INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU MALAYSIA, KAMPUS PERLIS

JABATAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

SUBJECT : SCIENCE 2 (BIOLOGY)

TOPIC: TRANSMISSION GENETICS & MUTATION
GROUP : PPISMP SN/BI/BM SEM. 3

REVISION EXERCISE

NAME: ........................................................................

Answer the following questions.

1. Differentiate between:
a. gene and allele
b. genotype and phenotype
c. homozygous and heterozygous
d. dominant and recessive

2. a. Explain briefly Mendels first law

b. Calculate the genotype and phenotype ratio in the F2 generation of a cross between a
pure-breeding green pod plant and yellow pod plant.
Let G = allele for green pod
g = allele for yellow pod

3. a. Explain briefly what is meant by codominance

b. The coat colour in guinea pigs may be yellow (CYCY), cream (CYCW) or white
(CWCW). Calculate the F2 phenotype ratio if yellow guinea pigs are crossed to
white and then the F1 are self-crossed.

4. A fruit fly, homozygous for grey body and short bristles, was crossed with another
homozygous for black body and long bristles. All the F1 progeny from this cross had
grey bodies and short bristles. When a test cross was carried out on the F1 generation,
the following progeny were produced.

85 grey-bodied, short bristles

92 grey-bodied, long bristles
87 black-bodied, short bristles
96 black-bodied, long bristles

a. Explain the results.

b. Using suitable symbols, draw the cross diagram for the test cross.

1
5. Corn (Zea mays) seeds may have various colours and shapes. Red (R) and non-
shrunken (S) are dominant over white (r) and shrunken (s) respectively. A cross was
done between a homozygous red shrunken line and a homozygous white non-
shrunken line. The F1 generation was then crossed with the homozygous white
shrunken line, and the following progeny were produced.

Phenotype Number of plants

Red, shrunken 48
White, non-shrunken 46
Red, non-shrunken 13
White, shrunken 12

a. State the type of cross between the F1 generation and the homozygous white
shrunken line above. (1 mark)
b. Does the above cross conform to the Mendelian ratio? Give reasons for your
answer. (2 marks)
c. Explain how the situation in (b) can occur. (3 marks)
d. State the genotypes of the F2 progeny. (4 marks)

6. The ABO blood group system in human being is an example of interactions of alleles
that are illustrated by multiple alleles.

a. What is meant by multiple alleles? (2 marks)

b. State the likely alleles combination in ABO blood group system. (3 marks)
c. The table below shows three couples of husbands and wives with their respective
blood groups and the percentage of the number of children produced in
accordance with blood groups.

% number of children in
Couple Parents blood accordance with blood group Parents genotype

A B AB O
First O x A 50 - - 50 . x ..
Second B x A 25 25 25 25 . x ..
Third A x AB 50 25 25 - . x ..
State the parents genotype for each of the crossed couple in the table above. (3 marks)

d. ABO blood group system shows the phenomenon of codominant alleles

(i) Define the term codominant alleles. (1 mark)

(ii) Name the codominant alleles in this blood group system. (1 mark)
7. a. What is meant by mutation? Explain briefly how mutation occurs.
b. Give the definition of

2
 (i) mutant
(ii) mutagen
c. State two types of mutagens and give an example of each type.
d. Explain briefly the four types of gene mutation.

8. a. Explain what happens when one nucleotide is lost from the middle of the DNA
molecule.
b. The template strand of a DNA contains the sequence of 3'- TACTGGACGGAATTA
- 5'. Predict what will happen when ACC is added after TAC in the DNA template.

9. a. Distinguish between chromosomal mutation and gene mutation.

b. List three differences between Downs syndrome and Turners syndrome.

10. The figure below shows normal red blood cells and abnormal red blood cells (sickle
cell). The abnormal red blood cells are the symptoms of an inherited blood disorder
caused by gene mutation.

a. What is meant by gene mutation? (1 mark)

b. Name the genetic disorder caused by gene mutation that result in the abnormal
red blood cells. (1 mark)
c. State and explain the type of gene mutation which can cause the genetic
disorder in (b). (4 marks)
d. List two symptoms of an affected person. (2 marks)

11. The figure below shows the karyotype of an individual.

3
a. Based on the figure shown, is the individual a male or a female? Explain your
answer. (2 marks)
b. What is the name of the disease shown by the karyotype?
Explain how it occurs. (3 marks)
c. Draw a genetic diagram to show how non-disjunction leads to this particular
genetic disorder. (3 marks)
d. State two typical characteristics of this genetic disorder. (2 marks)