Linear Circuit Analysis (ELEN-1100)

Lecture # 17: Operational Amplifier (cont..)

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Contents
Inverting amplifier
Summing amplifier

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Inverting amplifier
We assume that the op-amp is in linear region.
Note that Vp is ground.
Lets find the transfer function.
Applying KCL at Vn
if+is=in
is=Vs/Rs
if=Vo/Rf
Using the constraint that in=0
Vo=-(Rf/Rs)Vs (A)
Equation (A) is inverting amplifier equation
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Inverting amplifier
Vo=-(Rf/Rs)Vs (A)
The above equation has a ve sign and hence it is
called inverting amplifier
The gain is controlled by the ratio of (Rf/Rs).
If Rs=0 then the gain is infinite. However, the output
voltage cannot exceed the power supply voltage.
Assuming equal Vcc+ and Vcc- power supply
voltage,
|Vo|Vcc, |RfVs/Rs|Vcc Rf/Rs|Vcc/Vs|

For example if Vcc=15V Vs=10mV then ratio Rf/Rs must

be less than 1500.
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Inverting amplifier
What if Rf is removed ?
The circuit without Rf is called an open loop
inverting amplifier.
Vo=-AVn
Where A is open loop voltage
gain
Assuming Vcc+=Vcc-=Vcc
|Vn|<Vcc/A for linear operation
Applying the current constraint that in=0
Vn=Vs
|Vn|<Vcc/A . If |Vn|>Vcc/A the output saturates.
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Summing amplifier
The summing amplifier scale the sum of the
voltages applied at the input.
Applying KCL at Vn.
Va/Ra+Vb/Rb+Vc/Rc+Vo/Rf=0
Vo=-(RfVa/Ra+RfVb/Rb+RfVc/Rc)
If Ra=Rb=Rc=Rs
Vo=-Rf/Rs(Va+Vb+Vc)
If Rf=Rs
Vo=-(Va+Vb+Vc)

Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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Cite as: Hadeed Sher, course materials for ELEN-1100 Linear Circuit Analysis, Spring 2017. (http://pveducator.blogspot.com), Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
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