JOURNAL OF RESEARCH of the National Bureau of Standards-B.

Mathematics and Mathematical Physics

Vol. 66B, No. 2, April- June 1962

Graphs for Determining the Power of Student's t-Test

Mary C. Croarkin
(J anu a ry 0, 1(62)
This paper prese nts ch a rts for d eterminin g t h e operating charactc ri stics of Student' s
I-test. For a fi xed level of significanc e <>, t he ch a rts givc co nstant contours of t he pOII'c r
{3 d epicting th e number of observations plotted against a func tion of the difference in means.
Bo th the one-sample an d th e two-sampl e (equal sa mple sizes) cases arc t reated for all CO I11-
bitHlt ions of
a =O.OI , 0.02, 0 .05, 0.10, 0.20 a nd
i3=0. 10, 0.50, 0.00, 0.95, 0. 99 except
(a,{3) =(0.10, 0.10), (0.10, 0.20).

T he graphs \I'cre constr uctcd for t wo-sidcd tcsts but wi th in t h e given acc uracy are
cq uall,v applica bl e to one-sided tests,

1. Introduction i known to follow St ude nl 's i-d is l ribU lion \I'ith

(n - 1) deg rees of frccdom ; howcve r, if III is t ru c, t
Jl is lhe purpose 01' lhi s ]Mper lo provide ('ba rl s follows a nonce nlral t di s tri bu lion wi th (11- 1) deg rce
fo r r ead iIy as(' CI'I n,i n i ng lh e operali ng' clwntclC'l' isl ics or freedom.
or po\\-e[' c urve of Sludenl's I-les t. \Vh ell It s lalis lic- Ill Th e u sual Les l pro cedure is to choose thc le\-el of
tes l proc edure is b e in g selected, oflenLimrs lh e powcr s ig nifiC'an cc a from which a valu e l" Clln be ([eterm in ed
of the les t is noL eXllmin ed beC'flll se of tb e diffic ulti cs s uch th lLt
in compul in g Lh c power CUIYC, 01' ftt bes L lh e powe r Pr {l tl>t"I IJo tru e }=a. (2)
is comp u t ed ftL a s ingle poi n t. The ch art s g iven in
thi s p itper will proviclefo lll' 0[' fiy e (depending on Lh e Th cn lh e pro p er deci io n rule a t t h c a lc'-el of
level of s ignifica nce) point s on th e power curve, s ig nirlC' llnC'e is to
Hnclthesc poinLs togeth er wilh t he l evel of s igJlifi cll,nc e
s bould be s uffic ie nL for a g raph iC'lll approximal ion iLcC'epL n o if III ~ ta
of t be powc r (unct ion , aC'C'cpL JT I ir Itl>t".
Oth('l' labulations of the Jlon ccn Ll'Ill t-dis lribulion
blwe bee ll made b\- '0." e,nnan [:3],l N C,\-mltll an d \ Vhell tb e IllLe rn aLe h ypoLhes is 111 is lruc , i ,e .,
Tokarska [4], R es nikorr [5], R cs nikofl' and Lieh e rman wIl e n J-l T" J-lo, lhen tbe prob ft biliLy or acC'e pli ng 111
[6], Joh nson itncl Welch [2], ~lIlcl D avies (T ables E is t ermcd lh e power oj the test fl.nd is giycn by
a nd E,l ) [1] ,
Th e lltbles g iven in D lwics [1] arc by far the mos L .B= Pr {l tl> t"I Il l trll c }= Pr {accep l JIIIJIIlru e }. (4)
co nyen icnL for cvalualin g th e power of :-lLudcnl 's
t-tcsL in 1'0uLine a pplicatioll s; lhe ('hads prcsc nte d
h e rc arc esse nli all~- a graphi cal cx le nsion or th cse 3. Two-Sample Case
tabl cs, All charts ar c lhe r esult of calcul a tions clon e
nt the NaLionftl Bureau of Stand ards in ('o nn ecL ioH S uppose we a rc gi vc n Lwo mne/om sampks from
with 11 t a ble or lhe J1 Ol I('enlr al F dis tribut ion [7] . normal population s, S ll,\' , XI , . , " '" and Y I, . . . ,
Y n with me ftn s J-l i and J-l2 rcspc cl ivcl,l- a nd unknown
2. O ne-Sample Case vllri ances (J 2, Tben lhc probl cm of les ting tIl e null
hypoLhesis JIo Lh a L J-l i = ji 2 Itgllin st the altel'llate
A ss ume XI, . . " X " is a l'Ilnclom sample of n hypoth esis III Uhtt J-l i T" ji 2 is rcsolyccl b,'- considerin g
obs('I'valiol ls from a normal di stribution with m ean the t-slalis tiC' 3
J-la nd varian cc (J 2 and t h a t w e are interested in ./ii(X- Y)
tes lin g the null h ypothesis H o that J-l = J-lo ftgain s t (5)
t he alternate h~Tpothesi s H I that ji T" jio, If H o is ,\ /s;+s~
true, th en the s tati s tic 2
with 2 (n - 1) degrees of freedom and applying the t es l
procedure indiefLted b y (3). ~
(1)

I Figures in brackets indicate the literature re ferences at the end of this paper.
- " I~--:=---
' x =,x ;/n, s<= h; (x ;- x )'/(n-J) , 3 Y = ~ Y ;/n, Sy= '\ 2:.(Y ;- Y )/(n-l) ,
I 1

59
 4. Use of Charts
T h e power of Stud ent's t-test depends upon thr ee
parameters: tJ., th e difference between means wh ere
tJ. = IIL-M ol for t h e one-sample case, and tJ. = IMl-M21
for th e two-sample case; the number of obse rvations ;
and th e level of significance. The charts given in
this paper depict a stand ardized difference o= tJ./fJ
plotted against n for fixed a and (3. Figures 1- 5 deal
with th e one-sample case; whereas figures 6- 10 deal
with t he two-sample case. It should be noted that
on all graphs dealing with th e two-sample case, n is
Lhe number of observations in each sample.

.Ol FOR TWO- SIDED TEST

0- {
.005 FOR ONE-SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20

IJ)
z
Q
f-
<[
>
0::
W
IJ)
CD
0 10
u.
0
0:: 8
w
CD
~
;:)
z 6

.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

F I Gl: RE 1. Curves of constant poweT ((3) JOT t-test of m ean.

60
 All charls were con Lructecl for a two-sided 01'
symmetrical t-Lest at level of significan ce 0'. How-
ever, within Lhe acc uri1cy of th ese charts, the one-
sided test will b e equivalent Lo t h e two-sided test,
and h ence these Sf1llle graphs can b e used for an
asymmetricf11 t-test wh ere th e f1ppropriate level of
significance will now b e 0'/2 instead of 0'.
5. Applications
Example 1. Suppose that we plan LO Lnke n = 10
observations and cnTry out a two-sided t-tcsL for lh e
population mean at level of significanc e 0' = 0.05 a,ncl
that we are inter ested in th e power cu r-ye of such
a test.

