of
1 part of cement of 3 parts of sand by weight to BS 8000, Part 9.
4 Screeds to receive strong rigid coverings (e.g. quarry and ceramic tile) are to consist of 1 part
of cement to 4 parts of sand by weight to BS 8000, Part 9.
9.3 INSTALLATION
9.3.1 Workmanship
1 To obtain the required thickness of screed, leveling battens are to be used, carefully fixed to
line and level and fully bedded. There is to be a minimum thickness of screed of 20mm over
the top of any conduit or duct.
2 The screed is to be laid in alternate bays with plain butt joints. The length of a bay is not to
2
exceed 1.5 times the width. The maximum plan area of a bay shall not exceed 15 m .
Movement and construction joints in the base are to be carried through the screed.
3 Immediately prior to laying the screed a thick brush coat of wet cement grout is to be applied
to the damp surface of the base concrete and be well scrubbed in. The brush coat must not
be applied more than 10 minutes before it is covered with screed.
4 The mix is only to contain sufficient water that will allow full compaction and shall be evenly
spread to a thickness approximately 10mm greater than that required. The screed should
then be thoroughly compacted by tamping and drawing off to the required level with a screed
board.
5 If a smooth surface is required, the final working up is to be done with a wood float, steel
trowel, power float or other finish as specified elsewhere in the Project Documentation. Care
is to be taken to avoid excessive trowelling which may cause crazing.
6 Screeds to receive thin flexible finishes or screeds which are finished as paving are to be laid
to a tolerance such that localized variations do not exceed 2 mm under a 3 metre
straightedge and 10 mm over large areas, measured from datum.
7 As soon as each bay is completed and has hardened sufficiently to prevent damage to its
surface, it is to be covered with polythene or similar sheets which are to be adequately lapped
and held down. The screed should not be allowed to dry out for a minimum period of 7 days
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and no traffic shall be permitted on the surface during this time.

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END OF PART
Part 10: Joints, Caulking and Sealants
10 JOINTS, CAULKING AND SEALANTS ......................................................... 2

10.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
10.1.1 Scope 2
10.1.2 References 2
10.1.3 System Description 2
10.1.4 Samples 2
10.1.5 Test Panels 3
10.1.6 Certification 3
10.2 MOVEMENT JOINTS IN TILED FLOORS ..................................................... 3
10.2.1 Installation and Workmanship 3
10.2.2 Movement Joint Filler and Sealant 4
10.3 BRASS DIVIDING STRIP .............................................................................. 4
10.3.1 General Requirements 4
10.4 MATERIALS .................................................................................................. 4
10.4.2 Products 4
10.5 WORKMANSHIP ........................................................................................... 5
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10.5.1 Execution 5
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10 JOINTS, CAULKING AND SEALANTS
10.1 GENERAL
10.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for joints, caulking and sealants.
2 Related Parts and Sections are as follows

This Section
Part 5 Tiles
Part 6 Terrazzo
Section 1 General
Section 5 Concrete
Section 17 Metalwork
10.1.2 References
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BS 5212 ......................Cold applied sealant systems for concrete pavements
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BS 5390 ......................Code of practice for stone masonry

BS 8203 ......................Code of practice for installation of sheet and tile flooring
BS 8204 ......................In-situ flooring
10.1.3 System Description
1 The Contractor is to include for all pointing, sealing, jointing caulking etc., in all locations
indicated on the drawings and where elsewhere required for waterproofing, movement,
sealing, etc. All materials shall be of a proprietary manufacture whose instructions shall be
followed at all times and shall be to the approval of the Engineer.
2 All materials shall be compatible with the other materials they shall come into contact with
and shall be specifically manufactured for the location in which they have to be used.
10.1.4 Samples
1 The Contractor shall submit two cartridges or representative samples of all sealants and
backup materials.
2 The samples shall include the following information:
(a) supplier
(b) name of material
(c) specification
(d) colour
(e) date of manufacture
(f) life expectance and shelf life.
3 The Contractor shall submit two (2) copies of manufacturers specifications,

recommendations and installation instructions for each type of sealant and associated
miscellaneous backup material required.
4 These shall include manufacturers published data or letter of certification, or certified test
laboratory reports, indicating that each material is intended generally for the applications
shown.
10.1.5 Test Panels
1 Before sealant installation work commences, test panels of each type and application of
sealant shall be installed in strict conformity with the manufacturers requirements in finished
work. If necessary, this work shall be supervised by a representative of the sealant supplier.
2 The Engineer shall be informed of the location of such test panels, and may change their
location if he deems necessary.
3 Test panels designated to be incorporated in the Works shall not be considered acceptable
until the Engineer provides written approval. As-built drawing with the locations of each test
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panel shall be submitted to the Engineer.

