Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
FH Edtllon(June 1965)
3cotd Edlon ffih Amendmenlsl (Morch f ?88)
att
TheBuilding CostInformalion
Centre (BCIC)of thelnstitution
of Surveyors,
Malaysiahasbeensetup withthe
aimof beingtheauthorilalive
bodyto collect,
compile, andpublish
analyse
collate, costinformation
relating
to the
in Malaysia.
Industry
Construction
in mindtheBCICis published
Withthisobjective toserveasa guideforthepreparalion
thisManual of elemental
throughout
costanalyses theIndustry.
wascompiled
Thisdocument bytheCostAnalysis
Sub-Committee
oftheBCICcomprising :-
following :
EncikHoePengKhoon (Chairman)
Encik
AbdulHamidOthman
AbdulManap
Encik AMullah
EncikCheahKowChye
EncikHashimlsmail
EncikWanMokhtarlsmailAbdullah
EncikZakaria
Hashim
CikMaliniB.
N (Researctr
OmceQ
u0ntents
Introduction i
Gontents ii
1. Principles
ofAnalysis 1
2. fnstructions z
1. General z
1.1Terms
1.2Complex
Contraots
1.3Omission
/ Exclusions
2. Project
Information z
2.1Building
TypeandCode
2.2Client
2.3Location '.:ti
2.4TenderDate
ofTotalproject
2.5BriefDesuiption
2.7Market
Conditions
2.8Contract ofTotalproject
Particulars
2.9Tender
List
3. Desigr/ShapeInformation
forSingle
Buildings 4
3.1AccommodationandDesignFeatures
3.2FloorAreas
3.3Number ofStoreys
3.4StoreyHeight
4. BdefCostInformation 4
4.1Prelimhades
andOontingencies
4.2Fundional
unitCost
5. SummaryofElement
Costs S \ '
5.1Elements
52 Group
Elements :
3. of Terms
Definition 6
1. Elements
2. Enclosed
Spaces '
3. BasementFloors
4. Gmund Floors
5. UpperFloors
6. GrossFloorArea
7. NetFloorArea
8. RoofArea
9. ExtemalWallArea
10.WalltoFloorRatio
11.ElementRatios
12.StoreyHeight
13.FunctionalUnit
14.TotalCostof Element
15;CostPerSquare Metreof GrossFloorArea
16.ElementUnitQuantity
17.ElementUnitRate
4. of Elements
ListandContents 11
1. Substructure 11
1A Piling
1B FloorFinish.
WorkBelowLowest
2. Superstructure 11
2A Frame
28 UpperFloors
2C Roof
2D Stairs
2E ExtemalWalls
2F Windows andExtemalDoon
2G lntemalWalls
andPartitions
2H IntemalDoors
3. Finishes 12
3A IntemalWallFinishes
38 Intemal
FloorFinishes
3C IntemalCeiling
Finishes
3D ExtemalFinishes
4. andFumishings
Fittings 13
5. Servhes 13
5A SaniFyAp@rces
58 PlumtfngInstallation
5C Refrrse tlisposal
5D Ai.clflix*g andVentilation
System
5E Electicdhdallation
5F Fircffidbn Installation
5G [n nd Correpr lmtallatbn
5H Camr*:don hstallation
5J Speddhstdd*m
fl( Brffi PldadAflendanceonServices
5L B*bG fH h Connection withServices
6. Fr|nqrC ffi . 14
6A *k
68 e-ry
6C &nd Senbes
6D Andnyefftgs
6E Recre6qd Facilties
5. Formof ElernenblCostAnalysis
Standards
| il rvrylgJ
Thebasicpdnciples
fortheanalysis
ofthecostof building
workareasfollows
:
1. A building a project
within shallbeanalysed
separately.
shallbeprovided
2. Information thepreparation
tofacilitate ofestimates
based
onabbreviated
measurements.
3. Analysesshallbeinstageswitheachstagegivingprogressively
moredetail; thedetailed
costsin eachstage
shouldequalthe costs
of the group
relevant in lhe preceding
stage.At anystageof analysisanysignificant
costitemsthataremoreimportant to a properandmoreusefulunderstanding of the analysisshallbe
identified.
4. Preliminaries item(notapportioned
shallbedealtwithasa separate amongst
elements).