_ { .02 FOR TWO - SIDED TEST

a - .01 FOR ONE-SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20

(f)
z
0
i=
<t
>
0::
W
(f)
tIl 10
0
u.
0
II: 8
w
tIl
::<
::J
z 6

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

FIGURE 2. Curves oj constant power (3) for t -test of mean.

61
 .05 FOR TWO-SIDED TEST
Cl {
.025 FOR ONE - SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20

(/)
z
~
r-
od:
>
0::
W
(/)
m 10
0
LL
0
0::
8
w
m
::;:
:J
z 6

.08 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8

FIGCHE 3. Curves of constant po wer ((3) f or t-/ est of mean.

Locating the horizon tfllline at n = 10 on figure 3, abilit,y ,6 = 0.10, 0.50 , 0.90 , 0.95, and 0.99 . These
we can r ead off th e fiv e values of th e standardized five poin ts , which ar e tabulated below, together with
the level of significan ce a = 0.05 are sufficient to graph
diff er en ce 0= !!l- I'ol whi ch can b e detected with prob- t he power curve of th at par ticular test. .A sketch
(J" of this graph is given in figure 11.
62
 a ={ . IO FOR TWO- SIDED TEST
. 05 FOR ONE -S IDED TES T

80

60

50

40

30

20

(f)
z
2
f-
<t
>
a:
w
(f)
<D 10
0
u..
0
8
a:
w
<D
::;:
=> 6
z
5

.2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

8= I fL o : ' I
FIGl:RE -J. Curves of constant power ({3) Jor t -test of mean.

P ower (/3)
11'~1'1
The entire power curve enables one to find the
0. 10 0.23 corresponding power {3 for any standardizerl differ-
.50
.90
.69
1. 15
ence o. For example, the probability of d etecting a
. 95 1. 30 difference of one standard deviation, 0= 1.0, would
. 99 1. 52
be found from the graph to b e 0.76 .
IJ31053- G2- -2 63
 a= { . 20 FOR TWO - SIDED TEST
. 10 FOR ONE-SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20

(J)
z
0
i=
<t
>
Q:
w
(J)
In 10
0
LL
0
8
Q:
W
In
~
:> 6
z
5

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

FI GU HE 5. Cu rves of cons/ant power ({3) Ja r t -/est of mean .

Example 2. How m an y observa tion s ar e n eces-
sary to d etect a differen ce of at least 20" b etween the
m ean s of two normal population s with a probability
of iJ = 0.95 u eing a two-sided t-test at lev el of sig-
nifican ce a = O.lO?
Usin g figure 9 we see that the 0= 2 line intersects
the 13 = 0.95 curve at approxima t ely 6.2. Ther efore,
seven obser va tions from each popula tion would b e
n ecessar y to detect a differ en ce of 20" b etween th e
popula tion m ean s.

64
 . O l FOR TWO-SI DED TEST
a- {
. 005 FOR ONE - SI DED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20
(f)
z
~
I-
<t
f;
w
(f)
[II
0
u. 10
0
a:
w 8
[II
~
::l
Z
6

I
.3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 30

8:
CT

FIG URE 6. Cu rves of constant power ({3) Jor t-t est oJ di.Oerence between means.

Example 3. It is planned Lo carry ouL a one-sided

i-test for comparing two population mean at level Power (f3 )
of significance a = O.Ol. The problem is to fmd the
power curve when n = 5 observations ar e taken from 0.10 0. 78
each population. . 50 1.77
. 90 2.78
From figUTe 7 we see that the values of the stand- . 95 3. 08
ardized differen ce {j corresponding to /3 = 0.10, 0.50, .99 3.60
0.90,0 .95, 0.99 JOI' n = 5' are: (see fig. 12)
65

_J
 _{.02 FOR TWO-SIDED TEST
a- .01 FOR ONE-SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20
(J)
z
0
~
<t
>
0:
w
(f)
m
0 10
L1.
0
0: 8
w
m
:a
:::>
z 6

I
.2 3 .4 .5 6 8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 B 10 20

f.L I - f.Lz

FIGURE 7. Curves of constant power (fJ) for t -test oj di.{Jerence between means.

66
 . 05 FOR TWO -SIDED TEST
a - {
.025 FOR ONE-SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20

(J)
z
0
i=
<t
>
a::
w
(J)
<D 10
0
lL
0
a:: 8
w
<D
:::.
::J
z 6

:3

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

8 =I CT

FrGU RE 8. CW'ves of constant powel' (f3) for t-test of di.oerence between means.

67
 a= {.IO FOR TWO-SIDED TEST
.05 FOR ONE-SIDED TEST

100

80

60

50

40

30

20

en
z
Q
~
>
a:
w
en
III
0 10
LL
0
a: 8
w
III
:;;
~
z 6

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

FIGURE 9. Curves of constant power ({3) fo r t -test of dijj'el'e n ce between means.

68

L
 a = {.20 FOR TWO-SIDED TEST
10 FOR ONE - SIDED TEST

80

60

50

40

30

20
(I)
z
Q
I-

>
Q:
w
(I)
/XI
0
10
IL.
0
Q: 8
w
/XI
:::!!
::l
Z

.2 .3 4 .5 .6 .8 1.0 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

FIGURE 10. Curves of constant power (f3) fa)' l-test of difference between means.

69
 1.0 0 r--------,-------~------~~
1.00 r - - -- - - - , - -- - -- , - - - - - -, - - - - =

to .80
00 .8 0 w
u
Z
W w
U a:
z w
W "-
a:: "-
w 0
"- .60
"-
0 '"z
(!l
.60
<l >=
<!) u
W
Z f-
f= w
u 0
w "- .4 0
f- 0
W
0 >-
f-
~ . 40 ::J
CD
>-
f- '"a:ro
0
..J
iii "'- .20
<l
m
0
a::
"'- .20