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4 Each test panel of a type and application of sealant shall be no less than 7.5 linear metres.
The test panels shall be used for determining faults should any joint failure occur at a later
stage.
10.1.6 Certification
1 The manufacturer of the sealant shall certify:
(a) that the sealants and accessory materials to be used are compatible with each other,
chemically and in adhesion
(b) that the materials are fit for the purpose and conditions of use
(c) that the sealant, primer where required, and backer rod are compatible and will cause
no staining of material in which they are installed.
10.2 MOVEMENT JOINTS IN TILED FLOORS
10.2.1 Installation and Workmanship
1 Unless otherwise indicated in the Project Documentation, a 10 mm movement joint is to be

formed at the perimeter of all tiled floors and where the tiling meets structural features such
as columns, machine bases etc.
2 In clay floor tiling additional intermediate movement joints are to be provided where the
flooring exceeds 6 m in any direction. In other tiled floor finishes additional intermediate
movement joints are to be provided where the flooring exceeds 12 m in any direction.
3 Where a structural movement joint is provided in the base, a movement joint of the same
width in the bedded finish is to be positioned immediately above.
4 The movement joint cavities are to extend through the combined thickness of the finish and
the bedding mortar or compound and be completely filled and sealed after grouting of the
normal joints takes place.
5 The requirements of this Part shall be implemented with additional compliance to BS 5212:
Part 2, BS 5390, BS 8203, and BS 8204 as applicable for the flooring system used.
6 Changes in colour or type of finish in doorways where movement joints occur are to be
situated under the centreline of the door leaf.
10.2.2 Movement Joint Filler and Sealant
1 Movement joint filler is to be approved impregnated fibreboard or cellular polyethylene which

is compatible with the sealant being used and which does not excrete bituminous or oily
products.
2 Sealants are to comply with the requirements recommended by the manufacturer for the
situation in which they will be used.
3 Butyl mastics and other forms of soft sticky mastics are not to be used.
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10.3 BRASS DIVIDING STRIP

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1 Where used for tile edging, brass dividing strips shall be flush with tile surface and shall
comply with the relevant provisions of Section 17.
10.4 MATERIALS
1 Materials shall be installed in strict accordance with manufacturers instructions. Where

necessary, the manufacturer shall provide training and/or site supervision.
10.4.2 Products
1 Before purchase of each sealant the Contractor shall investigate its compatibility with the joint
surfaces, joint fillers and other materials.
2 Three part sealants shall be an epoxidised polyurethane mixed in strict accordance with
manufacturers instructions. Activated (mixed) sealant not used on the job shall be discarded
after a period of hours as instructed by the manufacturer, but in no case shall activated
sealant be held overnight.
3 Two part sealants shall be a 100 % urethane abrasion-resistant products. They must be
installed with a primmer under the optimum surface conditions as indicated in the
manufacturers printed data.
4 Interior sealants shall be one-part, non-sag in areas of constant water or moisture contact,
where no painting will take place. In places where painting or other dry wall finishing
conditions prevail, the interior sealant shall be a one-part latex acrylic with a fungicide to
reduce mildew, solvent-based acrylic 100% terpolymer, or silicon.
5 Joint cleaner shall be a cleaning compound recommended by the sealant manufacturer, for
the joint surfaces to be cleaned.
6 Joint primer/sealer shall be as recommended by the sealant manufacturer, for the joint
surfaces to be primed or sealed.
7 Bond breaker self-adhesive tape shall be polyethylene tape or other plastic tape as
recommended by the sealant manufacturer. It shall be applied to sealant-contact surfaces
where bond to the substrata or joint filler must be avoided for the proper performance of the
sealant.
8 Sealant backer rod shall be compressible rod stock, non-grassing, closed cell urethane foam,
polyethylene foam or neoprene foam or other flexible, permanent, durable, non-absorptive
material as recommended for compatibility with sealant by the sealant manufacturer.
10.5 WORKMANSHIP
10.5.1 Execution
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1 Sealants shall be installed by a firm with a minimum of 5 years successful experience in the
application of the types of materials required.
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2 Joint surfaces shall be cleaned immediately before installation of sealant. Dirt, insecure
coatings, moisture and other substances, which would interfere with the bond of sealant or
caulking compound, shall be removed.
3 Sealants shall not be placed on joint surfaces that have been painted, lacquered,
waterproofed or treated with water repellent or other treatment or coating unless a laboratory
test for durability (adhesion) has successfully demonstrated that the sealant bond is not
impaired by the coating or treatment. If a laboratory test has not been performed or shows
bond interference, the coating or treatment shall be removed from joint surface before
installing the sealant.
4 Joint surfaces on vitreous coated and similar non-porous materials shall be roughened
wherever sealant manufacturers data indicates lower bond strength or porous surfaces.
5 Joint surfaces shall be primed and sealed wherever shown or recommended by the sealant
manufacturer.
6 Sealant backer rod shall be installed behind sealants unless otherwise indicated in the
Project Documentation or recommended by the sealant manufacturer.
7 Bond breaker tape shall be installed wherever recommended by the manufacturer to ensure
that sealants will perform properly.
8 The sealant shall be installed to the depths as detailed in the Contract Documentation or as
recommended by the sealant manufacturer but within the following general limitations.
Measured at the centre (thin) section of the joint.
(a) for sidewalks, pavements and similar joints subject to traffic and other abrasion and
indentation, joints shall be filled to a depth equal to 75% of joint width, but not more
than 16 mm deep and not less than 10 mm deep.
(b) for normal movement joints not subject to traffic, joints shall be filled to a depth equal
to 50% of joint width, but not more than 12 mm deep and not less than 9 mm deep
(c) where joints are wider than 25 mm, the recommendations of the sealant manufacturer
shall be followed
9 Sealants, primers and sealers shall not be allowed to overflow or spill onto adjoining surfaces
or to penetrate into the voids of adjoining surfaces. Masking tape or other precautionary
devices shall be used to prevent staining of adjoining surfaces.
10 Excess and spilled sealants/primers/sealers shall be removed promptly as the work

