Basic

Sealing
Principles
 Mechanical seals

Basic parts
Function of a mechanical seal
Types of mechanical seals
Arrangements
Materials
Operation of seals
Mechanical seals in Pumps

Stuffing box / Seal Chamber

Shaft Motor

Coupling
Basic Parts

Rotating Sealface (1)

Stationary sealface (3)

Secondary sealing
elements (2+4)

Spring element (5)

Torque transmission
(6)
6 5 2 1 3 4
Features of Sealfaces

Solid, homogen materials

Surface roughness
(polished , lapped)

Hardness

Facewidth

Good heat dissipation

Rotating faces

Solid faces

Inserted faces
Rotating faces

Composite faces
Shrunk in
Bonded
Brazed
Supported
Stationary faces

Solid

Composite type
Stationary faces

Mounting
0 Ring mounted
single 0 ring
double 0 ring

elastomer cup
rigid clamped
Secondary sealing elements

0-rings

Enveloped rings

Rubber cups

Wedge designs
Quad rings
0-rings: location and compression

Dynamic 0-ring
7%
Stationary 0-ring
10 - 12 %

Static 0-ring
20 % Dynamic 0-ring Stationary 0-ring
Springs

helical springs

wave springs

metall bellows
Torque transmissions

Form locked
transmission

Friction locked
transmission
Functioning of the seal

Closing forces
Static closing force
Hydraulic closing force

Media
Spring
 Functioning of the seal

Media as lubricant and cooling

lubrication

Media

cooling
 Functioning of the seal

acceptable, minimal leakage

Medium

Leakage
Unbalanced / balanced seals

Balance ratio of a seal

k= hydraulic loaded area

sliding face area

necessary to reduce the face load of a seal

Unbalanced seals

k >1 = unbalanced seal

Balanced seals

k <1 = balanced seal

Heat developement of a seal

Heat dissipation Face friction

The sealing gap

Media

Frictional heat
The sealing gap

high temperature
media

Frictional heat

Boiling point
Deformation of the sealing gap

Parallel gap V - gap A - gap

increased leakage Thermal overloading

destruction of the faces

Deformation due to pressure, temperature, shrinking forces etc.

Leakage

minimal = is acceptable

is influenced by many parameters

is neccessary for proper seal operation

Leakage effecting parameters

finish of the sliding faces

running in process
flatness of the faces
face deflections caused by thermal and pressure loads
conditions of the secondary seals

vibrations and stability of the maschine

operation mode of the plant
characteristics of the sealed fluids
accuracy of the seal mounting and assembly
condition of the equipment
Single seal arrangement 1

Externally pressurized

springs in
product contact

springs without
product contact
Single seal arrangement 2

Internally pressurized

Springs facing away

from the product
Single seal arrangement 3

Stationary seals

springs with
product contact

springs without
product contact
Seal arrangements

Multiple seals

Back to back
face to face
tandem
Double acting seal arrangements

Double acting seals

No product leakage
For aggressive media
Multiple seal
For solid loaded media
Faces barrier fluid lubricated
For polimerising, sticky media
Back to back or face to face
Environmental safe operation
Pressurized barrier fluid
( P1 + 2..3 bar
resp.+10% over P1)
Types of seals

0-ring seals
(pusher type seals)

Bellows type seals

Tandem arrangement

Tandem seal

z Multiple seal
z Function as single seal with safety seal
z Quench media
pressureless ( standard )
z Surveyance possibility of seal
z Leakage control and drain

Product Quenchmedia
Seal materials

Secondary seals
Metal parts

Springs
Seal faces
Seal face materials

Ideal characteristics

resistance to corrosion
resistance to wear
geometrical stableness
thermal conductivity
emergency running capability
price competitiveness

A selection is always a compromise

Burgmann standard materials

Soft faces Hard faces

Buko 1 = resin Bume 5 = stainless steel

impregnated
Buke 5 = ceramic (99%)
carbon graphite
Buko 03 = antimony Buka 22 = silicone carbide
impregnated Buka 20 = silicone carbide
carbon graphite
Buka 16 = tungsten carbide

With hard / hard face pairing

Buka 22 and /or Buka 16 are used

DIN standard materials

Soft faces Hard faces

S = Bume 5
B = Buko 1
V = Buke 5
A = Buko 03
Q1 = Buka 22
Q2 = Buka 20

U2 = Buka 16

More details to be found in the DIN 24960

Secondary seals materials

Elastomers

P = Nitrile Butadiene elastomer ( Perbunan )

E = Ethylen-Propylen-Dien monomer, EPDM
V = Fluoro-elastomer, FPM, (Viton )
K = Perfluoro- elastomer, (. Kalrez, Chemraz)

Elastomers wrapped ( enveloped )

M1 = TTV, Viton double PTFE enveloped
M2 = TTE, EPDM, double PTFE enveloped
Product
Secondary sealing elements

Non-Elastomers

G = Statotherm, pure graphite

T = PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen)

Y1 = Burasil, gasket asbestos free

Springs and construction

Springs

1.4571 = stainless steel, 316 Ti

2.4610 = Hast. C4

Construction

1.4571 = Stainless steel, 316 Ti

2.4610 = Hast. C4
1.4462 = Duplex SS, 329
Operation I

Operation with product circulation

Flushing into the stuffing box

- from Discharge

- External

to the faces
Operation : Flushing

Flushing

- increase the pressure in the stuffing box

- temperature reduction

- avoiding deposits

- reduction of solids
Operation II

Operation with quench

leakage collection
air exclosure
cooling , heating
lubrication
icing protection
vacuumoperation
leckage survey
Operation : Quench

Packing

Throttle bush

Lip seal

Mechaqnical seal
Mechanical seals are

state of the art

sealing equipment
in all industries