5. LumpSumadjustments
shallbespreadpro+ata
amongst
allelements
of thebuilding(s)
andexternal
works
onallwork
based exduding
Prime CostandProvisional
Sumscontained
withintheelements.
feesshallnotformpartoflhecostanalysis
6. Professional I
t-.;7
Sumtocoverunforeseen
7. Contingency expenditure
shallnotbeincluded
intheanalysis,
butshownseparately.
costunitof allelements
8. ThePrinciple shallbeexpressed
in RMto twodecimal
placespersquaremetreof
FloorArea.
Gross
begiven.
UnitCostShall
9. A Functional
10.TheDefinition shallbeasgiven
ofTerms inthisManual.
11.TheListandContents shallbeasgiven
oftheElements inthisManual.
Instructions
1 GENERAT.
1.1 Terms
shallbeasdefined
theanalysis
usedthroughout
Terms inlhisManual.
1.2 Gontracts
Gomplex
1.3 or Exctusions
Omissions
provided
Whereitemsof workwtrichare normally under the building
contracthavebeen
orsupplied
excluded separately,
thisshould
bestatedwhereappropriate.
2, INFORMATION
PROJECT
2.1 Building
TypeandCode
ofbuildings
Theclassification shallbeasfollows -.Table
( asCl/SfBClassification 0)
0 - Land,Planning,
Landscape
1 - CivilEngineering
Work
2 - Transport,
IndustrialBuildings
3 - Administrative
BuiUings
4 - Health
andWelfare Buildings
5 - RefreshmentEntertainment,
Recreation
Buildings
6 - ReligbusBuildings
7 - Educational, Scientific
Cultural, Buildings
I - ResidentialBuildings
I - Building,
Spaces in General
TheBCICr*rence codedassifie{buitdings
bytheformf construclion,
number
of storeysand
GrossFbArca n sqrae retres.
Theonsfrudondassesare: ,.
,
A Reifud concrete framedconstruc{bn
B- *d kiled consbndion
C. ffier kenedconsWcl'ron
O. Lbtrttsaned
sleelorreinforced
construction
8 .7 - 1 6 000
'v"t' w' ' ervrslJ' ruruvulll4 clllu uull[ ln stegl
constructionshould bg shown as :-
4 - Healthand Welfare
B -7 - 16000
2.2 Client
Indication begivenofthetypeofclient,
should e.g.private
orgovernment.
2.3 Location
Thelocation
of the projectshouldbe.givennothing
Selangor. - petalingJaya,
the CityandState,e.g.
Thelocationmaybereported lessprecisely
if theclientsbdesires.
2.4 Tender
Oate
Datefixedforclosing
dateoftender.
^l
2.5 BriefDescription
of Totalproject
J
2.5.1 Briefdescription
ofthebuilding
being
analysed
andofthetotalproject
ofwhichit forms
_part.
2.6 SiteConditions
Shortreport.ontendersindicating
lhe levelof tendering,
localconditions
withregardto
arcilability
oflabour
andmaterials,
keenness andcompetition. ';,
2.8 iarticutarsof Totalprofect
Gontract
e.g.pArr4pwD
2.8.1 Typeofcontract, (wirhorwithout
quantities)
2.8.2 Billsofquantities,
billsofapproximate
quantities,
specifications
anddrawing
contrad-
2.8.3 Openorselected
competitions,
npgotiated,
serialorcontinuation
contract.
2.8.4 Firmpriceor withcostfluctuation.
2.8.5 Number
ofContractors
towhomtender
documents
havebeensent.
2.8.6 Number
oftenders
received.
2.8.7 Contract
Pedods
i) Stipulated
byclient
ii) Quoted
bybuilders
2.9 TenderList
2.9.2 lndicate
whethertenders (L)or byforeign
werefromlocalbuilders builders
(lNT)or by
jointventure
between
thetwo(JV).
3. FORSINGLE
INFORMATION
DESIGN/SHAPE BUILDINGS
3.1 andDesign
Accommodation Features
3.1.1 General
description
ofaccommodation.
tl(-4I
llcti I
rs.bl--lt
I'ffi+
I (+6) lio.o
3.1.4 Anypartiatlarfactoraffecting
design/cost
relationship
resulting
fromuserrequirements
or dictates
ofsite.