progresses. All adjoining surfaces shall be cleaned by whatever means may be necessary to
eliminate evidence of spillage, without damage to the adjoining surfaces of finishes.
11 Sealants shall be cured in compliance with the manufacturers instructions and

recommendations, to obtain high early bond strength, internal cohesive strength and surface
durability.
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12 Procedures required for the curing and protecting of sealants during the construction period,
as recommended by the manufacturer, shall be strictly followed.
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13 No surface treatments will be allowed that will affect either appearance or physical
characteristics of the sealing being installed.
END OF PART
Part 11: Recessed Duct Covers
11 RECESSED DUCT COVERS ........................................................................ 2

11.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
11.1.2 Recessed Duct Covers and the Like 2
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Part 11: Recessed Duct Covers
11 RECESSED DUCT COVERS
11.1 GENERAL
1 This Part specifies the requirements for the use of recessed duct covers or removable covers
for other type floor openings.

This Section All Parts
11.1.2 Recessed Duct Covers and the Like
1 Floor finishes are to be fitted into recessed duct covers shall finish flush with the surrounding
floor. Tiled finishes are to be orientated so as to continue the joint pattern of the surrounding
floor unless otherwise stated in the Project Documentation or required by the Engineer.
END OF PART
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Part 12: Carpeting
12 CARPETING .................................................................................................. 2
12.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................ 2
12.1.1 Scope 2
12.1.2 References 2
12.1.3 Submittals 2
12.2 CARPET CUSHION (UNDERLAY) ................................................................ 3
12.2.1 General 3
12.2.2 Materials and Workmanship 3
12.3 SHEET CARPETING (STANDARD ROLL CARPET) .................................... 3
12.3.1 General 3
12.3.2 Products 3
12.3.3 Installation of Carpet 4
12.3.4 Installation of Carpet Using Tackless Fixings 4
12.4 CARPET TILES ............................................................................................. 5
12.4.1 General Description 5
12.4.2 Submittals 5
12.4.3 Installers Qualifications 6
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12.4.4 Carpet Tiles 6

12.4.5 Accessories 6
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12.4.6 Surface Preparation 6

12.4.7 Installation 6
12.4.8 Edge Strip Installation 7
12.4.9 Protection and Cleaning 7
12.5 WALL CARPET ............................................................................................. 7
12.6 OUTDOOR CARPET ..................................................................................... 8
12.7 CARPET ADHESIVES ................................................................................... 8
12.7.1 Installation of Carpet Using Adhesive 8
12.7.2 Tapes and Trims for Carpet 9
Part 12: Carpeting
12 CARPETING
12.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies requirements for carpet and other textile floor coverings and installation
requirements for the same.
2 Carpet and other textile floor coverings are collectively referred to as carpet in this Section.
3 Related Parts and Section are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 11 Recessed Duct covers
Section 1 General
12.1.2 References
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BS 1006 ......................Methods of test for colour fastness of textiles

BS 4223 ......................Determination of constructional details of textile floor coverings with
yarn pile
BS 4682 ......................Method of test for the dimensional stability of textile floor coverings
BS 5229 ......................Code of Practice for the installation of textile floor coverings
BS 8203 ......................Code of Practice for the installation of sheet and tile flooring
BS 5808 ......................Underlays for textile floor coverings
12.1.3 Submittals
1 The Contractor shall submit the following samples with an attached label stating brand name
and ordering reference to the Engineer for approval:
(a) carpet, 300 mm square, of each colour and texture, with cut edges sealed if necessary
(b) metal edge strip, 150 mm long
(c) plastic edge strip, 150 mm long, each colour
(d) carpet edge strip, 150 mm long, each colour.
2 Manufacturers certificates for the following shall be submitted:
(a) stating critical radiant flux rating of carpet