0 ~ _____ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _L __ _ _ _ __L_ _ ~

o 1.0 2.0 3.0

8 = I fL,~ fL21
o .5 1.0 1.5 FIGU RE 12. Power cW've for a one-sided t-test fOT comparing
the means of two populations where n = 5 and a = O.Ol .
8=1 ~~~O I 6. References
FIGU RE 11. Power curve for a two-sided t -test oj the popu- [1] Davies, Owen L., The D esign and Analysis of Industrial
lation mean where n= 10 and a = 0.05. Experiments, Hafner Publ. Co., N ew York, 1954.
[2] J ohnson, N . L. and Welch, B . L. , Applications of the
non-cent r al t-distribution, Biometrika 31, 362- 389
(1940) .
[3] Neyman, J ., Statistical problems in agricultural exp eri-
The author th anks Marvin Zelen for innumerable mentation, Supplement to the J . Roy. Statistical Soc.
2 , 107- 154 (1935).
contributions to this paper. [4] Neyman, J . and Tokarsl;:a, B ., Errors of t he second kind
in testing " Student's" hypo t h esis, J ASA 31 , 318- 326
(1936) .
[5] Resnikoff, G. J., T a bles t o facilitate the computation of
percent age points of the non-central t-dist ribution ,
T ech. R ept. No. 55, Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford,
Calif. , 1961.
[6] Resnikoff, G. J . and Lieberma n, G. J. , T ables of the non-
central t-distribution , T ech . R ept. J o. 32, Stanford
Univ. Press, Stanford , Calif., 1957.
[7] T ables of the non-cent ral F di stribution , to be published
b y t h e National Bureau of Standards as p art of its
(Paper 66B2- 74) Applied Math em atics Series.