32 FloorAreas
Themeasurement
of floorareasandtheinformation on theformis thatunder'3 -
required
DEFINITION
OFTERMS"
3.3 Number
of Storeys
percentage
3.3.1 Approximate (basedon GrossFloorArea)havingdifferent
of buildings
number (i.e.
of storeys. 30%single storey
and70%threestorey).
3.4 StoreyHeight
.
Storey shallbegivenanddiffedng
heights heights
stated (See'3- DEFINITION
separately. OF
TERMS).
4. COST
BRIEF INFORMATION
4.1 andContingencies
Preliminaries
Thetotalfor Preliminaries
andContingencies
forthebuilding
beinganalysed
shouldbestated
andeadt shouldbe expressed as a percentage
of theremainder
of theContract
Sum.The
analpisof pricesdoesnotinclude
Contingencies.
4.2 Functional
UnitCost
Thefunctional
unitcostshould
becalctlated thetotalof thegroupelements
bydiving (lncluding
Preliminaries
butexcludingExternal
Works) bythetotalnumber units(See.l3-
of functional
. DEFTNTTToNOFTERMS).
5. SUMMARYOFELEMENTCOSTS
5.1 Elements
prices
5.1.1 Thebuitding areanalysed
bytheelements.
5.1.2 ThePreliminaries
areshown
separately.
5.1.3 Theelements
areanalysed
under
thefollowing :-
headings
5.1.3.1TotalCostofElements.
Costpersquare
5.1..3.2 metre
ofGross Areain RM(tothenearest
Floor sen) ^)
unitquantity
5.1.3.3Element
unitrateinRM(tothenearest
5.1.3.4Element sen)
5.1.3.5Quantity inelements
ofreinforced.concrete incubicmetres.
5.1.3.6Quantity
ofreinforced
inkilogram.
5.1.3.7Quantity insquare
offormwork metres.
5.2 Group
Elements
areshown
5.2.1 Sub-totals groupelemenb
forthefollowing :
Substructure, Finishes,
Superstrudure, FitingandFurnishings,
Services
and
ExtemalWorks.
-")
5.2.2 CostsperEuaremetreofGross h RM(tothenearest
FloorAreaexpressed
forthe
sen)arecalc.ulated group
elements.
Definition
of Terms
1. ELEMENTS
'4
Thestandardlistofelements
to beusedforelemental
costanalysis under - LIST
is asthatdescribe
ANDCONTENTS OFELEMENTS'.Thecostofeachelementsmustconformwiththeappropriate
listof
andwiththeprinciples
itemsshownforeachelement ofanalysis.
2. SPACES
ENGLOSED
2.1 Allspaces
whictr
havea flooranda ceiling
andenclosing
wallsonallsidesforthefullor partial
height.
2.2 Openbalustrades,
louvres,screens,
columns
andthelikeshallbedeemed
to theenclosing
walls.
3. FLOORS
BASEMENT
belowtheground
Allfloors floor
4. GROUND
FLOOR
5. UPPERFLOORS
Allfloorswhidrdonotfatlintoanyofthepreviously
defined
categories.
6. FLOORAREA
GROSS
62 Inc-ludes by partitions,
areaocarpied columns,
internal or partywalls,stainrells,
struclural ftft
wellsandthelike.
6.3 Indudeslift,plant,
tankrooms
andthelikeabovemainroofslab.
6.4 Slopingsurface
suci asstaircases,'galleries,
tieredteracesandthelikeshouldbemeasured
flatonplan.
7. NETFLOORAREA
floorarea
l.let 'Usable',
'Cirnrlation'
'Ancillary' shallbemeasuredwithinintemal
faceof theenclosing
wallas and
asdefinedbelour.
i'
'lnternal rrv''' u'euvYrvuvJ
andareshown
separately
under Divisions'.
7.1 Usable
Totalareaofallenclosed
sRacegfulfilling
ihemain{unctional
requirements
of thebuilding
(e.g.
officespace,
shopspace,
public
house drinking
area,etc.).
7.2 Circulation
7.3 Ancillary
Totalareaofallenclosed
spacesforlavatories,
cloakrooms,
kitchens,
cleane/srooms,
lift,plant
andtankroomsandthelike,supplementary
tomainfunction
ofthebuilding.