(b) stating approval of adhesive, crack filler and seaming tape
(c) installers qualifications as specified.
Part 12: Carpeting
3 Manufacturers literature and data, including maintenance and cleaning manuals, shall be
submitted to the Engineer.
4 Manufacturers guarantee is to be provided for all carpeting is to be submitted. The guarantee

shall be valid from the date of handover of the Works to a period of three (3) years unless
otherwise stated in the Project Documentation. The guarantee shall cover excessive wear,
edge ravel, backing separation, shrinking, stretching and static electricity. Excess surface
wear means loss of more than 15 % by weight of face fibre.
5 Shop drawings, including installation layout plan showing seams and cuts, shall be submitted
to the Engineer for approval.
6 All carpet and textile products used for flooring shall comply with the relevant provisions of
BS 1006, BS 4223, BS 4682 and BS 8203.
12.2 CARPET CUSHION (UNDERLAY)
12.2.1 General
1 This Clause provides the specification for use of carpet underlay.
12.2.2 Materials and Workmanship
1 Underlays used for textile floor coverings shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS
5808 unless specified otherwise elsewhere in the Project Documentation.
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2 All underlays containing natural fibre are to be mothproofed by the manufacturer.

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3 Underlays of felt or cellular rubber, suitable for medium traffic shall be not less than 6 mm
2
thick and shall weigh not less than 1.40 kg/m . For heavy traffic areas, underlays shall be to
the manufacturers recommendations.
12.3 SHEET CARPETING (STANDARD ROLL CARPET)
12.3.1 General
1 This Clause specifies installation of standard roll carpet.
12.3.2 Products
1 Carpet to be included in the Works will include manufacturers written verification of following
characteristics:
(a) construction type

(b) gauge
(c) finished pile height
(d) pile weight
(e) face yarn
(f) yarn weight
(g) dye method
(h) total weight
(i) static control
Part 12: Carpeting
(j) primary backing

(k) secondary backing
12.3.3 Installation of Carpet
1 Carpet is to be installed in accordance with the requirements of BS 5229 by skilled operatives

so that it is flat and sufficiently taut to ensure that movement of furniture over the surface
does not cause racking to take place.
2 Carpet is not to be laid until:
(a) the building is weathertight

(b) the wet trades have finished their work
(c) all painted work is finished and dry
(d) the air-conditioning system is fully operational if the carpet is to be laid in the hot
months between April and November
(e) socket outlets, duct covers and the like around which the carpet needs to be cut have
been fixed
(f) the substrate is dry and clean.
3 Carpet is to be cut and fitted to all socket outlets and other fixtures and be cut in at all
doorways and recesses. It is not to be pieced in.
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4 Where practicable, room coverings are to start with a full width of carpet on the same side as
the door.
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5 On completion of the installation, all loose nap ends are to be trimmed and the carpet
cleaned with a beater type vacuum cleaner. Upon completion of the cleaning, the carpet shall
be covered with clean dustsheets, hardboard or similar, as necessary to prevent damage
from dust and traffic until handover.
6 Spare carpet suitable for patching is to be handed to the Engineer.
12.3.4 Installation of Carpet Using Tackless Fixings
1 Unless the manufacturer specifically recommends otherwise, all carpet other than foam
backed and fibre bonded carpet, shall be fixed by means of tackless strip (gripper).
2 The underlay is to be installed so that its seems do not shadow through the carpet and do not
coincide with those of the carpet when laid in the same direction. Uneven edges are to be
overlapped and cut through.
3 The seams of rubber and rubber-based underlays are to be joined with approved tape not
less than 50 mm wide.
4 The underlay is to be fixed along its perimeter in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations and be butted up to the edge of the gripper.
5 The underlay is to cover the treads and risers of stairs and be fixed to prevent movement and
wrinkling.
Part 12: Carpeting
6 Seams in carpet are to be joined by approved heat-bonded tape unless alternative forms of
jointing are indicated elsewhere in the Project Documentation. Care is to be taken to ensure
that:
(a) the joints are strong enough to permit the carpet to be stretched and not break down
under use
(b) the pile is laying in the same direction
(c) the pattern matches where a repeating motif occurs
(d) the pile is not caught down into the seam
(e) the seams are straight.
7 The carpet is to be laid with the seams parallel to one main axis of the room.
8 The gripper is to be fixed around the perimeter of the area to be covered, leaving a gap
approximately two thirds of the thickness of the carpet. The carpet should be stretched into
position over the gripper using a knee kicker or power stretcher as appropriate to form a neat
edge.
9 Binder bar are to be used at all free edges of carpet and double binder bar are to be used
where carpets of a different type, colour or pattern meet.
10 Single or double binder bars as appropriate are to be used at all doorways situated under the
centre line of the door leaf. Grippers are not to be fixed across doorways.
TC
11 At stairs, the pile of the carpet is to be inclined towards the bottom of the stair unless
otherwise recommended by the manufacturer and approved by the Engineer. Grippers are to
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be fixed to the bottom of all the risers and to the adjacent horizontal surface of the tread.
12 All carpet is to be re-stretched at least once during the Maintenance Period.
12.4 CARPET TILES
12.4.1 General Description
1 This Clause specifies carpet tiles or modules, edge strips, adhesive, and other items required
for the installation specified.
12.4.2 Submittals
1 In accordance with the relevant provisions of Section 1 the Contractor is to provide:
(a) samples
(i) one carpet module of each type, colour and texture.
(ii) plastic edge strip, 150 mm long, for each type, colour and texture
(b) manufacturers certificates:
(i) stating critical radiant flux rating of the carpet modules.
(ii) approving the proposed method of installation, type of adhesive, crack filler
(c) manufacturers literature and data, including maintenance and cleaning manual
Part 12: Carpeting
(d) shop drawings showing:
(i) dimensions of carpeted areas
(ii) pattern direction and layout