70
 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH of the National Bureau of Standards-B. Mathematics and Mathematical Physics
Vol. 66B, No.2, April- June 1962
Publications of the National Bureau of Standards
Selected Abstracts
System s of electrical uni ts, F . B. Silsbee, J. R esearch NBS
66C (Engr. and InstT.) No.2 (A pr.-hme 1962) 75 cents .
The various systems of measurement, with t he ir r espective
sets of units, used in t he literature on electricity a nd m ag-
netis m are described in detail. Their histor ical development
is s umm a rized. Th e m a n ncr in which each is d eri ved from
e it her of t he two alternative poin ts of view of t he ex perimen-
talist a nd the t lleoretieian is compared and contrasted .
The desira bility of r ecog ni zing bot h points of v iew in inter-
national standardi zation, particularly when di scussing ra-
t ionalization, is poi nted o ut. Th e present status of t he abso-
lu te measuremen ts o n which all elect ri cal uni ts are based is
rep or ted, and tables are includ ed for t he conve rsion of equa-
tions and num erical valu es fr om one system to anoth er.
S ome probl ems co nn ected with Rayle igh distributions, M . M .
Siddiqui , J. Research NBS 66D ( Radio P rop. ) No.2 (M ar.-
Apr. 1962) 70 cents.
This is an exposi t ory paper p re enting the followin g: (J ) t he
origin, and (2) t he properties of t he Rayleig h di stribution ;
(3) t he most e ffi cient estimators of its pa rameters; (4) a test
of t he h ypothesis t hat a set of observations is fr om a Rayleigh
dist ribu t ion; (5) t he dist ribution of t he ratio of two inde-
penden t R ayleigh variates; an d (6) t he R ayleigh process
d eri ved from a normal process.
Impedance of a monopole ante nna with a rad ial-wir e ground
system on an imperfectly conducting half s pace, P a r t 1.,
S. W . Maley a nd R . J . K i ng, J. R eseal'ch NBS 66D (R adio
P rop.) No.2 (Mar.- Apr. 1962) 70 cents.
The effectiveness of a radial wire ground system as an ap-
proximation to a rad ial conducting di 'k gro und syste m fo r a
vcrtical lno nopolc a ntenna ove r an imperfectly conducting
g round is investigated expe rimentall y by means of impedance
meas ureme nts. The res ul ts we re co mpared wiLh t heo retical
work by J . R. Wait. The com parison shows Lhat \Vait's
formula for the e ffective surface impeda nce of a rad ial wire
ground system gives res ul ts which ag ree well with t ile meas-
urements.
Theory of the infinite cylindrical an te nn a includin g the feed-
point singularit y in ante nna current, R . H . Duncan, J.
Reseal'ch NBS 66D (Radio P ro p .) No. 2 (A pl.- M ar. 1962)
70 cents.
The us ual ideali zed model for a cylindrical a ntenna consists
of an extremely t h in walled t ube of infin ite co ndu ctivity with
a n infinitesimall y narrow circumferen tial gap . Phys icall y,
one expects the antenna curre nt at t he feedpoin t of s uch a
model t o be infini te. However, t he singulari ty in feedpoin t
current is no t d etected by either ite rative or Fourier se ries
solutions of t he in tegral equation for antenna current. These
solutions a re continuous on zh, whe re h is t he half-length of
t he antenn a. They a re a lso in good agree me nt with each
othe r an d wi th experime nta l data. From a formal poin t of
v ie w t his am oun ts to sayin g t hat the conventio nal solutions
of the in tegral equation are solution s on most, bu t not all ,
of the range zh. Inside a s mall region , zz,' t he co rrect solu-
t ion to t he in tegra l equation is pec uliar t o t he ideali zed
ge nerator. Low order i te rative and Fourier series solutions
ignore these pec ulia ri ties and produce a smoo th curren t dis-
t ribu t ion which can be used in predicting the behavior of
practical stru ctures. This paper is concern ed with a detailed
st ud y of t he t heoretical current near t he feedpoint of the
ideali r,ed model and t he development of a defini tion of z .
71
The electric field a t th e ground plane n ear a di sk-load ed
monopol e, J. H ansen and R . Larsen, J . R esearch NBS 66D
(Radw P IOp .) No.2 (Mar.-Apr. 1962) 70 cents.
In calculatlpg ground losses for a ntenn as with a ground wire
syste m It IS necessary to know the ver tical electri c fi eld
st re ngth and t he ta ngent ial mag netic field stre ngth at t he
s urfa ce of the ground.
In t his p aper t he vertical electric fi eld st rength at the groun d
pla ne near t he .bas.e of a n elect ri cally shor t vertical a ntenna
WIt h a t op loadi ng In t he shape of a circula r di sk is calculated .
N umen cal co mpu tations a re carried out to so me extent.
Propagation of plan e electromagnetic wav es past a shor eline
J . Bazer a nd S. N. Karp, J . R esearch NBS 66D (Radio Prop .)
N o.3 (May-June 1962) 70 cents.
The p roblems of the d iffr actio n of homogcneous plane waves
a nd g rou nd waves by a lliwar shorelin e in a pla na r land-sea
~ u r .face a re d lscL:ssed. The d irection of propagation of these
1I1 c ld e n~ waves IS assumed perpendicular, a nd t hat of the ir
mag netIC vC'eLo rs pa raliel, to t he s horeline. At the ai r-la nd
~n te r facC' , t hc cus Lomary. imped a nce boundary con di t ion is
Imposed \~hll e t he sea IS t reated as a pOl'fect co ndu ctor '
aL mosphen c a nd ~onospheric efIecLs a re ignored. Exact in~
tegral represe n Latlo ns ofLh e solutions a re prese nted. In the
case of homogeneo us plane-wave excitation ori gi nating over
t he sea~ t he In teg ral re prese ntatIOns ar c employed to obtain
express ions for t he geomet ri cal opLics fi eld and for t he far-
~ c l d form of t he r e ll:, a ~l~in g scat tered fi eld , t ra nsition region s
Included. The pOSSibIlIty of coastal re[racL io n is di sc ussed .
C u~r e n ts indu ced on the s urface of a co ndu ctin g circular
cy lll1d ~ r by a s lo t, G. H asscrji a n a nd A, Is hima ru, J . R esearch
!!,RS 66D ( (ladlO Prop. ) No.3 (May- J une 1962) 70 cents.
Ih ls pa per I S a parLlal st ud y of currents in du ced on circular,
cond ucting cyll11d ers by narrow rad iat ing sloLs. F irst a b ri ef
a n~ gene r:"l formulatio n of t he r adi aLio n field s of ~loLs on
cy llll ~l e r s IS mad e. Then, the problem of a n infini te ax ial
s lot ~ s exam ined tho ro ughl y for a ll cylinder sizes . An ex-
pa nsion fo!' t he fields,. ve ry close to the slot, o n large ra diu s
cy lind e ~'s, IS a lso obtallled . Sample com pu tatio ns are made
for van ous rangC's of cylinder radiu s, a nd Lh e orde r of Lh~
e rrors IS d isc ussed.
~rh e problem of a ci rcumfere nt ial slot, of co nstant excitation,
