Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Bruno De Troch
June 2014
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SReXperts 2014 Presentation
Bruno De Troch
June 2014
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AGENDA
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DELIVERING SERVICES WITH QUALITY IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD
Demand is surging
- Many more smart devices, sometimes with shared data plans
- More time is spent online
- Growing media rich consumption
- Increasing QoE expectations
New services should be enabled quickly and across the full customer base
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THE IMPORTANCE OF BACKHAUL
AS SEEN BY MANY SERVICE PROVIDERS
The facts are we have the nation's largest 4G network covering nearly
250 million people with LTE and HSPA+ with enhanced backhaul,"
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AGENDA
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THE TRADITIONAL BACKHAUL MODEL
LAYERS AT WORK
Pipe Model
- Point-to-Point
- From Access Node (AN) to a smarter Service Node (SN)
- Lower Layer (below IP Layer) technology Smart(er)
Node
Access
Node
Backhaul
Non-IP
One hop @IP might result in one or more hops at lower layer(s)
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THE TRADITIONAL BACKHAUL MODEL
WHY DID WE DO THIS?
Cost
Operational reasons
- IP address management
- Responsibility and ownership spread across teams
-
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THE TRADITIONAL BACKHAUL MODEL
CHALLENGES
Non-Intelligent (mostly at lower layer) decision at pipe entry
- Defer decision to the more centralized service node/location (SN) Smart(er)
Backhaul Backhaul
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THE TRADITIONAL BACKHAUL MODEL
QUESTIONING THE MODEL
Would it make sense to have IP decisions earlier in the chain?
- Why would we do it?
- What would we gain?
L3
Would it cost much more (to operate)?
< L3 < L3 < L3 < L3
L3
Blindly cross-connecting below the IP layer assumes you can trust the packet gets closer to the destination
L3
- Is this always true? < L3 < L3
- What about path/service redundancy?
- At what layer is it best handled? < L3 < L3
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AGENDA
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DRIVERS FOR CHANGES IN BACKHAUL
Capacity Increases
- More subscribers/devices/applications generate more and bigger flows
Service Requirements
- New services impose new requirements (latency limits, synchronization, )
Operational Challenges
- Efficiency, simplicity and cost gains through automation
Standardization
- All IP
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EXAMPLE: MOBILE BACKHAUL EVOLUTION
FIRST AND SECOND PHASE
Phase 1 (2G/3G):
Capacity Increases Point-to-Point connectivity model (no changes)
- TDM/FR/ATM migrated to Ethernet for higher throughput
- Still Point-to-Point between eNBs and RNCs
Phase 2 (2G/3G/LTE):
Capacity Increases Metro Fabric connectivity model
- Ethernet/IP with higher throughput
- Consistent Any-to-Any between eNBs and RNC/EPC/SeGW
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EXAMPLE: MOBILE BACKHAUL EVOLUTION
THE THIRD PHASE
Phase 3 (Converged Backhaul):
Capacity Increases Global Fabric connectivity model
- Ethernet/IP with even higher throughput
- Metro Fabric to Global Fabric
- many possible termination points
(eNBs, MSAN, OLT, WiFI AP, RNC, EPC, WiFi GW, BNG, CDN, MBMS GW, DPI, IPTV GW, DC GW, )
- could be distributed or centralized
- could be physical of virtual
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AGENDA
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CAPACITY EVOLUTION - THROUGHPUT
(MOBILE) DATA TRAFFIC INCREASING DRAMATICALLY
30 Gbps
10 Gbps
5 Gbps
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CONNECTIVITY EVOLUTION REQUIREMENTS
Convergence
- Any access (Multiple Media, Speeds, )
- Any topology
Large Scale
Cost
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EXAMPLE: LTE CHANGES THE ARCHITECTURE
TRADITIONAL
2G, 3G
BACKHAUL DATA CENTER
MTSO REGIONAL/NATIONAL GGSN
(TDM, ATM, Ethernet) BSC/RNC BACKBONE
Hub & Spoke (IP/MPLS)
MACROCELL
SGSN
MTSO
BACKHAUL BSC/RNC DATA CENTER
(IP/MPLS,CARRIER ETHERNET) SeGW REGIONAL/NATIONAL PGWs
BACKBONE
(IP/MPLS)
Any-to-Any Packet Sync
(X2, S1 flex)
IPSec
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TODAY: SERVICE BORDERS ARE STILL NETWORK BORDERS
RNC
SGSN
MTSO
GGSN
IP-VPN IP/MPLS
Mobile Core
CSG
Hub 3G to
Mobile backhauling network Mobile core network
LTE
RNC
S1
SGSN
MTSO
X2 secured
Se-GW GGSN
IP-VPN IP/MPLS
Mobile Core
X2 unsecured CSG
S-GW
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CONVERGED BACKHAUL REQUIRES EVEN MORE FLEXIBLE ARCHITECTURE
MTSO
BSC/RNC
BACKHAUL DATA CENTER
SeGW
(IP/MPLS,CARRIER ETHERNET) REGIONAL/NATIONAL PGWs
BACKBONE
(IP/MPLS)
Any-to-Any Packet Sync
(X2, S1 flex)
IPSec
IPSec
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AGENDA
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THE SERVICE ORIENTED BACKHAUL MODEL
TOWARDS A CONVERGED ACCESS AND AGGREGATION
Make the backhaul flexible enough for true service flexibility
- Any access
- Any topology
- Any service characteristics
- Any service termination point location
- Network Function Virtualization
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THE GLOBAL ANY TO ANY FABRIC
IPSec
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THE GLOBAL FABRIC
POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION
Use IP/MPLS as unifying layer
- Bring it closer to the access
- Access Node connects Wire/Lambda to IP/MPLS Domain
L3
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THE GLOBAL ANY TO ANY FABRIC
CHALLENGES
Scale
- Higher number of devices
- More access nodes
- More service nodes
- Accommodate lower capabilities of most devices
- Control plane
- Data plane
Manageability
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THE GLOBAL ANY TO ANY FABRIC
GOALS ARE IN-LINE WITH SEAMLESS MPLS CONCEPT
Scalability
- Allow the network to scale to 100s of metro regions with 1000+ nodes each, recognizing that some nodes
(e.g. access) have more limited capabilities
Fast Restoration
- Support fast service restoration after failures (using local or E2E repair techniques).