(iii) location of edge strips.
12.4.3 Installers Qualifications
1 The carpet modules are to be installed by operatives regularly engaged in installing carpet
modules and accessories of the type specified.
12.4.4 Carpet Tiles
1 Carpet tiles to be included in the Works will include manufacturers written verification of
following characteristics:

(b) gauge
(d) face yarn
(e) yarn weight
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(f) dye method

(g) total weight
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(h) backing
(i) static control
12.4.5 Accessories
1 Adhesive and crack fillers shall be types recommended by the carpet module manufacturer.
2 Plastic edge strips shall be the custom type, with an integral 40 mm wide base and 6 mm lip.
12.4.6 Surface Preparation
1 Cracks and holes in subfloors shall be filled with crack filler to give a smooth and level
surface.
2 Grease, loose particles, dirt and all other foreign substances shall be removed
3 When placing carpeting over existing waxed floors, the wax is to be removed prior to laying
the carpet.
4 Concrete floors are to have dust thoroughly removed by sweeping and wet mopping. The
concrete is to be sealed as per carpet manufacturers recommendations.
12.4.7 Installation
1 The manufacturers installation instructions shall be followed.
2 Release type adhesives, applied as recommended by the carpet tile manufacturer, shall be
used.
Part 12: Carpeting
3 The carpet tile manufacturers recommendations for matching pattern and texture shall be
followed.
4 Lay carpet tiles uniformly to provide a tight, smooth finish. The carpet is to be free from
movement when subjected to traffic.
5 Install carpet with the pile inclination in one direction.
12.4.8 Edge Strip Installation
1 Edge strips shall be installed over exposed tile edges adjacent to uncarpeted finish flooring.
2 Edge strips shall be anchored to floors with suitable fasteners or adhesive. If adhesive is
used, the following installation sequence shall be followed:
(a) apply adhesive to the edge strips

(b) insert tile into the lip of the edge strip
(c) press down lip over carpet.
12.4.9 Protection and Cleaning
1 On completion of the installation, the carpet shall be cleaned with a beater type vacuum
cleaner.
2 Remove spots and smears of adhesive from the carpet surface with approved cleaning
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agents.
3 Upon completion of the cleaning, the carpet shall be covered with clean dustsheets,
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hardboard or similar, as necessary to prevent damage from dust and traffic until handover.
12.5 WALL CARPET
1 This Part specifies the requirements for wall carpeting.
2 Carpet to be included in the Works will include manufacturers written verification of following
characteristics:

(b) gauge
(d) face yarn
(e) yarn weight
(f) dye method
(g) total weight
(h) backing
(i) static control
Part 12: Carpeting
12.5.2 Installation
1 Carpet is to be installed by skilled operations so that it is flush to the wall and sufficiently taut
to ensure no bubbles or loose areas are to occur.
2 Carpet installation will be in accordance with the relevant provisions of Clause 12.3.3 or
12.3.4.
3 The Contractor is to use methods of fixing as necessary in order to ensure achieving the
requirements above. This may include the use of adhesive, tackless strips or tacks. The
Contractor is to obtain the Engineers approval of the method to be used prior to installation.
12.6 OUTDOOR CARPET
1 Textile floor coverings for outdoor use specifically manufactured for outdoor use. The
manufacturer shall submit a certificate stating that the carpet to be used is suitable for
outdoor use when subjected the climatic conditions normally encountered in Qatar.
2 Synthetic product for outdoor carpeting shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1006
and BS 4682.
12.6.2 Installation
TC
1 Installation of outdoor carpeting shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of BS