IS a lso co r:sld ercd . An asym ptot ic ex pans ion obtain ed for
t h ~s ca~e Yields t he s urface current d ist ribu tion for valu es of
aXIal d istances t hat a re s maller t ha n t he square of t he cir-
cumfere nce of t he cylinder .
Since .one of t he objectives of this st udy is to determi ne mutual
co u pling betwee n two slots on a cylinder, t he last sec tion
prese nts a formulatio n of th e eq ui valent netwo rk in terms of
the surface a nd fe ed line curre nts.
P e ri.o~licity
m?dulo m and diversibility properti es of th e
partItIOn functIOn, M . Newman, T rans . Am. M ath. Soc. 97
No.2, 225- 236 (Nov. 1960). '
It is proved t hat modulo 2, 5, 13 t he unrestricted parti tio n
~un ctlOn p (n) fills all r esidue classes infini tely ofte n, a nd sim-
Ila r theorems for r elat ed func tions a re p r oved.
Applications of statistics in Post Office automation , B . M .
Levlll and N . C. Severo, Am. Statistician 15 No . 4 14-18
(Oct. 1961). ' ,
The Nationa;l Burea.Ll of Standards is involved in desig nin g
and . dev elopll~g eq Ulpm ents a nd sy stems for t he impro ved
sortl.ng of mall. As p art of .this p roject num ero us tatistical
studIes-mostly of a amplll1g type- have b ee n co ndu cted.
These studies were designed to obtain resear ch a nd develop-
ment information which is not collected by the Post Office as
part of its routin e data collecting activities. The d ata from
these st udies have prove d useful as a basis for making ad-
ministrati ve decisions, for d eveloping efficient mechanized
s chemes of sorting mail, and for costi ng these schemes.
Thi s paper presents a t humbnail sketch of the Post Office
mechanization problem, a description of the statistical prob-
le ms enco untered with some results of corresponding studi es,
and some of the uses to which the data have been put. ~ ell
W hat is the best value? W. J . Youden, J . lVash. Acad. Sci.
51, No.6, 95- 97 (Oct. 1961 ).
Investigat ors meas urin g phys ical constants frequently try
vari ous combinations of apparatus components and vary
the operat ing conditions. Ideally none of these changes
should a ffect the outcome. In fact very small effects are
us ually associated with many s uch alterations in the measure-
ment procedure. A simple average of the various meas ure-
m ents m ay give undu e weight t o one or another of the
s ubstitutions wh en no basis exists for favoring one over the
other. This note indicates how a planned program of
changes avoids unequal weighing and increases the effi ciency
of detecting s mall effects.
Lower b ound s for eigenvalues of Schr od inger's equati on ,
N. 'vV. Bazley and D . W . ]<'ox, Ph ys . R ev . 124, No .2, 483-492
(Oct. 1961 ).
This paper gives new res ults that are useful in estimation of
eigenval ues of Schriidinger's eq uation. Numerical applica-
t ions are made for the helium atom, an anharmonic oscillator ,
and a radi al Schriidinger equation.
No n- a d dit ivity i n two -way analysis of varia nce, J. Mandel,
J. Am. Stat . Assoc. 56, 878-888 ( Dec. 1961 ).
In two-way classification analysis of variance situations
there often exists a systematic typ e of row column interaction.
A lIlodel is proposed in which t he interaction is of the type
Qi'Yi where Qi is a parameter of the ith row, not necessarily
associated "with the maill effect for rows, and 'Y; is the main
effect for column j. The analysis of data according to this
model is given, including estimation and tests of significance.
The model is more gener al than that involved in Tukey's
" one degree of fr eedom for nOll-additivi ty. " The r elatio nship
between the two methods is discussed. The appl ication of
t he m ethod to different types of problems is also discussed.
Advances in ortho nor mali zing computation , P . J . David and
P. Rabinowitz, Advances in Cornputers II, 55-133 (1961) .
This paper contains : (1) a survey of least square approxima-
tion t echniques in numerLcal analysis, (2) some r ecent numeri-
cal results on the solution of boundary value problems via the
method of orthogonalized particular solutions.
Memory e ffec ts in irreversible ther mo dy na mi cs, R. Zwanzig,
Ph ys. R ev. 1 24, No.4, 983- 992 (Nov. 15, 1961).
A new generalization of Onsager 's theory of irreversi ble
processes is prese nted . The main purpose is to allow for
m emor y effec ts or causal time behavior, so that the response
to a t h ermodynamic force comes later than the application
of the forc e. This is accomplished by a statistical mechanical
derivation of an exact non- Markoffian kinetic equation for
the p robabili ty d istribution ill the space of macroscopic state
variables. The memory effect in t he resulting transport
equations is rep resented by a time convolution of the thermo-
dynamic forc es with memory functions. The latter are time-
correlation functions in the rates of change of t he phase func-
t ions corresponding to macroscopic quantities. The resulting
transport equations are not restric ted to sm all deviations
from thermal equilibrium. Onsager 's theory is shown to be
the low-frequency limit of our causal theo ry.
F ormulae for an a cc urate inte rm e diar y orbit of an ar tificial
satellite, J. P. Vinti , A stl'onomical J. 66, No.9, 514- 516
(Nov. 1961).
Fo rmulae are given for computing t he drag-free orbit of an
ar tificial satellite of a n oblate planet mov i ng in t he field of a
certain gravitational potential. This potential, expressed
72
in oblate spheroid al coordinates and leading to separability
of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, fi ts the zeroth and second
zonal harmonics exactly and, in t he case of the ear th, yields
more than half of the fourth zonal harmonic. The solution
gi ves periodic term s throu gh the second order in the oblaten ess
pa rameter and sec ular te rms exac tly, for the given potential.
It th us furnish es an intermediary orbit which should alwavs
remain very accurate. .
A comment on Ryser's "normal a nd integral implies inci-
dence" theorem, K. Goldberg, .il m. M ath. ]J1[ onthly 68, No.8,
770-771 (Oct. 1961) .
One of H . J. R yser's well-known results on matrices satisfying
the incidence equation states that if such a matrix is normal
and integral it is a 0,1 matrix. The purpose of this note is to
show t hat "integr al" can be replaced by "each of its non-zero
elements is at least 1 in absolute value," and t hat the esse nce
of the condit ion is t hus size and not algebraic type.
Other NBS Publica tions
Journal of Research 66A (Phys. and Chern .) No.2 (Mar.-
Apr. 1962) 70 cents
Correction factors for the calibration of encapsulated radium