7.4 Divisions
Internal
o\
bypartitions,
Theareaoccupied @lumns,
internalstructural
or partywalls. ,i
8. ROOFAREA
8.1 Planareameasured
acrosstheeavesoverhang
or to theinnerfaceof parapet
wa1s.
8.2 Includes
areacovered
byrooflights.
8.3 andpitched
Sloping roofsshould on planarea.
bemeasured
9. WALLAREA
ENCLOSING
10. WALLTOWALLRATIO
bydividingtheEndosing
Calculated WallAreabytheGrossFloorAreab tree deciTCdaces.
11. RATIO
ELEMENT
Calctlated theNetAreao{theElement
bydividing bytre GrossFloorArcab free deciTdCaes.
trn2
GrossFloorArea
13. UNIT
FUNCTIONAL
unitshallbeexpressed
Thefunctional asNetUsableFloorArea(office, public
factories, houses,
etc.)or
asNumberofUnitsofaccommodation
(seats
intheatres, places,
school persons
perdwelling,
etc.).
13. TOTALCOSTOFELEMENTS
Thisisthecostof eachelement
andtheitemscomprising
it shouldconespond
withthecontents
of each
element(See'4 - LISTANDCONTENTS OFELEMENTS').
lf nocostis attributed
to anelement,a dashshould
beinserted
in themstmlumnanda notemadeto
theeffectthatthiselementls notapplicable.
Forexample,
if windows 'Extemal
in orrtainwalling
areincludedin Walls'
it should
beso statedin the
element'Windows'
anddetails
ofthecostincludedwiththeelement'ExtemalWalls'.
15. C OS T P E R S QU A R E M FTREOFGROSSFLOORAREA
ThisistheTotalCostofElement
divided
bytheGross
Floor
Areaofthebuilding.
16. ELEMENT
UNTT
QUANTITY
Intheanalysis,thecostof element
is expressed
insuitable
unitswhictrrelate
solelytothequantity
of the
element
itself.
Cubesfor aironditioning,
etc. shallbe measured as net floorareaof that part lreated,
multiplied
bytheheight
fromthefloorfinishtolheunderside
oftheceilingfinish(abbreviatedto
Tm3).
16.3 Element
UnitQuantity
for etements
ELEMENT ELEMENT
UNITQUANTITY UNTT
1A Piling ofpile
Totallength m
1B Substructure Areaof lowestfloormeasured
asforGrossFl@rArea m2
2 Frame Areaoffloorsrelating
toframemeasured
asforGrossI m.
FloorArea
28 Upper
Floors TotalareaofUpper
Floors m2
2C Roof Areameasured
overall
surfaces m2
2D Stairs
2F Windows
and Totalareaof Windows
andextemal I m2
doorsmeasured
ExtemalDoors overframes I
I
2G lnternalWalls
and Totalareaof intemal
wallsandpartitions
(exciuding
| *'
Partitions openinss)
I
2H lntemalDoors Areaofintemal
doorsmeasured
overframes I r.
I
3A WallFinishes Totalareaofwallfinlshes I m'
38 Floor
Finishes Totalareaoffloorfinishes mz
3C Ceiling
Finishes Totalareaofceilingfinishes m2
3D ExternalFinishes
4 Fitting
and
Fumishings
5A SanitaryAppliances ofdrawoffpoints
Number no
58 Plumbing
installatbn
5C Refuse
Disposd
5E Electicallmtddin
5F FirePr&cfcn
InstaUdbn
5G UnardCarcltcr
lnstaf,don
5H Conurxr**n
Instagdixl
5., SpeddInstafiation
ELEMEHT ELEMENT
UNITQUANTITY UNIT
5K Builde/sProfitand
Attendanceon
Services
5L Builde/s
Workin
Connec{ion
With
Services
6A SiteWork
68 Drainage
6C ExtemalServles
6D Ancillary
Building
.
6E RecreationalFacilitles
17. UnltRate
Element
unitratesareshown
Etement in RM(tonearest
sen).
10
-.vr s. rs vv. rs\rr rf\, vl l-lgl I lgl lLJ
1 SUBSTRUCTURE
1A. Piling
Allworks
related piling
tofoundation including piling
sheet leftin.
