COMP 472/6721 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

April 10th and 14th, 2014

Natural Language Understanding

Question 1: Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD)

Consider the disambiguation of the senses of the word bass. A sample-training corpus for the word bass
with its senses is shown in the table. Each sense is separated with / from the word bass.

Freshwater bass/FISH is a favourite catch among those who love to fish.

The bass/MUSIC guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb.
The Fender American bass/MUSIC introduced by Fender in 1998 and upgraded in 2004 and again in 2010.
There are numerous black bass/FISH species considered as gamefish in North America.
Bass/FISH fishing is a spin on American bass/FISH fishing that continues to innovate and grow in popularity.
In 1936, The American Standard string bass/MUSIC appears.
Florida peacock bass/FISH is best fished from February until May
Today, drum and bass/MUSIC is widely promoted throughout the world using different methods such as video sharing services
Carol Kaye is an American musician, best known as one of the most prolific and widely heard bass/MUSIC guitarists in history.
The largemouth bass/FISH is widely distributed and as such, is not listed as endangered or vulnerable with the World Conservation
Union.
Assume a vocabulary of 101 words.
Number of the sense FISH = 6
Number of the sense MUSIC = 5
Use a Nave Base classifier with the add 0.5 smoothing technique to disambiguate the word bass in the
following sentence:
The American freshwater bass is widely fished for species on the North American continent.
Take a window of three words around the word bass in the sample-training corpus to learn the classifier.
Show the score of each sense in the above sentence.

Question 2: Syntax and Search Space

Assume the following grammar rules and lexicon:

// sentence // prepositional phrase // noun

1) S NP VP 8) PP PREP NP 13) N chocolate
2) S VP // article 14) N fight
// noun phrase 9) ART a // verb
3) NP ART N // noun 15) V hates
4) NP PN 10) N tree 16) V had
5) NP NP PP // proper noun // preposition
// verb phrase 11) PN Jack 17) PREP with
6) VP V NP 12) PN Cecilia 18) PREP on
7) VP V NP PP

A. Draw 2 possible parse trees for the sentence: Jack had a fight with Cecilia
B. Show the sequence of rules that will be applied to parse the sentence Cecilia hates Jack using:
bottom-up, breadth-first parsing
top-down parsing (any type)
Use the rule numbers to indicate the order of application of the rules (e.g. rule 1 first, then rule 2, then rule 3, ...)

C. Give a sentence that the above grammar and lexicon will be able to parse but that is semantically
impossible.