Transport restoration can speed up service restoration but service restoration is the ultimate goal.
End-to-End Provisioning
- Remove service-specific configuration between MPLS domains
- Create end-to-end services by decoupling service and transport layer
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WHAT DID WE GAIN?
SERVICE FLEXIBILITY BY DECOUPLING TRANSPORT AND SERVICES
Transport:
- MPLS Transport possible between ANY possible endpoints
- Optimize Transport Paths irrespective of Application
Services:
- Overlay irrespective of transport
- Per-service Characteristics
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To avoid waste of badndwith and extra-delays, MME / SGW /
EXAMPLE OF SERVICE FLEXIBILITY PGW shall be selected in same ePC site as SeGW
dependency between transport and service
CENTRALIZED SEGW
E-LINE
7750-SR
(Ethernet, MPLS, ) VPLS / H-VPLS IP-VPN SeGW
PCRF
RAN / e-RAN / Access Backhaul/Aggregation Core VRF
IP-VPN VRF
VRF
ETH Fiber or leased PGW
lines
VRF
ETH
7750-SR IP-VPN VRF
VRF SGW
SeGW
IP
VPN
ETH ePC site 1 MME
E-UTRAN VPN
PON ETH 7750-SR
ETH SeGW
IP
VPN PCRF
VRF
ETH
IP-VPN VRF
ETH VRF
PGW
uWave RNC site VRF
ETH IP-VPN VRF
VRF SGW
ETH SeGW
ETH
VRF S1-MME
eNB SeGW selection per ePC site: IP Signalling
Private VPRN
Same for all if Active-Standby ePC se
VRF
VRF c
User Plane
S1-U / X2 / S5
Per TAU/RAU if Active-Active (Load sharing)
32 VRF
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EXAMPLE OF SERVICE FLEXIBILITY Independence of ePC node
selection from SeGW
DISTRIBUTED SEGW architecture
E-LINE
7750-SR
(Ethernet, MPLS, ) VPLS / H-VPLS IP-VPN 7750-SR
PCRF
RAN / e-RAN / Access Backhaul/Aggregation Core VRF
VRF
VRF
ETH Fiber or leased PGW
lines
VRF
ETH
7750-SR SeGW VRF
VRF SGW
VRF
SeGW
VRF
User Plane VPN
ETH VRF ePC site 1 MME
Signalling VPN
PON ETH 7750-SR
ETH VRF
OAM VPN
VRF PCRF
VRF
ETH VRF
VRF
ETH SeGW VRF
PGW
uWave RNC site
ETH Optimized X2 delay VRF
VRF
VRF SGW
ETH
ETH
VRF S1-MME
IP Signalling Larger SeGW deployment
Private VPRN
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SERVICES OVERLAY THROUGH A WAN SDN CONTROLLER
XMPP
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FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF A WAN SDN CONTROLLER
Service Manager
RR SAM
White box
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ACCESS TO THE GLOBAL FABRIC
WHERE IS THE IDEAL ENTRY POINT TO THE IP/MPLS GLOBAL NETWORK?