Statethesystem
used, it isConsultant's
whether design
orotherwise,
number,
average
length
sizeofpile.
1.8. WorkBelowLowestFloorFinish
Allworkbelowundersideofscreed
orwhere
noscreedexists,
totheunderside
ofthelowest
floorfinishinduding
dampproof
membrane
together
withrelevant
excavations.
Thiswouldincludecolumn bases,pilecaps,ground
beams,
column
stumps,
load-bearing
briclaryork
belowlowest
floorandgroundslabs. -**
t
excavations
Basement andtemporary
worksupporting
sidesofexcavation
arealsoincluded.
2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
2.A, Frame
Load-bearing
framework
ofconcrete
orsteelincluding
columns,
floorbeams,
roofbeams
and
fascia
beams.
tostanchions
Casings andbeams orprotec$ve
forstructural purposes.
inportalframes
Rooftrusses shallbeinduded
intheFrame
element.
2.8. UpperFloors
Upper andslrudural
floors,balconies screeds.
:,,
floorsoverorinbasenerds.
Suspended
2.C. Roof
' plates,
i) Roofstrudure: Corsfudi:nirdftE earesandverges, ceilingioists,roofslabs,
g*
rocffusss' sdq pr4etnalls andbalustrades atrooflevel.
Eaad wgesleffi.
iv)RocfEgtts: gea,frarnes.
Rodlgftts,openlrg glazing
kerbs, and
worktoreveals
ofopanings.
11
2.0. Stairs
oframps
i) Stairstructure : Construction andstaircases,
landings
otherthanatfloorlevels,
ladders
andescapestaircases.
ii)Stairfinishes to ramps,
: Finishes treadsandrisers,strings
and soffitsof staircases
andlandingsother
thanatfloorlevels.
iii)Stairbalustrades andhandrails
: Balustrades tostairs,
landings
andstairwell
andhandrails
2.E ExternalWalls
enclosing
External wallsincluding
wallsenclosing
airwells,basement
walls,retaining
wallsand
diaphragmwallswhichformpartof theextemal enclosingwallsof the building,
skinof
to cladding/curtain
brickwork walling.
curtain
Cladding, walling,
sheeting
rails,
non-structuralfins
andsunscreens.
i)Windows: Sashes,
frames, andtrims.
linings
glazing
ironmengery, andshopfronts.
Lintels,sills,hoods,canopies,
dampproof
coursesandworkto revealsof
Openings andlintels.
ii)Doors: Doors,fanlights
andsidelights,
frames,
liningsandtrims,ironmengery
and
glazing.
Lintels,
threshold,
cavity
dampproof
courses
andworkto reveals
ofopenings-.
2.G. InternalWalls
andPartitions
walls(including
Intemal anyR.C.wallsnotincluded ebnrent-
intheFrameor ExternalWatls
partitions
Refer2.A.and2.8.respectively), andinsulation.
Screens,
intemalfixed
lights,moveable
space partitions.
dividing
Intemal'balustrade
wallsexcluding
itemsincluded
withStairelement.
(rftrZD-(E)).
2.H. lntemalDoors
Intemaldoors,
fanlights
andsidelights,
slftiing
andfolding
door,hatdes,farns, Eitgs ad
trimsandworkto reveals
ofopenirps
induoing lintels
andthresholds.
3. FINISHES
3.A. IntemalWallFinishes
Preparatory
workandfinishes
tosurfamofvrafis
andcohrmsiilemally.
12
3.8. Internal
FloorFinishes
Preparatory
work,screeds,
skirtings
andfinishes
tofloorsurfaces
excluding
itemsincluded
with
Stairelement(refer2.0.(i0)
and structural
screeds includedwith.UpperFloorselement
(refer
2.8.).
.
3.C. IntemalCeilingFinishes
Preparatorywork,plastedngandfinishes
tosoffitsexcluding
itemsincluded
withStairelement
(refer
2.D.(ii))butincluding
sidesandsoffits
ofbeams partofwallsurfaces.
notforming
Suspended - construction
ceiling andfinishes.
3.0. ExternalFinishes
workandfinishes
Preparatory to outside
faceofexternal
walls,extemal
floorandce1ing. I
4. ANDFURNISHINGS
FITTINGS
i) andFixtures
Fittings
fittings
Fixed induding
shelving,
ctpboards,
wardrobes,
benches,
counters
andthelike.
