Determining Molarity Through Acid- Base Titration

Ryan Persaud

Peter Seol

CHEM 1251L-041

04/05/2017
Introduction: This experiment is about Titrations as a way to determine the concentration of

acid solutions. An indicator is used to determine if the equivalence point has been reached. The

indicator will not react until the equivalence point is reached and then changes colors. This is

because it is a spectator element. This is used to find the concentration of the acid. NaOHs

molarity will be found out by adding (KHC8H4O4) as a standardizer. Then the NaOH solution

will be standardized and will be put in another titration. This will determine its molarity. A buret

will be filled with the solution. It is then put into the other solution of unknown molarity. This

creates a reaction of KHC8H4O4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) ----> KNaC8H4O4 (aq) + H2O (L).

This is a 1 to 1 mole ratio. It took one mole of the solution to create the other. The indicator is

not exactly at the equivalence point, most likely due to error. Then the standardized NaOH

solution is then added to a sample of acetic acid. HC2H3O2 (aq) + NAOH (aq) ---->

NaC2H3O(L). This is also a 1 to 1 molar ratio.

Last the NaOH is titrated with sulfuric acid. It reacts as H2SO4 + 2NaOH (aq) ----> Na2SO4 (aq)

+ 2H2O (L). Its a 1 to 2 mole ratio.

Procedure:

First KHP was weighted. KHP is in the Erlenmeyer flask. 70 mL of distilled water is added. 5

drops of phenolphthalein. It is the indicator. The NaOH was added to the buret and recorded. It

was then mixed until a lightish pink solution emerged. Then the difference between the initial

and current volume were recorded. 2.0 mL of acetate is added to 10 mL of a graduated cylinder.

The acetate was added to the Erlenmeyer flask of a 50 mL distilled solution. 5 drops of

phenolphthalein was added. It then turns pink. 2.0 mL of Sulfuric acid was put into a

Erlenmeyer flask. 50 mL of distilled water was added. Then 5 drops of phenolphthalein was

added. It was then recorded.

Results:

Table 1: NaOH with KHP

Data Calculation Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Mass of KHP 1.01g 1.03 1.00g

used (g)

Molar mass of 204 (g/mol) 204 (g/mol) 204 (g/mol)

KHP (g/mol)

Moles of KHP Mass of KHP .00495 .00505 .00490

used (moles) Molar Mass of
KHP

Acid: Base molar Balancing 1:1 1:1 1:1

ratio Equations

Moles of NaOH 1:1 ratio .00495 mol .00505 mol .00490

(moles)

Initial Volume of Burette 13.74 mL 4.0 mL 16.0 mL

NaOH (mL) measurement

Final volume of Burette 38.5 mL 30.2 mL 25.9 mL

NaOH (mL) measurement

Volume of NaOH V= Vf - Vi 24.76 mL 26.1 mL 24.3 mL

used (mL)

Molarity of M= Moles of NaOH 200 M .193 M .202 M

NaOH (mol/ L) Vol of NaOH

Average molarity .200 M + .193 + .202 .198 M of NaOH

3
of NaOH (mol/L)

Table 2: Acetic acid with NaOH

Data Calculation Trial 1 Trial 2

Molarity of NaOH Avg. molarity of .198M .198M

(mol/L) NaOH
Initial Volume of Burette Measurement 0mL 4 mL
NaOH (mL)

Final Volume of Burette Measurement 22 mL 28 mL

NaOH (mL)

Volume of NaOH V= Vf - Vi 22 mL 24 mL
used (mL)

Moles of NaOH used .198 mol .004356 mol .004752 mol

(moles) Vol NaOH

Acid: Base molar Balanced Equation 1:1 1:1

ratio

Moles of acetic acid 1:1 ratio .004356 mol .004752

(moles)

Volume of acetic acid Beaker Measurement 2 mL 2 mL

used (mL)

Molarity of acetic acid M=Mols of Acetic Acid 2.178 M 2.376 M

(mol/L) Vol of Acetic

Average molarity 2.178 M + 2.37 M 2.277 M

2
(mol/L)

Table 3: Sulfuric Acid with NaOH

Data Calculation Trial 1 Trial 2

Molarity of NaOH Avg Molarity of NaOH .198M .198M

(mol/L)
Initial volume of Burette Measurement 0mL 20 mL
NaOH (mL)

Final volume of Burette Measurement 7.3 mL 28.8 mL

NaOH (ml)

Volume of NaOH V= Vf - Vi 7.3 mL 8.8 mL

used (mL)

Moles of sulfuric acid .198M = x mol .0014454 mol .0017424 mol

(moles) Vol NaOH

Acid: Base Molar Balanced Equations 1:2 1:2

ratio

Volume of sulfuric Beaker 7.227 * 10^-4 mol 8.712 * 10 ^-4 mol

acid (moles) Measurement

Volume of sulfuric Beaker 2 mL 2 mL

acid used (mL) Measurement

Molarity of sulfuric M= moles of Sulfuric Acid .36135 M .4356 M

acid (Mol/L/) Vol Sulfuric Acid

Average molarity .36135 M + .4356 .3985 M

(mol/L) 2

Discussion:

This lab is about finding the equivalence point in a titration. This is first observed in the

reaction KHP and NaOH. KHC8H4O4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) ----> KNaC8H4O4 (aq) + H2O (L).

Then it is observed in a 1:1 ratio of HC2H3O2 (aq) + NAOH (aq) ----> NaC2H3O(L). The NaOH

is used to find the equivalence point. This is a 1 to 2 ratio. In order to find the molarity of

NaOH, KHP was used. Once the NaOH was standardized it was possible to measure the

unknown concentration. This ratio was 1:1. My theoretical was .19. My actual was .198. This

means my percent error was 4.39 percent. The unknown was 1.0. My percent error in table 2 is
127.7 percent. This means there was a big source of error. The third is 109.73 percent error.

This means there was another huge source of error.

Conclusion:

There was a huge percent error in the last two tables. This must have been from the analyte in

excess. This caused the solution to be very concentrated and throw off the measurements. This

may have happened when titrating the solution to endpoints. The first titration was correct. It

had a minimal percent error.

Sample Calculations:

Molarity (M) = moles of a solute

Liters of a solution

Moles of Solute = Molarity of Solution (mol/L) * Volume of solution (L)

Mass of a solute (g) = moles of solute * molar mass of solute (g/mol)

Percent error
.10- .10
.1 * 100 = 0%

Molarity of NaOH
mol/l = .005mol/.025L =.2M