sources. R. M. Lee and T . P. Loftus.
D escription and analysis of the second spectrum of tantalum,
Ta II. C. C. Kiess.
Vibration-rotation bands of carbonyl sulfide. A. G. Maki .
E. Ie. Plyler, and E . D. Tidwell. .
Ionization in t he plasma of a cOPl)er arc. C. H. Corliss.
The vapor pressure of palladium. R. F. H ampson and R. F.
Walker.
R evised standard valnes for pH measurements from 0 to 95
C. R. G. Bates.
Conductometric determination of sulfhydryl groups in swollen
polycaprolactam fibers having disulfide and a lkvlene sulfide
crosslinks. S. D. Bruck a nd S. M . Bailey.
Chromatographic analysis of petroleum fraction s used in oil-
extended rubber. D . J. Termini and A. R. Glasgow.
Cross-sectional correction for computing Young's modulu s
from longit udin al resonance vibrations of square and cylin-
drical rods. W . E. Tefft and S. Spinner.
Jo urnal of Research 66C (En gr. a nd I nstr .) No.2 (Apr.-
Jun e 1962) 75 cents.
Effect of vibration and shock on unsaturated standard cells.
R. J. Brodd and W. G. Eicke, Jr.
Experiments on the burning of cross piles of wood. D . Gross.
Transfer of N BS X-ray beam calibrations. J . S. Pruitt,
A. Allisy, G. Joyet, W . Poh ilit, :Vr. Tubiana, and C.
Zupancic.
Identification of m etallurgical reactions and t heir effect on
the mechanical properties of 17- 7 PH stainless steel. H. C.
Burnett, R . H . Duff, and H . O. Vacher.
The ideal Lovibond color system. D . B. Judd, G. J . Cham-
berlin, and G. W. Haupt.
Syst ems of electrical nnits. F. B. Silsbee. (See above
abstract.)
J ournal of R esear ch 66D (Radio Prop.) N o.2 (M ar .-Apr .
1962) 70 cen ts.
Atmospheric phenomena, energetic electro ns, and the
geomagnetic field. J. R. Winckler.
The summer intensity variations of [01] 6300 A in the tropics.
D. Barbier, F. E. Roach, and W. R. Steiger.
Generation of radio noise in the vicinity of the earth. P . A.
Sturrock.
Fading characteristics observed on a high-frequ ency auroral
radio path. J. W. Koch and H . E. Petrie.
Some problems connected wit h Rayleigh distributions.
M . M. Siddiqui. (See above abstract. )
Impedance of a monopole antenna with a ra dial-wire ground
system on an imperfectly conducting half space, part I.
S. W. Maley a nd R . J . King. (See above abstract.)
Theory of the infinite cylindrical antenna including the feed-
point singularity in antem1a current. R. H. DUllcan .
(See above abstract.)
The R-fi eld a nd If- field losses a round a nte nnas wiLh a radial
ground wire Rystem . T. Larse n .
The elecLric fi eld at the ground pla ne ncar a disk-loa ded
monopol e. J. lJa nsen an d T. La rse n. (See above ab-
RLract. )
Journal of Resear ch 66D (Radio Prop.) N o.3 (May- Ju ne
1962) 70 ce nt s.
A tbeory of r a dar r eflection s from a rough moon. D. F .
' ''''inter.
A\lunar th eory reasserted. K . :\!. Siegel and T . B . A. Senior.
Statistica l distribu t ion of t he a mplitude an d phase of a mul-
t iply scattcred fi eld. P . Beckma nn.
Amplitude di stribu t ion for rad io signals reflected by meteor
trails, II. A. D. Wheelon.
Hi gh resolution pulse m eas urements of meteor-b urst propaga
t ion at 41 Mc/s over a 1,295-km path. R . J. Carpenter
and G. R . Ochs.
Ionosp heric irregularities a nd long-distance r adio propaga-
t ion. H . A. Whale .
On t he role of the process of refiection in radio wav e propaga-
tion. F . du Castel, P. Mism e, A. Spizziehino, a nd J . Voge.
Correlation bctween hourly m edian scattered sig nals a nd
simple refractivity parameters. A. S. D cn nis.
O bservations of radio wave phase ch aracteristics on a high-
frequency a uroral path. J. "\\T. Koch and IV. :\!. Beery.
Diurnal an d Rcasonal ch anges in structure of t he mid-latitude
quiet ionosphere. J. W. Wri g ht.
Schumann resonan ces of t he e!l;r Lh-ion ORIJh ere cavity-
extremely low fr equency receptIOn at Kmgston , R . I .
C. Polk and F. Fitchen .
Propagation of plane elecLromagneLic waves past a sh oreline.
J. Bazer a nd S. N . K arp . (See above abstract)
C urren ts induced on th e s ur fa ce of a condu cLing circul ar
cylinder b y a slo t. O. JIasserjian and A. I shima ru. (Sec
a bove a bstract)
An experimental st udy of phase yar iat ion s in line-of-sigh t
microwa ve trans missions, K. A. Norton , J. \V. IIerbstreit,
H. B . J a nes, K . O. Horn berg, C. F. P eter son, A. F . Barg-
h a usen , W . E. J ohnson , P . 1. Wells , 1\1. C. Thompson , Jr. ,
:\L J . Vetter, and A. W. Kirkpatrick, NB M ono . 33 (Nov.
1, 1961 ) 55 cents.
T ables of chemical kinetics. H omogeneo us reaction s (S up-
plem e ntary tables), KBS lVl ono. 34 (Sept. 15, 1961) $2. 75 .
Bibliogra phy and index on vacuum a nd low press ure m eas ure-
m ent, W. Q. Brombacher, NBS 10no. 35 (Nov. 10, 196 1)
60 cents.
Effect of mor tar properties on str engt h of masonry, C. C.
Fishburn, N B S Mon o. 36 (Nov. 20, 1961 ) 30 cents .
T abulation of data on microwa ve t ubes, C. P. M ars den,
"V. J . K eery, a nd J . K. Moffitt, N BS Handb. 70, (Nov. 1,
196 1) $1.00.
R esearch highlights of the Nat ional Bureau of Standards,
Annu al Repor t, fi scal year 1961. NBS Misc. Publ. 242
( Dec. 1961) 75 ce nts.
l1e por t of t h e 46th National Confer ence on W eights a nd
l\Ieas ures, 1961. NBS M isc. Pub!. 239 (J an. 1962) 65 cents .
Quarte rly radio noise data, J une, July, August 1961, W. Q.
Crichlow, R. T . Disney, and M. A. J enkin s, N B S Tech.
Note lS- 11 (PB1 51377- 11) (1961) $1.50.
M ea n electron density variations of t he quiet ionosphere,
No. 6- August 1959, J . W. Wri ght, L. R . Wescott, and
D . J . Brown, NBS Te ch. Note 40- 6 (PB151399- 6) (1961)
$ 1.50.
T echniques for computin g refraction of radio waves in t he
t ropospher e, E. J . Dutton and G. D . Thayer, N B S Tech.
Note 97 (PB16159S) (1961) $1.50.
P erformance predictions for sin gle tropospheri c co mmuni-
cation links and for several links in tand em , A. P . Barsis,
K . A. Norton, P . L . Ri ce, a nd P. H. E lder, NBS T ech .
Note 102 (PB1 61603) (1961) $3. 00.
Astrophysical and plasma ph ys ics research at the National
Bureau of Standards, Highli gh ts for 1961, L. M . Brans-
comb, Ie E. Shuler, J . A. Suddeth, NBS T ech. Note
116 (PB161617) (1961) $1.00.
Variations in frequency of occurrence of sporadic E 1949-
1959, W. B . C ha dwick, N BS Tech. Jote 117 (PB16161S)
(1961) 75 cents.
73
A note on t he p ropagaLion of c('rLain LF pulses uLili zed in a
radio na vigation s.vste m, J . H. Joh lpr, ~ B R T ech . ~ote
lIS (PB16161 9) (1961 ) 75 ccnts.
Co mpute r simu lation of s treeL Lra mc, M. C. SLark, N BS
Tech . Note 11 9 (PB1616 20) ( 196 1) $2 .2;'i.
Prrcision cali bra t ion of RF vacuum tu be "olLm eLC' rs, L. F.