Blinds,
blindboxes,
curiain andpelmets.
tracks
pinboards,
Blacktoads, notice
boards,
signs,lettering,
minors
andthelike.
ironmengery
tofittings.
ii) andFurnishings
Fumiture
qJrtains,
Fumiture, loose
carpets
andsimilar
softfumishing
material.
d st rrc{inddedintheFinishes
Works (refer3.)orelsewhere.
element
iv) EquipnEd
5. sERtlCES .
5A S*trffics
uitab andlhelike.
W-C-.dopsftrks,
Otrerbalhroom
andtoihtaccessories toiletrollholder,
including towelrails,handdryersand
tP like.
13
Traps,
wastefittings,
overflows
andtapsasappropriate.
5.8. Plumbing
Installation
Hotandmldwaterservices,
soil,wasteandventpipes,
storage pumps,
tanks, valvesandtaps
notincluded
in Sanitary (refer5A).
Appliances
5.C. Refuse
Disposal
Wastecompactor,
shredders,
wastebins,incinerafors,
skidtanksandthelike.
'
5.0 Air-conditioning
andVentilation
System
Air-conditioning
andmechanical
ventilation
systems.
5.E. Etectrical
Installatlon
Electric
supply,
electrical
fittingandlightning
conductors.
5.F. FireProtection
lnstallation
Firelighlingandwaming
installations,
including
wetrisers,
dryrisers,
sprinklers,
extinguishers,
smokedetectors,alarms
andthelike.
5.G. LiftandConveyor
Installation
Lifts,escalators,
travelators,
conveyor
belts,dumbwaiters
andthelike.
5.H. Gommunication
Installation
Public
address
system,
telephone
installations,
PABX,
MATVandthelike.
5.J Speciallnstallation
Kitchen
equipment,
laundry,
building
automation,
security gasinstallation
system, andtheSke
5.K. Builde/sProfitandAttendance
onServices
Builde/sProfit,and
attendance
inconnection
withmechanical
andelectrica!
services.
5.L. Buitderrs
Workin Connection
withServices.
Builde/sworkin connection
withmechanical
andeleclrical
seMces.
6. EXTERNALWORKS '
64. SiteWork
Clearance
anddemolition.
Preparatory
earthworks
toformnewcontours.
Retaining
walls,roadsandfootpaths,
carpark,turfirq,fficagirq, fenchgandgates.
14
u.Er. ulalllage
waterdrainage,
Surface fouldrainage
andsewerage
treatment.
6.C Extemalservices
mains,
Water gasmains,
liremains, electdcal andthelikeuptothefaceofthebuilding.
mains
sitelighting
Firehydrants, andthelike.
workinconnection
Builde/s withextemal
services.
protitandattendance
BuildeCs onextemalmechanicaland
electrical
services.
6.0. Euildings
Ancillary
Separate suctrassub-station,
minorbuildings stores
andthelikeincluding
localengineedng
services.
6.8. RecreationalFacilities
^\
15
OFSURVEYORS
INSTITUTION MALAYSIA
BUILDINGCOSTINFORMATION
CENTRE
COSTANALYSIS- Form I
ELEfrIENTAL I . Qrc:d* idl e..i lAr! q
A- a - L\1L.,
INFORMATION
TOTALPROJECT
Projectand ConkactInformation
VarketConditions
ConiractPadiollars: Competitlve
TenderList
\,lumberof TendersReceived: )
AIIALYSISOFSINGLEEUILOIIIG
DeslgnlShape
krformation
andDesignFeatures:
{ccommodation
5/-,- .-. .? .,-' t 1 . : -) ' , -
I
GRoSSFLOORAREA: :q M2,
PrelrnhariesStronrSeparatety
1 Subslrucfure
1A Pfling
18 tYo*BelowLovrest
FborFhish
Frame
UpperFloors
Roof
Stairc
ExtemalWalls
& ExtemalDoors
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hlemalWalls& Palitions
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hbmalFloorFhishes
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ErlemalFhishes
Sarttry Appfarces
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Retre Dbposal
Aiondttine & Ven0ation
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tr Scrvices
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ft-#Facilfes