5229 and the manufacturers requirements.
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12.7 CARPET ADHESIVES
12.7.1 Installation of Carpet Using Adhesive
1 Adhesives used for fixing carpet are to be waterproof, peel-up type recommended for the
purpose by the carpet manufacturer.
2 Fibre bonded, high density foam backed carpet and carpet where the manufacturer
specifically so recommends shall be fully bonded to the floor using a peel-up adhesive
applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Low density foam backed carpet
2
(less than 1.2 kg/m backing weight) should not be fixed with adhesive.
3 Joints in the carpet are to be bonded with adhesive recommended by the manufacturer of the
carpet are to be parallel to one main axis of the room. Where applicable care is to be taken
to ensure that:
(a) the pile is laying in the same direction.

(b) the pattern matches where a repeating motif occurs.
(c) the pile is not caught down into the joint.
(d) the joints are straight.
4 Adhesive marks are to be removed from the carpet and other exposed surfaces as the work
proceeds.
5 Edge trim or dividing strip is to be used at free edges and where carpets of different type,
colour or pattern meet. The trim or strip is to be situated under the centreline of the door leaf
at all doorways.
Part 12: Carpeting
6 At stairs the pile of the carpet is to be towards the bottom. The carpet is to be folded under
any exposed edges and fixed to each tread and riser as one continuous piece unless a
nosing is provided.
12.7.2 Tapes and Trims for Carpet
1 Adhesive tapes for seams are to be approved heat bonded type, minimum 75 mm wide, and
as recommended by the manufacturer of the carpet.
2 Fixing bars and carpet grippers used with self adhesive surface strip or for application of
adhesive, are to be of the type recommended by the manufacturer of the carpet and are to
have an anodised aluminium finish to exposed surfaces where applicable.
END OF PART
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Part 13: Other Floor Coverings
13 OTHER FLOOR COVERINGS ...................................................................... 2

13.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2
13.1.1 Scope 2
13.1.2 References 2
13.2 FLEXIBLE FLOORING .................................................................................. 2
13.2.1 Flexible Sheet and Tile Flooring 2
13.2.2 Laying Flexible Sheet and Tile Flooring 2
13.3 BITUMEN COATING SOLUTION .................................................................. 3
13.3.1 General 3
TC
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13 OTHER FLOOR COVERINGS
13.1 GENERAL
13.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for floor coverings not dealt with elsewhere.

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 12 Carpeting
Section 5 Concrete
13.1.2 References
1 The following Standards are referred to in this Section:

BS 2592 ......................Thermoplastic flooring tiles
TC
BS 3260 ......................Semi-flexible PVC floor tiles

BS 3261 ......................Unbacked flexible PVC flooring
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BS 3416 ...................... Bitumen-based coatings for cold application, suitable for use in
contact with potable water
BS 8203 ......................Code of Practice for installation of sheet and tile flooring
13.2 FLEXIBLE FLOORING
13.2.1 Flexible Sheet and Tile Flooring
1 Unbacked PVC sheet flooring and homogeneous flooring to comply with BS 3261, Part 1,
Type A.
2 Thermoplastic floor tiles shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 2592.
3 PVC (Vinyl) asbestos floor tiles to comply with the relevant provisions of BS 3260.
4 Adhesives used for fixing PVC, thermoplastic or similar material in sheet or tile form are to be
as recommended for the purpose by the manufacturer.
5 Cork tiles shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 8203.
13.2.2 Laying Flexible Sheet and Tile Flooring
1 Laying of flexible sheet or tile flooring shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant
provisions of BS 8203 and BS 8000, Part 11.
2 Floor screed is to be laid in accordance with Part 9 except that the requirement for laying in
bays will not apply.
3 The subfloor is to be smooth, hard, clean and dry before laying commences. All minor
irregularities, cracks and hollows are to receive a skim coat of proprietary levelling compound
as necessary to give a fine, true surface suitable to receive the flooring.
4 The Engineer may require all of the subfloor to be treated with levelling compound if, in his
opinion, the quality of the surface is unsuitable.
5 The flooring is to be laid with an adhesive that will be spread evenly over the subfloor with a
trowel recommended by the adhesive manufacturer. Trowel ridges and high spots on the
subfloor will not be accepted.
6 Flexible PVC flooring, and other materials where the manufacturer so recommends, is to be
2
thoroughly rolled in two directions with a 70 kg/m weight applied floor roller.
7 Tiles are to be laid with tight joints and with sides parallel to the room axis.
8 Joints in sheet flooring are to be seam welded.
13.3 BITUMEN COATING SOLUTION
13.3.1 General
TC
1 Bitumen coating solution shall comply with BS 3416, Type 1.