Behrent, KBS T ech. Note 121 ( PB161(\22) (1961) 50
cents.
Papers from t he sy mposium on collision pheno mena in
ast rophysics, geophysics, a nd masers, M. J. Seaton, M .
J . Dalgarno, and C. P eck er, NBS T ech. Note 124 (PB-
161625) (1961 ) $1. 00.
Some relationships b etween short-wave fad eouts, magnetic
crochets, and solar fiares, L . W. Acton, J . Geophys. R e-
sea rch 66 , 3060- 3063 (Sept. 1961).
A simple calibration technique for vibrating sample and
coil magnetometers, N. V. Frederick, Proc. IRE 49, 1449
(Sept. 1961) .
First pu lsed r a dio soundings of t h e topside of t he ionospher e,
R. W . Knecht, T. E. Van Zandt, and S. Russell, J . Geo-
ph ys. R esearch 66, 3078- 3081 (Sept. 1961) .
The ha lf-life of carbon-14, 'vV. B. Mann, W . F. Marlow, and
K E. Hughes, In tern. J . Appl. R a di ation an d I sotopes
11, No.2, 57- 67 (1961).
P e rforma nce characteri stics of t urbine fiowmeters, M . R .
Shafer, T rans. ASME J . B asic Eng. P aper ~o. 61- WA- 25
(1961) .
R ate of the reaction ?lO + N, J . T. H erron, J. Chem. Phys .
35, No.3, 113S- 1139 (Sept. H)61) .
The sy nth es is o f food , A. T. McPherson, Ind . R esearch, pp.
20- 27 (Nov. 1961) .
lW'ecL of m er cu ry-alloy ratio on the physical prope r t ies of
a malgams, \V. T. Bwee ney a nd C. L. Burn s, J . Am. Dental
Assoc. 63 , No.9, 374-3S1 (Sept. 1961).
YI:eas urement ch a racteri stics of fa rm milk ta nks, i\I. W .
J e nsen , Scale J ., pp. 4- 5 (Oct. 1961).
Ex perim ental des ign and t Il ASTM eommiLLees, Vlf. J .
Youd en, M aterials R esearch and Standards, 862- 67
(N 01'. 1961).
Prese n L status of panoramic roe ntgenography, J . \V. I{u m-
pula, J . Am. D e nLal Assoc. 63, No. , 194-200 (Aug. 1961).
Pe rtu rbat ions and r otalional intensiL ies observed i n CK
ba nds emi Lted by reac Lion s of o rgani c molecul es with
ni t rogen aLoms, N.lI. Ki ess and II . P. Broida, J . :'1101.
Spect. 7, No.3, J9 4- 208 (Scpt. 196 1) .
Sun-tim e r epla ced by aLo mic clocks, R . B. Tipso n, Capital
Chemist 11, 255 (Nov. 1961) .
Transition proba biliLies in mlilt ilevel system: calcu lation
fr om im plilsive a nd s Leady-st ate expe rim e nts, T . Carring-
to n, J. Ch e m. Ph y~. 35, No.3, S0 7- 8 16 (8ep t. 1961) .
The p er man e nt func t ion as an inner product, M . M a rcus and
M. Newman, Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 67 , No.2, 223- 224
( YI:ar ch 1961).
Thermal conductivity of some co mmercial iro n-ni ckel alloys,
T . W. Watson and H . E. Robinson , Trans. ASME, Berieti C,
J. H eat Transfer 83, No.4, 403- 40S (No v. 1961).
Exploratory research on demin e raliza tion, A. R ose, R . F .
Sweeny, T. B. Hoover, V . N. Schrodt, Ch. in Book, Saline
'vVater Con version, Advances in Chemist ry Se ri es TO. 27,
50- 55 (American Chemical Society, Washing ton, D .C .,
1960) .
Molecular structure of propylene, D . R . L ide and D . Christ en-
sen, J. Chem. Phys . 35, No.4, 1374- 78 (Oct . 1961) .
YIeasurem ent of the t ransition p robabili ty of t he or mult ip let
at 6 J57A, W . L. Wiese and J . B . Shumaker, J r. , J . Opt. 80c.
Am . 51, No. 9, 937- 942 (Sept. 1961) .
Deposit ion of m etals from t h e vapor phase an d simila ri ty of
t he process t o electrode position, A. B re nn er, Trans. In t.
:\1etal Finishing 38, No.4, 123- 1.30 (Aug. 1961).
]~h otog r aphic r esp onse to s uccessive expos ures of differe nt
typ es of radiation, M . E hrli ch a nd W . L. McLaughlin, J .
O pt. Soc. Am. 51, No. 11, 11.72- 1181 (Nov. 196 1) .
On t h e possibili ty of r ejecLin g cer tain mod es in VLF propaga-
tion, J . R . W ait, Proc. IRE , Lette r 49, 1429- 1430 (Sep t .
1961) .
Intramolecular rearrange me nts. II . Pho tolys is a nd radioiys is
of 4-methyl-2-h exano ne, P . J . Au sloos, J . Phys. Chern. 65,
1616- 161S (1961 ) .
Low-an gle X- ray diffraction of crystalli ne nonori ented poly-
 ethylen e and its relat ion t o crystallization m ec han isms,
L . Mandelkern, A. S. Posner , A. F . Diorio, a nd D . E.
Roberts, J. Appl. Ph ys. 32, No.8, 1509- 151 7 (Au g. 1961).
The relaxation t imes of so me paramagnetic dispersions, P. H .
Fang, Physica 27, 68 (1961) .
Infrared spectra of carbon monoxide as a solid and in solid
m atrices, A. G. Maki, J . Chem. Phys. 35, No.3, 931- 935
(Sept. 19(1).
Multiple biologic recording for digital analysis, II . L. Mason ,
Proc. Interdisciplinary Clinic on the Instrumentation
R equire men ts for Psychophysiological Resear ch, FIER
Clinic on Psychophysiological Instrumentation, Lafayette
Clinic, p . 65- 67 (May 16- 17, 1961) .
Preparation, tran sfer, and dilu t ion of a 50 % sodium hydroxide
solu t ion, R. G. Bates, Chem .-Anal. 50, No.4, 117- 118 (D ec.
1961) .
A waveguide interpretation of 'temperate-latitude spread F'
on equatorial ionograms, M . L . V. Pitteway and R . Cohen,
J . Geophys. R esearch 66, 3 141- 3156 (Oct. 1961).
R elative intensities for t he ar c spectra of seventy elements,
W. F. Meggers, C. II. Corliss, and B. F . Scribn er, Spectro-
chim. Acta 17, No. 11, 1137- 1172 (Nov. 19(1).
Ground-conductivity determinat ions at low radio-frequencies
by an a na lysis of t he sferic signat ures of t hunderstorms,
J . R. Johler and C. M. Lilley, J . Geophys. R esear ch 66,
3233- 3244 (Oct. 1961) .
Tongs used in testing for radioactive contamination, T . G.
H obbs, H ealth Physics 6, No.3 & 4, 224a, 224b, 225 (Oct.
196 1) .
Calibration of vibration pickups at large amplitudes, E. Jones,
S. Edelman, and K. S. Sizemore, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33,
No. 11, 1462- 1466 (Nov. 1961).
For a un ified gra in-size stand ard, L. L. Wyman a nd P . E.
Penrod, M aterials Research & Standards (ASTM Bull.) 1,
No.8, 638 (Aug. 19(1) .
Sound absorption by areas of finite sizes, R . re. Cook, Proc.
3d Intern. Con gress on Acou stics (Elsevier Publishin g Co.,
Amsterda m, 19(1).
Infrared spe ctrum of acetylene, T . A. 'Wiggins, E. re. Plyler,
a nd E. D. Tidwell, Opt. Soc. Am. 51, No. 11, 1219- 1225
(Nov. 19(1).
A status report on Algol- 60, J . H. vVegstein, Datamation,
p. 24 (1961).
Wind resistance of asphalt shin gle roofin g, 'Vol. C. Cullen,
Nat!. Acad. Sci.-Nat!. R esearch Co un cil, 33- 42 (1961).
The in terpretation a nd syn t hesis of certain spread-F con-
figuration appearing on eq uatorial ionograms, W. Calver t
and R. Cohen, J . Geophys. R esearch 66, 3125- 3140 (Oct.
1961) .
Kin etic isotope effects in t hc reaction of methyl ra dicals with
ethane,-d 6 and ethane-I, 1, I-d 3, J . R . McNesby, J. Phys.
C hem. 64, No. 11, 1671 (Nov. 19(0) .
H earin g b y bone cond uct ion, E. L. R. Corliss, E. L. Smit h,