L3
< L3
IP/MPLS
L3
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EXTENDING THE GLOBAL FABRIC
NON IP/MPLS MULTIPLEXED ACCESS
Heterogeneous solution is still sometimes necessary
- Ethernet, L2oGRE
- Why: specific requirements, legacy, cost, politics
- Example: CPRI
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EXAMPLE: COMMON PUBLIC RADIO INTERFACE (CPRI)
Radio
Radio
Equipment Fronthaul
Equipment
Controller
CPRI (e.g. over fiber)
RF Only Centralized
Base Band Unit
(BBU)
Summary
Interface standard for encapsulating antenna samples sent between a radio and a baseband unit (BBU)
Separation of functions brings efficiency and scale , aligned with a cloud model
Characteristics
Not packet based; signals are interleaved in a low latency TDM-like fashion
Assumes near zero jitter, near zero bit error rate
Defines multiple constant bit rate containers in multiples of 614Mbit/s up to 9.6Gbit/s -
Allows larger containers to be made up of smaller containers
Containers can be mixed between different sectors and between different technologies
Includes alarms and timing/synchronization
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AGENDA
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CONCLUSIONS
IP/MPLS is the right technology to enables the required global any to any fabric
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Seamless MPLS Details
Fixed Mobile Convergence Existing MPLS features (LDP inter area Makes deploying services faster and
LSP, inter area RSVP LDPoRSVP, PW more flexible by removing network
Evolution to LTE
switching) do not address end to boundaries
Cloud services scale, resiliency and manageability Helps scale the end-to-end network to
MPLS being deployed end-to-end more than 100,000 MPLS devices
Seamless MPLS extends MPLS network
form access to aggregation to the IP to integrate access, aggregation and Supports end-to-end fault detection,
core layers of the network core into a single MPLS domain fast protection and end-to-end
operations, administration and
Based on existing protocols (like BGP maintenance (OAM) functions.
and LDP) minimizing risk
For additional Information: Seamless MPLS Techblog
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SEAMLESS MPLS
THE PRINCIPLE
Seamless MPLS extends the core domain and integrates aggregation and access domains into a single MPLS
domain, whilst taking into account the limited feature-set and scale of aggregation nodes (AGNs) and access
nodes (ANs)
Uses divide-and-conquer approach large problem is divided into many smaller problems
Gateway between core and aggregation and core network is implemented by an Area Border Router (ABR)
Architecture can be used for residential, MBH, or business services (de-coupling transport from service layer)
Does not require any new protocols - just uses existing protocols such as BGP, LDP, RSVP and IGP (IS-IS/OSPF)
PE PE ABR P ABR PE PE
Access Aggregation Aggregation Access
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SEAMLESS MPLS
KEEPING THE SCALABILITY, RESILIENCY AND END-POINT PROVISIONING
2 END-POINT PROVISIONING
SERVICE PW
Inter-metro MPLS transport tunnel
P BNG
ABR-11 ABR-21
PE-1 PE-2
Aggregation Aggregation
3 RESILIENCY
PE-1 ABR-12 ABR-22 PE-2
Access IP/MPLS Access
Metro 1 IP/MPLS
core IP/MPLS
Metro 2
~1000 MPLS nodes
~1000 MPLS nodes
1 SCALABILITY Core connecting 100s of metro
regions
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SEAMLESS MPLS
EXAMPLE OF ARCHITECTURE
LDP FRR LFA , RSVP
Filtering of BGP routes to IBGP 3107 is used for End to end provisioning
allow only relevant inter-metro MPLS
protects against link loopbacks to be leaked in connectivity
No service awareness in
or local ABR failures
the access domain
NHSelf with label
intermediate nodes
Resiliency is based on reprogramming in the All domains separated at MPLS
EDGE PIC for labeled BGP local ABR to allow having
route end to end BGP label LSP
level
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Comparison with MPLS-TP
Focus on transport
- Back to the roots: transport only
- IP/MPLS considered too complex for transport
- Need for better OAM toolkit
Interest in the market is not because of added value, but rather because of simplicity
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MPLS-TP IN AN NUTSHELL
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MPLS-TP: MUST INTERWORK WITH NATIVE IP/MPLS
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Comparison
COMPARISON of IP/MPLS
OF IP/MPLS and MPLS-TP
AND MPLS-TP
for Utility IP Network Transformation
Convergence Common NMS, training, and sparing Separate NMS, training, and sparing for
for L1 to L3 L1/L2 and L3
OAM Single platform for L1 to L3 Separate platform required for L3
7
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Segment Routing
SEGMENT ROUTING
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SEGMENT ROUTING SROS
13.0
MAIN APPLICATIONS
Shortest Path Routing Applications
- LDP transport LSP infrastructure replacement or backup coverage improvement
- Shorted path forwarding with ECMP: admin-group, SRLG support
- Achieve full protection coverage with LFA < Remote LFA < Directed LFA < TI LFA
- Can co-exist with LDP or RSVP in seamless MPLS deployments
Traffic Engineering (TE) Applications
- Traffic engineered tunnels with state at ingress LER only
- stateless TE LSR nodes
- Distributed or node-level TE for resilience: admin-group, SRLG support
- External TE Controller with Resource Discovery for more advanced TE
Alcatel-Lucent will introduce Segment Routing in SR-OS 13.0
- Addressing RLFA/DLFA for IP-FRR/LDP-FRR coverage improvement
- Allow MPLS-less operation if required by the use-case
- Flexible path setup in combination with Offline TE tools
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SEGMENT ROUTING SROS
13.0
CONTROL/DATA PLANE
Each NE has two type of segments:
Shortest Path
- Nodal segment (N-SID), a single global identifier per NE. Route to N-6
- Adjacency segment (A-SID), one local identifier for each
adjacency. data N-6
data N-6
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SEGMENT ROUTING SROS
13.0
CONVERGENCE
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