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END OF PART
Part 14: Ceilings
14 CEILINGS ...................................................................................................... 2
14.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 2
14.1.1 Scope 2
14.1.2 References 2
14.1.4 Submittals 3
14.2 LAY-IN TYPE SUSPENDED CEILINGS ........................................................ 3
14.2.1 General 3
14.3 FIXED TYPE SUSPENDED CEILINGS ......................................................... 4
14.3.2 Materials 4
TC
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Part 14: Ceilings
14 CEILINGS
14.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
14.1.1 Scope
1 This Part specifies the requirements for suspended ceiling systems of lay-in type and fixed
type construction.

This Section
Part 1 General
Part 3 Dry lining (Wallboard)
Part 10 Joints, Caulking and Sealants
Section 17 Metal Work

Section 18 Carpentry
14.1.2 References
TC

BS 476 ........................Fire tests and building materials and structures
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BS 1191 ......................Gypsum building plasters

BS 1230 ......................Gypsum plasterboard
BS 5492 ......................Code of practice for internal plastering
BS 8212 ......................Code of practice for dry lining and partitioning using gypsum
plasterboard
BS 8290 ......................Suspended ceilings
1 The suspended ceilings shall not be installed until:
(a) the building is weathertight

(b) the wet trades have finished their work
(c) all work above the ceilings such as ductwork, pipework and electrical work has been
installed, tested, inspected and approved
(d) the positions of light fittings, diffusers and the like have been checked
(e) the position of access panels have been confirmed with the Engineer.
2 The ceiling shall be installed to within 3 mm of required level. When measured against a
straight edge over a distance of 3 m, the gap between the straight edge and the ceiling shall
not exceed 3 mm.
Part 14: Ceilings
3 The manufacturers recommendations for the use and installation of products covered in this
Part shall be strictly adhered to unless otherwise agreed with the Engineer.
4 Existing conditions shall be inspected before commencing installation of suspended ceilings

to ensure the following:
(a) that services all have been installed

(b) that fastenings and supports installed by others are in place
(c) that installation of others will not touch the back of ceiling system.
The Contractor shall verify to the Engineer in writing that such inspections has been
performed and that work is ready to commence.
14.1.4 Submittals
1 The Contractor is to submit shop drawings showing general layout, support framing, and
installation details including lay-in, hanger and support details.
2 Samples of support framing, lay-in, lay-in hangers and hanger insert are to be submitted for
approval.
3 Suspended ceilings shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 8212 and BS 8290.
TC
14.2 LAY-IN TYPE SUSPENDED CEILINGS
14.2.1 General
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1 The lay-in material shall be tile, plank or strip membrane, as detailed in the Project
Documentation.
2 The lay-in material shall have a fire performance when tested in accordance with BS 476
which satisfies the requirements of:
(a) class 0 - BS 476, Part 6.

(b) class 1 - BS 476, Part 7.
3 The Contractor shall produce certificates that certify that the requirements of Clause 14.2.1-2
are met.
4 The suspension system and shall be constructed from hot dipped galvanized steel sections
and galvanized wire or similar non-corrodable materials and fixings.
14.2.2 Installation
1 The tiles shall be set out so that:
(a) the soffits are level, free from undulations and lipping, with all lines and joints straight
and parallel to walls unless shown otherwise in the Project Documentation
(b) they are symmetrical about the centre lines of the roof, or space, beginning with a tile
or joint line as required to avoid narrow tiles at the perimeter edges.
Part 14: Ceilings
2 At junctions between the ceiling and walls, and between the ceiling and columns, the ceiling
shall be finished with perimeter edge trim. The trim shall be fixed at maximum 450 mm
centres.
3 Additional hanging supports shall be provided between the floor or roof structure above and
the suspended ceiling at all access panels, light fittings, diffusers, etc. The lay-in material
shall be accurately cut to accommodate all such fittings. Under no circumstance shall any
fitting be supported by the lay-in material.
4 Care shall be taken to ensure that the tiles, planks and strip membrane are kept clean if
subsequently removed for access to services, for inspection or for remedial work.
14.3 FIXED TYPE SUSPENDED CEILINGS
1 Gypsum board will be used for fixed type suspended ceilings unless otherwise indicated in
the Project Documentation.
2 Installation of gypsum board for suspended ceilings and associated plaster or rending work
shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1191 and BS 5492.
14.3.2 Materials
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1 Gypsum wall board shall be either 9.5 or 12.7 mm thick gypsum plasterboard complying with
BS 1230, having one face finished for direct decoration.
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2 Thermal wall board shall comply with Table 3.1 of Part 3 of this Section and shall consist of
an insulation core having a thermal conductivity of not less than 0.037 W/m C bonded on
one side to gypsum wall board and on the reverse side with a water-vapour resistant
membrane.
3 The edge profiles of wall board shall be:
(a) tapered for smooth seamless jointing.