an d J. O. M agruder, Proc. 3d In tern. Congress on Acoustics,
p . 53- 55 (E lsevier Pub!. Co ., Amsterda m, The Net herlands,
1959) .
A method for the study of vector velocity di stri bution of low
de nsity mo lecular beams, L. M arton, S. R. Mielczarek, an d
D. C. Shubert, Book , R are fied Gas D yn a mics, p. 61- 65
(Academic Press, I nc., New York, N .Y. , 1961) .
Expected influence of a localized ch ange of ionosphere height
of VLF propagation, J . R. W ai t, J . Geophys. R esearch 66,
3603 (Oct. 19(1).
R ate of vaporization of refr actory substances, J . J . Diamond,
J. Efimenko, R . F. H a mpson, a nd R. F. Walker, J. H . de
B oe r, et a !. (Editors) R eactiv ity of Solids Proc. Fourt h
In tern. Symp . Amsterdam , 1960, 725- 34 (1960).
Cry ogeni cs an d nuc lear physics, R. P . Hud son, Science 13<1"
No. 3492, 1733- 1736 (D ec. 1, 19(1) .
A technique for calculating infrared a bsorption by a regular
ba nd, L. R. Megill and P . M. J a mnick, J. Op t . Soc. Am. 51,
1294- 1297 (Nov. 19(1).
Evaluation of t he s pecia l world inter val program durin g t he
I G Y, M. E. Nason , J. Geophys. Research 66, 3597-3 598
(Oct. 19(1).
C rack progapation a nd t he fracture of concrete, M. F.
K aplan, J . Am. Concrete Inst . 58, No. 5, 59 1- 610 (Nov.
1961).
74
Magnetic field micropulsations a nd electron bremsstrahlung,
W . H . Campbell, J. Geophys. R esearch 66, 3599- 3600
(Oct. 1961).
The e ffect of lit hium bromide on t he stru ctural transition of
ribonu clease in solution, L. Mandelkern and D . E. Roberts,
J . Am. Chelll. Soc. 83, 4292 (1961).
Co rnments on " Pla n for the Self-Qualifi cation of Labora-
tories," A. T . McPherson, ASTM M aterials R esear ch &
Standard s 1, No.9, 729, 730, 733 (Sept. 19(1) .
Timing potentials of Loran C, R. H . Doherty, G. H efley,
a nd R. F. Linfield, Proc. IRE <1,9, 1659- 1673 (Nov. 19(1).
Pan American standard s of mutual benefit to Latin America
and the U.S., A. T. McPherson, Foreign Commer ce vVeekly
(International Affairs, D epartment of Co mmerce, 'Washing-
ton, D.C .) p . 1 (Nov. 13, 1961).
Poly morphism of AB 0 3 t ype rare eart h borates, E. M .
Levin, R. S. Roth , and J . B. Martin, Am. Mineralogist 46,
1030- 1055 (Sept. 19(1).
Sun storms and t he earth: The aurora polaris and t he space
aro und t he earth, S. Cha pman, Am. Scientist 49, No.3,
249- 284 (Sep t. 19(1 ).
Maxwell a nd modern colorimctry, D . B . Judd, J. Photo-
graphic Sci. 9, No.6, 341- 352 (Nov.- D ec. 1961).
Colorimetric determination of 5,6-dichloro-2-benz oxazolinone
in leat hers, S. Dahl, J . Am. Leather Chemists Assoc.
LVII, No. 1 (J an. 19(2).
Formation of polymer crystals with folded ch ains from dilu te
solution, J . I. Lauritze n, Jr. , a nd J . D. Hoffman, J . Chern.
Phys. 31, No.6, 1680- 1681 (D ec. 1959).
This works fo r us- approval books fo r a science library,
V. S. Barker, Special Libraries 52, No.3, 471- 472 (Oct.
19(1).
Dielectric properties of solid polymers, A. J . C urtis, SP E
T rans., 82- 85 (J an. 1962).
Chemical reactions at very low te mperatures, A. Thomas,
Trans. F a raday Soc. 57, No. 446, P t . 10, 1679- 1685 (Oct.
19(1) .
Theoretical dielectric beh avior of an ethy l sterate-heneicosane
mixture, M . G. Broadhurst, J . Chem. Phys. 33, No. 1,
221- 226 (July 1960).
A statistical co mparison of the wearing char acteristics of
two types of dollar notes, E. B. R andall, Jr. , a nd J. Mandel,
Materials R esearch a nd Standards (ASTM Bul!.) 2,
No.1, 17- 25 (J an. 19(2).
5,6-di chloro-2-benzoxazolinone as a leather fun gicide, S. Dahl
a nd A. M . K a plan, J . Am. Leather Chemists Asso c. LVI,
No. 12, (D ec. 19(1).
D ep arture from t he Saha equation for ionized helium. II.
Atmospheric t hicknesses too small to satisfy detailed
ba la nce iu the resonance lines, R . N . Thomas a nd J . B.
Zirker. Astrophy s. J . 134, 740- 746 (Nov. 19(1) .
E lectron diffraction studies on solid a-nitrogen, E. M. H orl
and L. Marton, Acta Cryst. U, No. 11, Pt. 1 (J an. 1961).
On the impedance of long wire suspended over t he ground,
J. R . W ait, Proc. IRE 49, No. 10 (Oct. 19(1).
Automat ic screening of normal and abnorma l electrocardio-
grams by means of a digital electronic compu ter, H . V.
Pip berger, R. J . Arms, and F. W . Stallmann, Prof. Soc.
Experimental Biology and Medicin e 106, 130- 13 2 (1961) .
E lectromagnetic bearing, H . Sixsmit h, R ev. Sci. Instr. 32,
1196- 1197 (Nov. 1961).
Franck-Condon factors and t he shape of ionization effi ciency
curves, M . E. Wacks a nd M. Krauss, J . C hem. Ph ys. 35,
No.5, 1902- 1903 (Nov. 19(1).
On t he average atmospheric radio refractive index stru ctu re
over North America, B. R . Bean an d J . D . Horn , Beitr.
Phys. Atmos. 34, 92- 104 (196 1).
Concerning t he bi-exponential nature of t he t ropospheric
radio refractive index, B. R. Bean, Beitr. Phys. Atmos. 3<1"
81- 91 (1961).
Atomic beam frequency standards, R . C. Mockler , Ad vances
in E lectro nics an d E lectr on Phys. 15, 1- 71 (1961).
Traveling pressure waves associated with geo magnet ic
activity, P . Chrzanowski, G. Greene, K. T. Le mmo n, and
J . M. Young, J. Geophys. R esearc h 56, No. ll, 3727- 3733
(Nov. 19(1).
A stu dy of the fluore scence of cellulosic pol y mers, K . ]i'. Pl itt
and S. I) . '1'onpr, J . Appl. Polyme r Sci. 5 , Xo. 17, 53-!- 538
( 1961) .
Use of an operaLional amplifier with H e lmholtz coi ls for
reducing ac induced magnetic fields, L. A. Mar zetLa, R ev.
Sci. I milr. 32, No. 11, 1192- 1195 (Nov. 1961).
Drift mobility of an ionic impurity in an elect ric field , J. R.
Manning, Phys. R ev. 125, No.1, 103- 108 (Jan. 1962) .
Some observations of metal distribution, G. Ogburn and :VL A.
l\I orris, P lating Mag. 49 , ~ o. 1, 72- 75 (Jan. 1962).
Comme nts on K. Vozoff's paper "Calibration of pulsation
detector coils," J. R . vVai t, J . Geopbys. R esearch 66, No.
10, 3603 (Oct. 1961).
Dielectric properties of polyamides, A. J . Curtis, J . Chem.
Phys. 34, No.5, 1849- 1850 (May 1961).
Precision of reverberation chamber measurements of sOlllld
absorption coefficients, R. V. Water house, Book, Proc.
3d In tern. Congress on AcoLlstics, Stuttgart, Ge rmany
75
P. 886 (Elsevier Pub!. Co. Am ste rdam , The ~cL h e rlallds,
1959).
Concerning ra diosondes, lag co nsta n ts, and radio ]"pfracli\"(:!
index profiles, B . R . Bea n and .E. J. DutLon, J . Geophyo.
R esearch 66, 3717- 3722 (Nov. 1961).
On the interpretatio n of promine nce spect ra IV. The Balmer
and Pasc he n continua in a qui et promillence, J. T. ,Jcfrerics
and F . Q. Orr'a ll, Astrophys. J. 134, No.3 (Nov. 1961 ) .
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