(b) bevelled for V-jointing.
(c) square for stippled textured coatings, cornerstrip jointing or plaster.
4 Accessories for installing wallboard shall be approved proprietary materials recommended by

the manufacturer of the wallboard or ceiling system, inclusive of the following:
(a) soffit assemblies, where indicated on drawings shall consist of galvanized steel
channel runners and studs faced with gypsum panels, screw attached unless specified
otherwise and approved by the Engineer
(b) hangers, hanger attachments, support carrier members with connectors, and trim
members related to ceiling as is required for complete
(c) fabricated miscellaneous clips, splices, connectors, screws, and other standard metal
accessories of strength and design compatible with the suspension methods and
system.
Part 14: Ceilings
14.3.3 Installation
1 The Contractor shall ensure that adequate preparation is made for attachment of hangers
and fasteners and provide for support and incorporation of flush-mounted and recessed
fittings and service components.
2 The ceiling system shall be installed in accordance with manufacturers recommendations

and to BS 8290 Part 3.
END OF PART
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Section 24 Finishes To Building

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Section 24 Finishes To Building

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QCS 2014 Section 24: Finishes to Building Page 1

Part 01: General

2 Related Sections are as follows:

1 The following standards are approved and/ or referred to in this Section:

BS 476........................Fire tests on building materials and structures

BS 882........................Aggregates from natural sources for concrete

BS EN 459-1 .............Building lime: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria

BS EN 520 ................Gypsum plasterboards. Definitions, requirements and test methods

conformity and marking

EN 197-1 ....................Portland cement

GSO EN 413-1 ...........Masonry cement: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria

GSO EN 14195 .........Metal framing components for gypsum plasterboard systems -

GSO ISO 105 ............... Textiles. Tests for colour fastness

ISO 14544 .................Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) --

1 All work is to be performed by experienced and trained specialists or under supervision by

2 Scaffolding is to be supported independently of the working area and is to provide

3 Scaffolding to be designed and erected in accordance with BS 5975.

1.2 SAMPLE PANELS AND CONTROL SAMPLES

2 If the Engineer so requires, a control samples of a finishing materials shall be prepared in an

2 LATH AND PLASTER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2.4.6 Gypsum Plasters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

2.4.9 Gypsum Plaster Application ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

2.9.1 Preparation of Background to be Rendered ------------------------------------------------------------- 15

2 LATH AND PLASTER

2 Related Parts and Sections are as follows:

1 The following standards are approved and/ or referred to in this Part:

ASTM C150 ................Standard Specification for Portland Cement

BS 405........................Uncoated expanded metal carbon steel sheets for general purposes

BS EN 197-1 ..............Portland cement

BS EN 13279-1 .........Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters Definitions and requirements

PD CEN/TR 15123 .....Design, preparation and application of internal polymer plastering

2.2 NON-LOAD BEARING WALL FRAMING SYSTEMS

2.2.1 General Description

the manufacturer's literature and data on the following:

2.2.5 Steel Studs and Runners

3 Studs 3.5 m or less in length shall be in one piece.

2.2.6 Fasteners, Clips, and Other Metal Accessories

2.2.7 Execution of Work

2 Installing studs shall be carried out as follows:

3 Fastening studs shall be carried out as follows:

2.2.8 Installing Supports Required by Other Trades

2.3 NAILS, SCREWS AND WASHERS

2.3.1 General Requirements

2.4 GYPSUM LATH AND PLASTER

2.4.1 General Requirements

1 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit Shop

2 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit

manufacturers' literature and data of the following:

3 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit

4 In accordance with procedures of Section 1, General, the Contractor is to submit samples of

2.4.4 Project Conditions

1 Comply with ASTM C 842 requirements or gypsum plaster manufacturer's written

2.4.5 Plastering Bases (Lath)

1 Expanded Metal used for plastering shall be to BS 405.

2 Gypsum Lath used for plastering shall be to BS 1369.

2.4.6 Gypsum Plasters

1 Base Coat premix Gypsum Plaster Material

2 Finish Coat Premix Gypsum Plaster Material.

3 Thermal conductivity according to EN 1745 or as required by the engineer.

2.4.8 Fixing Lath Bases

6 Shape lathing to within 19 mm of the finished profiles of irregular surfaces.

2.4.9 Gypsum Plaster Application

1 Gypsum plaster application shall be undertaken in accordance with BS 8000, Part 10 or